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Removing hemolysis components in serum by MCR-ALS assisted Raman spectroscopy. Disease specific information in serum preserved after MCR-ALS analysis. Digital removal of undesirable components in Raman spectra improves oral cancer diagnosis.

Vishamusthi (Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.), a medicinal plant described as Upavisha (semi-poisonous) group of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Vishamusthi has widely been used and being practiced in several illness namely nervous debility, paralysis, weakness of limbs, sexual weakness, dyspepsia and etc. Ayurveda practices strictly recommend the use of Vishamusthi in therapeutics only after proper shodhana (purificatory procedure) through specific medias such as Gomutra (cow’s urine), Godugdha (cow’s milk), Goghrita (cow’s ghee), and etc. Although various shodhana procedures are recommended in Ayurvedic treatise, but updated scientific researches regarding the shodhana methods are lacking. The present study was undertaken to investigate the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, quantitative estimation of brucine using cutting edge research tools such as high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of Vishamusthi seeds before and after purification. The remarkable changes have been observed in different physicochemical parameters, HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS chromatographic profiling before and after shodhana process of Vishamusthi seeds. Quantitative HPLC studies revealed that the process of shodhana resulted in depletion of toxic brucine (chief poisonous constituent of Vishamusthi seeds) reduced to 79.66% in chloroform extract and 64.54% in ethanol extract after shodhana process.

In Ayurvedic texts, Jayapala or croton tiglium seeds are well known as khumbini for its toxicity (severe purgative action) and are used for the treatment of constipation after shodhana (detoxification) of the seed with godugdha (cow milk). The oil content of the seeds was responsible for the purgative property, and its reduction enhances its medicinal usage. The presence of Crotonoside or iso-guanosine in seed extract was identified in HPTLC and quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography technique both before and after the purification process of the seed. The phytochemicals and physicochemical parameters of seeds were analyzed to find the level of changes in the processed seeds. The other chemical constituents of the seed extracts are studied using different techniques like HPTLC, HPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS. The study has revealed that the detoxification process, as per classical texts, has shown an effective depletion in the quantity of crotonoside in processed seeds.

Monitoring the development of resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in the initial chronic phase (CP) is crucial for limiting the progression of unresponsive patients to terminal phase of blast crisis (BC). This study for the first time demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy to sense the resistant phenotype. Currently recommended resistance screening strategy include detection of BCR-ABL1 transcripts, kinase domain mutations, complex chromosomal abnormalities and BCR-ABL1 gene amplification. The techniques used for these tests are expensive, technologically demanding and have limited availability in resource-poor countries. In India, this could be a reason for more patients reporting to clinics with advanced disease. A single method which can identify resistant cells irrespective of the underlying mechanism would be a practical screening strategy. During our analysis of imatinib-sensitive and -resistant K562 cells, by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), copy number variations specific to resistant cells were detected. aCGH is technologically demanding, expensive and therefore not suitable to serve as a single economic test. We therefore explored whether DNA finger-print analysis of Raman hyperspectral data could capture these alterations in the genome, and demonstrated that it could indeed segregate imatinib-sensitive and -resistant cells. Raman spectroscopy, due to availability of portable instruments, ease of spectrum acquisition and possibility of centralized analysis of transmitted data, qualifies as a preliminary screening tool in resource-poor countries for imatinib resistance in CML. This study provides a proof of principle for a single assay for monitoring resistance to imatinib, available for scrutiny in clinics.

Beauty enhances the self confidence of an individual. Hirsutism is a condition of abnormal growth of hair on any part of the body irrespective of gender. The rejection due to the stigma in the society causes psychology distress in an individual especially women. Around 5 to 10% of women are more prone to such social difficulties. The reason for Hirsutism might be Genetic or unhealthy lifestyle which triggers the pathogenesis. It can be a condition of unknown origin or a secondary one to an underlying illness. Now a day’s many depilation techniques are available like plucking, threading, shaving, waxing, electrolysis, laser therapy etc. These hair removal procedures cause complications like skin lesions, minor burns, scarring, inflammation, etc. Some methods are highly expensive for a common man to afford. Keeping this in view a critical compilation has been carried out to trace out the ancient depilation formulations mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics with special reference to Bruhatreyi (3 major texts in Ayurveda) & Laghutrayi (3 minor texts in Ayurveda) for the benefit of ailing individuals. Study revealed drugs used are of Oudbhida (Plant), Pardhiva (Mineral) and Jangama (Animal) origin. Classical formulations are easily prepared, economical and effective in treating Hirsutism.

Psoriasis is characterized by sharply defined erythematous squamous lesions. It is one of the commonest chronic, non-infectuous papulo-squamous disorder of the skin. Several treatment modalities are in existence in modern system of medicine; however they have limitations due to their side effects due to long time use. Considering this, search for new safe therapeutic regime in psoriasis is going on. The present paper presents some of the promising evidence based Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches in the management of psoriasis.

Greying of hair according to age is common phenomenon. But in modern era due to different kind of stress and changing life style Canities (Palitya) occur in early age. According to W.H.O in India, its incidence is high in the age group of 20-30 years. In Ayurveda premature greying of hair is called as Akala palitya (premature gray hair). According to Ayurveda grey hair is mainly due to the vitiation of Pitta dosha (biological entity related to exothermic reactions or transformation) & reference of Palitya is directly mentioned only in Pitta Prakruti (inherent constitution of an individual). The use of purification procedures of panchakarma (detoxifying therapy) has prime importance in the remedies mentioned for premature greying. Nasya karma (nasal medication) is one of the major rejuvenative treatments. Palliative external & internal medicaments measures like Shiro dhara (pouring oil on head), Shoro pichu (cloth dipped in oil kept on head), Shiro basti (oil is kept on head with an apparatus), Shiro lepa (application of medicated paste over head), Shiro abhyanga (oil massage to head) helps in speedy recovery. The chemical components in the herbs responsible for hair dyeing are discussed

Kharjura(Phoenix dactylifera Linn.) fruits (Kharjura) are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of various diseases in their daily practices. According to Ayurvedic principles, the kharjura fruit Phoenix dactylifera Linn.is sweet (Madhura Rasa) in taste and increase moistness of tissues and balance Pitta and Vata Dosha (humours of body).Its fruits are used in various diseases like Kshaya (Malnutrition), Daha (Burning Sensation), Raktapitta (blood disorders), Murchha (Syncope), Trishna (Thirst), Shrama(exhaustion), Jwara (fever), Swasa (respiratory disorders), Kasa (cough), Madatyaya (Alcoholism) etc. Present study highlights pharmacognostical difference between varieties of two fresh fruits of Kharjura and one variety of Dry Kharjura. The results revealed that the fresh Kharjura variety contains presence of groups of stone cell, lignified stone cells layer, mesocarp cells, cells of parenchyma with starch grains, and dry Kharjura variety contain saccharine contents while silica deposition, starch grains, vascular bundle after stain with xylem.

Meningiomas represent one of the most frequently reported non-glial, primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Meningiomas often display a spectrum of anomalous locations and morphological attributes, deterring their timely diagnosis. Majority of them are sporadic in nature and thus the present-day screening strategies, including radiological investigations, often result in misdiagnosis due to their aberrant and equivocal radiological facets. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore less invasive and patient-friendly biofluids such as serum for their screening and diagnostics. The utility of serum Raman spectroscopy in diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of cancers has been reported in the literature. In the present study, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we have explored Raman spectroscopy to classify the sera of meningioma and control subjects. For this exploration, 35 samples each of meningioma and control subjects were accrued and the spectra revealed variance in the levels of DNA, proteins, lipids, amino acids and β-carotene, i.e., a relatively higher protein, DNA and lipid content in meningioma. Subsequent Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Component-Linear Discriminant Analysis (PC-LDA) followed by Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) and limited independent test data, in a patient-wise approach, yielded a classification efficiency of 92% and 80% for healthy and meningioma, respectively. Additionally, in the analogous analysis between healthy and different grades of meningioma, similar results were obtained. These results indicate the potential of Raman spectroscopy in differentiating meningioma. As present methods suffer from known limitations, with the prospective validation on a larger cohort, serum Raman spectroscopy could be an adjuvant/alternative approach in the clinical management of meningioma.

Sthaulya (Obesity) is a lifestyle and metabolic disorder. Ayurveda treated Sthaulya as a Santarpanottha Vikara (diseases due to excessive nutrition) which has been identified as one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Medodushti (disorders of fat metabolism) serves as one of the important etiological factor. In Ayurveda herbal drugs are being used to lower the levels of serum cholesterol for the treatment and prevention of this disorder. In this regard, an attempt has been made to review the drugs useful in Sthaulya specifically mentioned in Ganas (group of drugs) of Ayurvedic classical texts which are useful in prevention and management of conditions like Dyslipidemia and its complications.Â