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Introduction Incorrect positioning is one of the main factors for glenoid component loosening in reverse shoulder arthroplasty and component placement can be challenging. This study aimed to assess whether Patient-Specific Instrumentation (PSI) provides better guide pin positioning accuracy and is superior to standard guided and freehand instrumentation methods in cases of glenoid bone deformity. Materials and Methods Based on the Walch classification, five different scapula types were acquired by computed tomography (CT). For each type, two different surgeons placed a guide pin into the scapula using three different methods: freehand method, conventional non-patient-specific guide, and PSI guide. Each method was repeated five times by both surgeons. In these experiments, a total of 150 samples of scapula models were used (5 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 150). Post-operative CT scans of the samples with the guide pin were digitally assessed and the accuracy of the pin placement was determined by comparison to the preoperative planning on a three-dimensional (3D) model. Results The PSI method showed accuracies to the preoperative plan of 2.68 (SD 2.10) degrees for version angle ( p < .05), 2.59 (SD 2.68) degrees for inclination angle ( p < .05), and 1.55 (SD 1.26) mm for entry point offset ( p < .05). The mean and standard deviation errors compared to planned values of version angle, inclination angle, and entry point offset were statistically significant for the PSI method for the type C defected glenoid and non-arthritic glenoid. Conclusion Using the PSI guide created by an image processing software tool for guide pin positioning showed advantages in glenoid component positioning over other methods, for defected and intact glenoid types, but correlation with clinical outcomes should be examined.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, the effects of adrenaline bleeding control on myringosclerosis (MS) development after myringotomy in experimental model were investigated. METHODS: Sixteen Wistar-Albino healthy male rats were used in the experiment. The right and left ear of each rat were accepted as the control group and the ears were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: 8 rats, examined 48 hours after Miringotomy, with adrenaline applied to the left ear. Group 2: 8 rats, examined 120 hours after miringotomy, with adrenaline applied to the left ear. Group 3: 8 rats, examined 48 hours after miringotomy, with saline applied to the right ear. Group 4: 8 rats, examined 120 hours after miringotomy, with saline applied to the right ear.At the end of the experiment, ears of rats were examined otomicroscopically and histopathologically. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of vascular dilatation, congestion, inflammatory cell, leukocyte count, mast cell degranulation, connective tissue increase and sclerosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, we have investigated the view that hemorrhage from the margins of myringotomy and the development of inflammatory cell migration to the myringotomy site and the development of inflammation may contribute to the development of myringosclerosis. It is important that the local administration of adrenaline, by virtue of its vasoconstrictor effect, may reduce the amount of bleeding and thereby prevent the development of myringosclerosis. However, there is a need for wider working groups to determine its statistical significance.

Since Lhermitte-Duclos is a quite rare disorder with both neoplastic and hamartomatous features, clinical and pathological diagnosis can sometimes be challenging. For the pathologist it is of extreme importance to be aware of variable clinical and histopathological presentations of such a rare lesion particularly to differentiate it from the low-grade glial and neuronal tumors. We present four cases of Lhermitte-Duclos in a histopathological perspective. Although enlargement of the internal granular layer of the cerebellum is a consistent finding in our cases, morphological severity was highly variable and in some cases the enlargement was insignificant. Frozen sections of one case did not reveal diagnostic findings. The vacuolar change observed in the paraffin sections was obscure in the frozen. Pathological diagnosis of Lhermitte-Duclos disease can be extremely difficult in the absence of proper clinical information and the pathologist should be watchful for any irregularity in the internal granular layer in evaluating the cerebellar tissue which is otherwise normal.

Aim: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer among men in the world and prostatectomy specimens are one of the most commonly encountered materials in pathology laboratories. Histopathological evaluation of radical prostatectomy specimens provides very important prognostic parameters to predict patient’s prognosis and to choose an appropriate treatment. There is no globally accepted standard grossing method for radical prostatectomy materials. Different grossing protocols are preferred in different centers considering financial condition, storage spaces, number of technicians and pathological workload. Methods: In this study, we evaluated 50 radical prostatectomy specimens using total and partial sampling methods and compared the results. Results: As a result of the partial sampling method the number of blocks per case was reduced prominently, and depending on this workload and financial burden also reduced. The correlation between total and partial sampling methods was statistically significant. Conclusion: Partial sampling method can be a choice of grossing of radical prostatectomy specimens with the help of macroscopic, clinical and radiological findings.

Objectives: The objective of the following study is to clarify a suitable group whereby a bone scan could be spared at the initial staging of prostate cancer, we wished to identify the possible relationship between bone metastasis and clinical and pathological parameters including serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), biopsy Gleason Score (GS), and percentage of pathological cores. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the results of 220 bone scintigraphies, which were done between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2013 in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. These parameters were evaluated together with standard clinicopathological data to determine the prediction ability of the bone scan by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Bone metastases were seen in 44 patients of all 220 patients (20%, 95% confidence interval, 17-24%). In univariate analysis, PSA and biopsy GS were useful in predicting the bone scan result, but ALP and percentage of pathological cores was not. In multivariate analysis, the single most useful parameter in predicting the bone scan result was PSA (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A bone scan seems to be impractical in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with serum PSA level

Acroangiodermatitis is a rare self-limited angioproliferative lesion which can be associated with congenital vascular malformations or acquired venous insufficiency. Despite of its benign character, differential diagnosis of this lesion is very important because it closely resembles Kaposi sarcoma. Here we present a 26-year-old male patient with unilateral, purplish-red colored papules on his right ankle which diagnosed as acroangiodermatitis and discuss histopathological features, differential diagnosis and treatment of this unusual condition.

We aimed, in this study, to determine the distribution of α-1 AR subtypes in rat and human pelvis and calyces, and to evaluate, by comparing these two species, the possibility of rats to be used as models for humans. Twenty patients with renal carcinoma were included into the study. The patients underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). After nephrectomy, specimens were evaluated and excisional biopsies from healthy pelvis and calyces tissues were performed. When pathology confirmed the non-invasion of RCC, specimen was included into the study. A total of 7 adult Wistar Albino (250-300 g) female rats were used in this study. Specimens included renal pelvis and calyces. All specimens were evaluated under light microscope histopathologically. The concentrations of the receptor densities did not differ between the two groups. With the demonstration of the α receptors in rat kidneys and calyces, many receptor-based studies concerning both humans and rats can take place. Novel medication targeting these subtypes -in this matter α1A and α1D for renal pelvis and calyces- may be helpful for expulsive therapy and/or pain relief. With the demonstration of similar receptor densities between human and rat tissues, rat model may be useful for α-receptor trials for renal pelvis and calyces.

Introduction. Renal cell carcinoma can present with several interesting symptoms, paraneoplastic syndromes, and unusual metastatic sites. Head and neck region is one of the rare locations for renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Case Report. A 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with nasal congestion and snoring. Physical examination revealed nasal serous secretion. First taken biopsy was misinterpreted. The symptoms of the patient were not revealed and he was readmitted to the hospital. On radiologic examination, a vascular rich mass in maxillary sinus extending to the nasal cavity was observed. Biopsy was diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Herein, we present a patient with renal cell carcinoma presenting nasal obstruction and snoring as first and recurrent symptom.

Pseudosarcoma of the larynx is a rare and controversial malignant neoplasm. Pseudosarcomas have both a small epidermoid carcinomatous part and major part with a sarcoma-like appearance. The sarcomatoid tissue resembles to fibrosarcomas or some undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Laryngeal pseudosarcoma is most commonly seen with polypoid glottic mass and it may be confused with granulation tissue. We hereby present a case of vocal cord pseudosarcoma. A 68 year-old male presented with a two-months history of hoarseness. A polypoid lesion was removed from the right vocal cord. Initial microscopy showed chronic inflammatory infiltration. Second microscopy showed a polypoid sarcomatoid carcinoma. The patient was treated with right cordectomy. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up of thirty months.

Purpose. We investigated the effect of eritoran, a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, on retinochoroidal inflammatory damage in an endotoxin-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods. Endotoxin-induced inflammatory model was obtained by intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Group 1 had control rats; in groups 2-3 LPS and 0.5 mg/kg sterile saline were injected; and in groups 4-5 LPS and 0.5 mg/kg eritoran were injected. Blood samples were taken and eyes were enucleated after 12 hours (h) (groups 2 and 4) or 24 hours (Groups 3 and 5). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and retinochoroidal tissue and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) levels in retinochoroidal tissue were determined. Histopathological examination was performed and retinochoroidal changes were scored. Results. Eritoran treatment resulted in lower levels of TNF-α, MDA, and NFκB after 12 h which became significant after 24 h. Serum TNF-α and retinochoroidal tissue NFκB levels were similar to control animals at the 24th h of the study. Eritoran significantly reversed histopathological damage after 24 h. Conclusions. Eritoran treatment resulted in less inflammatory damage in terms of serum and retinochoroidal tissue parameters.

The dynamic response of a thermoplastic composite sandwich structure is optimized under random vibration. First, the experimental modal analysis data of a set of test samples are processed by a sequential set of statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and paired sample t-test. Then, the sample with the highest ability to represent the group is taken as the reference data. Three different computational models, which are defined according to whether the solid to be meshed is considered an area or a volume, are constructed. Modal analysis results of the computational models are compared to the reference experimental data to evaluate the performance of the models. To predict the dynamic response of the sandwich beam, it is excited through a random signal in the transverse direction. The nodal acceleration responses are computed in 17 evenly spaced points located on the upper finishing layer of the sandwich beam. Finally, a geometry optimization study is conducted to predict the optimum thicknesses of the 7 layers bonded together to form the sandwich beam. The optimum layer thicknesses that minimize the nodal accelerations at 17 evenly spaced points on the sandwich beam are computed. The current study shows that the shell model has the closest values to the experimental data compared to other models. As far as the dynamic response of a TPC sandwich structure is concerned, it is concluded that the shell model better represents the structure during the modeling phase and leads to concurrently reduced weight and nodal acceleration, when optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of HPV in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) and investigate the distribution of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in PCa in a Turkish population. Materials and methods A total of 96 tissues, which had been obtained using a radical surgery method, formalin-fixed and parafin-embedded, were used in this study. The study group consisted of 60 PCa tissues (open radical prostatectomy) and the control group contained 36 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (BPH) (transvesical open prostatectomy). The presence of HPV and the p53 codon 72 polymorphism was investigated in both groups using real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. Results The results of the real-time PCR showed no HPV DNA in any of the 36 BPH tissue samples. HPV-DNA was positive in only 1 of the 60 PCa samples (1.7%). The HPV type of this sample was identified as HPV-57. The distribution of the three genotypes, Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro was found to be 45.6, 45.6, and 8.8% in the PCa group and 57.1%, 34.3% and 8.6% in the control group, respectively. Compared with the control group, patients with PCa had a higher frequency of the Arg/Pro genotype and Proline allele (odds ratio (OR)=1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.68-4.09, p=0.044; OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.76-1.68, p=0.021, respectively). Conclusions The results of the study do not support the hyphothesis that prostate cancer is associated with HPV infection but indicated that Proline allele can be a risk factor in the development of PCa in the Turkish population.

This research investigates customers' reviews of the restaurant sector in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Although Kazakhstan offers unique foods, beverages, and establishments, few studies have investigated customers' reviews of the restaurant business. Hence, this is a pioneering study examining problems and concerns of the restaurant sector in the eyes of customers in Almaty, Kazakhstan by implementing big data analysis. The scraped dataset from the TripAdvisor website contains more than 13,000 restaurant reviews in different languages between 2010 through 2023. Generally, English and Russian are the two dominant languages used in reviews in Almaty. Text mining techniques of topic modelling and sentiment analysis are applied in order to derive and understand the main focuses, problems, and concerns of restaurant customers. To do this the collected data between 2010--2023 is split into two roughly equal datasets that cover the periods between 2010--2017 and 2018--2023, respectively. It is revealed that while restaurant customers were less satisfied with the service process, the most positive reviews, written in both English and Russian, were obtained for the topic 'Atmosphere and Events'. Considering the service process as a holistic process, analysing the conditions affecting good service delivery and making improvements will urge restaurant customers to form positive opinions. This study provides an opportunity for managerial, operational, and marketing departments in Almaty to improve the restaurant business in the eyes of customers. Since no precise information about the themes of the restaurants is available on the restaurant pages, no thematic distinction could be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]