Search

The substantial impact of nanotechnology on material sciences is exemplified through zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs), which play a pivotal role in healthcare and environmental applications. This comprehensive review focuses on the eco‐friendly synthesis of ZnO NMs and their cutting‐edge practices in biomedical, including drug delivery, bioimaging, and anticancer therapies. Exploring environmentally responsible production techniques for ZnO NMs aims to mitigate risks associated with conventional methods, such as the use of costly and toxic precursors. In addition, these green methodologies present opportunities for generating diverse and significant morphologies. The study delves into the inhibitory effects of these NMs against microbes, cancer, and inflammation. The utilization of ZnO NMs in disease treatment and diagnosis prompts us to explore recent developments in emerging biomedical applications. Leveraging ZnO variable optical characteristics, biodegradability, inherent biocompatibility, adaptable surface chemistry, and high stability, the review covers a range of remarkable research studies for novel applications that possibly open up the potential for identifying, treating, and preventing serious human diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular therapy is considered a better option for the treatment of degenerative disorders. Different cell types are being used for tissue regeneration. Despite extensive research in this field, several issues remain to be addressed concerning cell transplantation. One of these issues is the survival and homing of administered cells in the injured tissue, which depends on the ability of these cells to adhere. To enhance cell adherence and survival, Rap1 GTPase was activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as in cardiomyocytes (CMs) by using 8‐pCPT‐2′‐O‐Me‐cAMP, and the effect on gene expression dynamics was determined through quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. Pharmacological activation of MSCs and CMs resulted in the upregulation of connexin‐43 and cell adhesion genes, which increased the cell adhesion ability of MSCs and CMs, and increased the fusion of MSCs with neonatal CMs. Treating stem cells with a pharmacological agent that activates Rap1a before transplantation can enhance their fusion with CMs and increase cellular regeneration. Significance Statement: Pharmacological activation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) resulted in upregulation of cell adhesion genes. This, in turn, increased the cell adhesion ability of MSCs and CMs and promoted the fusion of MSCs with neonatal CMs. Treatment of stem cells before transplantation with a pharmacological agent that leads to Rap1a activation can promote the fusion of MSCs with CMs, leading to increased cellular regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]