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Quantum computing is an emerging field that promises to revolutionize various domains, such as simulation optimization, data processing, and more, by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. This paper outlines innovative pedagogical strategies developed by university lecturers in Finland and Spain for teaching quantum computer programming and quantum software engineering. Our curriculum integrates essential tools and methodologies such as containerization with Docker, Qiskit, PennyLane, and Ocean SDK to provide a comprehensive learning experience. The approach consists of several steps, from introducing the fundamentals of quantum mechanics to hands-on labs focusing on practical use cases. We believe quantum computer programming is an important topic and one that is hard to teach, so having a teaching agenda and guidelines for teaching can be of great help., Comment: Presented at IEEE Quantum Week 2024 (QCE'24), 5 pages, 0 figures

Background. In the realm of software engineering, there are widely accepted guidelines for reporting and creating laboratory packages. Unfortunately, the landscape differs considerably in the emerging field of quantum computing. To the best of our knowledge, no standardized guidelines exist for describing experiments or outlining the necessary structures for quantum software laboratory packages. Aims. This paper endeavors to enhance the replicability and verifiability of quantum software experiments. Method. This objective is pursued through the proposition of guidelines for reporting and the delineation of a structure for laboratory packages tailored to quantum computing experiments. Specifically, we advocate for an extension and adaption of established guidelines in experimental software engineering, integrating novel elements to address the specific requirements of quantum software engineering. Results. In validating the utility and effectiveness of the proposed guidelines, we conducted a review encompassing 11 works (5 focusing on reporting guidelines and 6 on laboratory packages). In particular, this review highlighted the absence of standardized guidelines and structure of laboratory packages for quantum software experiments. Conclusions. Our assessment revealed gaps in information and opportunities for enhancement within the evaluated papers and laboratory packages. Our proposal contributes to the advancement of quantum software engineering research, taking a fundamental step toward fostering rigorous and reliable scientific research in this emerging paradigm., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, and 6 tables

Quantum algorithms are a very promising field. However, creating and manipulating these kind of algorithms is a very complex task, specially for software engineers used to work at higher abstraction levels. The work presented here is part of a broader research focused on providing operations of a higher abstraction level to manipulate integers codified as a superposition. These operations are designed to be composable and efficient, so quantum software developers can reuse them to create more complex solutions. Specifically, in this paper we present a 'multiples of' operation. To validate this operation we show several examples of quantum circuits and their simulations, including its composition possibilities. A theoretical analysis proves that both the complexity of the required classical calculations and the depth of the circuit scale linearly with the number of qubits. Hence, the 'multiples of' oracle is efficient in terms of complexity and depth. Finally, an empirical study of the circuit depth is conducted to further reinforce the theoretical analysis., Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, preprint submitted to SummerSOC 2023

The evolution of quantum hardware is highlighting the need for advances in quantum software engineering that help developers create quantum software with good quality attributes. Specifically, reusability has been traditionally considered an important quality attribute in terms of efficiency of cost and effort. Increasing the reusability of quantum software will help developers create more complex solutions, by reusing simpler components, with better quality attributes, as long as the reused components have also these attributes. This work focuses on the reusability of oracles, a well-known pattern of quantum algorithms that can be used to perform functions used as input by other algorithms. In particular, in this work, we present several guidelines for making reusable quantum oracles. These guidelines include three different levels for oracle reuse: the ideas inspiring the oracle, the function which creates the oracle, and the oracle itself. To demonstrate these guidelines, two different implementations of a range of integers oracle have been built by reusing simpler oracles. The quality of these implementations is evaluated in terms of functionality and quantum circuit depth. Then, we provide an example of documentation following the proposed guidelines for both implementations to foster reuse of the provided oracles. This work aims to be a first point of discussion towards quantum software reusability. Additional work is needed to establish more specific criteria for quantum software reusability., Comment: 10 pages

Grover's algorithm is a well-known contribution to quantum computing. It searches one value within an unordered sequence faster than any classical algorithm. A fundamental part of this algorithm is the so-called oracle, a quantum circuit that marks the quantum state corresponding to the desired value. A generalization of it is the oracle for Amplitude Amplification, that marks multiple desired states. In this work we present a classical algorithm that builds a phase-marking oracle for Amplitude Amplification. This oracle performs a less-than operation, marking states representing natural numbers smaller than a given one. Results of both simulations and experiments are shown to prove its functionality. This less-than oracle implementation works on any number of qubits and does not require any ancilla qubits. Regarding depth, the proposed implementation is compared with the one generated by Qiskit automatic method, UnitaryGate. We show that the depth of our less-than oracle implementation is always lower. This difference is significant enough for our method to outperform UnitaryGate on real quantum hardware., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Q-SE 2023 - ICSE

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened new research lines that focus on applying IoT applications to domains further beyond basic user-grade applications, such as Industry or Healthcare. These domains demand a very high Quality of Service (QoS), mainly a very short response time. In order to meet these demands, some works are evaluating how to modularize and deploy IoT applications in different nodes of the infrastructure (edge, fog, cloud), as well as how to place the network controllers, since these decisions affect the response time of the application. Some works in the literature have approached this problem by providing separate plans for deployment and placing of controllers. However, this approach makes sub-optimal decisions, that complicate guaranteeing the demanded response time. To guarantee an optimal response time, it is crucial to solve the problem in a single effort that considers both, the networking and computing dimensions. In this work, we analyze the influences between the response time of computing and networking in edge computing environments with SDN networks, merging both optimization efforts into a single one and proposing a solution to the joint problem. Our evaluation shows that our proposal can shorten response time by up to 28.97%, Comment: Submitted to IEEE Internet of Things Journal

We live in an era in which the most valued services are not paid for in money, but in personal data. Every day, service providers collect the personal information of billions of individuals, information that sustain their infrastructure by marketing profiles labeled with this information to personal data consumers, such as advertisers. Not all uses of this personal data are for marketing; data consumers can also include, for instance, public health authorities tracking pandemics. In either case, individuals have undergone a process of Personal Data Gentrification, as data ownership has shifted from individuals to service providers and data consumers, as if the data is worth nothing to the individuals; these new owners then harness the data to obtain large profits. Current privacy-enhancing technologies are beginning to allow individuals to control and share less information. However, not sharing individuals' personal information at all could lead to Personal Data Blight, in which the potential of personal data in applications that benefit all of society remains forever latent. In this paper, we propose Personal Data Enfranchisement as a middle ground, empowering individuals to control the sharing of their personal information to shift the business flows of personal information. Based on these insights, we propose a model to gradually and incrementally make a shift from our current situation towards one of Personal Data Enfranchisement. Finally, we present a roadmap and some challenges towards achieving this bold vision., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures

Today's world is a globalized and connected one, where people are increasingly moving around and interacting with a greater number of services and devices of all kinds, including those that allow them to monitor their health. However, each company, institution or health system usually store its patients' data in an isolated way. Although this approach can have some benefits related with privacy, security, etc., it also implies that each one of them generates different, incomplete and possibly contradictory views of a patient's health data, losing part of the value that this information could bring to the patient. That is the reason why researchers from all over the world are determined to replace the current institution-centered health systems with new patient-centered ones. In these new systems, all the health information of a patient is integrated into a unique global vision. However, some questions are still unanswered. Specifically, who should store and maintain the information of a given patient and how should this information be made available for other systems. To address this situation, this work proposes a new solution towards making the Personal Health Trajectory of patients available for both, the patients themselves and health institutions. By using the concept of blockchains' federation and web services access to the global vision of a person health can be granted to existing and new solutions. To demonstrate the viability of the proposal, an implementation is provided alongside the obtained results in a potential scenario., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures