92 results on '"Murawski B"'
Search Results
2. Activity Trackers Implement Different Behavior Change Techniques for Activity, Sleep, and Sedentary Behaviors.
- Author
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Duncan, M., Murawski, B., Short, C., Rebar, Amanda, Schoeppe, S., Alley, S., Vandelanotte, C., Kirwan, M., Duncan, M., Murawski, B., Short, C., Rebar, Amanda, Schoeppe, S., Alley, S., Vandelanotte, C., and Kirwan, M.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies have examined how the implementation of behavior change techniques (BCTs) varies between different activity trackers. However, activity trackers frequently allow tracking of activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors; yet, it is unknown how the implementation of BCTs differs between these behaviors. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the number and type of BCTs that are implemented by wearable activity trackers (self-monitoring systems) in relation to activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors and to determine whether the number and type of BCTs differ between behaviors. METHODS: Three self-monitoring systems (Fitbit [Charge HR], Garmin [Vivosmart], and Jawbone [UP3]) were each used for a 1-week period in August 2015. Each self-monitoring system was used by two of the authors (MJD and BM) concurrently. The Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy was used to assess the implementation of 40 BCTs in relation to activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors. Discrepancies in ratings were resolved by discussion, and interrater agreement in the number of BCTs implemented was assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Interrater agreement ranged from 0.64 to 1.00. From a possible range of 40 BCTs, the number of BCTs present for activity ranged from 19 (Garmin) to 33 (Jawbone), from 4 (Garmin) to 29 (Jawbone) for sleep, and 0 (Fitbit) to 10 (Garmin) for sedentary behavior. The average number of BCTs implemented was greatest for activity (n=26) and smaller for sleep (n=14) and sedentary behavior (n=6). CONCLUSIONS: The number and type of BCTs implemented varied between each of the systems and between activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors. This provides an indication of the potential of these systems to change these behaviors, but the long-term effectiveness of these systems to change activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors remains unknown.
- Published
- 2017
3. Daily correlation of adrenal steroids and alpha frequency in the EEG- a demonstration.
- Author
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Burns, S. K and Murawski, B. J
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Biosciences - Abstract
Correlation of adrenal steroids and alpha frequency in EEG
- Published
- 1966
4. The electronic conductivity mechanism in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glass-ceramics
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Murawski, B. Koscielska, R. J.Barcz, L., primary
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- 2000
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5. 77. Passive Sampler Method Development and Validation of a Multisolvent Mixture of 2-Butanone, Cyclohexanone, Heptane, Toluene, and Trichloroethylene
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Plese, M., primary, Zhao, Y., additional, Murawski, B., additional, Martens, S., additional, and Puskar, M., additional
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- 2000
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6. Safety of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrient solutions in humans
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Lowe, DK, primary, Benfell, K, additional, Smith, RJ, additional, Jacobs, DO, additional, Murawski, B, additional, Ziegler, TR, additional, and Wilmore, DW, additional
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- 1990
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7. A survey of psychotropic drug prescriptions in an oncology population.
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Derogatis, Leonard R., Feldstein, Michael, Melisaratos, Nick, Morrow, Gary, Schmale, Arthur, Schmitt, Madeline, Gates, Christopher, Murawski, Benjamin, Holland, Jimmie, Penman, Doris, Enelow, Allen J., Adler, Leta Mckinney, Derogatis, L R, Feldstein, M, Morrow, G, Schmale, A, Schmitt, M, Gates, C, Murawski, B, and Holland, J
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- 1979
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8. Mixed organic brain syndrome as a manifestation of systemic mastocytosis.
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Rogers, M P, Bloomingdale, K, Murawski, B J, Soter, N A, Reich, P, and Austen, K F
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- 1986
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9. Well-being of cancer survivors.
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Schmale, Arthur H., Morrow, Gary R., Schmitt, Madeline H., Adler, Leta M., Enelow, Alan, Murawski, Benjamin J., Gates, Christopher, Schmale, A H, Morrow, G R, Schmitt, M H, Adler, L M, Enelow, A, Murawski, B J, and Gates, C
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- 1983
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10. The impact of mastectomy on self-concept and social function: a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study with comparison groups.
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Penman DT, Bloom JR, Fotopoulos S, Cook MR, Holland JC, Gates C, Flamer D, Murawski B, Ross R, Brandt U, Muenz LR, and Pee D
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- 1986
11. A case of prolonged, reversible dementia associated with abuse of electroconvulsive therapy.
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REGESTEIN, QUENTIN R., MURAWSKI, BENJAMIN J., ENGLE, RALPH P., Regestein, Q R, Murawski, B J, and Engle, R P
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- 1975
12. Personality patterns in patients with diabetes mellitus of long duration.
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Murawski, Benjamin J., Chazan, Bernard I., Balodimos, Marios C., Ryan, Jerome R., Murawski, B J, Chazan, B I, Balodimos, M C, and Ryan, J R
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- 1970
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13. Relief of Sleep Apnea by Revision of the Adult Upper Airway: A Review of Clinical Experience
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Regestein, Q. R., primary, Ferber, R., additional, Johnson, T. S., additional, Murawski, B. J., additional, and Strome, M., additional
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- 1988
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14. Metabolic and psychologic studies associated with college rowing
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Hill, S.Richardson, primary, Fox, H.M., additional, Murawski, B., additional, Gray, S.J., additional, Marc, J.R.St., additional, and Thorn, G.W., additional
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- 1955
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15. Daily correlation of adrenal steroids and alpha frequency in the EEG: a demonstration.
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Murawski, B J, primary and Burns, S K, additional
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- 1966
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16. Correlations between Personality Structure and Adrenocortical Excretion Patterns in MZ Twins
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Fox, H. M., primary, Gifford, S., additional, Valenstein, A. F., additional, and Murawski, B. J., additional
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- 1970
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17. Safety of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrient solutions in humans
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Smith, R. J., Benfell, K., Jacobs, D. O., Lowe, D. K., Murawski, B., Wilmore, D. W., and Ziegler, T. R.
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HUMAN beings ,SAFETY - Published
- 1990
18. A scoping review of Australian nutrition resources for feeding children under 5 years of age.
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Billich N, Dix CF, Palmer J, Swyripa C, Murawski B, and Truby H
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- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Australia, Breast Feeding, Internet, Infant Formula, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Feeding Behavior
- Abstract
Introduction: This review identified and appraised Australian open-access online resources relating to feeding and nutrition during the first 5 years of life., Methods: Eligible resources were identified by hand searching plus a targeted search of pertinent source websites (government, hospitals and health services, peak bodies, and nutrition organisations) published in English with/without translations to other languages between 2012 and 2022. Search terms relating to the population (children) AND topic (nutrition OR feeding) were entered into Google and Bing. Critical appraisal of each resource was conducted using a modified version of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index., Results: The search identified 1327 nutrition resources, of which 1067 were appraised. Forty-five percent were paper-based resources, 47% were online content only, and 8% audio-visual resources. Almost half of the resources (45%) broadly addressed the 0-5 years age range, and 24% provided information on breast or formula feeding. Limited resources were found specifically addressing growth and development (5%) and introducing solids (8%). Only 10% of resources were culturally tailored and only 3% were translated into a language other than English. Appraisal showed the majority included visual cues and appropriate language, but less included images to support the main message of the resource., Discussion: Although there were a large volume of evidence-based nutrition resources available in Australia for feeding children under 5 years, they were highly dispersed and of varying quality. Collating and presenting these resources in an open-access resource hub would empower families and education and health professionals in the nutritional care of young children., (© 2024 The Authors. Nutrition & Dietetics published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Dietitians Australia.)
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- 2024
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19. Efficacy of an integrated program (PIA-2) to reduce the risk for problems related to eating, weight and body image in female adolescents from Argentina.
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Rutsztein G, Scappatura ML, Elizathe L, Leonardelli E, Murawski B, Lievendag L, Sanday J, Falivelli MBB, Bidacovich G, and Keegan E
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- Humans, Adolescent, Female, Argentina, Body Weight, Schools, Risk Factors, Body Image, Feeding and Eating Disorders prevention & control
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Objective: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an integrated program (PIA-2) to reduce the risk for problems related to eating, weight and body image in female adolescents from Argentina., Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted by comparing an experimental group versus a control group. The final sample included 509 girls aged 13-18 (M = 15.39 and SD = 1.30) from nine schools located in three geographical regions. They provided data at three assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up. Dependent variables included skipping breakfast, physical activity, eating disorder risk and thin-ideal internalization. The program was carried out in three 90-minute sessions within usual school hours, at 1-week intervals., Results: Participants who received the intervention decreased more than the control group in skipping breakfast month by month. However, a significant effect of the intervention was not found on physical activity, eating disorder risk, and thin-ideal internalization., Discussion: The presence of mixed findings shows the need to adjust the intervention to enhance the results. The importance of working jointly with other Latin American countries is emphasized, in order to promote the growth of the field of prevention, regarding cultural particularities shared by our societies., Public Significance: Integrated programs aimed at reducing risk factors for the entire spectrum of problems related to eating, weight and body image could lead to beneficial and more efficient effects. However, their development is still incipient in Latin America. PIA-2 Program, designed for female adolescents, produced positive results in one of the four variables studied, decreasing the weekly frequency of skipping breakfast among adolescents. This is pioneering research in Argentina and the region since very few studies on integrated prevention have been published in Latin America. It is crucial to continue with efforts aimed at developing programs that are suited to the specific needs of the population of Latin American countries. In this aspect, our study is undoubtedly an important contribution., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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20. Exploring the effect of a school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial to increase the scheduling of physical activity for primary school students on teachers' physical activity.
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Murawski B, Reilly KL, Hope K, Hall AE, Sutherland RL, Trost SG, Yoong SL, McCarthy N, Lecathelinais C, Wolfenden L, and Nathan NK
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- Australia, Exercise, Humans, Schools, Students, Health Promotion, School Health Services
- Abstract
Background: To determine if a school-based physical activity (PA) intervention that supported primary school teachers to schedule PA during school hours impacted their own PA., Methods: A 2x2 factorial group cluster-randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 12 Australian primary schools. The nine-month intervention supported classroom teachers to increase scheduled weekly PA for their class via physical education, sport, Energisers and integrated lessons. Teachers' PA (n = 76) was measured at follow-up only using accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X or GT9X). Linear mixed models were used to estimate between-group differences in teachers' mean minutes of sedentary, light, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) across the school day and during class-time., Results: At follow-up, there were non-significant between-group differences favouring intervention teachers, compared to controls, for light PA (4.9 minutes, 95% CI: -6.3, 16.0; P = .33) and MVPA (0.4 minutes, 95% CI: -10.9, 11.6; P = .94) across the school day; although not favouring the intervention for sedentary behaviour (5.1 minutes, 95% CI: -11.4, 21.7; P = .48). Similar patterns were seen during class-time for light PA and sedentary time, but not for MVPA., Conclusions: Supporting teachers with the scheduling of PA for their class may impact on their own PA. Fully powered studies are needed to better understand the impact of the intervention on teachers' PA., Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12616001228471 (http://www.anzctr.org.au/)., (© 2021 Australian Health Promotion Association.)
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- 2022
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21. Erratum to: Efficacy of an m-health physical activity and sleep intervention to improve sleep quality in middle-aged adults: The Refresh Study randomized controlled trial.
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Rayward AT, Plotnikoff RC, Murawski B, Vandelanotte C, Brown WJ, Holliday EG, and Duncan MJ
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- 2021
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22. Behavioural mediators of reduced energy intake in a physical activity, diet, and sleep behaviour weight loss intervention in adults.
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Fenton S, Burrows TL, Collins CE, Holliday EG, Kolt GS, Murawski B, Rayward AT, Stamatakis E, Vandelanotte C, and Duncan MJ
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Energy Intake, Exercise, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep, Diet, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Reduced energy intake is a major driver of weight loss and evidence suggests that physical activity, dietary, and sleep behaviours interact to influence energy intake. Energy restriction can be challenging to sustain. Therefore to improve intervention efficacy, evaluation of how changes in physical activity, diet, and sleep behaviours mediate reduced energy intake in adults with overweight/obesity who participated in a six-month multiple-behaviour-change weight loss intervention was undertaken. This was a secondary analysis of a 3-arm randomised controlled trial. Adults with body mass index (BMI) 25-40 kg/m
2 were randomised to either: a physical activity and diet intervention; physical activity, diet, and sleep intervention; or wait-list control. Physical activity, dietary intake, and sleep was measured at baseline and six-months using validated measures. The two intervention groups were pooled and compared to the control. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the mediated effects (AB Coefficient) of the intervention on total energy intake. One hundred and sixteen adults (70% female, 44.5y, BMI 31.7 kg/m2 ) were enrolled and 70% (n = 81) completed the six-month assessment. The significant intervention effect on energy intake at six-months (-1011 kJ/day, 95% CI -1922, -101) was partially mediated by reduced fat intake (AB = -761.12, 95% CI -1564.25, -53.74) and reduced consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (AB = -576.19, 95% CI -1189.23, -97.26). In this study, reducing fat intake and consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods was an effective strategy for reducing daily energy intake in adults with overweight/obesity at six-months. These strategies should be explicitly targeted in future weight loss interventions., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2021
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23. Development and psychometric testing of an instrument to assess psychosocial determinants of sleep hygiene practice.
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Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, and Duncan MJ
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- Humans, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Sleep Hygiene
- Abstract
This study examined the psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument to assess psychosocial determinants of sleep hygiene. Baseline data ( n = 160) from an m-health physical activity and sleep intervention were analyzed to examine scale validity. Additional participants ( n = 20) were recruited to compute test-retest reliability. Four of seven constructs correlated significantly with sleep hygiene practice ( r = -0.17 to -0.36). The scales generally displayed unidimensional component structures. Internal consistency was good to excellent ( α = 0.76-0.92). Test-retest reliability was good to excellent (ICC = 0.61-0.84). Though satisfactory, these findings warrant replication in larger samples.
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- 2021
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24. Efficacy of a Multi-Component m-Health Diet, Physical Activity, and Sleep Intervention on Dietary Intake in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
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Fenton S, Burrows TL, Collins CE, Rayward AT, Murawski B, and Duncan MJ
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Diet, Healthy, Eating, Exercise, Obesity therapy, Overweight therapy, Sleep physiology
- Abstract
This three-arm randomised controlled trial evaluated whether (1) a multi-component weight loss intervention targeting diet, physical activity (PA), and sleep was effective at improving dietary intake over six months and 12 months, compared with a control, and (2) the enhanced diet, PA, and sleep intervention was more effective at improving dietary intake than the traditional diet and PA intervention. A total of 116 adults (70% female, 44.5 years, BMI 31.7 kg/m
2 ) were randomised to either traditional diet and PA intervention; enhanced diet, PA, and sleep intervention; or wait-list control. To examine between-group differences, intervention groups were pooled and compared with the control. Then, the two intervention groups were compared. At six months, the pooled intervention group consumed 1011 fewer kilojoules/day (95% CI -1922, -101), less sodium (-313.2 mg/day; 95% CI -591.3, -35.0), and higher %EI from fruit (+2.1%EI; 95% CI 0.1, 4.1) than the controls. There were no differences in intake between the enhanced and traditional groups at six months. At 12 months, the pooled intervention and control groups reported no significant differences. However, compared to the traditional group, the enhanced reported higher %EI from nutrient-dense foods (+7.4%EI; 95% CI 1.3, 13.5) and protein (+2.4%EI; 95% CI 0.1, 4.6), and reduced %EI from fried/takeaway foods (-3.6%EI; 95% CI -6.5, -0.7), baked sweet products (-2.0%EI; 95% CI -3.6, -0.4), and packaged snacks (-1.1%EI; 95% CI -2.2, -0.3). This weight loss intervention reduced total energy and sodium intakes as well as increased fruit intake in adults at six months. The enhanced intervention group reported improved dietary intake relative to the traditional group at 12 months.- Published
- 2021
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25. Effect of a physical activity and sleep m-health intervention on a composite activity-sleep behaviour score and mental health: a mediation analysis of two randomised controlled trials.
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Duncan MJ, Rayward AT, Holliday EG, Brown WJ, Vandelanotte C, Murawski B, and Plotnikoff RC
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Australia, Fatigue, Humans, Male, Mediation Analysis, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sedentary Behavior, Self Report, Telemedicine methods, Young Adult, Exercise, Mental Health, Sleep
- Abstract
Background: To examine if a composite activity-sleep behaviour index (ASI) mediates the effects of a combined physical activity and sleep intervention on symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress, quality of life (QOL), energy and fatigue in adults., Methods: This analysis used data pooled from two studies: Synergy and Refresh. Synergy: Physically inactive adults (18-65 years) who reported poor sleep quality were recruited for a two-arm Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) (Physical Activity and Sleep Health (PAS; n = 80), or Wait-list Control (CON; n = 80) groups). Refresh: Physically inactive adults (40-65 years) who reported poor sleep quality were recruited for a three-arm RCT (PAS (n = 110), Sleep Health-Only (SO; n = 110) or CON (n = 55) groups). The SO group was omitted from this study. The PAS groups received a pedometer, and accessed a smartphone/tablet "app" using behaviour change strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning), with additional email/SMS support. The ASI score comprised self-reported moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, resistance training, sitting time, sleep duration, efficiency, quality and timing. Outcomes were assessed using DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, stress), SF-12 (QOL-physical, QOL-mental) and SF-36 (Energy & Fatigue). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months (primary time-point), and 6 months. Mediation effects were examined using Structural Equation Modelling and the product of coefficients approach (AB), with significance set at 0.05., Results: At 3 months there were no direct intervention effects on mental health, QOL or energy and fatigue (all p > 0.05), and the intervention significantly improved the ASI (all p < 0.05). A more favourable ASI score was associated with improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, QOL-mental and of energy and fatigue (all p < 0.05). The intervention effects on symptoms of depression ([AB; 95%CI] -0.31; - 0.60,-0.11), anxiety (- 0.11; - 0.27,-0.01), stress (- 0.37; - 0.65,-0.174), QOL-mental (0.53; 0.22, 1.01) and ratings of energy and fatigue (0.85; 0.33, 1.63) were mediated by ASI. At 6 months the magnitude of association was larger although the overall pattern of results remained similar., Conclusions: Improvements in the overall physical activity and sleep behaviours of adults partially mediated the intervention effects on mental health and quality of life outcomes. This highlights the potential benefit of improving the overall pattern of physical activity and sleep on these outcomes., Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12617000680369 ; ACTRN12617000376347 . Universal Trial number: U1111-1194-2680; U1111-1186-6588. Human Research Ethics Committee Approval: H-2016-0267; H-2016-0181.
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- 2021
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26. Patterns of physical activity, sitting time, and sleep in Australian adults: A latent class analysis.
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Duncan MJ, Oftedal S, Rebar AL, Murawski B, Short CE, Rayward AT, and Vandelanotte C
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- Adult, Aged, Australia epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Latent Class Analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Sedentary Behavior, Self Report, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology, Time Factors, Exercise psychology, Sitting Position, Sleep
- Abstract
Objective: To identify the patterns of activity, sitting and sleep that adults engage in, the demographic and biological correlates of activity-sleep patterns and the relationship between identified patterns and self-rated health., Design and Setting: Online panel of randomly selected Australian adults (n = 2034) completing a cross-sectional survey in October-November 2013., Participants: Panel members who provided complete data on all variables were included (n = 1532)., Measurements: Participants self-reported their demographic characteristics, height, weight, self-rated health, duration of physical activity, frequency of resistance training, sitting time, sleep duration, sleep quality, and variability in bed and wake times. Activity-sleep patterns were determined using latent class analysis. Latent class regression was used to examine the relationships between identified patterns, demographic and biological characteristics, and self-rated health., Results: A 4-class model fit the data best, characterized by very active good sleepers, inactive good sleepers, inactive poor sleepers, moderately active good sleepers, representing 38.2%, 22.2%, 21.2%, and 18.4% of the sample, respectively. Relative to the very active good sleepers, the inactive poor sleepers, and inactive good sleepers were more likely to report being female, lower education, higher body mass index, and lower self-rated health, the moderately active good sleepers were more likely to be older, report lower education, higher body mass index and lower self-rated health. Associations between activity-sleep pattern and self-rated health were the largest in the inactive poor sleepers., Conclusions: The 4 activity-sleep patterns identified had distinct behavioral profiles, sociodemographic correlates, and relationships with self-rated health. Many adults could benefit from behavioral interventions targeting improvements in physical activity and sleep., (Copyright © 2020 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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27. Examining mediators of intervention efficacy in a randomised controlled m-health trial to improve physical activity and sleep health in adults.
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Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, Lubans DR, Rayward AT, Brown WJ, Vandelanotte C, and Duncan MJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Efficacy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Exercise physiology, Sleep physiology, Telemedicine methods
- Abstract
Objectives: Examining mediators of intervention efficacy in an m-health intervention targeting physical activity and sleep in 160 Australian adults. Design: Nationwide randomised controlled trial. Main outcome measures: Moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), assessed using the Active Australia Questionnaire; sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index); and sleep hygiene practices (Sleep Hygiene Index). Hypothesised psychosocial (e.g. self-efficacy) and behavioural (i.e. MVPA, sleep quality, sleep hygiene) mediators were tested on primary endpoint data at 3 months using bias-corrected bootstrapping (PROCESS 2 for SPSS). All outcomes and mediators were assessed using self-report. Results: At three months, the intervention had significantly improved sleep quality ( d = 0.48, 95% CI: -2.26, -0.33, p = 0.009) and sleep hygiene ( d = 0.40, 95% CI: -3.10, -0.19, p = 0.027). Differences in MVPA were not significant ( d = 0.24, 95% CI: -35.53, 254.67, p = 0.139). Changes in MVPA were mediated by self-efficacy, perceived capability, environment, social support, intentions and planning, some of which showed inconsistent mediation (suppression). None of the hypothesised psychosocial factors mediated sleep outcomes. Changes in sleep hygiene mediated changes in sleep quality. Conclusions: Several psychosocial factors mediated changes in physical activity but not in sleep outcomes. Mediation effects of sleep hygiene on sleep quality highlight the importance of providing evidence-based strategies to improve sleep quality.
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- 2020
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28. Efficacy of a Multi-component m-Health Weight-loss Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
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Duncan MJ, Fenton S, Brown WJ, Collins CE, Glozier N, Kolt GS, Holliday EG, Morgan PJ, Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, Rayward AT, Stamatakis E, Vandelanotte C, and Burrows TL
- Subjects
- Accelerometry, Adult, Aged, Australia, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mobile Applications, New South Wales, Overweight therapy, Smartphone, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Diet, Exercise, Obesity therapy, Sleep, Telemedicine methods, Weight Loss
- Abstract
Background: This study compared the efficacy of two multi-component m-health interventions with a wait-list control group on body weight (primary outcome), and secondary outcomes of cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle behaviours, and mental health., Methods: Three-arm randomised controlled trial (Enhanced: physical activity, diet, sleep, Traditional: physical activity, diet, Control) with assessments conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Participants ( n = 116) were overweight or obese adults aged 19-65 (M = 44.5 [SD = 10.5]). The 6-month intervention was delivered via a smartphone app providing educational materials, goal-setting, self-monitoring and feedback, and also included one face-to-face dietary consultation, a Fitbit and scales. The trial was prospectively registered and conducted between May 2017 and September 2018. Group differences on primary and secondary outcomes were examined between the Pooled Intervention groups (Pooled Intervention = Enhanced and Traditional) and Control groups, and then between Enhanced and Traditional groups., Results: Nineteen participants (16.4%) formally withdrew from the trial. Compared with the Control group, average body weight of the Pooled Intervention group did not differ at 6 (between-group difference = -0.92, (95% CI -3.33, 1.48)) or 12 months (0.00, (95% CI -2.62, 2.62)). Compared with the Control group, the Pooled Intervention group significantly increased resistance training (OR = 7.83, (95% CI 1.08, 56.63)) and reduced energy intake at 6 months (-1037.03, (-2028.84, -45.22)), and improved insomnia symptoms at 12 months (-2.59, (-4.79, -0.39)). Compared with the Traditional group, the Enhanced group had increased waist circumferences (2.69, (0.20, 5.18)) and sedentary time at 6 months (105.66, (30.83, 180.48)), and improved bed time variability at 12 months (-1.08, (-1.86, -0.29)). No other significant differences were observed between groups., Conclusions: Relative to Controls, the Pooled Intervention groups did not differ on body weight but improved resistance training, and reduced energy intake and insomnia symptom severity. No additional weight loss was apparent when targeting improvements in physical activity, diet and sleep in combination compared with physical activity and diet.
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- 2020
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29. The Efficacy of Workplace Interventions on Improving the Dietary, Physical Activity and Sleep Behaviours of School and Childcare Staff: A Systematic Review.
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Nathan N, Murawski B, Hope K, Young S, Sutherland R, Hodder R, Booth D, Toomey E, Yoong SL, Reilly K, Tzelepis F, Taylor N, and Wolfenden L
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- Canada, Child, Child Care, Child, Preschool, Humans, Program Evaluation, Caregivers psychology, Diet, Healthy, Exercise physiology, Health Promotion methods, Sleep physiology, Workplace
- Abstract
There is a need for effective interventions that improve the health and wellbeing of school and childcare staff. This review examined the efficacy of workplace interventions to improve the dietary, physical activity and/or sleep behaviours of school and childcare staff. A secondary aim of the review was to assess changes in staff physical/mental health, productivity, and students' health behaviours. Nine databases were searched for controlled trials including randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials published in English up to October 2019. PRISMA guidelines informed screening and study selection procedures. Data were not suitable for quantitative pooling. Of 12,396 records screened, seven articles (based on six studies) were included. Most studies used multi-component interventions including educational resources, work-based wellness committees and planned group practice (e.g., walking groups). Multiple outcomes were assessed, findings were mixed and on average, there was moderate risk of bias. Between-group differences in dietary and physical activity behaviours (i.e., fruit/vegetable intake, leisure-time physical activity) favoured intervention groups, but were statistically non-significant for most outcomes. Some of the studies also showed differences favouring controls (i.e., nutrient intake, fatty food consumption). Additional robust studies testing the efficacy of workplace interventions to improve the health of educational staff are needed.
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- 2020
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30. Efficacy of an m-Health Physical Activity and Sleep Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality in Middle-Aged Adults: The Refresh Study Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Rayward AT, Murawski B, Duncan MJ, Holliday EG, Vandelanotte C, Brown WJ, and Plotnikoff RC
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mobile Applications, Survival Analysis, Time Factors, Exercise, Sleep, Telemedicine methods
- Abstract
Background: Poor sleep health is highly prevalent. Physical activity is known to improve sleep quality but not specifically targeted in sleep interventions., Purpose: To compare the efficacy of a combined physical activity and sleep intervention with a sleep-only intervention and a wait-list control, for improving sleep quality in middle-aged adults without a diagnosed sleep disorder., Methods: Three-arm randomized controlled trial (Physical Activity and Sleep Health (PAS), Sleep Health Only (SO), Wait-list Control (CON) groups; 3-month primary time-point, 6-month follow-up) of 275 (PAS = 110, SO = 110, CON = 55) inactive adults (40-65 years) reporting poor sleep quality. The main intervention component was a smartphone/tablet "app" to aid goal setting and self-monitoring physical activity and/or sleep hygiene behaviors (including stress management), and a pedometer for PAS group. Primary outcome was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score. Secondary outcomes included several self-reported physical activity measures and PSQI subcomponents. Group differences were examined stepwise, first between pooled intervention (PI = PAS + SO) and CON groups, then between PAS and SO groups., Results: Compared with CON, PI groups significantly improved PSQI global and subcomponents scores at 3 and 6 months. There were no differences in sleep quality between PAS and SO groups. The PAS group reported significantly less daily sitting time at 3 months and was significantly more likely to report ≥2 days/week resistance training and meeting physical activity guidelines at 6 months than the SO group., Conclusions: PIs had statistically significantly improved sleep quality among middle-aged adults with poor sleep quality without a diagnosed sleep disorder. The adjunctive physical activity intervention did not additionally improve sleep quality., Clinical Trial Information: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12617000680369; Universal Trial number: U1111-1194-2680; Human Research Ethics Committee, Blinded by request of journal: H-2016-0267., (© Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2020
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31. Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an m-Health Intervention Targeting Physical Activity, Diet, and Sleep Quality in Shift-Workers.
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Oftedal S, Burrows T, Fenton S, Murawski B, Rayward AB, and Duncan MJ
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- Adult, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telemedicine, Diet, Exercise, Health Behavior, Sleep
- Abstract
Poor health behaviors are prevalent in shift-workers, but few multiple health-behavior interventions consider their unique needs. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an existing app-based intervention to improve physical activity, diet, and sleep quality in a shift-worker population, (2) estimate intervention effect in a four-week pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ACTRN12618001785291). Shift-workers (18-65 years old) were randomized to intervention ( n = 20) or wait-list ( n = 20) groups. Outcomes included recruitment, engagement, attrition, usefulness ratings, System Usability Scale (SUS), qualitative interviews, and estimation of treatment effect (minutes of physical activity, diet quality, and sleep quality) using mixed model analysis. Recruitment took one week. App-use at week four was 55% (11/20), 85% (34/40) completed the four-week follow-up questionnaire, and 20% (4/20) of the intervention group completed the qualitative interview. The intervention was rated as slightly to moderately useful by 76.9% (10/13) of participants on a five-point scale. The SUS score was 62.7 (12.7) out of 100. Diet quality improved for the intervention (4.5 points; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1, 8.9; p = 0.047) vs. the wait-list group, but not physical activity or sleep quality. Qualitative interviews found that a more tailored intervention, more accessible information, and interactive features were desired. The intervention was feasible in terms of recruitment, but modifications to increase engagement are needed.
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- 2019
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32. Efficacy of an m-Health Physical Activity and Sleep Health Intervention for Adults: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, Rayward AT, Oldmeadow C, Vandelanotte C, Brown WJ, and Duncan MJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Report, Exercise, Health Promotion, Sleep, Telemedicine
- Abstract
Introduction: Interventions that improve both physical activity and sleep quality may be more effective in improving overall health. The purpose of the Synergy Study is to test the efficacy of a mobile health combined behavior intervention targeting physical activity and sleep quality., Study Design: Randomized, waitlist-controlled trial., Setting/participants: This study had an app-based delivery mode, Australia-wide. The participants were 160 adults who reported insufficient physical activity and poor sleep quality in an eligibility survey., Intervention: The intervention was a mobile app providing educational resources, goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback strategies. It included 12 weeks of personalized support including weekly reports, tool sheets, and prompts., Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3 months (primary), and 6 months (secondary endpoint). Self-reported minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and sleep quality were co-primary outcomes. Resistance training; sitting time; sleep hygiene; sleep timing variability; insomnia severity; daytime sleepiness; quality of life; and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were secondary outcomes. Data were collected between June 2017 and February 2018 and analyzed in August 2018., Results: At 3 months, between-group differences in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity were not statistically significant (p=0.139). Significantly more participants in the intervention group engaged in ≥2 days/week (p=0.004) of resistance training. The intervention group reported better overall sleep quality (p=0.009), subjective sleep quality (p=0.017), sleep onset latency (p=0.013), waketime variability (p=0.018), sleep hygiene (p=0.027), insomnia severity (p=0.002), and lower stress symptoms (p=0.032) relative to waitlist controls. At 6 months, group differences were maintained for sleep hygiene (p=0.048), insomnia severity (p=0.002), and stress symptoms (p=0.006). Differences were observed for bedtime variability (p=0.023), sleepiness (p<0.001), daytime dysfunction (p=0.039), and anxiety symptoms (p=0.003) at 6 months, but not 3 months., Conclusions: This remotely delivered intervention did not produce statistically significant between-group differences in minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Significant short-term differences in resistance training and short- and medium-term differences in sleep health in favor of the intervention were observed., Trial Registration: This study is registered at anzctr.org.au ACTRN12617000376347., (Copyright © 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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33. Consumer Understanding, Perception and Interpretation of Serving Size Information on Food Labels: A Scoping Review.
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Van der Horst K, Bucher T, Duncanson K, Murawski B, and Labbe D
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- Adolescent, Adult, Choice Behavior, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritive Value, Obesity epidemiology, Prevalence, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Comprehension, Consumer Behavior, Food Labeling, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Obesity prevention & control, Serving Size
- Abstract
The increase in packaged food and beverage portion sizes has been identified as a potential factor implicated in the rise of the prevalence of obesity. In this context, the objective of this systematic scoping review was to investigate how healthy adults perceive and interpret serving size information on food packages and how this influences product perception and consumption. Such knowledge is needed to improve food labelling understanding and guide consumers toward healthier portion size choices. A search of seven databases (2010 to April 2019) provided the records for title and abstract screening, with relevant articles assessed for eligibility in the full-text. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria, with relevant data extracted by one reviewer and checked for consistency by a second reviewer. Twelve studies were conducted in North America, where the government regulates serving size information. Several studies reported a poor understanding of serving size labelling. Indeed, consumers interpreted the labelled serving size as a recommended serving for dietary guidelines for healthy eating rather than a typical consumption unit, which is set by the manufacturer or regulated in some countries such as in the U.S. and Canada. Not all studies assessed consumption; however, larger labelled serving sizes resulted in larger self-selected portion sizes in three studies. However, another study performed on confectionary reported the opposite effect, with larger labelled serving sizes leading to reduced consumption. The limited number of included studies showed that labelled serving size affects portion size selection and consumption, and that any labelled serving size format changes may result in increased portion size selection, energy intake and thus contribute to the rise of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Research to test cross-continentally labelled serving size format changes within experimental and natural settings (e.g., at home) are needed. In addition, tailored, comprehensive and serving-size-specific food literacy initiatives need to be evaluated to provide recommendations for effective serving size labelling. This is required to ensure the correct understanding of nutritional content, as well as informing food choices and consumption, for both core foods and discretionary foods.
- Published
- 2019
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34. Prevention of eating disorders in argentine adolescents.
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Rutsztein G, Elizathe L, Murawski B, Scappatura ML, Lievendag L, and Custodio J
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- Adolescent, Argentina, Body Image psychology, Cognitive Dissonance, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thinness psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders prevention & control, Health Promotion, Mass Media
- Abstract
In the last few decades much effort has been devoted to developing prevention programs for eating disorders, as most individuals with these pathologies do not receive treatment and tend to become chronic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive dissonance and media literacy intervention aimed at preventing eating disorders in female adolescents. Eighty-eight female students (aged 12-17) from Argentina, participated in a 3-session program. Adolescents completed a baseline, post-intervention and a 6-month follow-up survey. A significant decrease in thin-ideal internalization, body image concerns, influence of advertising, drive for thinness and bulimic attitudes was found at post-intervention. In addition, the number of participants with disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors decreased at post-intervention. Results for body image concerns and drive for thinness were maintained at follow-up.
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- 2019
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35. Sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of insufficient sleep in Australian adults.
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Gordon S, Vandelanotte C, Rayward AT, Murawski B, and Duncan MJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Australia epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Self Report, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Diet psychology, Exercise psychology, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep Deprivation epidemiology
- Abstract
Objectives: Insufficient sleep is being increasingly recognized as a public health issue. There is a need to identify correlates of insufficient sleep to guide future preventative health interventions. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of frequent perceived insufficient sleep in the Australian population., Design: Pooled analyses of two cross-sectional, self-report national telephone surveys were conducted in 2015 (July-August) and 2016 (June-August)., Setting: Adults living in Australia., Participants: Data from participants (age 18 years and over) of both surveys were pooled for analysis (2015 n = 1041; 2016 n = 1170), with 2211 participants being included in the current study., Measurements: Participants self-reported their age, gender, education and employment level, language spoken at home, urbanization, chronic disease, and height and weight to calculate BMI. Self-reported physical activity, sitting time, smoking, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, fast food, alcohol and frequency of perceived insufficient sleep were also assessed. Binary logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between insufficient sleep (≥14 days out of 30), sociodemographic and behavioral variables., Results: The overall prevalence of insufficient sleep was 24%. Female gender, obesity, >8 h/d sitting time, smoking, and frequent consumption of fast food were positively associated with frequent insufficient sleep (P < .05). Higher levels of physical activity and being aged 51 years or older were negatively associated with frequent insufficient sleep (P < .05)., Conclusions: The sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics associated with frequent perceived insufficient sleep can be used to guide the development of future interventions to reduce sleep insufficiency., (Copyright © 2018 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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36. Examining the efficacy of a multicomponent m-Health physical activity, diet and sleep intervention for weight loss in overweight and obese adults: randomised controlled trial protocol.
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Duncan MJ, Brown WJ, Burrows TL, Collins CE, Fenton S, Glozier N, Kolt GS, Morgan PJ, Hensley M, Holliday EG, Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, Rayward AT, Stamatakis E, and Vandelanotte C
- Subjects
- Body Mass Index, Diet, Exercise, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Mobile Applications, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Self Efficacy, Obesity therapy, Overweight therapy, Sleep, Telemedicine, Weight Reduction Programs methods
- Abstract
Introduction: Traditional behavioural weight loss trials targeting improvements in physical activity and diet are modestly effective. It has been suggested that sleep may have a role in weight loss and maintenance. Improving sleep health in combination with physical activity and dietary behaviours may be one strategy to enhance traditional behavioural weight loss trials. Yet the efficacy of a weight loss intervention concurrently targeting improvements in physical activity, dietary and sleep behaviours remains to be tested., Methods and Analysis: The primary aim of this three-arm randomised controlled trial is to examine the efficacy of a multicomponent m-Health behaviour change weight loss intervention relative to a waitlist control group. The secondary aims are to compare the relative efficacy of a physical activity, dietary behaviour and sleep intervention (enhanced intervention), compared with a physical activity and dietary behaviour only intervention (traditional intervention), on the primary outcome of weight loss and secondary outcomes of waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, physical activity, diet quality and intake, sleep health, eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 6 months (primary endpoint) and 12 months (follow-up). The multicomponent m-Health intervention will be delivered using a smartphone/tablet 'app', supplemented with email and SMS and individualised in-person dietary counselling. Participants will receive a Fitbit, body weight scales to facilitate self-monitoring, and use the app to access educational material, set goals, self-monitor and receive feedback about behaviours. Generalised linear models using an analysis of covariance (baseline adjusted) approach will be used to identify between-group differences in primary and secondary outcomes, following an intention-to-treat principle., Ethics and Dissemination: The Human Research Ethics Committee of The University of Newcastle Australia provided approval: H-2017-0039. Findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, community presentations and student theses., Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12617000735358; UTN1111-1219-2050., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2018
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37. A randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of an m-health delivered physical activity and sleep intervention to improve sleep quality in middle-aged adults: The Refresh Study Protocol.
- Author
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Rayward AT, Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, Vandelanotte C, Brown WJ, Holliday EG, and Duncan MJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Humans, Middle Aged, Sleep Hygiene, Telemedicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Exercise, Mobile Applications, Sleep
- Abstract
Introduction: Poor sleep health is common and has a substantial negative health impact. Physical activity has been shown to improve sleep health. Many sleep interventions do not explicitly target physical activity, potentially limiting changes in activity and also sleep. Few intervention target those with poor sleep health but without a diagnosed disorder. This study aims to examine the efficacy of a combined physical activity and sleep intervention to improve sleep quality in middle-aged adults and its effect on physical activity, depression and quality of life., Methods: A three-arm randomised trial with a three-month primary time-point, will be conducted. Adults (N = 275) aged 40-65 years, who report physical inactivity and poor sleep quality, will be randomly allocated to either a combined Physical Activity and Sleep Health, a Sleep Health-Only or a Wait List Control group. The multi-component m-health intervention will be delivered using a smartphone/tablet "app", supplemented with email and SMS. Participants will use the app to access educational material, set goals, self-monitor and receive feedback about behaviours. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, three-month primary time-point and six-month follow-up. Generalized linear models using an ANCOVA (baseline-adjusted) approach, will be used to identify between-group differences in sleep quality, following an intention-to-treat principle., Discussion: This study will determine whether the addition of a physical activity intervention enhances the effectiveness of a sleep intervention to improve sleep quality, relative to a sleep-only intervention, in physically inactive middle-aged adults who report poor sleep health, but without a sleep disorder., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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38. The effect of the labelled serving size on consumption: A systematic review.
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Bucher T, Murawski B, Duncanson K, Labbe D, and Van der Horst K
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- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Portion Size psychology, Young Adult, Eating psychology, Feeding Behavior psychology, Food Labeling methods, Serving Size psychology
- Abstract
Guidance for food consumption and portion control plays an important role in the global management of overweight and obesity. Carefully conceptualised serving size labelling can contribute to this guidance. However, little is known about the relationship between the information that is provided regarding serving sizes on food packages and levels of actual food consumption. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate how serving size information on food packages influences food consumption. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence published between 1980 and March 2018. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and assessed relevant articles for eligibility in full-text. Five studies were considered eligible for the systematic review. In three of the included studies, changes in serving size labelling resulted in positive health implications for consumers, whereby less discretionary foods were consumed, if serving sizes were smaller or if serving size information was provided alongside contextual information referring to the entire package. One study did not find significant differences between the conditions they tested and one study suggested a potentially negative impact, if the serving size was reduced. The influence of labelled serving size on consumption of non-discretionary foods remains unclear, which is partially due to the absence of studies specifically focusing on non-discretionary food groups. Studies that investigate the impact of serving size labels within the home environment and across a broad demographic cross-section are required., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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39. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve sleep health in adults without sleep disorders.
- Author
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Murawski B, Wade L, Plotnikoff RC, Lubans DR, and Duncan MJ
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- Adult, Humans, Sleep Wake Disorders therapy, Behavior Therapy methods, Quality of Life, Sleep Hygiene
- Abstract
Many adults without a diagnosed sleep disorder report poor sleep health, which is defined by dissatisfactory levels of sleep duration, sleep quality, or the timing of sleep. No previous review has summarized and described interventions targeting poor sleep health in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy of behavioral and cognitive sleep interventions in adults with poor sleep health, who do not have a sleep disorder. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl) were searched with restrictions for age (18-64 y) and English language full-text, resulting in 18,009 records being screened and 592 full-texts being assessed. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, seven of which reported a measure of overall sleep health (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI]). Following appraisal for risk of bias, extracted data were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Meta-analyses showed interventions had a medium effect on sleep quality (Hedge's g = -0.54, [95% confidence interval (CI)] -0.90 to -0.19, p < 0.01). Baseline sleep health was the only significant effect moderator (p = 0.01). The most frequently used intervention components were stress management and relaxation practice, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, and exercise. Interventions targeting cognitive and behavioral self-regulation improve sleep quality in adults without clinical sleep disorder., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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40. Randomised controlled trial using a theory-based m-health intervention to improve physical activity and sleep health in adults: the Synergy Study protocol.
- Author
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Murawski B, Plotnikoff RC, Rayward AT, Vandelanotte C, Brown WJ, and Duncan MJ
- Subjects
- Australia, Behavior Therapy, Humans, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Research Design, Sedentary Behavior, Telemedicine methods, Exercise, Health Promotion methods, Mobile Applications, Sleep
- Abstract
Introduction: There is a need to reduce physical inactivity and poor sleep health in the adult population to decrease chronic disease rates and the associated burden. Given the high prevalence of these risk behaviours, effective interventions with potential for wide reach are warranted., Methods and Analysis: The aim of this two-arm RCT will be to test the effect of a three month personalised mobile app intervention on two main outcomes: minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity and overall sleep quality. In addition, between-group changes in health-related quality of life and mental health status will be assessed as secondary outcomes. The pre-specified mediators and moderators include social cognitive factors, the neighbourhood environment, health (BMI, depression, anxiety, stress), sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education) and app usage. Assessments will be conducted after three months (primary endpoint) and six months (follow-up). The intervention will provide access to a specifically developed mobile app, through which participants can set goals for active minutes, daily step counts, resistance training, sleep times and sleep hygiene practice. The app also allows participants to log their behaviours daily and view progress bars as well as instant feedback in relation to goals. The personalised support system will consist of weekly summary reports, educational and instructional materials, prompts on disengagement and weekly facts., Ethics and Dissemination: The Human Research Ethics Committee of The University of Newcastle, Australia granted full approval: H-2016-0181. This study will assess the efficacy of a combined behaviour intervention, mechanisms of behaviour change and gather high-quality process data, all of which will help refine future trials. Dissemination of findings will include publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at national or international conferences. Participants will receive a plain English summary report of results., Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12617000376347; Pre-results., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2018
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41. Activity Trackers Implement Different Behavior Change Techniques for Activity, Sleep, and Sedentary Behaviors.
- Author
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Duncan M, Murawski B, Short CE, Rebar AL, Schoeppe S, Alley S, Vandelanotte C, and Kirwan M
- Abstract
Background: Several studies have examined how the implementation of behavior change techniques (BCTs) varies between different activity trackers. However, activity trackers frequently allow tracking of activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors; yet, it is unknown how the implementation of BCTs differs between these behaviors., Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the number and type of BCTs that are implemented by wearable activity trackers (self-monitoring systems) in relation to activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors and to determine whether the number and type of BCTs differ between behaviors., Methods: Three self-monitoring systems (Fitbit [Charge HR], Garmin [Vivosmart], and Jawbone [UP3]) were each used for a 1-week period in August 2015. Each self-monitoring system was used by two of the authors (MJD and BM) concurrently. The Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy was used to assess the implementation of 40 BCTs in relation to activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors. Discrepancies in ratings were resolved by discussion, and interrater agreement in the number of BCTs implemented was assessed using kappa statistics., Results: Interrater agreement ranged from 0.64 to 1.00. From a possible range of 40 BCTs, the number of BCTs present for activity ranged from 19 (Garmin) to 33 (Jawbone), from 4 (Garmin) to 29 (Jawbone) for sleep, and 0 (Fitbit) to 10 (Garmin) for sedentary behavior. The average number of BCTs implemented was greatest for activity (n=26) and smaller for sleep (n=14) and sedentary behavior (n=6)., Conclusions: The number and type of BCTs implemented varied between each of the systems and between activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors. This provides an indication of the potential of these systems to change these behaviors, but the long-term effectiveness of these systems to change activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviors remains unknown., (©Mitch Duncan, Beatrice Murawski, Camille E Short, Amanda L Rebar, Stephanie Schoeppe, Stephanie Alley, Corneel Vandelanotte, Morwenna Kirwan. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (http://www.i-jmr.org/), 14.08.2017.)
- Published
- 2017
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42. Balanced: a randomised trial examining the efficacy of two self-monitoring methods for an app-based multi-behaviour intervention to improve physical activity, sitting and sleep in adults.
- Author
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Duncan MJ, Vandelanotte C, Trost SG, Rebar AL, Rogers N, Burton NW, Murawski B, Rayward A, Fenton S, and Brown WJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Behavior Therapy, Exercise, Mobile Applications, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep, Smartphone
- Abstract
Background: Many adults are insufficiently physically active, have prolonged sedentary behaviour and report poor sleep. These behaviours can be improved by interventions that include education, goal setting, self-monitoring, and feedback strategies. Few interventions have explicitly targeted these behaviours simultaneously or examined the relative efficacy of different self-monitoring methods., Methods/design: This study aims to compare the efficacy of two self-monitoring methods in an app-based multi-behaviour intervention to improve objectively measured physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours, in a 9 week 2-arm randomised trial. Participants will be adults (n = 64) who report being physically inactive, sitting >8 h/day and frequent insufficient sleep (≥14 days out of last 30). The "Balanced" intervention is delivered via a smartphone 'app', and includes education materials (guidelines, strategies to promote change in behaviour), goal setting, self-monitoring and feedback support. Participants will be randomly allocated to either a device-entered or user-entered self-monitoring method. The device-entered group will be provided with a activity tracker to self-monitor behaviours. The user-entered group will recall and manually record behaviours. Assessments will be conducted at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep-wake behaviours will be measured using the wrist worn Geneactiv accelerometer. Linear mixed models will be used to examine differences between groups and over time using an alpha of 0.01., Discussion: This study will evaluate an app-based multi-behavioural intervention to improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and the relative efficacy of two different approaches to self-monitoring these behaviours. Outcomes will provide information to inform future interventions and self-monitoring targeting these behaviours., Trial Registration: ACTRN12615000182594 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Registry URL: www.anzctr.org.au ; registered prospectively on 25 February 2015).
- Published
- 2016
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43. Focal brain dysfunction in a 41-year old man with familial alternating hemiplegia.
- Author
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Dangond F, Garada B, Murawski BJ, Rey-Casserly C, Holman BL, and Mikati MA
- Subjects
- Adult, Dominance, Cerebral physiology, Frontal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Hemiplegia diagnostic imaging, Hemiplegia physiopathology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation physiology, Parietal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Dominance, Cerebral genetics, Frontal Lobe blood supply, Hemiplegia genetics, Parietal Lobe blood supply, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Abstract
The acute pathophysiologic changes during hemiplegic spells and the long-term outcome of alternating hemiplegia remain obscure. In a 41-year-old male with familial alternating hemiplegia we found an increase in right frontal cerebral blood flow 3 h into a 5-h left hemiplegic episode. A repeat high-resolution brain SPECT study performed 26 h after the resolution of the left hemiplegia revealed normalization of the frontal blood flow accompanied by hyperperfusion in the right parietal lobe. An interictal SPECT scan several weeks later showed no asymmetries. Head CT and MRI scans were negative. Neuropsychologic assessment and neurologic examination revealed evidence of a diffuse disorder which predominantly involved the right hemisphere. To our knowledge, there are no previous correlative studies of serial high-resolution brain SPECT with MRI, or of detailed neuropsychologic assessment, in adult patients with such an advanced course of alternating hemiplegia of childhood.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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44. Daytime alertness in patients with primary insomnia.
- Author
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Regestein QR, Dambrosia J, Hallett M, Murawski B, and Paine M
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Alpha Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders physiopathology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders psychology, Wakefulness physiology, Arousal physiology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: In the absence of clear distinctions in alertness between patients with primary insomnia and normal subjects, the goal of this study was to identify psychometric and electrophysiological measures that would distinguish these two groups., Method: The daytime alertness of 20 primary insomnia patients and 20 normal subjects was investigated through their scores on a 26-item hyperarousal scale and measurement of auditory evoked potentials and alpha and nonalpha band EEG activity. Statistical analysis of the data included correlation of the hyperarousal scores and the electrophysiological measures., Results: The hyperarousal scores showed clearly higher daytime alertness in the insomnia patients compared with the normal subjects. In addition, during wakefulness, the insomnia patients showed greater amplitudes of P1N1, a durable, intrinsic, late (cortical) component of the auditory evoked potential, as well as greater EEG activity across the frequency spectrum. The hyperarousal scores correlated positively with the amplitude of P1N1 at each of three sound intensities., Conclusions: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to offer evidence that patients with primary insomnia have objectively definable features during wakefulness that clearly distinguish them from normal subjects. The measurement of hyperarousal might be used to refine descriptions of insomnia populations in experimental studies.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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45. I-123 iofetamine SPECT scan in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with cognitive and other minor neuropsychiatric symptoms: a pilot study.
- Author
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Rogers MP, Waterhouse E, Nagel JS, Roberts NW, Stern SH, Fraser P, Partridge R, Murawski B, Khoshbin S, and Holman BL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amphetamines, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders etiology, Female, Humans, Iodine Radioisotopes, Iofetamine, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic complications, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Mood Disorders diagnosis, Mood Disorders diagnostic imaging, Mood Disorders etiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Cognition Disorders diagnostic imaging, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lupus remains difficult, especially when the manifestations are of subtle cognitive and affective changes. This pilot study reports on the use of I-123 iofetamine single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scans in 18 such patients with documented systemic lupus erythematosus. Eight of the 18 scans were abnormal (44%), four in a diffuse bi-temporo-parietal pattern previously noted only in Alzheimer's disease, and four with large focal deficits. Neither the existence of the abnormal scan nor the particular pattern of abnormality correlated with the results of other diagnostic tests. These preliminary results raise the possibility that SPECT scans may offer an additional valuable diagnostic instrument in CNS lupus, although further studies are necessary to delineate their precise role.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
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46. Social support in health and illness: the concept and its measurement.
- Author
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Murawski BJ, Penman D, and Schmitt M
- Subjects
- Family, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Attitude to Health, Disease psychology, Social Facilitation
- Published
- 1978
47. Controlled comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: Veterans Administration multicenter study.
- Author
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Gutman RA, Blumenkrantz MJ, Chan YK, Barbour GL, Gandhi VC, Shen FH, Tucker T, Murawski BJ, Coburn JW, and Curtis FK
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Hemodialysis, Home, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
We measured mortality and morbidity among 114 patients assigned randomly to home hemodialysis (HD) and home intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). Data were collected during the time of home training and for 12 months after initiation of home dialysis. Training time was shorter for the IPD than for the HD patients (P less than 0.001) with median time 1.8 months for IPD and 3.9 months for HD. Switching to the alternative mode of treatment was more frequent for the IPD group (29/59 vs. 5/55, P less than 0.001). Survival time was not different, perhaps because of the modality change. More IPD patients were hospitalized in the first 6 months (20 for IPD vs. 9 for HD, P = 0.02), but they had fewer troublesome cardiovascular events in the first year (0 vs. 12, P less than 0.001). The HD patients maintained better nutritional status as reflected in body weight and arm muscle circumference and possibly in urea appearance rate. Thus, these data suggest that for most patients, IPD is a less satisfactory form of therapy than HD, but certain advantages of IPD did emerge. Applications of this information to the currently more popular mode of CAPD await further study.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Unrecognized organic mental disorders in survivors of cardiac arrest.
- Author
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Reich P, Regestein QR, Murawski BJ, DeSilva RA, and Lown B
- Subjects
- Adult, Depressive Disorder diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Heart Arrest psychology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurocognitive Disorders etiology, Neurocognitive Disorders psychology, Psychological Tests, Time Factors, Wechsler Scales, Heart Arrest complications, Neurocognitive Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Long-term survivors of cardiac arrest may suffer from mild cerebral impairment manifested primarily by personality changes and behavioral symptoms that can be mistaken for emotional responses to illness. The authors report six cases that illustrate the clinical problem of differentiating depression from organic brain dysfunction in this population. The diagnosis is facilitated by observation over time and by information from the spouse on baseline and current function. Chronicity, dysinhibition, apathy, and disturbances of judgment and insight indicate cerebral dysfunction. The accurate diagnosis of cerebral impairment after cardiac arrest is essential to the rehabilitation process.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Development of brief measures of psychological adjustment to medical illness applied to cancer patients.
- Author
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Morrow GR, Feldstein M, Adler LM, Derogatis LR, Enelow AJ, Gates C, Holland J, Melisaratos N, Murawski BJ, Penman D, Schmale A, Schmitt M, and Morse I
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Clinical Competence, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Psychological Tests, Adaptation, Psychological, Neoplasms psychology, Social Adjustment
- Abstract
The interrater reliability and validity of brief interview rated measures of psychosocial adjustment were examined in four sequential studies. A total of 25 videotaped interviews with cancer patients were rated by 105 social workers, nurses, physicians, and specialists in psychosocial oncology. The Rating of Psychosocial Function (RPF), Coping Adequacy Rating (CAR), and Global Adjustment to Illness Scale (GAIS) were used by various rating groups with an indication of interrater agreement. Agreement on ratings was not influenced by the length of interview (15 vs. 30 minutes) but appeared to the affected by the structure of the interview and profession of the raters. All three instruments showed a measure of matching with clinical impressions in addition to demonstrating a measure of both convergent and divergent construct validation. The GAIS was chosen as most adequately reflecting their clinical impression by a majority of raters. With a degree of training, any of the three instruments could be used to assess psychosocial adjustment with some measure of confidence in the validity of the rating.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. An unusual adverse reaction to self-medication with prednisone: an irrational crime during a fugue-state.
- Author
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Gifford S, Murawski BJ, Kline NS, and Sachar EJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Amnesia chemically induced, Asthma drug therapy, Central Nervous System drug effects, Conflict, Psychological, Euphoria drug effects, Fantasy, Humans, Identity Crisis, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Personality drug effects, Stress, Psychological, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Criminal Psychology, Dissociative Disorders chemically induced, Prednisone adverse effects, Self Medication adverse effects
- Abstract
During five years of self-medication with Prednisone, a forty-one-year old asthmatic businessman experienced periods of euphoria, psychomotor hyperactivity, and poor judgement; a period of depression and anxiety during temporary steroid withdrawal; and finally, with resumption of Prednisone, episodes of grandiosity and bizarre fugue-like behavior, with adoption of a second identity and culminating in an irrational crime. Steroids were then withdrawn, and the patient resumed his premorbid personality, but had amnesia for much of his previous behavior. The literature on hysterical fugues and corticosteroid-induced mental disturbance is reviewed. The patient's reactions are analyzed in terms of his premorbid neurotic conflicts, the psychological stresses acting upon him, and the effects of Prednisone on his central nervous system.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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