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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pomiferin, a prenylated flavonoid was purified from Maclura pomifera by thin layer chromatography method, on oxidative stress, sterile inflamation and ovarian tissue damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion model. Methods: Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. In the group CN only laparotomy operation was performed. In group CNPomiferin, rats received 200 mg/kg pomiferin. In group IRVehicle, reperfusion for 3 h performed after an ischemic period of 3 hours. In groups IRPomiferin100 and IRPomiferin200 rats received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of pomiferin, by oral gavage 1 houes before reperfusion. After the experiments, tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined, and histopathological changes were examined in all rat ovarian tissue. Results: It was determined that irreversible cell damage such as apoptotic and necrotic deaths and reversible cell damage occurred in follicular, endothelial and stromal cells due to oxidative stress in the group IRVehicle. In this group, it was determined that the LPO level exceeded the cellular antioxidant capacity (SOD and CAT enzyme activities) and the PMNL infiltration and activity (MPO), an indicator of sterile inflammation, increased. It was determined that oxidative stress sterile inflammation and irreversible cell damage decreased in a dose-dependent manner with pomiferin treatment. Conclusions: Pomipherin treatment strongly protects ovarian follicles and vascular structures against ischemia-reperfusion injury, thus it may prevent the reduction of ovarian follicle reserve, which is an indicator of female fertility.

VUCA kavramı içinde yaşadığımız dünyanın dinamiklerini ortaya koyan bir akronimdir. Soğuk savaş sonrası dönemi tarif etmek üzere ilk olarak askeri alanda, daha sonra ise iş dünyasında oldukça tartışılan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. “VUCA” kavramı, oynaklık ve belirsizlik sonucu ortaya çıkan birçok karmaşık ve muğlak olayların yer aldığı dünya düzeni olarak tanımlanabilir. Söz konusu ortamda işletmelerin stratejik karar alma süreçlerini nasıl gerçekleştirdiği ise büyük bir soru işaretidir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı, VUCA dünyasında üst düzey yöneticilerin stratejik karar alma süreçlerini nasıl gerçekleştirdiğini incelemektir. Bu araştırma kapsamında Türkiye’nin en büyük 500 hizmet ihracatçısı listesinde (TİM) yer alan lojistik işletmelerindeki 20 üst düzey yönetici ile derinlemesine mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde “MAXQDA 2022 Analytics Pro” paket programı kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, içerik analizine dair kod bulutu, alt kod istatistikleri, kod matrisi ve kod haritası analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, VUCA dünyasında faaliyet gösteren yöneticiler sektördeki en önemli değişimin dijitalleşme ve mevzuat konusunda olduğunu ifade etmiştir. VUCA dünyasında lojistik sektörünün içinde bulunduğu belirsizliğin tetiklenmesinde döviz dalgalanmaları ve pandeminin kilit rol oynadığı belirtilmiştir. Buna paralel olarak, VUCA dünyasında lojistik sektörünün karşılaştığı en önemli sorunlar; müşteri sorunları, sınır kapılarında yaşanan sorunlar, akaryakıt fiyatları, konteyner sorunu ve kuralların sürekli yenilenmesi olarak ifade edilmiştir. Son olarak, lojistik sektöründe belirsizlik yaratan ve anlaşılması en zor (muğlak) durumun ekonomik dalgalanmalardan kaynaklı olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Legumes such as red lentil and chickpeas are the most important products in our region also has a structure rich in mineral substance. However, very little work has been done in this area in our region. In this study, contents of mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Se, V, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni were determined by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method in registered six red lentil and two chickpea cultivars by GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center (GAPUTAEM). In addition, the determination of the element concentrations of the species and the comparison of the element amounts in lentils and chickpeas were also evaluated. Element concentrations in lentil varieties are listed in descending order as follows K> Mg> Ca> Fe> Si> Zn> Sn> Mn> Cu> Ni> Cr> Se> V> Cd> Pb> As, while in chickpea cultivars are; K> Ca> Mg> Fe> Zn> Si> Mn> Sn> Cu> Ni> V> Cr> Se> Pb> Cd> As has been in the form. In the study were found that registred lentils and chichpeas varieties to be rich in terms of potassium element. On the other hand in the chickpeas cultivars calcium content is higher than lentils types.In addition, toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb and As concentrations were determined to be below the limit values. The results showed us that legumes are very important mineral resources. Lentils and chickpeas are very similar in terms of macro and micro element contents.Additionally, it was observed that they had a nutritionally safe mineral structure.

The samples collected from the Pınarhisar district (Kırklareli, Turkey) were introduced as a new subspecies for the scientific world. Dianthus pseudarmeria subsp. glabripetalus grows in oak forest clearings with an altitude of about 250-350 meters. The new subspecies are similar in terms of many vegetative and generative characters with D. pseudarmeria (subsp. pseudarmeria). However, the new subspecies differs from D. pseudarmeria (subsp. pseudarmeria) by the fact that scales of the epicalyx are striped-lanceolate or reverse-lanceolate and the petal limbin is glabrous. Conclusively, description of the subspecies, seed morphology, descriptive and explain photos, distribution, general ecological preferences are given. In addition, a suitable category of threats to the conservation of the subspecies is proposed in light of the available data.

In section Leiopetali, the diploid chromosome numbers were reported from only six of total 25 taxa. There is no karyological data relating to other 19 taxa. In this study, it is intended to determine the diploid chromosome numbers of taxa of section Leiopetali. The diploid number of 13 species were detected, four of which were recorded for the first time and nine numbers compatible with the previous reports. Twelve species were diploid with 2n = 2x =30. D. leptopetalus was diploid and polyploid, which reveals only one polyploidy level of tetraploidy (2n = 4x = 60). Polyploidy might have played a role in the karyotype evolution of the genus. One of the most important reasons for this situation is that although polyploidy is observed in the genus Dianthus, the dysploidy mechanism that causes a change in the basic chromosome number has not been found until now. The basic number is x = 15 according to the all chromosomal reports. In conclusion, this study reports new data into the karyological characteristics of section Leiopetali (genus Dianthus) that can be useful for interpreting or understanding relationships among sections.

In section Dentati, the chromosome numbers were reported from only eight of 30 taxa. There is no chromosomal record relating to the other 22 taxa. In the present study, it is intended to detect the chromosome numbers of section Dentati taxa. Chromosome numbers of 15 taxa were obtained, 13 of which were reported for the first time and two numbers agreed with the previous reports. 14 taxa were diploid with 2x = 30 and only one taxon was polyploid with 4x = 60. Polyploidy might have played a role in the karyotype evolution of the genus. Although polyploidy was seen, there was no dysploidy causing to change in the basic chromosome number. According to all chromosomal data on Dianthus, the basic chromosome number was only one (x = 15). In conclusion, this study presents new data into the karyological characteristics of section Dentati (genus Dianthus) that may be useful for understanding or interpreting relationships among the sections.

This article investigates the effects of Georgia’s current geopolitical situation on the country’s economic development. Although Georgia lost control of the two strategic regions such as Abkhazia and Ossetia, right after the collapse of the Soviet Union, it maintained its geopolitical importance in the South Caucasus. In this context, the definition of geographical space was clarified in the article, and the recent situation in the South Caucasus, the changes in the region after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the results of these changes were evaluated. In addition, the advantages of Georgia’s geopolitical position and other additional issues affecting the economic development of this country were taken into account, the reflections on the problems between Azerbaijan and Armenia on Georgia were examined, and finally, comments on the future of the South Caucasus were made.

Cephalaria saldaensis, collected from Eşeler Mountain around Salda Lake (Yeşilova-Burdur), one of Turkey’s important tourism regions, is described from South-West Anatolia as a new species. Diagnostic morphological and molecular characters from closely similar taxa are discussed. The geographical distribution of the new species and other related species is mapped. Taxonomic comments such as descriptive and diagnostic characters, distribution and ecology, conservation status for this new species are given in the current study. In this study, morphological characterization of three different Cephalaria spp. was also supported via molecular characterization based on PCR technology. Twenty-two ISSR primers were tested using a total of fifteen individuals belonging to three different Cephalaria spp. Five of these primers gave the most productive band profile. A total of 53 bands ranging from 250bp to 2000bp were obtained from the PCR products on agarose gel image, and the polymorphism calculated on the basis of the band profiles was 77.4%. The band profiles were also analyzed using the PopGen32 Software program. The constructed phylogenetic tree grouped the Cephalaria spp. individuals belonging to these three species into two main clusters and the phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. saldaensis was clearly different from the C. scoparia and C. dirmilensis.

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the autonomic dysfunction in patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon with using sympathetic skin response (SSR) as a neurophysiologic test, R-R interval variation analysis and composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS)-31 questionnaire. Methods: Palmar SSR to median nerve electrical stimulation was recorded in 38 patients with 36 healthy age and sex-matched control subjects. The SSR was recorded from the palmar surface of both left and right hands for patients and control groups. The amplitudes and latencies formed as a result of electrical stimulation were calculated and compared between the two groups. Additionally, R-R interval variability was examined during normal breathing, deep breathing, standing up and Valsalva maneuver in both groups. Furthermore, we asked to complete the COMPASS-31 questionnaire, a validated tool to assess symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. And by calculating total COMPASS-31 scores, the relationship between the two groups was investigated. Results: The Raynaud’s phenomenon and control groups were similar in age (37.4 ± 11.6 vs. 34.9 ± 13.0 years), had identical gender ratios and similar body mass index (24.5 ± 6.1 vs. 25.7 ± 4.6%). Palmar SSR to median nerve stimulation of RP patients shows significantly delayed latency (1890 ± 146) (p=0.03). And no difference between amplitudes in comparison to the control group. In the patient and control groups, R-R interval measurements were evaluated during rest and deep breathing, standing up and Valsalva maneuver. When the R-R interval measurements of the patient and control groups at rest and deep breathing were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. In addition, COMPASS-31 questionnaire scoring system was applied to both groups. The mean COMPASS-31 score was higher in patient group (22.8 ± 13.8), than from healthy controls (8.9 ± 7.8) (p=0.02) Conclusions: Autonomic dysfunction plays a role in the etiology of Raynaud’s phenomenon, due to latency prolongation in the sympathetic skin response and significant difference between COMPASS-31 tests, and these tests can be used in the diagnosis stage of this disease.

Bu araştırmada evli kadınların duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ile evlilik uyumları arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması ve evlilik uyumu üzerinde etkili olan duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, evlilik uyumu ile iyi oluş ve öz kontrol düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde; duygusallık ve sosyallik düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde zayıf düzeyde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiş (p

VUCA is an acronym term that expresses the today’s truths that would not lead to carry us to tomorrow, it seems to have a future that will bring many paradigm changes in business life. In order to get out of the VUCA environment by transforming for the interests of the organization to the maximum benefit, it is considered that management and business methods should evolve into an “agile” approach. Agile approach, it is a set of proactive actions that include the capability to adapt to all kinds of changes in the external environment. To be agile means being able to read and make sense of all kinds of uncertainties in the external environment at any time and in an effort to increase our reflex ability that will reduce the reaction speed to zero. The “Annual State of Agile Report”, which is published devotedly every year, is a series of studies and reports based on past knowledge that offers the opportunity to understand the experiences of practitioners directly by addressing many issues related to agile management. In this study, the responses given by the participants who have experienced agile transformation over the years were examined, reinterpreting the business and commerce understanding of the next period with the value concepts, an agile transformation process model based on “customer experience” was created. The model proposal in the study is considered to draw attention to the major points that businesses who want to adopt the agile approach and transformation process and to be a guide that recommends the establishment of the necessary conditions for the effective conclusion of the process., VUCA (Volatility Uncertainty Complexity Ambiguity), bizi bugünlere getiren doğruların yarına götürmeyeceğini ifade eden bir akronim terim olmakla birlikte, VUCA ortamı iş hayatında birçok paradigma değişikliğini getirecek bir geleceğe gebe görünmektedir. VUCA ortamından organizasyonun çıkarlarını maksimum faydaya dönüştürerek çıkmak için yönetim ve iş yapma biçimlerinin “çevik” bir yaklaşıma evrilmesi gerekliliği düşünülmektedir. Çevik yaklaşım dış ortamdaki her türlü değişikliğe adapte olabilecek yetkinliği içinde barındıran proaktif eylemler bütünüdür. Çevik olabilmek; dış ortamdaki her türlü belirsizliği her an okuyabilme, anlamlandırabilme gayreti ile reaksiyon hızını sıfıra indirecek refleks yeteneğimizi artırabilme çabası içinde olmak demektir. Her sene özveri ile yayınlanan “Yıllık Çevik Durum Raporu (Annual State of Agile Report)” çevik yönetim ile alakalı birçok konuyu ele alarak doğrudan uygulayıcıların tecrübelerini anlama fırsatı sunan, geçmişe dayalı bilgi birikimli çalışmalar ve raporlar silsilesidir. Bu çalışmada, çevik dönüşüm tecrübesi yaşamış katılımcıların yıllar içerisinde verdiği yanıtlar incelenmiş, gelecek dönemin iş ve ticaret anlayışının değer kavramları ile yeniden yorumlanarak “müşteri deneyimi” merkezli bir çevik dönüşüm süreci modeli oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmadaki model önerisi çevik yaklaşım ve dönüşüm sürecini benimsemek isteyen işletmelerin karşılaşabilecekleri majör noktalara dikkat çekmek ve sürecin etkin bir şekilde sonuçlanması için gerekli koşulların tesis edilmesini tavsiye eden bir rehber niteliğinde olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Aim: It is important that athletes have sufficient knowledge of sports nutrition in order to compete better in both individual and team games and to enhance their performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sports nutrition knowledge levels of the students who study at the School of Physical Education and Sports at a private university and do active sports in different branches according to the sports branch (team or individual) they do.Method: 140 (117 male, 23 female) volunteer university students determined by a simple random sampling method were included in the study. The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) was used to determine the level of knowledge of the students on sports nutrition and nutritional knowledge scores were determined according to their branches. SPSS 24.00 Program was used to analyze the data.Results: The mean NSKQ scores of the students who do team sports and individual sports are 23.17 ± 6.79 and 26.51 ± 7.05 points, respectively; It was found that the majority of the students in both groups (88.6%) had a "weak" level of knowledge about sports nutrition (p, Amaç: Sporcuların hem bireysel hem de takım oyunlarında daha iyi mücadele etmek ve performanslarını artırmak için yeterli sporcu beslenme bilgi düzeyine sahip olmaları önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; özel bir üniversitede Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda (BESYO) öğrenim gören ve farklı branşlarda aktif spor yapan öğrencilerin sporcu beslenme bilgi düzeylerini yaptıkları spor branşına (takım ya da bireysel) göre değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Araştırmaya basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 140 (117 erkek, 23 kadın) gönüllü üniversite öğrencisi dahil edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin sporcu beslenmesi bilgi düzeylerini belirlemek için Sporcu Beslenme Bilgisi Ölçeği (SBBÖ) kullanılmış ve uğraştıkları branşa göre (takım veya bireysel) beslenme bilgi puanları belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 24.00 Programı kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Takım sporu ve bireysel spor yapan öğrencilerin SBBÖ puanları sırasıyla ortalama 23,17±6,79 ve 26,51±7,05 puan olup; her iki gruptaki öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun (%88,6) sporcu beslenmesi konusunda “zayıf” bilgi düzeyine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (p

Gypsophila malyerii Hamzaoğlu & Koç, a new species of sect. Capituliformes, is described and illustrated from Turkey. Information on distribution, habitat and conservation status are given. The most similar species is G. osmangaziensis. The morphology and micromorphology of seed and pollen characters of the two closely related species are compared.

In this study, Minuartia imbricata (M.Bieb.) Woronow, M. aizoides (Boiss.) Bornm., M. circassica (Albow) Woronow of the genus Minuartia L. belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae have been investigated according to their trichome features micromorphology. The trichomes of leaf margins, leaf surfaces, pedicels, and sepals of the three closely related species have been compared and illustrated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM). M. imbricata and M. aizoides were observed leaf margins as long pubescent of their leaf margins. However, M. circassica was rare puberulous. Although M. aizoides and M. circassica have glandular hairs on pedicel, M. imbricata have not got glandular hairs on pedicel. Also, the taxa have different hair lengths.

Strange samples of Sabulina found in the ISTO herbarium were recollected and then compared with herbarium material of related species. It was determined that the most similar species was Sabulina gracilis. Both were compared with molecular and morphological methods. As a result, it was decided that the interesting specimens represented a new species. The new species, Sabulina nerimanae Koç & Hamzaoğlu, is described and illustrated here and information on , distribution, habitat, micromorphological seed characters, threatened categories, and phylogenetic relationships between closely related species are given.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of drug use and related factors in university students. Methods: This study was carried out in Mersin, Turkey. Data forms were filled in by ...

In this study, we first fabricated ITO thin film samples on glass substrates at 300 degrees C temperature by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. Then three different groups of samples were prepared under three different medium conditions. Some of these samples were annealed at 475 degrees C in an atmospheric medium and the other two group of samples were annealed at the same temperature, but in different media in which flowing N-2 with 150 and 250 L/h. Structural, morphological, electric and electronic, and optical properties of these samples were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronmicroscope, atomic force microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, and cryostat measurements. These measurements showed that increasing nitrogen (N-2) flowrate in annealing improved the structural properties of the films by almost doubling crystallinity, but bandgap energy of the samples decreased. It was seen that with this increasing the N-2 flow rate slightly reduced the transmittance of the films. In addition, Hall measurements have shown that the resistivity of the films decreased from 1.65 x 10(-2) to 1.19 x 10(-2) Omega cm by introducing the N-2 gas. It has also been shown that annealing under N-2 gas flow is a method that can be used efficiently to reduce the Oxygen (O-2) ratio in the ITO thin films.

Hesperis muglensis, and H. zaferi collected from Muğla and Çorum, Turkey, have been defined as new species for the scientific world. Hesperis muglensis grows with H. pisidica calcareous locations in the south of Turkey (Taurus Mountains), while H. zaferi grows glades in forest in Tosya, Kastamonu Province, and in Sütçüler, Isparta Province, and displays a similarity to H. tosyaensis and H. ozcelikii. The photographs, general ecological preferences and of the newly defined species have been given.

The steppes habitat in Türkiye took bedrock formed of soil as the basis, and was classified by separating into groups, such as calcareous, with gypsum, volcanic, and serpentine. However, a classification was not made that took the soil texture as the basis. In this study, the stable sand dunes’ soil texture observed in Karapınar, Konya, Turkiye erosion region, was evaluated for flora and syntaxonomy. Within the scope of the study, observations were conducted in the sandy habitats found to the south-southwest of the Karapınar county center, the plant species that preferred the habitat were determined, and the data obtained was compared with the steppes’ habitat in the close environs and with the studies made previously. Furthermore, it emphasized the necessity of analyzing syntaxonomically the sandy steppes in Türkiye, which are evaluated within the “E1.A5 - Irano-Anatolian inland dunes” habitat type according to the European Nature Information System (EUNIS).

Dianthus muglensis are proposed as replacement name for D. elegans var. gramineus non D. gramineus by Schur, based on morphological data and according to the Art. 53.1 of ICN. Tha name D. leucophaeus var. patens was also investigated from both nomenclatural and taxonomical points of views reaching to the conclusioon that it deserves the species rank (the correct name is D. goerkii). Expanded descriptions, as well as data about distribution, habitat, and phenology are also provided for both the studied taxa.

Tespit edilen her yeni popülasyon, dar endemik taksonların taksonomisi, korolojisi ve koruma biyolojisi için önemli bir katkıdır. Burada Aethionema dumanii (Brassicaceae), Astragalus aytatchii (Fabaceae), Salvia halophila (Lamiaceae), Sedum hewittii (Crassulaceae) ve Senecio olympicus (Asteraceae) olmak üzere toplam 5 dar yayılışlı endemik bitki taksonu için Türkiye’den yeni popülasyon bilgileri verilmiştir. Ayrıca türlerin bazı özellikleri ve ekolojik tercihleri, lokaliteleri, yayılış haritası ve resimleri verilmiştir., The taxonomy of narrow endemic plant taxa, chorology and protective biology are an important contribution for every new population determined. Here, new population information from Turkey has been given for a total of 5 narrow-range endemic plant taxa, led by Aethionema dumanii (Brassicaceae), Astragalus aytatchii (Fabaceae), Salvia halophila (Lamiaceae), Sedum hewittii (Crassulaceae) and Senecio olympicus (Asteraceae). Furthermore, some features and ecological preferences, localities, distribution map and images of the species are given.

Introduction: Both chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) itself and the drugs used for its treatment, pose a risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Although the relationship between Rituximab and PML is well known, case reports that have been recently published, suggest that ibrutinib; which is used in the treatment of CLL, may increase the risk of PML. Case report: Here, we report a case of 64 year-old female patient with CLL who was previously treated with rituximab, fludarabine and bendamustin but developed PML after receiving monotherapy with ibrutinib. According to Naranjo’s algorithm, the causality relationship with the drug is possible with a score of 3. The patient initially exhibited neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance of the brain revealed a bilateral asymmetric hyperintensity in the white matter involving the parietal and occipital lobules, and there was no mass effect, edema, hemorrhagic or iscemic lesions. No enhancement of contrast media was observed. The findings were consistent with demyelination and suggestive of PML. Management and outcome: Mirtazapine treatment was initiated. However, neurological sympthoms continuously progressed over the following weeks and the patient, aged 64, died six weeks after diagnosis of PML. Discussion: PML is a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is exclusively seen in immunocompromised patients and there is no specific agent to treat PML. The case discussed here, highlights that the use of ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapy may result in PML.

Bu çalışma, erken ve geç ekim zamanlarında (sonbahar yağışları öncesi ve sonrası), buğday sonrası ekilen kırmızı mercimek bitkisinin ekiminde uygulanan azaltılmış toprak işleme, doğrudan ekim ve geleneksel toprak işlemede kullanılan farklı ilaçlama yöntemlerinin yabancı ot gelişimi ve ilaç kullanım etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Diyarbakır ilinde, 2010-2013 yılları arasında, 3 yetiştirme sezonu süresince, tesadüf bloklarında şerit parseller deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Erken ve geç ekim zamanları için ayrı ayrı iki deneme kurulmuştur. Deneme, toprak işleme yöntemlerinin ilk uygulama yılındaki etkisini görmek amacıyla çakılı olmayıp, her yıl farklı bir buğday anızı üzerinde kurulmuştur. Araştırmada verim, yabancı ot yaş ağırlığı, yabancı ot kuru ağırlığı ve ilaç kullanım etkinliği parametreleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, buğday hasadı sonrası yetiştirilen kırmızı mercimek üretiminde, doğrudan ekimde ilk yıl yabancı ot yoğunluğu nedeniyle verim kayıpları yaşandığı, geç ekimde yabancı ot gelişiminin erken ekime göre oldukça düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Erken ekim zamanında en yüksek verim yabancı otların elle toplandığı yöntemden, geç ekim zamanında ise çıkış öncesi + çıkış sonrası ilaçlama ile yalnızca çıkış sonrası ilaçlama yöntemlerinden elde edilmiştir. Erken ekimde geleneksel, geç ekimde geleneksel ve azaltılmış toprak işleme uygulamalarından daha yüksek verim alınmıştır. Sonbahar yağışları sonrası yani geç ekimin yabancı ot yoğunluğunu azaltmada etkili olduğu ve tercih edilmesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca geç ekimde azaltılmış toprak işleme yönteminin oldukça başarılı bir şekilde uygulanabileceği görülmüştür., The aim of this study was to determine the effect of weed growth and using different spraying methods on reduced soil tillage, no-tillage and conventional soil tillage in early and late sowing periods (before and after autumn rains) in red lentil sowing after wheat. The study was carried out in the randomized block strip-plot / split-block design during the 3 growing seasons between 2010 and 2013 years in Diyarbakır. Two trials were established separately for early and late sowing times. The experiment was established on a different stubble of wheat each year in order to observe the effect of soil tillage methods in the first year of application. In research, crop yield, weed wet weight, weed dry weight and spraying efficiency parameters were examined. As a result of the study, it was observed that yield losses of red lentil cultivation after wheat harvest due to weed density in direct sowing in the first year. Weed density in late sowing was found to be very low compared to early sowing. The highest yield in early sowing time was obtained from the method which weeds were collected by hand, and at late sowing time spraying before emergence+ spraying after emergence and spraying after emergence methods. Higher yields were obtained from conventional soil tillage in early sowing time; conventional soil tillage and reduced soil tillage in late sowing. After autumn rains, it is determined that late sowing is effective in reducing weed density and should be preferred. In addition, it has been seen that reduced tillage method can be applied successfully in late sowing.

Pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital vascular abnormality, where the left pulmonary artery originates from the right pulmonary artery, passes between trachea, and esophagus and reaching the left hilum. Cough, wheezing, and difficulty in feeding are three major symptoms. Untreated pulmonary sling carries high morbidity and mortality, most of which is due to the airway and other associated anomalies. Herein, we reported a 40-day-old male infant who admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with progressive respiratory distress and diagnosed with left pulmonary sling with tracheal stenosis. We discussed the diagnosis and management of pulmonary artery sling and present the successful use of laryngeal mask in difficult airway management.

The Flora of Turkey includes 88 Dianthus taxa. Some interesting populations belonging were observed in the Sivas province (C-Turkey). On the basis of both morphological and molecural investigations the Sivas population was here described as a new species for the science, named Dianthus hamzaoglui. A diagnosis, detailed description, distribution area, habitat, and IUCN assessment, as well as original photos were provided, as well as a comparison with the related D. burdurensis.

Hedysarum turcicum, a new species endemic to Inner Anatolia, Turkey, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to sect. Multicaulia in Hedysarum (Fabaceae) and it is related to H. elegans, H. cappadocicum, and H. persicum. Its description, images, chorology, and ecology, are provided. The diagnostic morphological characteristics, as well as a full description, ecological characteristics, and distribution data are given.

Ulcer is the most common undesirable result of using non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin. In the present study, osajin was experimentally used on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Osajin was purified from Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C. K. Schneid fruits by using the chromatographic methods. Thirty six rats were divided into six groups as follows: healthy (control), IND (indomethacin), RAN (ranitidine, 25 mg/kg), OSJ 100 (osajin, 100 mg/kg), OSJ 200 (200 mg/kg) and OSJ 400 (osajin, 400 mg/kg). Following a 24-h fasting, IND was administered to the treatment groups at a dose of 25 mg/kg. RAN and OSJ were given orally to rats following 5 min of IND administration. Then, gastric tissues were taken 6 h after the IND administration. Determination of the ulcer area, pathological evidence, and biochemical indices such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase were performed. IND generated diffuse ulcer areas, severe hyperaemia, oedema, necrotic epithelium, and mononuclear cell infiltration in the mucosa, and significantly increased lipid peroxidation while also decreasing the glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of the tissue. OSJ and RAN showed significant amelioration on ulcer area and biochemical indices. Therefore, OSJ may be potentially therapeutic for gastric ulcers.