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Objective . To evaluate the effect of NO added to the sweep gas of the oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the liver and kidneys in pigs. Methods . An experiment was carried out on 10 pigs undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB. NO was added to the sweep gas of the oxygenator at a concentration of 100 ppm for the animals in the experimental group (CPB-NO, n = 5). Animals in the control group (CPB-contr, n = 5) did not receive NO in the sweep gas of the oxygenator. The CPB lasted 4 h, followed by postoperative monitoring for 12 h. To assess the injury to the liver and kidneys, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were determined initially, at weaning from the CPB, and 6 and 12 h after weaning from the CPB. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was evaluated initially, at weaning from the CPB, and 6 and 12 h after weaning from the CPB. A pathomorphological study of the liver and kidneys was performed using semiquantitative morphometry. Results . The long four-hour period of CPB deliberately used in our experiment caused liver and kidney injury. In the CPB-contr group, an increase in the ALT concentration was found: 43 (34; 44) U/L at baseline to 82 (53; 99) U/L 12 h after CPB, p < 0.05. The AST concentration in the CPB-contr group increased from 25 (17; 26) U/L at baseline to 269 (164; 376) U/L 12 h after CPB, p < 0.05. We found no significant increase in the ALT and AST concentrations in the CPB-NO group. There were no significant differences in ALT and AST concentrations between the CPB-NO and CPB-contr groups at all the study time-points. In the CPB-contr group, an increase in the creatinine level was found from 131 (129; 133) µmol/L at baseline to 273 (241; 306) µmol/L 12 h after CPB, p < 0.05. We found no significant increase in creatinine level in the CPB-NO group. Creatinine levels in the CPB-NO group were significantly lower than in the CPB-contr group 12 h after weaning from CPB: 183 (168; 196) vs. 273 (241; 306) µmol/L; p = 0.008. The GFR in the CPB-NO group was significantly higher than in the CPB-contr group 6 h after weaning from CPB: 78.9 (77.8; 82.3) vs. 67.9 (62.3; 69.2) mL/min; p = 0.016. GFR was significantly higher in the CPB-NO group than in the CPB-contr group 12 h after weaning from CPB: 67.7 (65.5; 68.0) vs. 50.3 (48.7; 54.9) mL/min; p = 0.032. We found no significant differences between the study groups in the level of NGAL. We found several differences between the groups in the pathomorphological study. Conclusions . NO added to the sweep gas of the oxygenator reduces creatinine levels and increases GFR during prolonged CPB injury. Further research is required.

The analysis of literary and other information sources (in PubMed, Google Scholar, KiberLeninka and eLibrary databases) devoted to the study of dental manifestations of psychological conditions and the analysis of the ability of dentists to identify psychological predictors of increased tooth erasure in adolescents and young people. Disorders such as stress, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, eating disorders - may be risk factors for the development of increased tooth abrasion. Comorbid conditions such as bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux are also considered. Due to the high mortality of adolescents due to mental illness, early diagnosis of disorders of psychological and mental health of adolescents is extremely relevant. Attention is focused on the possibility of early diagnosis by dentists of psychological and mental problems by the presence and type of increased erasability of teeth. Effective examination and treatment of such patients requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach.

We studied the role of both parts of the autonomic intracardiac nervous system in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). In 12 pigs weighing 39±3 kg, AF was induced by burst stimulation. Chemical inactivation of intrinsic cardiac neurons within the right atria was performed by transendocardial injections of liposomal neuromodulators into the dorsal part of the right atrial wall. Sympathetic and parasympathetic terminals were inactivated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, n=6) and ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A, n=6), respectively. Neuromodulators were encapsulated in liposomes (LS) with diameters of 310±50 nm for OHDA and 290±50 nm for AF64A. LS-6-OHDA and LS-AF64A were injected into the ganglionated plexuses after measuring the baseline effective refractory period and assessing myocardial resistance to AF. These measurements were repeated 90 min after the injections. The optimal doses were 0.2 mg/kg for LS-6-OHDA and 0.4 mg/kg for LS-AF64A (in 4 ml of suspension). Immediately after injections of liposomal neuromodulators, almost all pigs showed an increase in HR, and a short-term BP elevation was observed in the LS-AF64A group. At the end of the experiment, similar decrease in the effective refractory period and similar increase in the resistance to AF were observed in all animals. Thus, selective chemical inactivation of cholinergic and adrenergic terminals of the intracardiac nervous system with liposomal neuromodulators increased the resistance to AF in an acute experiment. However, the short observation period does not allow making a definite conclusion about the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of AF, which requires verification of the obtained data in a chronic experiment., (© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Mechanisms of positive effects of pulmonary artery (PA) denervation (PADN) remain poorly understood. The study aimed to evaluate pulmonary hemodynamic changes after PADN and their association with the extent of PA wall damage in an acute thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) model in swine., Methods: In this experimental sham-controlled study, 17 normotensive male white Landrace pigs (the mean weight 36.2 ± 4.5 kg) were included and randomly assigned to group I (n = 9)-PH modeling before and after PADN, group II (n = 4)-PADN only, or group III (n = 4)-PH modeling before and after a sham procedure. Radiofrequency (RF) PADN was performed in the PA trunk and at the proximal parts of the right and left PAs. PA wall lesions were characterized at the autopsy study using histological and the immunohistochemical examination., Results: In groups I and II, no statistically significant changes in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure nor systemic blood pressure were found after PADN (-0.8 ± 3.4 vs 4.3 ± 8.6 mmHg, P = 0.47; and 6.0 ± 15.9 vs -8.3 ± 7.5 mmHg, P = 0.1; correspondingly). There was a trend towards a lower diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure after PADN in group I when compared with group III during repeat PH induction (34.4 ± 2.9 vs 38.0 ± 0.8; P = 0.06). Despite the presence of severe PA wall damage at the RF application sites, S100 expression was preserved in the majority of PA specimens. The presence of high-grade PA lesions was associated with HR acceleration after PADN (ρ = 0.68, p = 0.03). No significant correlation was found between the grade of PA lesion severity and PA pressure after PADN with or without PH induction., Conclusions: Extended PADN does not affect PH induction using TXA2. Significant PA adventitia damage is associated with HR acceleration after PADN. Possible delayed effects of PADN on perivascular nerves and pulmonary hemodynamics require further research in chronic experiments., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

U46619, a synthetic analogue of thromboxane A2 was used for modeling acute stable and reversible pulmonary arterial hypertension. Administration of U46619 in high doses led to vascular collapse and inhibition of cardiac function. The doses of U46619 were empirically selected that allow attaining the target level of pulmonary hypertension without systemic hemodynamic disturbances. The possibility of attaining the target level of pulmonary hypertension and reversibility of changes after termination of U46619 infusion make this model attractive for evaluation of the efficiency of different therapeutic methods of treatment of pulmonary hypertension in large animals.

For studying the possibility of using catheter denervation of the pulmonary artery for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, large animals, such as pigs, are more suitable, because the diameter of the pulmonary artery in this case allows manipulation of the ablation catheter. The study of the perivascular adipose tissue of the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery in humans and pigs revealed differences in the density and diameter of nerve fibers, but their depth did not differ. Immunohistochemical analysis with different markers of the autonomic nervous system receptors revealed similar receptor profile in human and pigs, though the expression of all studied markers in pigs was less pronounced than in humans. These findings attest to similarity of the innervation of the pulmonary arteries in humans and pigs under normal conditions.

The article presents analysis of results of examination of spectrum, rate of occurrence and number of microorganisms of large intestine in individuals with normal level of glucose in blood and with predisposition to diabetes mellitus type II. The psychodiagnostic study was carried out including estimate of particular psycho-physiologic and social psychological characteristics of personality reflecting characteristics of psychic and social development. It is established that in individuals with predisposition to diabetes mellitus type II microbiota of intestine altered sideway to dysbiosis degree I-II at the expense of increasing of number of opportunistic microflora up to several degrees. In control group normobiocenosis and intestine dysbiosis degree I are established. It is demonstrated that satisfaction with life-quality is approximately the same in both groups of study participants. However, adaptation possibilities are significantly higher in individuals with predisposition to diabetes mellitus type II., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Aim: To select maximally HLA compatible donor for hematological patients who need transplantation of bone marrow from non-relative donor., Materials and Methods: 75 patients with hematological malignancy were observed. All of them have indications to non-relative transplantation of the bone marrow. Methods of polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers and classic microlymphocytotoxic test were used., Results: Typing of HLA antigens of class I and alleles of class II loci enabled search for non-relative donor for transplantation of bone marrow in accordance with the requirements of the European Federation of Immunogenetics. Most of the patients (86.6%) had at least one potential HLA-A, -B, -DR compatible donor. Half of the patients had potential donors typed at the allele level by class II loci. This diminishes time of HLA compatible donor selection., Conclusion: DNA typing enables the search for the non-relative donors meeting modern requirements. This allowed 5 non-relative bone marrow transplantations.