9 results on '"Muratori DS"'
Search Results
2. Clinical, immunological and virological evaluation of combined therapy with NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) versus PI (protease inhibitors) in antiviral-naive HIV patients: Preliminary results
- Author
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Muratori, Ds, Mezzaroma, Ivano, Cascioli, C, Cunsolo, G, Fantini, R, Mollicone, B, Sacco, G, and Aiuti, Fernando
- Published
- 2000
3. Functional bone marrow analysis in HIV-1+ patients pre- and post-HAART
- Author
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Isgro, A, DE VITA, L, Mezzaroma, Ivano, Muratori, Ds, Alario, C, Franchi, Fabrizio, Cunsolo, G, Pinter, Elena, and Aiuti, Fernando
- Published
- 2000
4. Lymphomononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients spontaneously produce high levels of oncostatin M, tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta, and interferon gamma.
- Author
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Ensoli F, Fiorelli V, Lugaresi A, Farina D, De Cristofaro M, Collacchi B, Muratori DS, Scala E, Di Gioacchino M, Paganelli R, and Aiuti F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines blood, Female, Humans, Interferon-gamma analysis, Interferon-gamma blood, Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Lymphotoxin-alpha analysis, Lymphotoxin-alpha blood, Male, Oncostatin M, Peptides blood, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Cytokines analysis, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Multiple Sclerosis immunology, Peptides analysis
- Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are deemed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sderosis (MS). They provide signals for T-cell activation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the brain and might directly alter neuroglial and neuronal cell survival and function. We found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patents spontaneously produce high levels of TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma, and oncostatin M (oncM), a proinflammatory cytokine actng on cells of neural, vascular, hematopoietic, and lymphoid origin. Spontaneous production of these cytokines was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in PBMC short-term culture supernatants from MS patients than in blood donors (HC). On average, lectin-induced production of these cytokines by PBMC was higher in MS patents than in HC significantly so only for TNFalpha (p = 0.013). Determination of TNFalpha, TNFbeta IFNgamma, and oncM in corresponding sera showed that on average, oncM levels were higher in MS patients than in HC, though the results were not statistically significant whereas levels of TNFalpha, TNFbeta and IFNgamma were below the assay threshold in most patients. The finding that MS PBMCs are primed in vivo to produce and release high levels of proinflammatory cytokines suggests the presence of a basal activation of the immune system which, in turn, may play a role in the complex circuitry of molecular and cellular interactions responsible for neurologic damage in MS.
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- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Role of immune-derived diffusible mediators in AIDS-associated neurological disorders.
- Author
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Ensoli F, Fiorelli V, De Cristofaro M, Muratori DS, Novi A, Isgrò A, and Aiuti F
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- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome complications, Diffusion, Humans, Nervous System Diseases complications, Neuroglia immunology, Neurons immunology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology, Brain immunology, HIV-1 immunology, Nervous System Diseases immunology, Neurotoxins biosynthesis
- Abstract
Neurologic abnormalities are common in HIV-1 infected patients and often represent the dominant clinical manifestation of pediatric AIDS. Although the neurological dysfunction has been directly related to CNS invasion by HIV-1, the pathogenesis of neurologic disorders remains unclear. This review will first discuss the spectrum of potential interactions between HIV-1 and neural (neuronal and glial) cells, in the face of experimental data. Next, we will focus on the role of immune-derived cytokines and other soluble compounds which have been proposed to act as neurotoxic mediators and appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated neurodegeneration.
- Published
- 2000
6. Clinical and immunologic response without decrease in virus load in patients with AIDS after 24 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
- Author
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Mezzaroma I, Carlesimo M, Pinter E, Muratori DS, Di Sora F, Chiarotti F, Cunsolo MG, Sacco G, and Aiuti F
- Subjects
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections prevention & control, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome mortality, Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes cytology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections immunology, HIV Infections mortality, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV-1 drug effects, HIV-1 genetics, Humans, Logistic Models, Lymphocyte Count drug effects, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral blood, RNA, Viral drug effects, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Survival Analysis, T-Lymphocytes cytology, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Viral Load
- Abstract
This study reports an analysis of clinical, virological, and immunologic outcomes in a cohort of 77 multidrug-experienced AIDS patients during 24 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Our results have shown a reduced risk of AIDS complications, prolonged survival, and immunologic benefit even in the absence of sustained virus suppression. The degree of immunodepression, the risk factors for HIV-1 infection, the use of 2 drugs instead of 3, and a change in protease inhibitor were independently correlated with virological failure. In the majority of studied patients, an increase in CD4+ T cells was observed after HAART. However, the increase was more pronounced in patients who showed a decrease in virus load than in those who did not. Moreover, we observed an absence of relapses among patients who permanently discontinued prophylaxis for Cytomegalovirus retinitis and atypical mycobacterial infections. Peripheral lipodystrophy developed in the majority of patients, regardless of treatment used and virological outcome.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression and beta-chemokine production during early T cell repopulation induced by highly active anti-retroviral therapy.
- Author
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Giovannetti A, Ensoli F, Mazzetta F, De Cristofaro M, Pierdominici M, Muratori DS, Fiorelli V, and Aiuti F
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Antigens, CD immunology, Antigens, CD metabolism, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes drug effects, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Chemokine CCL3, Chemokine CCL4, Chemokine CCL5 biosynthesis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Flow Cytometry, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections immunology, Humans, Lectins pharmacology, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins biosynthesis, Male, Middle Aged, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Time Factors, Viral Load, Chemokines, CC biosynthesis, HIV Infections metabolism, Receptors, CCR5 biosynthesis, Receptors, CXCR4 biosynthesis, T-Lymphocytes metabolism
- Abstract
Expression of chemokine receptors and beta-chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined in HIV-1-infected individuals before and after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and their relationship to viral load, T cell phenotype and the expression of immunological activation markers was examined. We found that the expression of CCR5 is up-regulated in HIV-1-infected individuals while CXCR4 appears down-regulated on both CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with normal controls. These alterations are associated with the high levels of viral load. In addition, a relationship was observed between the degree of immune activation and chemokine receptor expression on T cells. However, after 3 months of combined anti-retroviral regimen, expression of CXCR4 significantly increased while CCR5 decreased when compared with pretherapy determinations. This was seen in strict association with a dramatic decrease of viral load and an increase of both CD45RA+/CD62L+ (naive) and CD45RA-/CD62L+ or CD45RA+/CD62L- (memory) T cells accompanied by a significant decrease of the expression of immune activation markers such as HLA-DR and CD38. At enrolment, both spontaneous and lectin-induced RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta production by PBMC were higher in HIV-1-infected individuals compared with normal controls, although differences for MIP-1beta were not statistically significant. However, RANTES and MIP-1alpha production decreased during HAART at levels closer to that determined with normal controls, while MIP-1beta production was less consistently modified. These data indicate that the expression of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and the production of beta-chemokines are altered in HIV-infected individuals, and suggest that their early modifications during HAART reflect both the peripheral redistribution of naive/memory T cell compartments and the decrease in levels of T cell activation. Such modifications in the expression of host determinants of viral tropism and the production of anti-viral molecules may play a role in the emergence of virus variants when a failure of HAART occurs.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Long-term evaluation of T-cell subsets and T-cell function after HAART in advanced stage HIV-1 disease.
- Author
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Mezzaroma I, Carlesimo M, Pinter E, Alario C, Sacco G, Muratori DS, Bernardi ML, Paganelli R, and Aiuti F
- Subjects
- Adult, Antigen Presentation, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, Immunologic Memory, Indinavir therapeutic use, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral blood, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Ritonavir therapeutic use, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections immunology, HIV-1 physiology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, T-Lymphocytes immunology
- Abstract
Objectives: Evaluation of immunological reconstitution after 2 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in AIDS patients., Design: Previous data showed the effectiveness of HAART but conflicting evidence of immune reconstitution has been found in severely immunocompromised patients. Therefore, T-cell subsets and functions were analysed during 24 months of HAART in 21 AIDS patients (mean baseline CD4 cell count, 20 x 10(6)/l)., Methods: Subjects were tested at baseline and after 4, 12 and 24 months of therapy for clinical symptoms and the following investigations were carried out: plasma HIV RNA, T-cell subsets and lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin, anti-CD3), and recall antigens (Candida mannoprotein, tetanus toxoid and recombinant glycoprotein 160)., Results: Increase in body weight, improvement of Karnofsky's score and reduction of opportunistic infections were observed. All patients showed an initial increase in the CD4 memory subset, whereas naive CD4 cells consistently increased only after 1 year. The magnitude of immune recovery was stronger in patients showing a significant reduction in viral load. However seven out of 21 patients who did not reach a sustained suppression of viral load showed also an increase in T-cell subsets. The majority of patients recovered lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens, whereas only four subjects showed a functional response to Candida mannoprotein. No patients showed a response to HIV recombinant glycoprotein 160 or tetanus toxoid., Conclusions: The immune recovery observed is slower and not complete in severely immunocompromised patients. Our data suggest that HAART may be continued also in the absence of a significant HIV RNA decrease if alternative drugs are not available.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Immune-derived cytokines in the nervous system: epigenetic instructive signals or neuropathogenic mediators?
- Author
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Ensoli F, Fiorelli V, Muratori DS, De Cristofaro M, Vincenzi L, Topino S, Novi A, Luzi G, and Sirianni MC
- Subjects
- Animals, Central Nervous System pathology, Cytokines physiology, Humans, Neurodegenerative Diseases etiology, Neurodegenerative Diseases pathology, Central Nervous System immunology, Cytokines immunology, Neurodegenerative Diseases immunology, Signal Transduction immunology
- Abstract
The investigation of the effects of inflammatory cytokines (IC) on the growth and differentiation of neural cells has provided new insights on the role of such soluble mediators in nervous system development and/or plastic remodeling as well as in the pathogenesis of inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders, which are characterized by chronic IC dysregulation in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, the study of the interaction between CNS and immune-derived soluble signals in physiological or pathological conditions is of increasing interest. This review first discusses experimental evidence supporting the instructive/permissive role of immune-derived cytokines on CNS development and plasticity. Next, we focus on human neurological disease states such as multiple sclerosis and the neurodegeneration associated to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in which different inflammatory cytokines have been proposed as potential neuropathogenic mediators.
- Published
- 1999
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