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In New Zealand, fisheries are managed by the Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system which limits the total catch to a biologically sustainable quota and secures individuals a tradable portion. The incentives to quota holders are to use the most efficient fishing methods, of which bottom trawling is widely perceived as the most destructive. Regulations aim to reduce the effects of destructive fishing methods, however, no quantitative studies exist to examine how effective these are. We merge a comprehensive dataset of catch and effort between 2011 and 2021 with a manually assembled dataset on the exploitation status of 115 ITQ fish stocks in New Zealand to estimate the impact of fishing method on sustainability. Our results show that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of midwater trawling has, by far, the biggest impact, leading to a cumulative increase of 17.79% percent in the probability of overexploitation. Against all expectations, bottom trawling has no statistically significant effect, while bottom longlining increases the probability by 5.57%. These results are in line with recent legislative changes in New Zealand that aim to mitigate the impacts of bycatch from midwater trawling and studies like this can be useful in monitoring their effectiveness.

N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimidine-2-yl) amine was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The compound structure belongs to the triclinic system with the P-1 space group with unit cell parameters a = 11.9290(4), b = 13.2547(4) and c = 15.3904(5) A. Hirhsfeld surface analysis is performed to revealintermolecular interactions with these interactions. The molecular structure, vibrational spectroscopic data and HOMOs and LUMOs analyses were calculated by using the DFT/B3LYP method with the 6-311 + G(d,p)) basis set. Some of pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-likeness properties of the compound were also performed. Besides these, the present work is a searching to test N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimidine-2-yl) amine as an inhibitor for the SARS-CoV-2. For this aim, the molecular docking analysis of the synthesized compound was applied along with Favipiravir. Besides the docking results, ADMET properties of the compound were also calculated.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

The present study aimed to identify the errors made by pre-service elementary mathematics teachers while investigating the convergence of infinite series. A qualitative exploratory case study design was used with a total of 43 undergraduate students. Data were obtained from a test administered in a paper-and-pencil form consisting of seven open-ended questions. The data analysis was done using descriptive and content analysis techniques. Findings were presented as follows: inappropriate test selections; failure to check convergence criteria; incorrect use of a comparison test; limit comparison test error; re-test convergence test results; considering ∑ as a multiplicative function; misunderstanding of special series; considering that series has no character when the convergence test is inconclusive; confusing sequences with series; misunderstanding of the nth-term test; misinterpretation of convergence test results. Findings showed that students with insufficient procedural knowledge had difficulty in solving the given problem even if they understood it, whereas those with insufficient conceptual knowledge could not literally understand what they did even if they solved the problem. Therefore, the establishment of a moderate balance between procedural and conceptual knowledge in the learning of the convergence of series is essential in reducing the errors or learning difficulties for developing deep mathematical understanding

The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary mathematics teachers' conceptions of the barriers to the development of mathematical literacy. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with sixteen in-service mathematics teachers from nine secondary schools of five different school types. The data analysis consisted of an inductive analysis process for identifying and labeling the patterns or themes through examining interview data with the help of NVivo qualitative data analysis software. The results indicated that teachers' conceptions regarding the barriers to mathematical literacy development could be categorized under: (i) conceptual challenges (What is mathematical literacy?); (ii) educational challenges (How can we develop mathematical literacy?); and (iii) systemic challenges (Where is mathematical literacy (to be) located?). The teachers' identification of different obstacles to the development of mathematical literacy can account for the fact that each teacher in this study has diverse but convergent conceptions of mathematical literacy. This fact also promises hope for assisting teachers in resolving these obstacles that have been raised from various angles.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how pre-service elementary mathematics teachers explain three primitive terms: point, line, and plane. A qualitative exploratory case study design was conducted with 61 participants. The data collected by an open-ended questionnaire was analyzed through the content analysis technique by utilizing NVivo software. The findings showed that pre-service mathematics teachers tended to use signs related to both characteristics and the essence of the terms. This can be due to the fact that terms tried to be explained are the primitive terms and that the explanations given by Euclid about these terms are not easy to understand. In some explanations, more than one sign was used to make the definition more understandable. However, although the signs used for explaining the term seem to constitute its definition, these signs cannot always literally represent this term and cannot be used in place of that term.

In this study, 3β-acetoxy-17β-(1-acetyl-5-(3-pyridinyl)-3-pyrazolinyl) androat-5-ene (AAPP) was synthesized from the reaction of 21(E)-3β–acetoxy–21-(3-pyridinylidene)pregn-5-en-20-one with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid. The structure of the compound was confirmed by UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. Optimized geometries and experimental results were interpreted by using DFT (B3LYP/6-311 + G (d,p) method). The NMR spectrum was recorded in CDCl3 and the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms were studied experimentally as well as theoretically. Electronic properties of a molecule such as global reactivity, the frontier molecular orbital analysis, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, absorption-emission characteristics of the molecule were studied. Kamlet–Taft and Catalan solvatochromism of synthesized compound have been analyzed. The solvatochromic behavior of the compound was evaluated with respect to their visible absorption properties in various solvents. The chemical reactivity indices and thermodynamic properties were also evaluated.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının matematik konu alan derslerine ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgu bilim deseni kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın araştırma gurubunu oluşturan 43 matematik öğretmen adayı seçiminde bir amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi olan ölçüt örnekleme yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu bir anket formu uygulanarak öğretmen adaylarının görüşleri yazılı olarak alınmıştır. Veri analizi nitel veri analizi yazılımı olan NVivo 11 yardımıyla içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, lisans matematik derslerinin, öğretmen adaylarının matematiksel becerilerinin genel gelişimine odaklanması gerektiğini ve sadece konu alan bilgisinin aktarılması yerine, kavramsal ilişkileri kurmak için dikkatli bir akıl yürütme ve matematiksel sağduyu geliştirerek matematiğin derinlemesine anlaşılmasının gerekliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca, diğer matematiksel kavramlar ve gerçek yaşam durumlarıyla ilişkili geniş kapsamlı ve detaylı matematiksel konu alan bilgisinin öğretimi, öğretmen adaylarının matematik derslerine yönelik motivasyonlarını artıracak ve öğretilen matematiği daha anlamlı kılacaktır.

The microencapsulated myristic acid with titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell as shape-stabilized thermal energy storage materials was prepared using sol–gel method. The XRD and FT-IR techniques results presented that characteristic peaks of both myristic acid and TiO2 can be observed in the microencapsulated myristic acid with TiO2 shells. The phase change temperature, latent heat and thermal stability were investigated by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). According to these results, the melting and freezing temperatures of the MPCM/TiO2 shell and MPCM/TiO2 shell–fly ash are 56.95 and 52.22 °C; 47.56 and 26.68 °C and the latent heats of melting and freezing are 96.64 kJ kg−1; 97.72 and 23.43 kJ kg−1; and 22.57 kJ kg−1, respectively. TGA results certified that the addition of fly ash improved thermal stability. In particular, MPCM/TiO2 shell displays good thermal reliability after 1000 repeated melting/freezing cycling.

A detailed analysis of the molecular orbitals contained in the electronic transitions in the UV-spectra and a detailed synthesis and conformational study of N-(hexyl)-N-(5-(3-hydroxynaphthyl-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amine (NOH) were conducted using the method of TD-DFT (B3LYP/6-311 + G (d,p)). All the theoretical results were found to be in line with the experimental values. For the most stable conformer, the optimized structure parameters (bond lengths, bond angles), vibrational modes and their assignments and were calculated using DFT/B3LYP functional and 6-311 +G(d,p) basis set. The basic vibrational modes were determined by PED, the experimental and computed values were found to support each other. The chemical shifts of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were specified using the method of GIAO and compared with the experimental chemical shifts. The frontier orbital energy gap, global chemical reactivity restrictive such as the chemical potential, global hardness, electronegativity, index of electrophilicity, global softness of the molecule were also studied. The Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to find out the stability and strength of the molecule. Based upon the experimental solvent influence and the theoretical examinations, the long wavelength bands were attributed to π → π* transitions induced by HOMO–LUMO intra-molecular charge transfer from the naphthyl ring to the 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Beside these, electrophilic index, EHOMO (− 5.88 eV), ELUMO (1.89 eV) and energy gap (3.99 eV) were computed to investigate the bio activity, reactivity and stability of the NOH. Kamlet–Taft and Catalan solvatochromism of synthesized 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative were discussed. The Kamlet–Taft and Catalan solvent parameter sets were used to determine the effect of specific and non-specific solvent–solute interactions on the shifts of UV–Vis absorption maxima.

This article demonstrates the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their applications in medicine particularly as anti-breast cancer agents which is a major issue of the present. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR. DFT was used to study the quantum chemical calculations of geometries and vibrational wave numbers of 3-hydroxynaphthyl and p-tolyl substituted 1,2,4-triazoles in the ground state. The scaled harmonic vibrational frequencies obtained from the DFT method were compared with those of the FT-IR spectra and found good agreement. The synthesized 1,2,4-triazole-naphthyl hybrids were screened for the anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer lines. Among them compounds 3 and 7 showed broad spectrum anticancer activity with IC50 values 9.7 μM and 7.10 μM, respectively and their activity is comparable to that of the standard drugs. The molecular model for binding between the compounds (1-8) and the active site of BRCA2 was obtained on the basis of the computational docking results and the structure-activity relationship.

A computational Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration and Density Functional Theory based model has been developed for the identification of physic–chemical parameters governing the bioactivity of chiral amides derivatives of diacetyl-L-tartaric acid and aromatic amines 4–9 containing combined antifungal pharmacophore sites. The six compounds 4–9 analyzed here were previously experimentally and now virtually screened for their antibacterial/antifungal activity. The highest antifungal activity was obtained for compound 6, which exhibited excellent % inhibition, comparable to Terbinafine. Compound 5, represents increased activity as compared to its isomer 6. The increase of bioactivity from 5 to 6 could be attributed to the existence of pi-charge transfer from para-Bromo-phenyl to its amid group (COδ−--NHδ+), which plays a crucial template role in the organization of antifungal O,O-phramacophore sites. Moreover, it is cheap, has fewer side effects, and its possible inclusions in selective fungal/viral media such as Fusarium, HIV, and Hepatitis B/C have to be questioned.

A computational Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration/DFT(POM/DFT) based model has been developed for the identification of physico-chemical parameters governing the bioactivity of ruthenium-staurosporine complexes 2-4 containing an antitumoral-kinase (TK) pharmacophore sites. The four compounds 1-4 analyzed here were previously screened for their antitumor activity, compounds 2 and 4 are neutral, whereas analogue compound 3 is a monocation with ruthenium(II) centre. The highest anti- antitumor activity was obtained for compounds 3 and 4, which exhibited low IC(50) values (0.45 and 8 nM, respectively), superior to staurosporine derivative (pyridocarbazole ligand 1, 150 · 10(3) nM). The IC(50) of 3 (0.45 nM), represents 20,000 fold increased activity as compared to staurosporine derivative 1. The increase of bioactivity could be attributed to the existence of pi-charge transfer from metal-staurosporine to its (CO(δ)--NH(δ+)) antitumor pharmacophore site.

The effects of copper oxide, aluminium oxide and graphite on the thermal and structural properties of the organic phase change material (PCM) were investigated. Ethyl 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)acetate was selected as the pure PCM. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scan- ning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the chemical structure, crystalloid phase, chemical com- position and microstructure of the composites, respectively. The thermal properties were investigated by differen- tial scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyzer. The FT-IR analyses indicated that there was no chem- ical interaction between the pure PCM and the supporting materials such as copper oxide, aluminium oxide and graphite. The X-ray diffractograms of the samples were nearly the same, but the peak intensities changed accord- ing to the supporting materials. The SEM results showed that the C, N and O elements were well adsorbed into the porous network of the graphite, Al2O3 and CuO. According to the supporting materials, the graphite had the minimum porosity and the maximum crystallite size.

This study focuses on the preparation of camphene/palmitic acid mixture as novel phase change material for the first step of composite-based phase change materials. Camphene–palmitic acid-based composite phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage were prepared by vacuum impregnation method. The maximum incorporation percentage for camphene–palmitic into pyroclastic, fly ash, barite and marble powder were found to be 33.09, 55.5, 31.5 and 35.96 %, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the composite PCMs were suitable applicants for building applications in terms of their appropriate phase change temperatures and extensive latent heat values. The SEM results showed that the homogeneity of the samples is good, and according to supporting materials porosity formation is observed. Thermal cycling test indicated that the form-stable composite PCMs have good thermal reliability and chemical stability although they were subjected to 2,000 melting/freezing cycling.

A series of 7-o-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-3-(4,5-disubstituted imidazol-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones 4 were synthesized and tested for in vitro antibacterial/antifungal and antioxidant activity. The synthesized compounds o-β-d-glucoside of 7-hydroxyl-3-imidazolyl-4H-chromen-4-ones showed good antibacterial/antifungal activity as well as antioxidant activity. The results suggest that aglycone as well as their o-glucosides could be promising candidates for new combined antifungal/antibacterial as well as antioxidant agents (3 in 1). Experimental data and Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analyses, respectively, show high bioactivity against various microorganisms at a very low concentration without any side effect, suggesting that series 2–4 is a potential antimicrobial inhibitor and further it deserves to be validated for in vivo studies. 7-Hydroxy-3-(4,5-disubstituted imidazol-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-ones and their o-β-d-glucosides were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The compounds were also subjected to high-throughput POM bioinformatics to study the bioavailability.

In this study, the target motion analysis methods, especially used for passive target tracking in submarines, are implemented using evolutionary algorithms. In target motion analysis problem, using a time sequence of transmitted noise directions of a sound source in an acoustic environment; the range, course and speed of the corresponding source are estimated. Size of the search space; ambient noise on the transmission and noise on sensor measurements; decreased observability in different problem scenarios and the need of fast and exact solution, evolutionary strategies, a strong variant of the evolutionary search algorithms, is applied to the problem and efficiency of the results are presented for selected scenarios.

In this paper, an evolutionary search approach is proposed for the bearing only target motion analysis problem. A problem spesific modification for the Big Bang-Big Crunch optimization algorithm, namely, Fitness Adaptive Big Bang-Big Crunch optimization algorithm is used as the evolutionary search method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by testing the algorithm in different tracking scenarios.

Technological developments in the international arena have affected many countries’ education systems, as well as being in many areas. As a result of the integration in the education of technological developments, it has caused the change of the professions in the field of education and training, especially in the institutions that educate teachers. The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service science teachers’ self-efficacy toward technological pedagogical content (TPACK) throughout one academic term. The research was carried out with a total of 41 pre-service science teachers from Duzce University in 2016-2017 fall academic years. The study employed an experimental method, namely the pre-test / post-test pattern used with a single group. The data were collected by using the “Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) self-efficacy scale for pre-service science teachers on material development” developed by Balçın and Ergün (2016). The collected data was analyzed using paired-samples t-test. Also, data are evaluated on 0.05 level relevance and its percentage, frequency, average and standard deviation levels are calculated. When 41 pre-service science teachers’ self-efficacy level toward TPACK was evaluated, it was found that their level increased at the end of fall semester (when compared to the beginning of that semester). According to the findings obtained in the research, gender did not affect the TPACK self-efficacy for pre-service science teachers on material development. © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.

Inthisstudy,aseriesofshape-stabilizedphase-changematerials(PCMs)of camphene/stearicacid(CS)werepreparedandtheirthermalpropertiesweremeasured by differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that the mixture consisting of 60mass% camphene and 40mass% stearic acid is the most favorable as a PCM, in termsofthephase-changetemperatureandlatentheat.Thereafter,theCSwasabsorbed in fly ash, pyroclastic, barite, and marble powder, which acts as a supporting material, to prepare four kinds of composite-based PCMs. DSC, FT-IR, and scanning electron microscopy measurements were made to investigate the structures and properties of the PCMs. DSC results showed that the latent heats of melting and freezing of the composite PCMs were sharply decreased. Morphology and structural characterization revealed that, in form-stable PCMs, the dispersion of the supporting materials in the camphene/stearic acid matrix is homogeneous and there is no chemical interaction between the CS and composites. The composite PCMs showed excellent thermal stabilities and reliabilities, when their phase-change temperatures were concerned. Theseindicatethatthepreparedcomposite-basedPCMsaresuitableforthermalenergy

An efficient synthesis of the novel 2-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N-(1-adamantyl) hydrazine carbothioamide and its Ni(II) complex are described. Quantum chemical calculations including molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies were carried out for the structures to explain stability and geometry using both density functional (DFT/B3LYP) with 6-311+G(d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets. 1H-NMR chemical shifts were also studied using a gauge-including atomic orbital approach (GIAO), and were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. The Mulliken charges and HOMO–LUMO orbital energies were calculated and analyzed. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energies show that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The maximum positive atomic charge was obtained for C11 and the presence of a large negative charge on O (46) and O (45) for the ligand suggested the bonding of the Ni(II) ion with oxygen atoms. The chemical structures of the compounds were established by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV–Vis spectra, magnetic moments, and thermal analyses. The electronic spectra and magnetic measurement studies revealed that the structure of complex is octahedral. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of the obtained ligand and its complex were determined by using PC3 prostate cancer cell cultures. The results indicated that the ligand showed distinctly better activity than the complex.

Learning processes of individuals in the education system have certain standards. Each individual is educated under the same conditions. Individual differences in the educational process are not taken into account in Turkey. These learning conditions do not vary from person to person. In this study, the lecture notes of a gifted student in (his) science classes are examined. The student was encouraged to keep a diary after his class for a whole semester. The student kept a diary about his Science and Technology classes and wrote down his opinions and what he had experienced during the classes. From the notes the student made, it is specified that the student followed science lessons in the first 15 min. In this 15 min period, the student was not eager to attend the lesson and speak. In the remaining time, he was engaged in what his friends were doing. Besides, he explored the equipment in the laboratory and observed the teacher. Key words: Gifted student, active learning, attitude towards a course, elementary education, Science course

A series of N-ethylpiperazine substitute thioureas [C6N2H13NHCSNHR], where R = -C3H5 (L 1 ), -C10H7 (L 2 ), and -C7H7 (L 3 ), and their copper (II) complexes have been synthesized. These ligands and complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectra, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetrical analyses, and MALDI-TOF MS. In vitro antitumor activity of ligands and their complexes has been screened toward several tumor cell lines. The effects on these complexes of the growth of L1210 and MCF7 were studied comparatively with that of free ligands. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of synthesized compounds were determined by various in vitro assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radicals (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals (ABTS+), and ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelating activities. Moreover, these activities were compared to synthetic and standard antioxidant trolox. The results showed that the synthesized...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the papers published between 2000-2015 in the field of physical sciences education at primary school level. A total of 114 papers from 38 journals were examined via content analysis. Due to the fact that the number of studies in the field of physical sciences education at primary school level conducted before the year 2000 is very low (5), these studies were not evaluated. Out of 10380 papers published between 2000 and 2015, 114 of them were dealt with. It was ascertained that most of these papers were published in 2013 (15.79%). The smallest numbers were 0 in 2000 and 1 in 2001. In terms of the research patterns, it was found out that these papers were mostly scanning studies. It was seen that the papers that were studied dealt with mostly primary school students, followed by bachelor’s degree students doing their degree on primary school teaching. It was also observed that the studies that adopted student and teacher views and included the knowledge and success levels of students came to the fore as research subjects. Scale/inventory, success tests and surveys were mostly preferred as the data collection tools. In the light of the findings, it can be put forward that this study can guide the researchers that intend to conduct studies on primary school level physical sciences education. © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.

N-(1H-Imidazoline-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine hydroiodide was synthesized with excellent yields, and it was converted to free base by using triethylamine under microwave irradiation (MWI) conditions. Its new Mannich, benzyl, and allyl derivatives were synthesized.

In this study, (4-methoxybenzyl)(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)amine hydroiodide (2) was synthesized by reaction of 2-methylmercapto-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine hydroiodide (1) and 4-methoxybenzylamine. The synthesized compound was tested for its in vitro H1-antihistaminic activity on guinea pig trachea. A promising bronchorelaxant effect of 2 was observed in histamine-contracted guinea pig tracheal chain via H1 receptor antagonism. In addition, the molecular geometry and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H chemical shift values of the title compound in the ground state were calculated using the density functional method (DFT/UB3LYP) and Hartree–Fock (HF) approach using 6–311G+(d), 6–311G+(d,p), LANL2DZ, DGDZVP, and DGDZVP2 basis sets and compared with the experimental data. According to the experimental and theoretical results, HF/6–311G+(d) showed a better fit to experimental values in evaluating 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift values. Theoretical studies supported our findings, revealing the N12 atom as the most nucleophilic. In addition, other structures of the compound such as the aromatic ring and OCH3 group increased this property.

Synthesis of N-(1H-imidazoline-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine was carried out under microwave irradiation (MWI) conditions. Dynamic 1H NMR investigation of N-(1H-imidazoline-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine compound was reported at temperature range of 223333 K in DMF-d7. Some physical parameters, such as coalescence temperature (Tc), the free energy of activation (?G*?) and rate constant (k) values were calculated from its 1H NMR spectra at various temperatures. Electrochemical feature of this compound was investigated by cyclic (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV).

2-Aminoimidazolines were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-methylmercapto-4,5-dihydroimidazole hydroiodide with various amine compounds under neat conditions.

Substituted iminoimidazolines were synthesized from a one‐pot reaction of aromatic or hetero‐aromatic amines with imidazolidine‐2‐thione under solvent‐free conditions using microwave irradiation with good to excellent yields.

We explore the factors that shape the extent and scope of the response of G20 countries to a Financial Stability Board (FSB) recommendation aimed at mitigating the risks from financial innovation. Using a formal content analysis of the FSBÕs Implementation Monitoring Network Surveys, we develop an index of disclosed strength of regulatory responses. We find that G20 countries have displayed large interpretive differences, little forward planning and have emphasized regulatory capabilities over firm capabilities when addressing the recommendation. Countries with strong central banks, more concentrated regulatory structures and bank-based financial systems responded more robustly, while countries with a large financial sector were marginally associated with a weaker response. The latter suggests that financial sector lobbying has weakened regulatory responses.

An efficient synthesis of 2-arylamino-2-imidazolines from dimethyl N-aryldithioimidocarbonates and ethylenediamine on solid support under microwave irradiation has been developed. The reaction time has been reduced from hours to minutes with improved yields as compared to conventional heating. Their piperidin-4-ylmethyl and morpholin-4-ylmethyl derivatives were synthesized by treatment with formaldehyde and piperidine or morpholine. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:142–222, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20081

ATAOL, Cigdem YUKSEKTEPE/0000-0001-6098-0328; WOS: 000243191000161 In the title compound, C19H20N4S2 center dot 2H(2)O, the two 1H-benzimidazole groups are bridged by a propane chain; the dihedral angle between the benzimidazole ring systems is 74.61 ( 3)degrees. The organic molecules and solvent water molecules form O - H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds. There are also O - H center dot center dot center dot O, C - H center dot center dot center dot S, C - H center dot center dot center dot pi and pi - pi interactions in the crystal structure.

2-Aminoimidazolines were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-methylmercapto-4,5-dihydroimidazole hydroiodide with various amine compounds under neat conditions.

ATAOL, Cigdem YUKSEKTEPE/0000-0001-6098-0328 WOS: 000284774700014 The titled compound (1), has been synthesized and characterized by IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-HaEuro broken vertical bar pi and aromatic pi-pi interactions. There are also intramolecular N-HaEuro broken vertical bar N and C-HaEuro broken vertical bar N hydrogen bonds in the molecule. The use of quantum chemical calculations to characterise and optimise the choice of material is illustrated by ab initio treatments. Vibrational frequencies and LUMO-HOMO energy difference of 1 have also been investigated by Density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations. Calculated frequencies are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, TurkeyOndokuz Mayis University [F.279]; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [105T419] The authors wish to acknowledge the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Turkey, for the use of the STOE IPDS-II diffractometer (purchased under grant F.279 of the University Research Fund). We are indebted to the The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project No. 105T419) for financial support of this work.