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Children with disabilities are at heightened risk of sexual violence compared to non-disabled peers.

The recurrence of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) is of concern to both patients and health care systems, with large amounts of resources being consumed by this chronic condition. Self‐management has been recommended to decrease the recurrence of VLUs. However, this concept has not been clearly defined in VLU recurrence prevention. The aim of this concept analysis was to describe self‐management in VLU recurrence prevention, and explore the terms used and their application in preventing VLU recurrence. Using Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis, 19 articles were systematically reviewed. The primary term used was that of self‐care. The defining attributes included (a) completing preventative tasks of compression, elevation and exercise; (b) lifelong compliance with preventative tasks by patients; (c) internal factors of understanding why tasks are needed, and motivation/belief they will help prevent recurrence, hence changing routines/lifestyles; (d) environmental support through local health care systems and support systems, while avoiding risk. Inconsistent terminology use can cause communication issues within wound management as well as multidisciplinary teams. Although self‐management is evolving, its development may have been constrained by the medical model, which emphasises compliance with direct preventative tasks for this chronic condition. There is minimal focus on external or environmental factors that support behaviour change. The use of the term self‐management may be more beneficial to communication between professions as it aligns with the chronic disease research. Presently the concept focuses on concordance of the patient with completing the preventative tasks of lifelong compression, elevation and exercise/mobility. The person's beliefs and understanding that compliance with these tasks will reduce the risk of recurrence, and hence, lifelong changes to routines, habits and lifestyles must be made by the person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of adverse events of interest (AEIs) after receiving their first and second doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, and to report the safety profile differences between the different COVID-19 vaccines. Design: We used a self-controlled case series design to estimate the relative incidence (RI) of AEIs reported to the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners national sentinel network. We compared the AEIs that occurred seven days before and after receiving the COVID-19 vaccinations to background levels between 1 October 2020 and 12 September 2021. Setting: England, UK. Participants: Individuals experiencing AEIs after receiving first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Main outcome measures: AEIs determined based on events reported in clinical trials and in primary care during post-license surveillance. Results: A total of 7,952,861 individuals were vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines within the study period. Among them, 781,200 individuals (9.82%) presented to general practice with 1,482,273 AEIs. Within the first seven days post-vaccination, 4.85% of all the AEIs were reported. There was a 3–7% decrease in the overall RI of AEIs in the seven days after receiving both doses of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (RI = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91–0.94) and 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.98), respectively) and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 (RI = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.98) for both doses), but a 20% increase after receiving the first dose of Moderna mRNA-1273 (RI = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00–1.44)). Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a small decrease in the incidence of medically attended AEIs. Sentinel networks could routinely report common AEI rates, which could contribute to reporting vaccine safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research studies have identified associations between a range of social, familial and psychological risk factor and physical health. However, there are many methodological limitations in such studies (e.g. self-reported health status, retrospective recall of adverse events, and lack of control for possible heritability effects). The current study seeks to assess the effect of a range of social and psychosocial risk factors on a diagnosis of any endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic (ENM) disorders (ICD-10 E00-99) using linked Danish registry data from a large birth cohort. Data linkage. A national birth cohort of the Danish population born in 1984 was used in the current study (n = 54,458). Psychosocial risk factors including parental history of diagnosis of an ENM disorder, advanced parental age, gender, urban dwelling, economic deprivation, family dissolution and childhood adversity (child in care) were used to predict any ENM diagnosis. Bivariate associations showed that all variables, except advanced paternal age, were significantly associated with ENM diagnosis. When the variables were entered into a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis childhood adversity (child in care) was the strongest predictor of diagnosis (OR = 2.36) followed by maternal diagnosis of an endocrine disorder (OR = 1.74) and advanced maternal age (OR = 1.69). Results suggest that childhood adversity is the dominant factor in the prediction of an ENM diagnosis. The current study extends the literature conducted on adult populations by demonstrating that early adverse experiences are associated with poor or poorer health outcomes in young adulthood., Author(s): Mark Shevlin [sup.1] [sup.2] , Philip Hyland [sup.3] , Ask Elklit [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jamie Murphy [sup.1] , Siobhan Murphy [sup.2] , Matthew Kearney [sup.1] , Deborah Christie [sup.4] [...]

The association between child maltreatment (CM) and educational outcomes have been well documented. However, there is a paucity of research that explores the association between different types of maltreatment and other school problems that may affect the educational outcomes of maltreated children. This study examined the association between different types of CM and school changes, concentration problems, and special educational needs. Gender differences were also examined. Structured interviews were conducted with 2,980 participants. Significant associations emerged between CM, in particular, multiple maltreatment experiences and school problems. Males had higher concentration difficulties and special educational needs. More research attention is needed into optimal learning environments and interventions that support maltreated children more effectively.

Background: Compression therapy is considered best practice for healing and preventing venous leg ulcer (VLU) recurrence, however, some comorbidities require that modified compression be applied. A range of terminologies, application recommendations and compression amount for modified compression are found in the literature and guidelines. This could implicate how these recommendations are transferred into clinical practice. Aim: To investigate clinical practice regarding the application of modified compression to prevent recurrence of VLU in the Republic of Ireland. Methods: Descriptive qualitative design was used, with six experts in compression and wound management recruited from Ireland. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data, and reflexive thematic analysis was completed. Results: We identified four themes during data analysis; inconsistent understanding and terminology usage; clinical context influences; issues with standard compression application; and focus on healing (non-routine monitoring) with associated subthemes. Conclusions: This research indicates that the application of modified compression to prevent the recurrence of leg ulcers is limited within clinical practice, with inconsistent terminology used, application methods, and non-routine monitoring to prevent recurrence. Reported systemic barriers impact the ability of these services to provide best practice to people with leg ulcers. Declaration of Interest: No conflict of interest to declare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the experience of students and facilitators of Enquiry/Problem-Based Learning (E/PBL) as it transitioned online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This two-phased mixed-methods sequential explanatory design study targeted academic staff and students engaged in online E/PBL during COVID-19 restrictions. The experience of enforced transition to online provision of E/PBL was examined in terms of the impact of digital tools on curriculum delivery and student perception of online E/PBL. In Phase 1, academic staff (n=21) and students (n= 67) responded to a survey that explored use of digital tools and experiences of online E/PBL. In Phase 2, academic staff (n=6) and students (n=2) participated in focus groups which were designed to elicit current and retrospective perspectives of the transition to online E/PBL. Results: Findings revealed that a number of digital tools were beneficial in assisting the delivery of online E/PBL. However, challenges were experienced by both facilitators and students with respect to technological competence and variance in IT access. Student responses suggested that communication barriers, inherent to the online environment, impacted on interactivity, which resulted in more active input being required from facilitators to promote student engagement. Most respondents revealed that they became increasingly comfortable in the online environment despite initial reservations, and that some changes in practice can help overcome limitations of digital tools. Conclusion: Engaging in online E/PBL presented diverse views amongst both facilitators and students on how best to support transition to student-centred learning and teaching methodology online. Recommendations from this study highlight the need for digital and technological training to enhance facilitator competence and the importance of building rapport, structure activities, and promote social cohesion amongst learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND – This study examined the relationship between alcohol misuse and different types of childhood maltreatment in a sample of young adults while controlling for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and current mental disorders. This study further examined if these associations were different for males and females.

Self-report personality inventories may be useful in directing perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) to appropriate intervention programs. They may also have predictive capabilities in assessing the likelihood of desistance or persistence of IPV. However, validity problems are inherent in self-report clinical tools, particularly in forensic settings. Scores of the modifying indices (subsections of the scale designed to detect biases in responding) of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) often are not reported in research. This study analyses the response sets of a sample of 492 IPV perpetrators at intake to a Danish perpetrator program. Profiles were grouped into levels of severity, and the proportion of exaggerated or minimized profiles at each severity level was analyzed. Findings suggested that 30% of the present sample were severely disturbed or exaggerating their symptoms. As expected, there were significant levels of exaggerated profiles present in the severe pathology group and significant levels of minimized profiles in the low pathology group. Self-referred participants were more likely to exaggerate their pathology, but minimization was not associated with referral status. Nor was there an association between gender and the modifying indices. It is suggested that so-called "fake good" or "fake bad" profiles should not necessarily be treated as invalid, but that elevations in the modifying indices can be interpreted as clinically and forensically relevant information in their own right and should be reported on in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]