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Abstract Background Mongolian cattle are local breeds in northern China with excellent adaptability to harsh environmental conditions. Adipose tissues play essential roles in tolerance to cold and disease, but the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Methods Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on the adipose tissues from the subcutaneous (SAT), greater omentum (OAT) and perirenal (PAT) of 3 healthy cattle. The adipogenic trajectory was analyzed, and the functional roles of gene of interest were verified in vitro. Results There were different cell subpopulations in adipose tissues. The lipid-deposition adipocytes identified by the PTGER3 marker exhibited outstanding characteristics in SAT. In PAT and OAT, aldosterone was expressed to provide clues for the differential brown adipocytes. Among the DEGs by comparing OAT with SAT and PAT with OAT, C3 was significantly expressed in most of the cell populations in SAT. G0S2, LIPE, LPIN1, PTGER3 and RGCC took part in the adipogenic trajectory from preadipocyte commitment to mature adipocytes. S100A4 expression affected Ca2+ signaling and the expression of UCP1 ~ 3, FABP4 and PTGER3. Conclusion The cell heterogeneity and genes expressed in adipose tissues of Mongolian cattle not only determine the endocrine and energy storage, but contribute to adapt to cold and disease resistance.

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment is a heterogeneous syndrome. The heterogeneity of the syndrome and the absence of consensus limited the advancement of MCI. The purpose of our research is to create a visual framework of the last decade, highlight the hotspots of current research, and forecast the most fruitful avenues for future MCI research.MethodsWe collected all the MCI-related literature published between 1 January 2013, and 24 April 2023, on the “Web of Science.” The visual graph was created by the CiteSpace and VOSviewer. The current research hotspots and future research directions are summarized through the analysis of keywords and co-cited literature.ResultsThere are 6,075 articles were included in the final analysis. The number of publications shows an upward trend, especially after 2018. The United States and the University of California System are the most prolific countries and institutions, respectively. Petersen is the author who ranks first in terms of publication volume and influence. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease was the most productive journal. “neuroimaging,” “fluid markers,” and “predictors” are the focus of current research, and “machine learning,” “electroencephalogram,” “deep learning,” and “blood biomarkers” are potential research directions in the future.ConclusionThe cognition of MCI has been continuously evolved and renewed by multiple countries’ joint efforts in the past decade. Hotspots for current research are on diagnostic biomarkers, such as fluid markers, neuroimaging, and so on. Future hotspots might be focused on the best prognostic and diagnostic models generated by machine learning and large-scale screening tools such as EEG and blood biomarkers.

Data analytics has been an important business demand for basketball game. Conventionally, it was implemented with use of statistical approaches, yet neglecting the perception of spatiotemporal characteristics data. To deal with the problem, we introduce deep learning to reveal potential spatiotemporal features from multisource data. Therefore, a spatiotemporal deep learning-based multisource data analytics framework for basketball game, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, advanced deep learning models under spatiotemporal characteristics are elaborated, and a back propagation-based convolution neural network structure is utilized to extract the spatiotemporal features. Then, a systematic data collection and preprocessing method under spatiotemporal characteristics is defined, and thus formulating the spatiotemporal deep learning-based data analytics framework. Furthermore, we conduct a case study to make empirical analysis for the proposed technical framework. The results show that the proposal can well make prediction for some key factors of basketball game, and that it can provide some predictive information for the game preparation from the technical dimension.

mRNA delivery has shown great potential in the treatment of various diseases. Here, the authors develop a lantern-shaped flexible origami for nanolization of single mRNA molecules and demonstrate efficient delivery of Smad4 mRNA, achieving suppression of colorectal cancer tumour growth.

BackgroundGastric cancer is associated with tumor microenvironment and chronic inflammation, but the underlying tumor-promoting mechanisms still remain unknown.MethodsThe ATAC-seq was used to identify genes with chromatin accessibilities in promoter regions. The RNA-seq datasets were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pearson correlation analysis with the mRNA expression of three families of tumor-related inflammation TFs was used to filter downstream DEGs. Cox univariate survival analysis was performed to identify the prognostic value. The ImmPort database and CIBERSORTx algorithm were used to investigate the regulatory relationship between hub DEGs and immune cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multidimensional database were performed to verification.ResultsIn this case, we require 2,454 genes with chromatin accessibility in promoter regions by ATAC-seq. Based on the gene expression profiles (RNA-seq), we identified 365 genes with chromatin accessibility and differential expression. Combined with the Cox univariate survival analysis, we identified 32 survival-related DEGs with chromatin accessibility. According to ImmPort database, CXCL3, PLXNC1, and EDN2 were identified as immune- related genes in STAD. By applying the CIBERSORTx algorithm and Pearson correlation, PLXNC1 was the only gene correlated with various immune cells, significantly associated with M2 macrophages. Furthermore, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) suggests the “hallmark_interferon_gamma_response” pathway was most significantly correlated with PLXNC1. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that PLXNC1 protein level was significantly higher in STAD tissues than in normal tissues (p < 0.001).ConclusionPLXNC1, regulated by IRF5, is an immune-related gene that was significantly associated with M2 macrophages and poor outcome in stomach adenocarcinoma.

Study DesignRetrospective clinical cohort study.Purpose To investigate whether the combined use of dynamic pedicle screws and polyaxial pedicle screws was effective on adjacent segment pathology (ASP).Overview of LiteratureVarious screw and rod models have been recently developed for preventing adjacent segment disease, and hybrid systems have been described along with posterior instrumentation in the fusion segment. In the literature, although the success of dynamic systems has been demonstrated in non-fusion posterior instrumentation, it remains unclear whether the addition of a screw-based dynamic system to a fusion segment would successfully prevent ASP in the long term.MethodsThe study included 101 patients who underwent surgery for degenerative spine diseases between 2007 and 2014 with lumbar stabilization that used either polyaxial pedicle screws alone or polyaxial pedicle screws plus dynamic stabilization screws (with hinged screw heads). These two patient groups were compared using retrospectively obtained postoperative new clinical findings, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and radiological data.ResultsThe proportion of patients with ASP who were radiologically assessed was low (p 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough the combined use of dynamic screws and the static system was radiologically found to be effective for preventing ASP in patients who underwent lumbar fusion with posterior instrumentation, it did not completely eliminate ASP or result in a significant improvement in clinical ASP.

The mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) gene is an important colorectal tumor suppressor gene, although few studies have reported the microRNA(s) that could directly target MCC in colorectal cancer. Here, we used microRNA (miRNA) target prediction algorithms, and previously reported microarray data in human colorectal cancer found that only miR-4261 was predicted by all three databases to directly target MCC. Based on specimens from our own cohort of colorectal cancer patients, we further demonstrated that miR-4261 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer. Interestingly, overexpression of miR-4261 could enhance cell proliferation and G1/S phase transition of cell cycle, and promote cell migration in HCT116 and HT29 cells, while inhibition of miR-4261 had opposite effects. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed MCC as a direct target of miR-4261. MCC small interfering RNA (siRNA) could abolish the suppressive effects of miR-4261 inhibitor on cell proliferation and migration in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Finally, we showed that therapeutic intervention with lentivirus-based miR-4261 sponge injection could effectively reduce tumor growth and inhibit cell proliferation in colorectal cancer xenograft. Collectively, our study is the first one to unravel the functional role of miR-4261, and it provides strong evidence that inhibition of miR-4261 through targeting of MCC might exert a therapeutic effect for colorectal cancer. Keywords: colorectal cancer, miR-4261, MCC

All organisms have evolved strategies to regulate ion and pH homeostasis in response to developmental and environmental cues. One strategy is mediated by cation-proton antiporters (CPA). CPA1 genes found in bacteria, fungi, metazoa and plants have been functionally-characterized; though roles of plant CPA2 genes in KEA (K+-efflux antiporter) and CHX (cation/H+ exchanger) families are largely unknown. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three clades of the Na+-H+ exchanger (NHX) family have been conserved from single-celled alga to Arabidopsis. These are i) plasma membrane-bound SOS1/AtNHX7 that share ancestry with prokaryote NhaP, ii) endosomal AtNHX5/6 that is part of the eukaryote Intracellular-NHE clade, and iii) a vacuolar NHX clade (AtNHX1-4) specific to plants. Early diversification of KEA genes possibly from ancestral genes of a cyanobacterium is suggested for three K+-efflux antiporter clades (KEA/Kef) seen in all plants. Intriguingly, the CHX gene family blossomed from a few members in early land plants to >40 genes in legumes. Homologs from spirogyra or moss share high similarity with guard cell-specific AtCHX20, suggesting that AtCHX20 and its relatives (AtCHX16-19) are founders of the family. Evolutionary analysis suggests pollen-expressed CHX genes appeared later in monocots and early eudicots. AtCHX proteins have been localized to intracellular and plasma membrane of plants, and shown to mediate K+ transport and pH homeostasis. Thus KEA genes are conserved from green algae to angiosperms, and their presence in red algae and secondary endosymbionts suggest a role in plastids. In contrast, AtNHX1-4 subtype evolved in ancestral plants to handle ion homeostasis of vacuoles in all cell types. The strong presence of CHX genes in land plants, but not in metazoa or fungi, would infer a role of ion and pH homeostasis at dynamic endomembranes to support vegetative and reproductive success of flowering plants.

The Zoonomia Project is investigating the genomics of shared and specialized traits in eutherian mammals. Here we provide genome assemblies for 131 species, of which all but 9 are previously uncharacterized, and describe a whole-genome alignment of 240 species of considerable phylogenetic diversity, comprising representatives from more than 80% of mammalian families. We find that regions of reduced genetic diversity are more abundant in species at a high risk of extinction, discern signals of evolutionary selection at high resolution and provide insights from individual reference genomes. By prioritizing phylogenetic diversity and making data available quickly and without restriction, the Zoonomia Project aims to support biological discovery, medical research and the conservation of biodiversity.

Prosocial behavior is a distinguishing characteristic of human nature. Although prosocial behaviors emerge early in development, contextual factors play an important role in how these behaviors are manifested over development. A large body of research focuses on the trajectory of prosocial development across diverse cultures and investigating contexts that foster it. Against this backdrop of developmental research endeavoring to understand and enhance the cooperative side of humanity, is the catastrophic impact of profoundly negative forces on social‐emotional development for children forced to flee from violent conflict. Close to half a million Rohingya children, whose families were forced to flee genocide in Myanmar, now live in the largest refugee camp in the world. To examine the resilience of human prosociality in the face of extreme adversity, we documented initial levels of prosociality in Rohingya refugee children living in a mega‐camp (Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh) and the extent to which those levels were improved following a multifaceted intervention designed to foster prosociality. The research was a partnership between Rohingya community members with lived experience, humanitarian practitioners, and developmental researchers. A sample of 152 Rohingya children (5–12 years) participated in pre‐ and postintervention assessments of prosocial behaviors and related cognitive‐affective processes. The 10‐day collaboration‐based intervention was implemented between November 2021 and January 2022 by Rohingya researchers. Birthplace was used as a proxy measure of trauma level. Children born in Myanmar (N = 88) directly experienced relatively higher levels of trauma (genocide, forced migration) than children who were born in the camp after their families fled from Myanmar (N = 64). Children were individually tested pre‐ and postintervention with a task battery, including a helping (Origami) and two sharing tasks (Dictator Game [DG], Forced Choice sharing) measuring prosocial behavior. Assessments of related cognitive‐affective processes included measures of empathic responding and emotion perspective‐taking in story tasks (Imagine, Judgment) and executive function (EF) skills (Younger: Hearts & Flowers; Older: Dimensional Change Card Sorting). Small group intervention sessions conducted over 10 days targeted these prosocial behaviors and cognitive‐affective processes and were based on collaborative activities, emotion perspective taking and EF skills training with the same partner throughout the intervention phase. We used latent change modeling to examine initial levels (preintervention) and intervention‐related changes in these measures from pre‐ to postintervention. Prosocial responding was found across all measures (preintervention) and improvements (pre‐ to postintervention change) were apparent across most measures. Age and birthplace variables were significant predictors of initial levels and intervention‐related change. Initial levels: Regarding age, older children (9–12 years) showed higher levels than younger children (5–8 years) of sharing in the Forced Choice task but lower levels in the DG. Older children also showed higher levels of empathic responding when asked to report how they would feel and respond to another person's misfortune in the Imagine task. Regarding birthplace, prior to the intervention camp‐born children showed higher levels than Myanmar‐born children of helping in the Origami task and reported more behavioral responses indicating how they would respond to misfortune in the Imagine task. In contrast, Myanmar‐born children had higher levels of sharing in the DG and consistently chose equality over inequality in the Forced Choice sharing task, even when their partner would receive more, indicating a pattern of generosity in these children. Myanmar‐born children had lower levels than camp‐born children on EF measures. Intervention‐related change: Regarding age, older but not younger children were more likely to increase choices for equality over inequality on the Forced Choice sharing task following the intervention. Regarding birthplace and helping, camp‐born children increased behaviors that helped their partner make origami shapes themselves ("how‐to" helping), whereas Myanmar‐born children increased behavior that took over folding for their partner ("do‐for" helping). For sharing tasks, Myanmar‐born but not camp‐born children increased sharing in the DG and showed an increased pattern of generosity in Forced Choice sharing task. In the Imagine story task, children born in Myanmar were more likely than those born in camp to increase empathic responding (i.e., imagining how they would feel). Children born in Myanmar showed less improvement on EF measures than children born in the camp. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that in a context of extreme adversity, Rohingya children exhibited prosociality and benefitted from a multifaceted intervention. Our research adds credence to the view that human prosociality is a fundamental characteristic of humanity that not only survives but can be enhanced in even the most adverse of childhood environments. Our multifaceted intervention, which was implemented within a collaborative social context and targeted prosocial behaviors and related cognitive‐affective processes, was designed to be easily implemented within existing psychosocial support programs in refugee contexts. As the numbers of children affected by violent conflict and forced migration rise alarmingly worldwide, there is a critical need to expand research partnerships that aim to improve developmental outcomes for these millions of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purposeThe risk of genitourinary (GU) toxicity is dose-limiting in radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer. This study investigated whether motion-inclusive spatial dose/volume metrics explain the GU toxicity manifesting after high-precision RT for prostate cancer.Material and methodsA matched case-control was performed within a cohort of 258 prostate cancer patients treated with daily cone-beam CT (CBCT)-guided RT (prescription doses of 77.4-81.0 Gy). Twenty-seven patients (10.5%) presented late RTOG GU ≥ Grade 2 toxicity and those without symptoms of toxicity prior treatment (N = 7) were selected as cases. Each case was matched with three controls based on pre-treatment GU symptoms, age, Gleason score, follow-up time, and hormone therapy. Thirteen CBCTs per patient were rigidly registered to the planning CT using the recorded treatment shifts, and the bladder was manually contoured on each CBCT. Planned and actually delivered dose/volume metrics (the latter averaged across the CBCTs) were extracted from the bladder and its subsectors, and compared between cases and controls (two-way ANOVA test).ResultsThere were no significant differences between planned and delivered dose/volume metrics; also, there were no significant differences between cases and controls at any dose level, neither for planned nor delivered doses. The cases tended to have larger bladder volumes during treatment than controls (221 ± 71 cm3 vs 166 ± 73 cm3; p = 0.09).ConclusionsHigh-precision RT for prostate cancer eliminates differences between planned and delivered dose distributions. Neither planned nor delivered bladder dose/volume metrics were associated to the remaining low risk of developing GU toxicity after high-precision radiotherapy for prostate cancer.