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Objective: Candidiasis" is the predominant fungal infection that occurs invasively and opportunistically in individuals with compromised immune systems. Febrile neutropenia patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy due to malignancy, especially acute leukemia and stem cell transplantation are at greater risk among many others. In this study, it was aimed to search for Candida DNA to make an early diagnosis by using PCR method Materials & Method: This prospective study was conducted in Pediatric Hematology Transplantation Clinic of Akdeniz University. The study enrolled 78 patients with malignancies and candidiasis infection who were experiencing febrile neutropenia. The febrile neutropenic episodes were identified prospectively by monitoring the daily leukocyte counts and fever symptoms of the patients. Results: Candida was grown in the blood cultures of seven (9%) of the febrile neutropenic patients included in the study. All of the breeding Candidas were C.albicans. The underlying primary diagnosis of 6 (85.7%) of the febrile neutropenic patients with reproduction was hematological malignancy, while the underlying primary diagnosis of one (12.5%) was solid malignancy (Neuroblastoma). PCR detected Candida DNA in 9% of Febrile Neutropenic patients. C.albicans was grown in the blood cultures of all patients with Candida DNA. Conclusion: As a result, The conclusion drawn was that in cases where candidemia is suspected, particularly in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies who are immuno-compromised and at high risk of mortality, rapid and accurate diagnosis using Candida PCR with high sensitivity and specificity is necessary.

Objective: Respiratory viruses are a global public health problem, and viruses cause up to 80% of respiratory infections. This study aimed to elucidate the viral respiratory tract factors and the frequency of coinfections in the newborn and pediatric age groups determined by the molecular respiratory tract panel (MRTP) kit. Materials & Method: The results of the respiratory tract panel test with the molecular multiplex method were applied to 1486 newborn and pediatric patients between 01.10.2020 and 30.04.2022 to determine the viral respiratory tract factors were analyzed retrospectively. The Multiplex RT – PCR test confirmed results were recorded from the hospital database under the supervision of a microbiologist, negative and positive controls were evaluated, and test was validated. Results: Clinical virology laboratory test results were scanned and at least one respiratory tract virus was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of 499 (33.6%) patients. A total of 634 viruses were detected in 499 NS-positive samples. The most commonly detected viral pathogens were parainfluenza – 3 (36.9%, n=184), respiratory syncytial virus (22.8%, n=114), human rhinovirus (19.2%, n=96), SARS-CoV-2 (12.6%, n=63), and human bocavirus (10.8%, n=54) respectively. Conclusion: In this research, we tried to elaborate the accuracy of molecular multiplex method and the respiratory tract panel test to determine the respiratory factors in newborn and pediatric age group patients. The logic behind this lies beneath the fact that diagnosing with a kit that can detect both single and multiple factors causing coinfection can be performed simultaneously.

Endüstri toplumlarındaki sanayi bölgelerinin ve günümüzdeki terör ve benzeri eylemlerdeki Kimyasal, Biyolojik, Radyolojik ve Nükleer (KBRN) ajanların tehditleri bilinmektedir. Bunlara karşı alınacak tedbirler ve bilinmesi gereken güncel bilgiler her geçen gün afet yönetiminin önemini artırmaktadır. KBRN menşeli zararlanmalar afet yönetimi içinde değerlendirilmeli risk yönetimi ve kriz yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarında KBRN farkındalık düzeyini, uygulama ve eğitime ihtiyaç duyulan konuların belirlenmesidir. Çalışma grubu Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekibi (UMKE) üyesi olan ve yönetimi Kütahya’da bulunan Uluslararası Medikal Kurtarma Ekipleri Derneği (UMKE-DER) sağlık personelinden oluştu. Araştırmacılar tarafından 20’si bilgi, 23’ü uygulama ve eğitim ihtiyacını belirlemeye yönelik 43 sorudan oluşan KBRN farkındalık anketi geliştirildi. Anketin iç tutarlılık ölçüsü Cronbach alfa ile 0,816 olarak hesaplandı. ‘KBRN farkındalık anketi’ bilgi sorularına ve önermelerine verilen cevaplarda doğru cevaplara 2, yanlış cevaplara 1 puan verilerek toplam puan hesaplandı. Anketin bu bölümünde alınabilecek puan 20-40 arasında değişmekte olup, 35 puan ve daha düşük değer alanların bilgi düzeyi yetersiz kabul edildi. Çalışma grubu 108 kişiden oluşmaktaydı; yaşlar 20-57 arasında değişmekte olup yaş ortalamaları (SS) 32,53 (8,29) yıldı. Doğru cevapların yüzdesi %34-99 arasında değişmekteydi. Anketten alınan toplam puanlar 29 ile 40 arasında değişmekte olup ortalaması (SD) 36,72(0,21), ortanca 37,0 idi. Bilgi sorularına göre çalışma grubunun %73,1’i (79) yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahipken %26,9’u (29) yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahip değildi. “KBRN konusunda herhangi bir eğitime katıldınız mı?” sorusuna hekimlerden sadece biri, hemşire ve sağlık memurlarının 46’sı (%68,7), acil sağlık çalışanlarının 8’i (%72,7) ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarının 12’si (%54,5) “evet” cevabı vermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda afet yönetimi ve KBRN konusunda yeterince bilgi ve farkındalık bulunmadığından her meslek grubundaki sağlık çalışanlarında eğitimlerin verilmesinin uygun olacağı kanaatine varılmıştır., The threats of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents in industrial zones in industrial societies and in terrorist and similar acts today are known. Measures to be taken against these and updated information that should be known increase the importance of disaster management day by day. Damages originating from CBRN should be evaluated in terms of risk management and crisis management within disaster management. The aim of the study is to determine the level of CBRN awareness in healthcare workers, and the issues that need practice and training. The working group consisted of the health personnel of the International Medical Rescue Teams Association (IMRT-Association), a member of the National Medical Rescue Team (NMRT), and was managed in Kütahya. A CBRN awareness questionnaire was developed by the researchers, consisting of 43 questions, 20 of which were aimed at identifying the need for knowledge, 23 for practice and training. The internal consistency measure of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.816 with Cronbach's alpha. The total score was calculated by giving 2 points to correct answers and 1 point to incorrect answers in the answers given to the 'CBRN awareness questionnaire' information questions and propositions. The score that can be obtained in this part of the questionnaire varies between 20 and 40, and the knowledge level of those with a score of 35 or less was considered insufficient. The study group consisted of 108 people; The ages ranged from 20 to 57 years and the mean age (SD) was 32.53 (8.29) years. The percentage of correct answers ranged from 34-99%. The total scores obtained from the questionnaire ranged from 29 to 40, with a mean (SD) of 36.72(0.21) and a median of 37.0. According to the knowledge questions, 73.1% (79) of the study group had sufficient knowledge, while 26.9% (29) did not have sufficient knowledge. “Have you attended any training on CBRN?” Only one of the physicians, 46 (68.7%) of the nurses, and health officers, 8 (72.7%) of the emergency health workers, and 12 (54.5%) of the other health workers answered “yes” to the question. As a result of the study, it was concluded that since there is not enough information and awareness about disaster management and CBRN, it would be appropriate to give training to health workers in every occupational group.

Fucose is a signaling carbohydrate that is attached at the end of glycan processing. It is involved in a range of processes, such as the selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion or pathogen-receptor interactions. Mass-spectrometric techniques, which are commonly used to determine the structure of glycans, frequently show fucose-containing chimeric fragments that obfuscate the analysis. The rearrangement leading to these fragments – often referred to as fucose migration – has been known for more than 25 years, but the chemical identity of the rearrangement product remains unclear. In this work, we combine ion-mobility spectrometry, radical-directed dissociation mass spectrometry, cryogenic-ion IR spectroscopy, and density-functional theory calculations to deduce the product of the rearrangement in the model trisaccharides Lewis x and blood group H2. The structural search yields the fucose moiety attached to the galactose with an α(1 → 6) glycosidic bond as the most likely product.

Poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) nanofiber membranes were prepared using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent. Crystallization and conformation of PEN nanofibers were characterized for the first time by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. SEM micrographs revealed that the size and uniformity of nanofibers depended on the PEN concentration in HFIP solution. DSC results showed that cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) decreased and the crystallinity of PEN nanofibers increased with increasing the concentration of spinning PEN/HFIP solution. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies showed that PEN nanofibers formed metastable β-crystals during electrospinning due to the fast evaporation of a solvent, while the concentration of spinning solution did not affect the crystal form of as-prepared PEN nanofibers. Upon annealing of PEN nanofiber membranes above 140 °C, metastable β-crystals were transformed into the thermodynamically most stable α-crystals. Our polarized FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed that no molecular orientation was developed when fibers were collected randomly.

Cancer poses a world-wide healthcare problem, demanding selective and effective therapy protocols. To address that, a vast amount of therapeutic candidates are being investigated in the field of medicinal chemistry. Accordingly, indole-benzimidazole structures have recently gained considerable interest because of their anticancer properties and estrogen receptor (ER) modulatory actions. In this study, novel methylsulfonyl indole-benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized upon substitution of respectively the first (R-1) and fifth (R-2) positions of benzimidazole and indole groups. Structure and activity relationships were then studied via(1)H NMR, C-13 NMR, mass spectral and in silico docking analyses, as well as cell viability measurements. We found that the compounds exhibited substantial affinity levels towards ER alpha (ER alpha). In addition, the correlation analysis of cytotoxicity profiles between ethyl- and methyl-sulfonyl indole-benzimidazoles revealed a collection of effective and consistent R-1 and R-2 substitutions. However, for some candidate derivatives, distinctive cytotoxicity levels and varying viability versus ER alpha affinity correlations were observable across the studies, suggesting that the sulfonyl side chain modifications themselves can also influence the ER alpha binding levels. These results demonstrated that our novel methylsulfonyl indole-benzimidazole derivatives, similar to their ethylsulfonyl counterparts, exhibit anticancer effects with potential estrogen receptor modulatory actions.

Kalkınma süreçlerinde ortaya çıkan bölgelerarası farklılıklar yapılan çalışmala-rın uygulama alanlarını sürekli sınırlamaktadır. Bunun doğal sonucu kalkınma politikaları, ulusal alandan bölgesel ve hatta yerel alanlara doğru bir seyir izlemektedir. Kalkınma ajansları kamu ve özel sektör ile birlikte sivil toplum kuruluşlarıyla da iş birliği içerisinde olup bölgenin sosyo-ekonomik yapısını geliştirmek ve bölgesel farklılıkların giderilmesini sağlamak amacıyla faaliyetle-rini sürdürmektedir. Kalkınma ajanslarının Türkiye’de girişimcilik ve istihdam gibi birçok konuda özellikle sosyo-kültürel engellerle karşılaşan dezavantajlı gruplardan biri olan kadınlara yönelik önemli yerel bazlı çalışmaları da bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kalkınma ajanslarının kuruluş süreci, amaçları, hukuksal boyutu, finansal kaynakları, Türkiye’de kadın işgücüne katılım konu başlıkları ele alınmış, kadınlara pozitif yönde getiri sağlamaya yönelik desteklenen faaliyet ve projeler Doğu Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı (DOKA) özelinde ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenmiştir. Differences between regions that arise in development processes constantly limit in the application areas of the studies. As a natural result, development policies follow a path from national to regional even local areas. Development agencies, in cooperation with public and private sector with non-governmental organizations, make their activities in order to develop the region’s socio-economic structure and eliminate regional differences. Development agencies have some important local works towards women as one of the disadvantageous groups who face especially socio-cultural barriers in many issues such as entrepreneurship and employment. In this study, the founding, aims, legal aspects, financial sources of development agencies and female contribution toworkforce in Turkey are reviewed and activities and projects made towards gaining women positive earnings are examined with a particular regard to Black Sea Development Agency (WBDA).

Indole-benzimidazoles have recently gained attention due to their antiproliferative and antiestrogenic effects. However, their structural similarities and molecular mechanisms shared with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet been investigated. In this study, we synthesized novel ethylsulfonyl indole-benzimidazole derivatives by substituting the first (R1) and fifth (R2) positions of benzimidazole and indole groups, respectively. Subsequently, we performed 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectral and in silico docking analyses, and anticancer activity screening studies of these novel indole-benzimidazoles. The antiproliferative effects of indolebenzimidazoles were found to be more similar between the estrogen (E2) responsive cell lines MCF-7 and HEPG2 in comparison to the Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-) cell line MDA-MB-231. R1:p-fluorobenzyl group members were selected as lead compounds for their potent anticancer effects and moderate structural affinity to ER. Microarray expression profiling and gene enrichment analyses (GSEA) of the selected compounds (R1:p-fluorobenzyl: 48, 49, 50, 51; R1:3,4-difluorobenzyl: 53) helped determine the similarly modulated cellular signaling pathways among derivatives. Moreover, we identified known compounds that have significantly similar gene signatures to that of 51 via queries performed in LINCS database; and further transcriptomics comparisons were made using public GEO datasets (GSE35428, GSE7765, GSE62673). Our results strongly demonstrate that these novel indole-benzimidazoles can modulate ER target gene expression as well as dioxin-mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor and amino acid deprivation-mediated integrated stress response signaling in a dose-dependent manner.

The reanimation of both upper and lower paralytic eyelids requires dynamic procedures for longevity of correction. Temporalis muscle ensures the criteria for reanimation and is used widely as a result. Many modifications were described to improve the success of the classical technique. One of these modifications was reported by the senior author in 1999. Twice as much muscle mass (in thickness) to the upper eyelid than the lower was taken and passed submuscu-larly 5 to 6 mm away from the limbus and a thinner split was passed subcutaneously beneath the lower cilia. The aim of this study was to present the outcomes of the technique after 38 operations with 37 patients and to describe deep temporalis musculofascial-fatty flap to recover depression of temporalis muscle split donor area. Seventeen lower eyelids were evaluated as mild, 12 were as moderate, and 9 were as severe ectropion. One upper eyelid was evaluated as mild, 14 were as moderate, and 23 were as severe lagophthalmos pre-operatively. Mean follow-up time was 28.8 months. Five patients had mild ectropion and 2 patients had mild lagophthalmos postoperatively at last follow-up. Two patients needed medial canthal tendon reinsertion secondary to relaxation of fixation suture at medial canthus. All patients tolerated the procedure and all complaints were resolved without creating a notable cosmetic deformity. Copyright © 2018 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.

Dijitalleşendünyada akıllı uygulamalar hızla etrafımızı sarmakta, insanlığı ileri ufuklarataşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda dünyanın varoluşundan beri süre gelen ve insanlaramaddi/manevi ağır zararlar veren afet ve acil durum yönetimi konusunda da bilgive iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımı önemli faydalar sağlayacaktır. Özelliklebu konuda geliştirilebilecek akıllı afet ve acil durum uygulamalarınınmaddi/manevi getirisi büyük olacaktır. Akıllı afet ve acil durum uygulamalarıgeliştirmek için büyük veri kaynaklarına ihtiyaç vardır ve bunun kaynağı iseakıllı kentlerdir. Sağlanacak bir kurumlararası işbirliği ile akıllı kentbileşenleri ve mobil cihazlardan gelen veriler, akıllı afet ve acil durumkonusunda akıllı uygulamalara dönüştürülecektir. Bu noktada çalışmanın anateması, “dijitalleşen dünyada afet ve acil durum yönetimi nasıl akıllı halegetirilebilir? Sorusu üzerine kurulmuştur., In digitalized world, weare surrounded by smart applications that lead humanity to further horizons.Hence, the use of information and communication technologies will come withimportant benefits in coping with disasters and the management of emergencies,which had caused great emotional and material damages for ages. Particularly,any smart application developed towards disaster and emergency practices couldbring significant emotional/material gains. For developing smart disaster andemergency applications, there is a need for great data sources and the sourceof them is smart cities. A possible inter-institutional cooperation with smartcity components and data coming from mobile devices could be turned into smartdisaster and emergency applications. In this regard, this study asks thefollowing question: “How disaster and emergency applications can be madesmarter in a digitalized world?”

Amaç: Respiratuvar sinsityal virus (RSV), yaşamın ilk yıllarında solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının (SYE) en sık etkenidir. Bu çalışmada SYE olan çocuklarda RSV A/B’nin multipleks polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile araştırılması, yaş grupları arasında RSV dağılımı, eşlik eden koenfeksiyonlar ve mevsimsel dağılım özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Yöntemler: Bu çalışma çapraz kesitsel olarak planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Nisan 2015 – Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında, 0-18 yaş arasında SYE ön tanısı ile gönderilen nazofaringeal sürüntü örnekleri dahil edildi. Örneklerden nükleik asit ekstraksiyon işlemi, EZ1 Virus Mini Kit V 2.0 (Qiagen, Almanya) ile EZ1 Advanced XL (Qiagen, Almanya) cihazında yapıldı. RSV A/B ve solunum paneline ait diğer viruslar, FTD Respiratory pathogens 21 (Fast-Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg) kiti kullanılarak multipleks real-time PCR yöntemi ile araştırıldı.Bulgular: Yaş aralığı 0-18 olan 2707 hastanın medyan yaşı 1 idi ve %57,4’ü (1554) erkekti. RSV pozitifliği %14,4’ünde (390) tespit edildi. Kız ve erkeklerde RSV sıklığı sırasıyla %13,6 ve %15,5 idi (P=0,16). En yüksek RSV oranı, Aim: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common agent of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the early stages of life. This study aimed to investigate RSV A/B in children with RTIs by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and evaluate the distribution of RSV among age groups, concurrent co-infections, and features of its seasonal distribution. Methods: Zero to eighteen-year-old patients whose nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed with the pre-diagnosis of RTI between April 2015 - March 2018 were included in this cross-sectional study. RSV A/B and other viruses of the respiratory panel were investigated with the multiplex real-time PCR method. Results: Median age of 2707 patients was 1 (age range: 0-18) and 57.4% (1554) of them were male. RSV positivity was found in 14.4% (390). Prevalence of RSV in females and males were 13.6% and 15.5% respectively (P=0.16). The highest RSV rate was 18.1% in those younger than one year. Mixed infection factors were found in 5.4%, the most common ones being RSV and human rhinovirus (1.8%). RSV was mostly seen in December, followed by January and February (P

Background/aim: Malignant melanoma is the most common cause of death due to skin cancers. The most common mutations in RAFRASpathway from tumor oncogenes are BRAF and NRAS. In this study, we analyzed the frequency of BRAF and NRAS gene mutationsand investigated their association with clinicopathological features of melanomas in the Turkish population.Materials and methods: 65 primary cutaneous melanoma were included in the study. The mutations were evaluated with real-time PCRbasedPCR-array through allele-specific amplification, and the results were correlated with various clinicopathological characteristics.Results: 52.3% of the patients were female and 47.7% were male. The mean age of the patients with a mutation was lower than thosewithout mutation. 16 patients had BRAF mutation. 12 patients had NRAS mutation. NRAS mutation was statistically more common inmen (P = 0.036). The number of mitoses increased with the increase of the tumor thickness (P = 0.003). There was more mitosis in thepresence of ulceration (P = 0.05). A total of 41.7% of NRAS mutations had adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion: We found lower mutation rate when compared to regional studies. NRAS mutation was common in men. This is the firststudy from our region evaluating the prognostic value of clinical stage and necessity of adjuvant treatment with the presence of BRAFand NRAS mutations.

The Gorham-Stout syndrome is a rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. The diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological and histopathological findings after excluding other etiologies and as a result it is often delayed. We present the case of a 21-year-old male diagnosed with Gorham-Stout syndrome with involvement of the majority of the mandible, partial involvement of right maxillary, temporal and zygomatic bones and discuss its diagnostic and therapeutic features.

Ülkemizde yaşanan plansız sanayileşme sonucunda, kentsel sorunlar her geçen gün artmış kentler kontrolsüz ve dengesiz bir biçimde büyümüştür. Bu olumsuz gelişmeler sonucu kentlerin eskimiş, işlevini yitirmiş, çöküntü alanları olarak görülen gecekondu alanları ve kentsel tarihi yapıların bulunduğu bölgeler, kentsel yaşam için sorunlu alanlar olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Belediyeler 5393 sayılı Belediye Yasasının "Kentsel Dönüşüm ve Gelişim Alanı Başlıklı" 73. maddesi ile kentin gelişimine uygun olarak işlevini yitirmiş kentsel alanları yeniden inşa ve restore etme, konut, sanayi ve ticaret alanları, teknoloji parkları ve sosyal donatılar oluşturma, deprem riskine karşı tedbirler alma ve kentin tarihî ve kültürel dokusunun korunması gibi önemli yetkilere kavuşmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra "6306 Sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Yasa" ile kentsel alanlara müdahalelerde "belediyeler" kentsel değişim ve dönüşümün etkili gücü haline getirilmiştir. Bu çalışma da, öncelikle kentsel dönüşüm kavramının tanımı, amaçları ve uygulanma biçimleri ile ilgili genel çerçeve sunulacaktır. Ayrıca kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarının hukuki durumu incelenecektir. Bu bilgiler ışığında çalışmada bir alan araştırmasından hareketle, Türkiye'de Kütahya özelinde Kütahya Belediyesi tarafından uygulamaya konulan Osmangazi kentsel dönüşüm projesinin olumlu olumsuz yönleri ayrıntılı bir biçimde değerlendirilerek, konuya ilişkin öneriler sunulmaktadır, As a result of unplanned industrialization in our country, urban problems increased with each passing day, cities has grown unchecked and unbalanced manner. As a result of tehese negative developments, slum areas that as seen is cities obsolote,lots its function,the depression areas and historical buildings of the region has been decribed as problematic areas for urban life. With the number of 5393law ‘urban renewal and development area titled’ article 73, municipalities rebuild and to restore, lost function urban areas in accordance with city’s development, create of residental,industrial and commercial areas ,technology parks and social facilities,to take measure against the risk of earthquakes and as the preservation of the city’s historical and cultural fabric has gained significant powers. in addition to this, with number of 6306 ‘law on transformation of disaster risk areas’ in response to urban areas ‘municipalities’, has been turned into an effective force in urban change and transformation. In this study, priorities, will be submitted general framework regarding of the definition urban transformation, objectives and the mode of application .ın addition the legal status of urban renewal application will be examined. In light of this intormation, this study, which has started off from a field research, will evaluate a detail manner the project of Osmangazi urban transformation and will conclude with suggestions that was caaried out by Municipality of Kütahya in Turkey