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Objective: The objectives are to discover the health impact of cigarette smoke, the factors make adolescents’ smoking behavior, and how guided inquiry and other rules for preventing smoking behavior. Method: This research uses a literature review research method or literature study, collecting several sources that can later be used as a reference. This research is obtained from the seventy-five journals reviewed. Results: Based on the literature review, so many destructive impacts of cigarette smoke on health. Mostly factor in smoking behavior is an advertisement of cigarettes. Preventive ways to stop adolescents smoking behavior are also available. Nevertheless, the most effective ways are school-based learning. Primarily health education with guided inquiry learning based. Novelty: Previous research by another researcher needs to explain the factors of adolescent smoking behavior sufficiently; the previous research also needs to mention the prevention of that behavior. This research shows the health impact of smoking and prevention in social life, and this research shows the role of guided inquiry for prevention.

A critical aspect of measuring judgment in the 21st century is scientific literacy. In addition to the scientific literacy aspect as part of the grade 21 skills assessment, there are other essential aspects, namely student problem-solving skills. Based on the articles collected, it can be concluded that to meet the necessities of life in various situations in the global era, Literacy ability is a fundamental thing that all students must own. The role of scientific literacy instruments is needed to measure students' science problem-solving abilities. Because scientific literacy is an individual's ability to identify, explain and conclude scientific evidence by using the ability to solve problems based on how to understand, plan, solve, and reassess. This can be seen from the many theories and teaching methods that support the results obtained from the forty-four journals reviewed. The criteria for the articles used are those published in 2017-2022. The purpose of this article review is to determine the role of scientific literacy instruments in measuring students' problem-solving abilities by using a literature review that gathers sources from several previous articles.

This research is motivated by the increasing competitiveness potential of private Islamic elementary schools in Indonesia. Competition in the education sector is characterized by the relevance of community needs, oriented to modernity with the principle of mutual justice, and substance oriented in harmony with global cooperation and competition. Educational competitiveness requires leadership support in improving and developing the quality of education (Waruwu et al., 2022). However, little is known about the support of visionary leadership and improving the quality of school competitiveness. This study aims to explore the support of visionary leadership and the quality of education on the competitiveness of schools. This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods to determine the average of each variable and continues with the correlational method. The instrument was a closed questionnaire distributed to 59 Islamic elementary schools in East Jakarta. The respondents are teachers and parents who are members of the school committee management team. A total of 481 respondents consisted of 222 teachers and 259 representatives of parents. The results showed that visionary leadership support, quality improvement, and school competitiveness were in the high category at private Islamic elementary schools in East Jakarta, Indonesia. All variables partially have a significant effect on school competitiveness. This study recommends that principals and stakeholders are committed to continuously improving schools’ quality to match global competitiveness. Therefore, visionary leadership skills are needed so that school principals are able to think far ahead and are global so that challenges can be faced and competition can be conquered.

Bangil adalah salah satu kecamatan yang ada di Pasuruan sekaligus sebagai ibukota Kabupaten. Secara Geografis, letak Kecamatan Bangil merupakan daerah paling utara di Kabupaten Pasuruan. Pemanfaatan lahan pertanian di bangil tidak hanya digunakan untuk menanam padi, tetapi jenis tanaman dan jenis ikan air tawar bisa menjadi alternatif sebagai pemanfaatan lahan yang ada di wilayah Bangil. Menurut Badan Statistik pada tahun 2021 hasil produksi padi mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,43%. Penurunan produksi pertanian terutama di daerah bangil kelurahan Manarwi terjadi akibat kurangnya pemerataan ketersediaan air dan mengandalkan ketersediaan air di musim hujan saja. Untuk itu agar pemerataan air tercukupi dengan baik, perlu adanya alat alternatif sebagai penyalur ketersediaan kebutuhan air. Pompa air berbasis energi terbarukan bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Dengan konsep pompa air yang ramah lingkungan, mudah dibuat dan di aplikasikan, tidak membutuhkan bahan bakar atau peralatan elektronik menjadi alternatif baru dan memberikan keuntungan dalam menekan pengeluaran dan tergolong sebagai alat yang murah serta bisa digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Hal ini mendorong tim PKM untuk memberikan pengarahan dan pembuatan pompa air berbasis free energy kepada masyarakat di wilayah Manarwi. Komponene masyarakat diajak untuk terlibat dalam pembuatan dan pemanfaatan pompa air berbasis free energi ini, meliputi pemerintahan tingakat desa, dan masayarakat di wilayah manarwi. Tahapan pelatihan dan pembuatan Pompa free energy ini meliputi pengetahuan tentang free energy water pump, menjelaskan prinsip kerja free energy water pump, pembuatan free energy water pump, dan menjelaskan serta pengaplikasian free energy water pump dalam bidang pertanian. Keberhasilan pelatihan ini dievaluasi baik pelaksanaannya maupun hasilnya. Evaluasi tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket respon peserta pelatihan terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan. Hasil angket respon adalah sebagai berikut : terhadap perlunya kegiatan PKM ini sebesar 85%, wawasan system kerja water pump 85%, wawasan tentang prinsip gaya gravitasi pada sistem water pump 82,5%, kegiatan diskusi 80%, pembuatan alat 90%, dan perlunya perkembangan alat 92,5%. The Implementation of Making a Free Energy Water Pump to Improve the Availability of Water Needs on Agricultural Land for the Community of Manarwi Bangil Pasuruan Village Bangil is one of the sub-districts in Pasuruan, which is also the district capital. Geographically, the location of Bangil District is the northernmost area in Pasuruan Regency. The utilization of agricultural land in Bangil is not only used for planting rice, but types of plants and freshwater fish can be an alternative for land use in the Bangil area. According to the Statistics Agency, in 2021, rice production will decrease by 0.43%. The decline in agricultural production, especially in the Bangil area of ??the Manarwi sub-district, occurred due to the lack of equal distribution of water availability and reliance only on water availability in the rainy season.For this reason, so that water distribution is fulfilled correctly, it is necessary to have an alternative tool as a distributor of the availability of water needs. Renewable energy-based water pumps can be an alternative to overcome this. With the concept of a water pump that is environmentally friendly, easy to make and apply, and does not require fuel or electronic equipment, it is a new alternative. It provides the advantage of reducing expenses, is classified as a cheap tool, and can be used for a long time. This prompted the PKM team to give directions and manufacture water pumps based on free energy for the people in the Manarwi area. Community components are invited to be involved in the manufacture and use of this free energy-based water pump, including village-level government and the community in the Manarwi area. The stages of training and making this free energy pump include knowledge, explaining the working principles, making free energy water pumps, and explaining and applying free energy water pumps in agriculture. The success of this training is evaluated both in its implementation and results. The evaluation was carried out using a questionnaire from the training participants' responses to the performance of the training activities. The results of the response questionnaire are as follows: regarding the need for this PKM activity by, 85%, insight into the working system of the water pump 85%, insight into the principle of gravitational force in the water pump system 82.5%, discussion activities 80%, tool making 90%, and the need for tool development 92.5%.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tentang pelaksanaan supervisi akademik dalam meningkatkan profesional guru di MA Darul ‘Ulum di Taman Sari Pati, yang meliputi progam, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, factor pendukung dan penghambat yang dihadapi kepala Madrasah Aliyah Daarul ‘Ulum Taman Sari Pati. Melalui kegiatan supervisi, madrasah dapat membantu guru yang mengalami kesulitan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dan untuk meningkatkan profesionalismenya. Penelitian ini mengunakan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, subyek penelitian kepala Madrasah, wakil kepala Madrasah dan guru. Hasil peneitian ini antara lain; supervisi kepala madrasah dalam mengembangkan kompetensi profesional guru berjalan sebagaimana yang direncanakan. Peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru hasilnya meliputi; penguasan materi, menguasai kompetensi dasar, mengembangkan materi, mengembangkan profesionalitas secara berkelanjutan dengan melakukan tindakan reflektif, memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of 3D models online modules to practice mastery of solar system conceptual knowledge. The effectiveness of the 3D models online modules was measured using a conceptual knowledge mastery test instrument which was tested on 15 7th grade junior high school students in Jombang district, East Jawa, Indonesia. The test instrument consisted of 30 questions with the addition of the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) which was divided into 3 meetings and each meeting tested 10 questions. The results showed that 48.67% of students had been able to master conceptual knowledge when given the 3D models online modules. However, 31.11% of students experienced misconceptions, 8.44% answered correctly because of luck and 11.78% had not been able to master conceptual knowledge. Because the resulting misconceptions fall into the moderate criteria, it can be concluded that the 3D models online modules in general has not been effective in practicing mastery of solar system conceptual knowledge. When examined further, this ineffectiveness is found in the cognitive dimensions of C4, learning indicators (LI) 1, 3 and 4, as well as conceptual knowledge sub-types (CKST) 1 and 3. While the effective 3D models online modules in cognitive dimensions C2 and C5, learning indicators (LI) 2 and 5, and conceptual knowledge sub-types (CKST) 2

Penelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis bahasa mandarin, menyusun model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa sehingga minat belajar bahasa mandarin meningkat secara signifikan dan menjadikan pembelajaran bahasa mandarin sebagai program unggulan di SMA walisongo. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik menggunakan wawancara, pengumpulan data observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin di SMA walisongo pecangaan jepara menggunakan model pembelajaran kolaborasi tiga model, alm mind, mapping atau role playing. Model ALM ( Audio Lingual Method) digunakan untuk menghafal, software model mind mapping digunakan untuk berlatih membaca dan menulis, dan metode role playing digunakan untuk berkomunikasi. Pencapaian hasil belajar bahasa mandarin SMA walisongo pecangaan memenuhi target yang diharapkan, melalui tiga model pembelajaran yang dijelaskan di atas menunjukkan bahwa siswa dapat menghafal kosakata dan ekspresi sebagai syarat peningkatan kelas. Selain itu siswa mampu membaca dan menulis serta berkomunikasi dengan lancar sesuai dengan prestasi belajarnya.Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran, Metode pembelajaran, Mandarin

Polysulfones are hydrophobic which can reduce membrane permeability. Permeability can be increased through the application of hydrophilic materials such as GO-Fe 3 O 4 to the polysulfone membrane so that the membrane is hydrophilic. The riset purpose to determine the effect of the percentage weight of different material compositions on the hydrophilicity properties of the polysulfone membrane. Membrane fabrication is carried out using the phase inversion method where the polymer solution is molded in a place and immersed in a coagulation bath containing non-solvent. This solvent exchange causes the polymer to form a solid matrix and become a membrane. The results showed that GO particles were successfully doped with Fe 3 O 4 material shown by XRD analysis at a peak of 35.61˚ with a magnetite phase, while FTIR analysis showed that there was an absorption band characteristic of Fe-O streching vibrations. The results of the contact angle test on the GO-Fe 3 O 4 /PSF membrane 0.75 wt per cent were around 73.17˚ which showed the smallest hydrophobic value and the membrane surface morphology had an average pore size of 333.61 nm so that the addition of GO-Fe 3 O 4 composites could increase membrane hydrophilicity. DOI: 10.17977/um024v6i22021p055

Pandemi COVID-19 telah menurunkan penghasilan, menghilangkan pekerjaan, mengganggu kesehatan masyarakat. Tanpa kecuali masyarakat desa Iker Iker Cerme Gresik harus bisa mengatasi dan bangkit melalui hasil panen Cabe mereka. Pandemi mempengaruhi penjualan cabe beserta olahannya dan bidang kuliner yang memanfaatkannya. Cabe merupakan bahan pokok yang tidak stabil harga dan pasokannya, cuaca dan kondisi alam sangat mempengaruhi produktivitasnya. Kekeringan yang panjang dan hujan yang berlebihan menjadi kendala bagi petani Cabe. Harga cabe yang terus melambung, membuat tengkulak menangguk untung sesaat tetapi masyarakat umum yang resah. Harga Cabe mahal saat stok di petani habis atau menipis. Kisaran harga yang terlalu fluktuatif tersebut mengganggu bagi petani dan masyarakat serta bidang wirausaha kuliner yang berbahan dasar Cabe. Solusi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut tim PkM Unesa berkolaborasi, bersinergi mengedukasi ibu-ibu PKK menangani hasil cabe dengan diversifikasi olahan berbahan dasar cabe. Dilakukan pelatihan dengan metode tanya jawab, demonstrasi dan praktek untuk menghasilkan olahan yang variatif menjadi abon cabe, saus cabe, stik cabe, aneka sambal cabe, bubuk cabe, berkedel cabe, yang higienis dengan pengemasannya. Kegiatan PkM yang dilakukan menyebabkan ibu-ibu PKK desa Iker Iker memiliki keterampilan pengolahan Cabe dan timbul jiwa wira usaha baru untuk menambah penghasilan bagi keluarga dimasa Pandemi Covid-19.

Kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin pendidikan bertugas untuk menciptakan situasi belajar mengajar sehingga guru-guru dapat mengajar dan murid-murid dapat belajar dengan baik. Maka kepala sekolah hendaknya mampu menjalankan fungsi sebagai pendidik, manajer, administrator, supervisor, leader, inovator, dan motivator yang baik agar dapat dikatakan bahwa kepala sekolah memiliki kemampuan yang baik. Selain kepala sekolah, guru juga menjadi salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kualitas pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya profesionalisasi keguruan yaitu peningkatan segala daya dan usaha dalam rangka pencapaian secara optimal layanan yang akan diberikan kepada masayarakat. Untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru, kepala sekolah dapat mengupayakan kelompok yang kompak (kohesif), cerdas, serta membuat saling terkait dan terikat antar fungsi dan antar warganya, menumbuhkan solidaritas atau kerjasama atau kolaborasi dan bukan kompetisi sehingga terbentuk iklim kolektifitas yang dapat menjamin kepastian output sekolah. Kepala Sekolah menciptakan situasi yang dapat menumbuhkan kreativitas dan memberikan peluang kepada warganya untuk melakukan eksperimen-eksperimen untuk menghasilkan kemungkinan-kemungkinan baru, meskipun hasilnya tidak selalu benar.

The preparation of Co-doped magnetite ferrofluids from natural sand was developed using a double-layer technique. The Co-doped magnetite nanoparticles formed a spinel phase with lattice parameters in the range of 8.355–8.422 A and tended to agglomerate with the particle sizes of 7–12 nm. The presence of the first and second layers from oleic acid and DMSO was detected by the infrared spectrum as well as the olive oil used as a carrier liquid. The saturation magnetization of the superparamagnetic samples decreased from 24.4 to 4.8 emu/g with decreasing Co2+ composition. The particle size and electrostatic forces between the magnetic particles and the microbes played an essential role in inhibiting microbial growth. Interestingly, the increasing Co2+ composition enhanced the superior performance of the ferrofluids against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. With additional extensive investigation, we believe that the prepared Co-doped magnetite double-layered ferrofluids from natural sand with superior antimicrobial performance can be new significant antimicrobial agents.

Electrospinning adalah metode yang efektif dalam fabrikasi membran berbasis nanofiber. Membran nanofiber yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan metode electrospinning lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan membran konvensional seperti inversi fasa, sintering, dan track etching. Keunggulan tersebut diantaranya memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik dan porositas tinggi (≥90%) dibandingkan membran konvensional yang hanya memiliki porositas 10—20%. Membran nanofiber dapat digunakan pada proses pengolahan air untuk mengatasi masalah krisis air. Proses filtrasi membran terdapat empat tahap diantaranya ultrafiltrasi, mikrofiltrasi, nanofiltrasi, dan reverse osmosis. Karakteristik membran nanofiber dalam aplikasi purifikasi air diantaranya mampu menghalangi garam, bakteri, dan logam berat. dari proses pengolahan air menggunakan membran nanofiber diharapkan memperoleh air dengan kontaminan seminimal mungkin.Kata Kunci: Electrospinning, Membran, NanofiberAbstractElectrospinning is an effective method to fabricate nanofiber based membrane. Nanofiber membrane was produced using the electrospinning method is superior compared to conventional membrane such as phase inversion, sintering, and track etching. The advantages include having good mechanical properties and high porosity (≥90%) compared to conventional membrane which only have 10—20% porosity. Nanofiber membrane can be used in water treatment processes to overcome the water crisis problems. There are four processes of membrane filtration including ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. The characteristics of nanofiber membrane that used in water purification include being able to block salts, bacteria, and heavy metals. The results of the water treatment process using nanofiber membrane is expected to obtain water with minimum contaminants.Keywords: Electrospinning, Membrane, Nanofiber

Kebutuhan air untuk kehidupan manusia sangat tinggi, terutama untuk memenuhi permintaan pasokan air, seperti untuk air minum, memasak, mencuci, mandi, dan lain-lain. Campuran kompleks senyawa organik yang termasuk polutan organik adalah asam humat. Metode adsropsi digunakan untuk mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi, efisiensi adsorpsi dan konsentrasi sisa asam humat menggunakan hasil dari UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian XRD dan FTIR nanokomposit Fe3O4/SiO2 menunjukkan bahwa Fe3O4 telah berhasil terlapisi oleh silika dan teridentifikasi gugus fungsi ikatan Fe-O-Fe dan ikatan Si-O-Si. Hasil uji UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa nanokomposit Fe3O4/SiO2 dapat mengadsorpsi polutan organik yaitu asam humat. Massa yang paling baik digunakan adalah 0,05 gram dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi 0,280 mg/g. Kata kunci : Nanokomposit, asam humat, adsorpsi, kapasitas adsorpsi

Methylene blue merupakan senyawa organik non-biodegradable yang dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan terutama pencemaran air. Methylene blue merupakan pewarna sintetis yang memiliki gugus benzene dan sulit untuk didegradasi. Sehingga upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk menghilangkan methylene blue dalam air yaitu menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Metode ini dilakukan dengan mensintesis Fe3O4/SiO2 sebagai absorben dengan metode in-situ, dimana Fe3O4 memiliki sifat kemagnetan yang dapat menghilangkan katalis dan limbah zat warna, sementara SiO2 memiliki sifat kompabilitas yang baik sebagai bahan pelapis magnetik. Nanokomposit Fe3O4/SiO2 sebelum diaplikasikans sebagai adsorpsi dikarakterisasi dengan uji XRD dan FTIR. Dari hasil XRD dapat deketaui pola difraksi nanokomposit Fe3O4/SiO2 bersesuaian dengan pola difraksi Fe3O4, sedangkan FTIR menunjukkan keberdaan SiO2. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi larutan berpengaruh terhadap nilai kapasitas adsorpsi. Semakin besar konsentrasi larutan methylene blue maka nilai kapasitas adsorpsinya semakin besar yaitu 2,41 mg/g sedangkan nilai efisiensinya menurun yaitu 84%. Kata Kunci: Nanopartikel, Methylene blue, Kapasitas adsorpsi ABSTRACT Methylene blue is a non-biodegradable organic compound that can cause environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Methylene blue is a synthetic dye that has a benzene group and is difficult to degrade. So that efforts can be made to remove methylene blue in water using the adsorption method. This method is carried out by synthesizing Fe3O4/ SiO2 as absorbent by the in-situ method, where Fe3O4 has magnetic properties that can eliminate catalysts and dye waste, while SiO2 has good compatibility properties as a magnetic coating material. Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites before being applied as adsorption were characterized by XRD and FTIR tests. From the XRD results, it can be determined that the Fe3O4/ SiO2 nanocomposite diffraction pattern corresponds to the Fe3O4 diffraction pattern, while the FTIR shows the presence of SiO2. The results showed that variations in the concentration of the solution affect the value of the adsorption capacity. The greater the concentration of the methylene blue solution, the greater the adsorption capacity value is 2.41 mg / g while the efficiency value decreases by 84%. Keywords: Nanoparticle, Methylene blue, Adsorption capacity

Pada abad ini, air yang tercemar oleh logam berat adalah salah satu masalah lingkungan. Adsropsi merupakan metode yang paling effektif dan efisien. Metode adsropsi digunakan untuk mengetahui kapasitas adsorpsi, efisiensi adsorpsi dan konsentrasi sisa Tembaga (II) menggunakan hasil dari Voltammetry Cyclic. Hasil penelitian XRD dan FTIR Fe3O4@SiO2 menunjukkan bahwa Fe3O4 telah berhasil terlapisi oleh silika dan teridentifikasi gugus fungsi ikatan Fe-O-Fe dan ikatan Si-O-Si. Pengujian kapasitas adsorpsi dilakukan untuk efek massa adsorban, konsentrasi ion logam berat dan waktu kontak eksternal. Kapasitas adsorpsi menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya massa adsroben dan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi logam berat. Massa Fe3O4@SiO2 0,15 gram adalah massa paling baik untuk adsorpsi ion Cu2+ dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 2.4 mg/g. Kata kunci : Nanopartikel, logam berat, adsorpsi, kapasitas adsorpsi Abstract In this century, water that is polluted by heavy metals is one of the environmental problems. Adsorption is the most effective and efficient method. Adsorption method is used to determine the adsorption capacity, adsorption efficiency and concentration of Copper (II) residues using the results of Cyclic Voltammetry. The results of XRD and FTIR Fe3O4@SiO2 research showed that Fe3O4 was successfully coated with silica and identified the functional groups of Fe-O-Fe bonds and Si-O-Si bonds. Adsorption capacity testing is done for the effect of mass of adsorban, heavy metal ion concentration and external contact time. The adsorption capacity decreases with increasing mass of adsrobent and increases with increasing concentration of heavy metals. The mass of Fe3O4 @ SiO2 0.15 gram is the best mass for adsorption of Cu2+ ions with adsorption capacities of 2.4 mg / g. Keywords: Nanoparticles, heavy metals, adsorption, adsorption capacity

Natural zeolite is one of the alternative adsorbents with good absorption capabilities, including in absorbing color. The adsorption ability of zeolite can be increased by the activation process because it can increase the Si/Al ratio and pore size. Dragon fruit peel is a natural material that can be used as a natural dye because it contains betacyanin pigments which are equivalent to synthetic dyes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of activated green and brown zeolite and their adsorption ability on natural dyes of dragon fruit peel. Zeolite was activated chemically using 3M HCl solution and physically through a heating process of 500°C, then characterized using XRD and FTIR. The zeolite adsorption process was carried out with variations in contact time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and variations in the mass of the adsorbent 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 grams. The results of XRD analysis showed that the green and brown zeolite contained mordenite, nepheline and quartz minerals. The highest percentage of color degradation in the adsorption process was in brown zeolite at 27.70% at a contact time of 90 minutes and 88.2% at an adsorbent mass of 0.5 grams. Differences in brown zeolite before and after adsorption can be seen from the shift in the wavelength of each functional group due to the interaction with dragon fruit peel.