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Brilliant green, also known as ethanaminium, is a triarylmethane dye derivative that has been employed as a coloring agent in the textile industry. A sizable volume of vivid green dye was made in a lab while the physio-chemical properties were investigated. This study looked at how to extract the brilliant green dye from the aqueous reagent using the coagulation-flocculation method to provide the desired features. Used as a flocculant and coagulant, respectively, polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) solution and hydrochloric acid (HCl) employed to alter the pH during the treatment process. Different pH values and coagulant and flocculant dosages used in a series of jar tests. The supernatant aqueous effluent determined by numerous experimental studies termed turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, and suspended solids (SS) after every experimental analysis and after the practical investigation. The effectiveness of the treatment ranged from a turbidity reduction of 40%-98% to the elimination of 15%-99.2% of COD and a range of 20%-97.3% of suspended particles. In order to optimize removal efficiency, the optimal parameters for the entire quadratic model found using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). By using SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses, the surface morphology of the sludge characterized. The treatment of brilliant green dye in aqueous solution identified as the successful solution by this coagulation-flocculation procedure using jar test equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most water systems that support ecosystems and feed humans are depleted or stressed. Aquifer characteristics, topography, subsurface activities, climate, and geochemical processes regulate groundwater availability, a reliable source of fresh water. Globally, agriculture, industries, and the domestic sector are the three major sectors that consume vast quantities of freshwater resources. Further anthropogenic activities, such as soil leaching, acid rain, fertilizer, pesticides, mining, and other industrial activities, resulted in the release of organic and inorganic pollutants that affected global water resources. In India, groundwater is used in huge quantities, resulting in groundwater depletion of 1 to 2 m a year. Low-income countries face many issues related to water pollution, and the availability of safe water is minimal. In 2019, deaths due to unsafe sanitation accounted for 2.2% of the total global deaths, amounting to 1.2 million people's deaths. India recorded 6.6% of deaths due to unsafe sanitation in 2019. India and China accounted for around 90.41% and 60.4% of the groundwater utilization for agricultural purposes, respectively. In 2020, China and India utilized vast quantities of nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) for crop growth to enhance crop yield, resulting in the highest nitrate and phosphate concentrations in groundwater. Remediating contaminants from different sources requires knowledge of their concentration, behavior, cycling, and degradation pathways. According to safety guidelines, limiting and optimizing crop organic and inorganic fertilizer, pesticide waste disposal, and empty container disposal can reduce groundwater contamination. The present study summarized groundwater utilization in various sectors, potential sources of groundwater contamination impacts on human health and the environment, preventive measures, and mitigation methods to overcome groundwater pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine seaweed is considered as one of the efficient tools for the mitigation of carbon dioxide and it is naturally overgrown in India. Biochar produced from seaweeds will remediate the toxic pollutants present in the soil and wastewater. The current investigation examined the potential of biochar synthesized from Ulva reticulata for the decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3 R (RBO3R). An up-flow-packed bed column is designed to check the feasibility of the effluent treatment in a real wastewater system. The partition coefficient was calculated to elucidate the optimal initial RBO3R concentration that has the highest affinity toward the biochar and the column operating parameters namely sorbent bed depth, flowrate and the initial RBO3R concentration were also studied. To validate the experimental data mathematical models namely the modified dose-response model (MDR) and Yoon Nelson model (YN) were developed. The results concluded that the removal efficiency of 69.08% and sorption capacity of 0.1046 mmol/g was obtained. The biochar potential has been assessed by conducting three sorptions and an elution cycle continuously using 0.01 M sodium hydroxide as the elutant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]