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7. Two distinct population clusters of northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) on the northwest Atlantic shelf revealed by whole genome sequencing

Author

Jones, Lucas F, primary, Lou, R Nicolas, additional, Murray, Christopher S, additional, Robert, Dominique, additional, Bourne, Christina M, additional, Bouchard, Caroline, additional, Kučka, Marek, additional, Chan, Y Frank, additional, Carlon, David B, additional, Wiley, David N, additional, Therkildsen, Nina O, additional, and Baumann, Hannes, additional

Published
2022
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10. Two distinct population clusters of northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) on the northwest Atlantic shelf revealed by whole genome sequencing.

Author

Jones, Lucas F, Lou, R Nicolas, Murray, Christopher S, Robert, Dominique, Bourne, Christina M, Bouchard, Caroline, Kučka, Marek, Chan, Y Frank, Carlon, David B, Wiley, David N, Therkildsen, Nina O, and Baumann, Hannes

Subjects
WHOLE genome sequencing, OCEAN temperature, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, GENETIC distance, NUCLEAR DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Abstract

Northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) are essential forage fish in most offshore, temperate-to-polar waters on the Northwest Atlantic shelf (NWA), but their population structure and genetic separation from the American sand lance (A. americanus) remain unresolved. We assembled a reference genome for A. dubius (first in the Ammodytidae) and then used low-coverage whole genome sequencing on 262 specimens collected across the species distribution (Mid-Atlantic Bight to Greenland) to quantify genetic differentiation between geographic regions based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found strong separation between A. dubius from locations north and south of the Scotian Shelf, largely due to massive genetic differentiation spanning most of chromosomes 21 and 24. Genetic distance increased with geographic distance in the smaller southern cluster but not in the larger northern cluster, where genetic homogeneity appeared across large geographic distances (>103 km). The two genetic clusters coincide with a clear break in winter sea surface temperature, suggesting that differential offspring survival, rather than limited transport, causes a break in realized connectivity. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA both clearly delineated A. dubius from A. americanus , thereby confirming a species boundary through spatial niche partitioning into inshore (A. americanus) and offshore (A. dubius) sand lance species on the NWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Survival of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius offspring under factorial CO2 x temperature conditions

Author

Murray, Christopher S., Wiley, David, Baumann, Hannes, Murray, Christopher S., Wiley, David, and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: Sand lance survival, Survival source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance (A. dubius) offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/749429, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165, New Hampshire Sea Grant (NHSG) RNE16-CTHCE-l

Published
2021

14. CO2, temperature, and oxygen effects on Atlantic silverside metabolic rates

Author

Baumann, Hannes, Nye, Janet, Murray, Christopher S., Schwemmer, Teresa, Molina, Adelle I., Cross, Emma L., Baumann, Hannes, Nye, Janet, Murray, Christopher S., Schwemmer, Teresa, Molina, Adelle I., and Cross, Emma L.

Abstract

Dataset: Atlantic silverside metabolic rates, Metabolic rates of Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) embryos and larvae reared in six separate experiments in 2016 and 2017. Four experiments used factorial combinations of CO2 and temperature, and two experiments used combinations of CO2 and oxygen. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/827774, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536336, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165

Published
2020

15. Greater than 20% radiant heat conversion efficiency of a thermophotovoltaic radiator/module system using reflective spectral control

Author

Wernsman, B., Siergiej, Richard R., Link, Samuel D., Mahorter, Robert. G., Palmisiano, Marc. N., Murray, Susan., Murray, Christopher S, Newman, Fred, Taylor, Daniel, DePoy, David M., Rahmlow, Thomas, Wehrer, Rebecca. J., Schultz, Robert. W., and Messham, Rowan L.

Subjects
Gallium arsenide semiconductors -- Analysis, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

An inGaAs monolithic interconnected module (MIM) using reflective spectral control was fabricated and measured in a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) application. This is expected to increase the spectral efficiency and improve the system radiant heat transfer.

Published
2004

22. Morphometrics of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius offspring reared under factorial CO2 x temperature conditions

Author

Murray, Christopher S., Wiley, David, Baumann, Hannes, Murray, Christopher S., Wiley, David, and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: Sand lance morphometrics, Morphometric source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance (A. dubius) offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/749958, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165, New Hampshire Sea Grant (NHSG) RNE16-CTHCE-l

Published
2019

23. Survival data from static and fluctuating pCO2 x dissolved oxygen (DO) experiments on Menidia menidia

Author

Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., Baumann, Hannes, Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: Survival - pCO2 x DO effects on Menidia menidia, Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L-1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/777117, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165

Published
2019

24. Carbonate chemistry data from static and fluctuating pCO2 x dissolved oxygen (DO) experiments on Menidia menidia

Author

Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., Baumann, Hannes, Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: Carbonate Chemistry - pCO2 x DO effects on Menidia menidia, Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L-1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/777144, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165

Published
2019

25. Survival of northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius offspring under factorial CO2 x temperature conditions

Author

Murray, Christopher S., Wiley, David, Baumann, Hannes, Murray, Christopher S., Wiley, David, and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: Sand lance survival, Survival source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance (A. dubius) offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/749429, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165, New Hampshire Sea Grant (NHSG) RNE16-CTHCE-l

Published
2019

26. Growth data from static and fluctuating pCO2 x dissolved oxygen (DO) experiments on Menidia menidia

Author

Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., Baumann, Hannes, Cross, Emma L., Murray, Christopher S., and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: Growth - pCO2 x DO effects on Menidia menidia, Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L-1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/777130, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536165

Published
2019

27. n/p/n Tunnel Junction InGaAs Monolithic Interconnected Module (MIM)

Author

Wilt, David M, Murray, Christopher S, Fatemi, Navid S, and Weizer, Victor

Subjects
Energy Production And Conversion
Abstract

The Monolithic Interconnected Module (MIM), originally introduced at the First NREL thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conference, consists of low-bandgap indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photovoltaic devices, series interconnected on a common semi-insulating indium phosphide (inP) substrate. An infrared reflector is deposited on the back surface of the substrate to reflect photons, which were not absorbed in the first pass through the structure. The single largest optical loss in the current device occurs int he heavily doped p-type emitter. A new MIM design (pat.pend.) has been developed which flips the polarity of the conventional MIM cell (i.e., n/p rather than p/n), eliminating the need for the high conductivity p-type emitter. The p-type base of the cell is connected to the n-type lateral conduction layer through a thin InGaAs tunnel junction. 0.58 eV and 0.74 eV InGaAs devices have demonstrated reflectances above 90% for wavelengths beyond the bandgap (greater than 95% for unprocessed structures). Electrical measurements indicate minimal voltage drops across the tunnel junction (less than mV/junction under 1200K-blackbody illumnination) and fill factors that are above 70% at current densities (J(sub sc)) above 8 Angstroms per square centimeters for the 0.74eV devices.

Published
2005

28. InGaAs/InP Monolithic Interconnected Modules (MIM) for Thermophotovoltaic Applications

Author

Wilt, David M, Fatemi, Navid S, Jenkins, Phillip P, Weizer, Victor G, Hoffman, Richard W., Jr, Scheiman, David A, Murray, Christopher S, and Riley, David R

Subjects
Solid-State Physics
Abstract

There has been a traditional trade-off in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion development between systems efficiency and power density. This trade-off originates from the use of front surface spectral controls such as selective emitters and various types of filters. A monolithic interconnected module (MIM) structure has been developed which allows for both high power densities and high system efficiencies. The MIM device consists of many individual indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) devices series -connected on a single semi-insulating indium phosphide (InP) substrate. The MIMs are exposed to the entire emitter output, thereby maximizing output power density. An infrared (IR) reflector placed on the rear surface of the substrate returns the unused portion of the emitter output spectrum back to the emitter for recycling, thereby providing for high system efficiencies. Initial MIM development has focused on a 1 sq cm device consisting of eight series interconnected cells. MIM devices, produced from 0,74 eV InGAAs, have demonstrated V(sub infinity) = 3.23 volts, J(sub sc) = 70 mA/sq cm and a fill factor of 66% under flashlamp testing. Infrared (IR) reflectance measurement (less than 2 microns) of these devices indicate a reflectivity of less than 82%. MIM devices produced from 0.55 eV InGaAs have also been den=monstrated. In addition, conventional p/n InGaAs devices with record efficiencies (11.7% AM1) have been demonstrated.

Published
2004

29. A steady-state model for a low-pressure Cs-Ba diode

Author

Murray, Christopher S., El-Genk, Mohamed S., Wernsman, Bernard, and Kaibyshev, Vladimir Z.

Subjects
Diodes -- Models, Physics
Abstract

A steady-state model for a low-pressure Cs-Ba diode was presented. The model assumes uniform conditions across the discharge gap and does not take into account the effects of radiation losses. It was shown that in the Cs-Ba diode interface, barium did not influence the transport characteristics. However, the accuracy of the model was limited since it incorporated normal Schottky emissions. It was suggested that alterations in the Cs pressure had a substantial effect on the anomalous Schottky emissions.

Published
1993

32. Electrical and Optical Performance Characteristics of 0.74-eV p/n InGaAs Monolithic Interconnected Modules

Author

Wilt, David M, Fatemi, Navid S, Jenkins, Phillip P, Weizer, Victor G, Hoffman, Richard W., Jr, Jain, Raj K, Murray, Christopher S, and Riley, David R

Subjects
Composite Materials
Abstract

There has been a traditional trade-off in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion development between system efficiency and power density. This trade-off originates from the use of front surface spectral controls such as selective emitters and various types of filters. A monolithic interconnected module (MIM) structure has been developed which allows for both high power densities and high system efficiencies. The MIM device consists of many individual indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cells series-connected on a single semi-insulating indium phosphide (InP) substrate. The MIM is exposed to the entire emitter output, thereby maximizing output power density. An infrared (IR) reflector placed on the rear surface of the substrate returns the unused portion of the emitter output spectrum back to the emitter for recycling, thereby providing for high system efficiencies. Initial MIM development has focused on a 1 sq cm device consisting of eight (8) series interconnected cells. MIM devices, produced from 0.74-eV InGaAs, have demonstrated V(sub oc) = 3.2 volts, J(sub sc) = 70 mA/sq cm, and a fill factor of 66% under flashlamp testing. Infrared (IR) reflectance measurements (greater than 2 micron) of these devices indicate a reflectivity of greater than 82%. MIM devices produced from 0.55-eV InGaAs have also been demonstrated. In addition, conventional p/n InGaAs devices with record efficiencies (11.7% AM0) have been demonstrated.

Published
1997

33. Electrical and Optical Performance Characteristics of p/n InGaAs Monolithic Interconnected Modules

Author

Wilt, David M, Fatemi, Navid S, Jenkins, Phillip P, Weizer, Victor G, Hoffman, Richard W., Jr, Murray, Christopher S, and Riley, David R

Subjects
Energy Production And Conversion
Abstract

There has been a traditional trade-off in ThermoPhotoVoltaic (TPV) energy conversion development between system efficiency and power density. This trade-off originates from the use of front surface spectral controls such as selective emitters and various types of filters. A Monolithic Interconnected Module (MIM) structure has been developed which allows for both high power densities and high system efficiencies. The MIM device consists of many individual Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) devices series-connected on a single semi-insulating Indium Phosphide (InP) substrate. The MIMs are exposed to the entire emitter output, thereby maximizing output power density. An InfraRed (IR) reflector placed on the rear surface of the substrate returns the unused portion of the emitter output spectrum back to the emitter for recycling, thereby providing for high system efficiencies. Initial MIM development has focused on a 1 sq cm device consisting of eight (8) series interconnected cells. MIM devices, produced from 0.74eV InGaAs, have demonstrated V(sub infinity) = 3.2 volts, J(sub sc) = 70 mA/sq cm and a fill factor of 66% under flashlamp testing. IR reflectance measurements (greater than 2 microns) of these devices indicate a reflectivity of greater than 82%. MIM devices produced from 0.55 eV InGaAs have also been demonstrated. In addition, conventional p/n InGaAs devices with record efficiencies (11.7% AM0) have been demonstrated.

Published
1997

34. CO2 × temperature specific early life survival and growth of Menidia menidia assessed by 5 factorial experiments

Author

Murray, Christopher S., Baumann, Hannes, Murray, Christopher S., and Baumann, Hannes

Abstract

Dataset: CO2 x temperature effects on Menidia menidia offspring, In five individual rearing experiments, wild-caught M. menidia adults were spawned to test offspring sensitivity to factorial combinations of pCO2 (nominal: 400, 2200, 4000, and 6000 µatm) and temperature (17, 20, 24, and 28 °C) through measurements of early-life survival and growth. For experiment 1, adults were collected from Poquot Beach (40.947376, -73.10258), and the experiment took place at Stony Brook University’s Flax Pond Marine Laboratory. For experiments 2–5, spawning adults were collected from Mumford Cove (41.321526, -72.015247), and experiments were conducted in the Rankin Seawater Facility at University of Connecticut’s Avery Point campus. The experiments quantified two survival and two growth traits for each replicate and CO2 × temperature treatment; embryo survival (fertilization to 1 dph), larval survival (1 dph to experiment termination), size (SL) at hatch (1 dph), and growth rate ((SL at end of experiment – SL 1dph)/number days reared post hatch). These data are published in: Murray, C.S., and Baumann, H. (2018) You Better Repeat It: Complex CO2 × Temperature Effects in Atlantic Silverside Offspring Revealed by Serial experimentation. Diversity. doi:10.3390/d10030069. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the supplemental document 'Field_names.pdf', and a full dataset description is included in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/732818, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1536336

Published
2018

35. Are long-term growth responses to elevated pCO2 sex-specific in fish?

Author

Murray, Christopher S. and Baumann, Hannes

Subjects
*FORAGE fishes, *SEXING of fish, *FISHES, *MARINE fishes, *FISH physiology, *FISH growth, *LIFE cycles (Biology), FISH weight
Abstract

Whether marine fish will grow differently in future high pCO2 environments remains surprisingly uncertain. Long-term and whole-life cycle effects are particularly unknown, because such experiments are logistically challenging, space demanding, exclude long-lived species, and require controlled, restricted feeding regimes—otherwise increased consumption could mask potential growth effects. Here, we report on repeated, long-term, food-controlled experiments to rear large populations (>4,000 individuals total) of the experimental model and ecologically important forage fish Menidia menidia (Atlantic silverside) under contrasting temperature (17°, 24°, and 28°C) and pCO2 conditions (450 vs. ~2,200 μatm) from fertilization to ~ a third of this annual species' life span. Quantile analyses of trait distributions showed mostly negative effects of high pCO2 on long-term growth. At 17°C and 28°C, but not at 24°C, high pCO2 fish were significantly shorter [17°C: -5 to -9%; 28°C: -3%] and weighed less [17°C: -6 to -18%; 28°C: -8%] compared to ambient pCO2 fish. Reductions in fish weight were smaller than in length, which is why high pCO2 fish at 17°C consistently exhibited a higher Fulton's k (weight/length ratio). Notably, it took more than 100 days of rearing for statistically significant length differences to emerge between treatment populations, showing that cumulative, long-term CO2 effects could exist elsewhere but are easily missed by short experiments. Long-term rearing had another benefit: it allowed sexing the surviving fish, thereby enabling rare sex-specific analyses of trait distributions under contrasting CO2 environments. We found that female silversides grew faster than males, but there was no interaction between CO2 and sex, indicating that males and females were similarly affected by high pCO2. Because Atlantic silversides are known to exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination, we also analyzed sex ratios, revealing no evidence for CO2-dependent sex determination in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Consequences of elevated CO2 exposure across multiple life stages in a coastal forage fish.

Author

Murray, Christopher S., Fuiman, Lee A., and Baumann, Hannes

Subjects
*FORAGE fishes, *ATLANTIC silverside, *BIOLOGICAL fitness, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide, *FISH embryology, *FISH larvae
Abstract

Ocean acidification may impact the fitness of marine fish, however, studies reporting neutral to moderate effects have mostly performed short-term exposures to elevated CO2, whereas longer-term studies across life stages are still scarce. We performed a CO2 exposure experiment, in which a large number (n>2200) of Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia offspring from wild spawners were reared for 135 days through their embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages under control (500 μatm) and high CO2 conditions (2300 matm). Although survival was high across treatments, subtle but significant differences in length, weight, condition factor and fatty acid (FA) composition were observed. On average, fish from the acidified treatment were 4% shorter and weighed 6% less, but expressed a higher condition factor than control juveniles. In addition, the metrics of length and weight distributions differed significantly, with juveniles from the high CO2 treatment occupying more extreme size classes and the length distribution shifting to a positive kurtosis. Six of twenty-seven FAs differed significantly between treatments. Our results suggest that high CO2 conditions alter long-term growth in M. menidia, particularly in the absence of excess food. It remains to be shown whether and how these differences will impact fish populations in the wild facing size-selective predation and seasonally varying prey abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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45. Radioisotope Micropower System Using Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion.

Author

Koudelka, Robert D., Murray, Christopher S., Fleming, James G., Shaw, Michael J., Teofilo, Vince, and Alexander, Charles

Subjects
*PHOTOVOLTAIC cells, *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, *MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems, *ENERGY conversion, *THERMAL insulation, *RADIOISOTOPES, *PHOTONICS
Abstract

Recent advances in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion efficiency have increased interest in investigating the use of TPV in a wider spectrum of applications. This paper discusses a micropower system under development that utilizes a radioisotope heat source, microelectromechanical (MEM) thermal insulation, 3-D tungsten photonic crystal (PC) emitter, and thermophotovoltaic modules for the energy conversion. The 3-D tungsten photonic crystal (PC) emitter is a selective emitter that is designed to match the bandgap of the TPV module. Compared to bulk tungsten, the PC has increased emittance in the convertible wavelength range and decreased emittance in the nonconvertible wavelength range, which results in a greater than 10% improvement in conversion efficiency. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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46. Effect of Metal Coverage on the Performance of 0.6-eV InGaAs Monolithic Interconnected Modules.

Author

Murray, Susan L., Murray, Christopher S., Stan, Mark A., Newman, Frederick D., Hills, Jenifer, Siergiej, Richard, and Wernsman, Bernard

Subjects
*INDIUM arsenide, *GALLIUM arsenide, *QUANTUM electronics
Abstract

With the device performance of 0.6eV InGaAs monolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) reaching open circuit voltages of 400 mV/junction and achieving excellent quantum efficiency, the next step to improve performance focuses on controlling the parasitic optical absorption in these MIMs. With an integrated spectral control approach, the design of grid finger and interconnect metallization affects both the output power and the optical absorption of the MIM, The effect of metal coverage on the optical and electrical performance of MIMs processed in a multi-wafer environment is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

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