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Foliar sprays of fungicides were evaluated in a field where winter wheat cv. Joss Cambier was subject to a severe natural infection of yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.). Almost complete freedom from the disease was achieved on the leaves from repeated applications of BAS 3170F. This material prevented the development of appreciable disease for up to four weeks after spraying. Other chemicals gave varying degrees of protection but most lacked persistence. Control of ear infection was less satisfactory. The untreated crop, which was heavily attacked by yellow rust, showed a yield reduction of 34 per cent compared with the crop receiving greatest protection. The relationship between yield and yellow rust at growth stage 11.1 was statistically significant; the loss of yield recorded was 0.022 t/ha for each one per cent increase in the level of yellow rust on the flag leaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was made of the effect of sheep urine and some of its components on herbage production. The return of urine to the sward increased production from the grass species; the clover content of the sward was reduced. The application of nitrogen or potassium fertilizer equivalent to the normal return of nitrogen and potassium in urine increased production, but not as much as urine. The return of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer together increased production and altered botanical composition in much the same way as did urine. On a grass-dominant urine-treated sward the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the "efficiency" of urine. The effect of urine on a grass/clover sward was almost entirely due to its nitrogen and potassium content. The water and indole acetic acid content of urine had no effect on pasture production or composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]