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Intestinal bleeding are important cause of hospital admissions and death, being relevant in critically weak patients and those with arthritis and osteoarthritis using NSAIDs. Omepazole is the first choice drug for prophylaxis of stress ulcer and NSAID complications prevention, because it prevent not only duodenal but also gastric ulcer and eradication of H pylori used with antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of use, indications and characteristics of population using omeprazole. A qualitative and quantitative drug utilization study was done. In-hospital adults at a University Hospital constituted study population. From 91 patients studied, the majority suffered from cancer (24.2%). Average length of stay and omeprazole use time was 20 and 12 days, respectively. Abdominal surgery team was the higher omeprazole prescriber, and main indication was post-surgery. Although most of omeprazole uses was acceptable, those could be better evaluated. T could be useful implementing a pharmaceutical care program and creating a omeprazole use guideline with the objective of prescribing it in a more rationale and adequate way for each patient.

In ischaemic stroke, thrombolytic drugs speed the recanalisation of intracerebral arteries. The effects of aspirin are not known. A trial was conducted to determine whether, separately or together, streptokinase and aspirin have clinical benefits in acute ischaemic stroke similar to those in acute myocardial infarction. 622 patients with acute ischaemic stroke within 6 hours of symptom onset were randomised with a 2x2 factorial design to (i) a 1-hour intravenous infusion of 1 . 5 MU streptokinase, (ii) 300 mg/day buffered aspirin for 10 days, (iii) both active treatments, or (iv) neither. Early results raised a question whether the trial should be continued. Streptokinase (alone or with aspirin) was associated with an excess of 10-day case fatality (odds ratio 2 . 7; 95% confidence interval 1 . 7-4 . 3; 2p

Dasyrhicnoessa tripunctata Sasakawa, 1974 Mathis & Munari, 1996: 12; Munari, 2002: 548, 550. Material examined. Australia, Queensland: Gladstone, mangroves, 19.xii.1961, D.K. McAlpine, 1♀. Papua New Guinea, Oro Bay, Northern Dist., 9.xii.1972, G.A. Holloway, 2♀♀; Port Moresby, mangroves, 25.x.1963, D.K. McAlpine, 13 1♀. Distribution. Australasian/Oceanian: Australia (QLD) [new distribution], Caroline Islands (Kosrae, Palau, Pohnpei), Mariana Islands (Guam), Papua New Guinea [new distribution]. Oriental: Japan (Ryukyus), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines (Culion, Palawan). Remarks. With its characteristically patterned abdomen (see key), Dasyrhicnoessa tripunctata is the most easily distinguishable species among all congeners., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 45, {"references":["Sasakawa, M., 1974. Oriental Tethinidae (Diptera). Akitu 1: 1 - 6, 8 figs.","Mathis, W. N., & L. Munari, 1996. World Catalog of the Family Tethinidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 584: iv + 1 - 27 pp."]}

Dasyrhicnoessa insularis (Aldrich, 1931) Munari & Evenhuis, 2000: 145–147; Munari, 2002: 546–547, 550. Material examined. Australia, Queensland: Mackay, mangroves, 19.i.1967, D.K. McAlpine & G.A. Holloway, 13.[AM] Distribution. Afrotropical: Cameroon, Madagascar, Nigeria.Australasian/Oceanian: American Samoa (Tutuila), Australia (QLD) [new distribution], Canton Island, Caroline Islands (Ponhpei, Chuuk, Yap, Palau), Fiji Islands (Ovalau, Suva [new distribution, see Appendix], Viti Levu), Hawaii (Hawaii, French Frigate Shoals, Hilo, Maui, Oahu, Pearl and Hermes Reef), Kiribati (Butaritari, Makin, Eita, Tarawa, Abemama), Line Islands (Christmas), Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian), Marquesas (Hivaoa, Nuku Hiva), Marshall Islands (Majuro, Japtan, Parry, Lib, Jibu, Jaluit, Namorik), Palmyra Island, Pitcairn Island, Rapa Island, Society Islands (Bora Bora,?Moorea [see appendix]), Wake Island. Nearctic: Bermuda, USA (Florida). Neotropical: Bahamas (South Bimini), Belize, Brazil (Ceará), Mexico (Tabasco), West Indies (Cuba, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent). Remarks. A pantropical species easily distinguished from congeners only by examination of the male terminalia. Females not strictly associated with males in the same biotope are not reliably identifiable., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 38, {"references":["Aldrich, J. M., 1931. New Acalyptrate Diptera from the Pacific and Oriental Regions. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 7 (3): 395 - 399."]}

Dasyrhicnoessa clandestina Munari, 2002 (Munari, 2002: 543) Material examined. Fiji Islands, Suva, xii.1929, K62562, H. R. Rabone, 13 [AM]. Distribution.Australasian/Oceanian:? New Caledonia, Fiji., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 56

Sigaloethina n.gen. Type species. Sigaloethina phaia n.sp. (Fig. 23). Diagnosis. Dark flies having fairly to noticeably glossy cuticle; head higher than long; face depressed and partially membranous; lower face, above vibrissal angle, without tubercle (like Dasyrhicnoessa); cephalic chaetotaxy typical of subfamily (though with setulae of frons and vittae a little impoverished in numbers); frons without discernible shining patch on both sides of ocellar triangle; arista of postpedicel bearing spaced, long hairs; eye densely micropubescent, very large, its longest diameter over 8× as long as genal height. Thorax entirely dark brown, glossy, slightly convex dorsally, with chaetotaxy typical of subfamily; disc of scutellum bare; thoracic cuticle covered with more or less faint grey microtomentum. Legs evenly setulose except for foreleg having coxa and femur with long setae; ctenidium of fore femur vestigial or even absent; mid femur of male with row of posteroventral, spine-like setae on entire length of femur; all legs with femora dark brown, remaining parts yellow to yellowish brown. Wing like those in Dasyrhicnoessa species, that is with vein R 2+3 slightly bisinuate; halter yellowish. Abdomen shining, black, with narrow, apicomarginal, pale brownish stripe on each tergite; tergites bearing several black setae and setulae. Male terminalia with lobe-shaped anterior surstylus (Fig. 24) noticeably larger than posterior surstylus, latter straight and relatively narrow; anterior surstylus bearing characteristic triangular patch of microtrichia on outer surface; both surstyli bearing several tubercles on inner sides (Fig. 25); cerci small; distiphallus (Fig. 26) fairly complex, bearing membranous lobe medially; postabdomen of female with two spherical, smooth spermathecae. Remarks. Sigaloethina is closely related to Dasyrhicnoessa differing from it particularly in having the body cuticle noticeably glossy, the frons lacking a discernible shining patch on both sides of the ocellar triangle, the setal vestiture of the frons slightly, even though distinctly, sparce, and for the peculiar morphology of the male terminalia. On the basis of the present knowledge, Sigaloethina might be regarded as the sister group of Dasyrhicnoessa. Etymology. The generic epithet derives from the fusion of the ancient Greek word sigaloeis meaning glossy or shiny, with the generic name Tethina, and refers to the body of these flies having glossy cuticle. Gender feminine., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on pages 46-47

Dasyrhicnoessa humilis n.sp. Figs. 9–10 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3 Australia, New South Wales: “ Careel Bay, / Avalon, NSW. / 15 Dec. 1964 / D.K. McAlpine / Mangroves // HOLOTYPUS / Dasyrhicnoessa / humilis sp.n. 3 / L. Munari des.” AM K186737.The specimen is in excellent condition, and is double mounted (glued on the tip of a triangular card); abdomen dissected, stored in glycerol in a small plastic tube, and pinned below the specimen. PARATYPES: Australia, New South Wales: same data as holotype, 333 4♀♀; “ Careel Bay / N. South Wales / 27 Oct. 1962 / Mangroves / D.K. McAlpine ”, 1 3; “Mangroves / Careel Bay, / Avalon, NSW. / 3 Feb. 1973 / D.K. McAlpine ”, 1 3; “In mangroves / North Cronulla / NSW., 1 March, 1962 / D.K. McAlpine ”, 13. Australia, Queensland: “Mangroves. / Gladstone, Qld. / 19 Dec. 1961 / D.K. McAlpine ”, 3 33 6♀♀. The holotype and most of the paratypes are deposited in AM, a few paratypes are preserved in MCV. Description. Size. Body length 1.7 mm (1.6–2.0), wing length 1.5 mm (1.4–1.7), wing width 0.5 mm (0.5–0.6). Habitus. Yellowish grey to dark grey species with setal vestiture golden brown to blackish. Wings yellowish grey. Head. Yellowish, with frons reddish yellow and occiput greyish yellow; frons with frontal and orbital vittae covered with whitish microtomentum, and golden yellow patches, on both sides of ocellar triangle, merging before anterior ocellus; paravertical setae well developed, strongly inclinate; inner vertical seta inwardly curved, strong, about as long as lateroclinate outer vertical seta; postocular and postgenal setae short, former ones in two irregular rows; upper postocular seta long, inclinate towards inner vertical seta; ocellar triangle bearing pair of moderately long pseudopostocellar setae in addition to pair of strong ocellars; 3 very short, thin setulae between ocellars and pseudopostocellars; 3 strong, lateroclinate orbital setae; row of thin, inclinate setulae on orbital vitta between 2 anterior orbitals and frontals; 4 short, strong, additional setulae before anterior orbital seta, between this one and anterior margin of orbital vitta; 3 pairs of frontal setae intercalated with 3 pairs of short, thin setulae, all setae and setulae inclinate, mid pair cruciate at apex; antenna with postpedicel slightly infuscated, brownish, bearing microscopically pubescent, brown arista; Eye micropubescent, large, distinctly oblong vertically, its longest diameter 5.6× as long as genal height; 7 blackish peristomal setae, 3 anterior ones, including vibrissa, long and strong; mouth parts pale yellow, with labellum stumpy, distinctly shorter than length of buccal cavity, and palpus long, slender, bearing scattered black setulae. Thorax. Yellowish grey; 1+3 dorsocentral setae; 6 rows of acrostichal setulae on anterior half of scutum, otherwise arranged in 4 rows; prescutellar acrostichals long; postpronotal lobe bearing 3 setae, each with different inclination, posterior seta long and strong, anterior setae shorter and weaker; 1 very long presutural seta; 2 notopleurals about subequal in length; 1 supra-alar, below and before it four short and weak setae; 2 postalars, external one distinctly longer and stronger; scutellum with 4 long marginal setae; proepisternal seta long and strong, proepimeral one weak and slightly shorter; anepisternum with scattered setulae, bearing 3 long, posteriorly directed, posteromarginal setae, mid one distinctly longer and stronger, and 1 erect seta at posterodorsal margin; katepisternum with few scattered setulae, bearing long and strong posterodorsal seta; anepimeron, katatergite, and meron without setae and setulae. Legs. Evenly setulose, bearing short, blackish setae and setulae, except for foreleg having coxa with scattered, pale brownish, long setae, and femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of spaced, long setae; fore femur without true ctenidium, only with single row of very short, thin, black setulae (possibly spinelike) anteroventrally on distal half; mid femur of male with row of spaced, spine-like, posteroventral black setae, decreasing in length distally; all legs, including coxae, yellow, with last tarsomere slightly infuscated. Wing. Veins pale brownish, membrane yellowish grey; alula with fringe formed by long, erect, blackish setae; costal vein reaching end of M 1, bearing several, spaced, microscopic setulae on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; R 2+3 distinctly bisinuate, diverging from R 4+5 distally; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; crossvein r-m ending at basal third of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu slightly shorter than one third of last section of CuA 1; halter yellowish. Abdomen. Syntergite 1+2 yellowish, remaining tergites black, each of them with narrow, apicomarginal, whitish stripe; setal vestiture blackish. Male terminalia (Figs. 9–10). Epandrium bearing some long to very long setae on distal half, in particular on anteroapical surface, intermixed with shorter setae on entire posterior surface; cercus small, pubescent, dorsally covered with microscopic hairs and with long setae; anterior surstylus short and stumpy, bearing scattered, thin setae; posterior surstylus rather squat, bearing several long setae and apical cluster of thick tubercles on inner side; aedeagal apodeme long and straight, distinctly sclerotized on distal half; ejaculatory apodeme with well-developed distal fan; distiphallus long and slender, ribbon-like, bearing micropubescence on its basal half and subapically. Female. Similar to male, except for slight sexual dimorphism. Female terminalia. Cerci long, straight, bearing scattered, thin setulae; spermathecae spherical, smooth. Distribution. Australia (NSW, QLD). Etymology. From the Latin humilis meaning poor, humble or unpretentious. The specific epithet refers to the modest habitus and size of the new species as well as to the simple morphological features of the male terminalia., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on pages 37-38

Dasyrhicnoessa fulvescens Malloch, 1935 Mathis & Sasakawa, 1989: 667; Mathis & Munari, 1996: 12. Distribution. Australia (QLD). After thorough examination of the holotype preserved in AM, I am now able (see Munari, 2002) to confirm the validity of this species and dispel any doubt about a possible (see Malloch, 1935) conspecificity with Dasyrhicnoessa serratula Malloch. Dasyrhicnoessa fulvescens is chiefly characterized by the following combination of characters: body and legs entirely pale to fulvous yellow, except for syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 broadly blackened (I do not know whether this colour is of pigmental nature or due to postmortem factors affecting the internal organs); all setae and setulae golden brownish or golden yellow; arista micropubescent; fore femur lacking true ctenidium, but with 3–4 microscopic, thin hairs present at its place; 4 rather regular rows of acrostichal setulae on anterior half of scutum (thus, not “irregularly sexseriate” as erroneously stated by Malloch [1935]); both proepimeral and proepisternal setae present. No other species of Dasyrhicnoessa share these features., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 37, {"references":["Malloch, J. R., 1935. Notes on and Descriptions of New Species of Australian Diptera. Australian Zoologist 8 (2): 87 - 95.","Mathis, W. N., & L. Munari, 1996. World Catalog of the Family Tethinidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 584: iv + 1 - 27 pp."]}

Dasyrhicnoessa sexseriata (Hendel, 1913) Mathis & Sasakawa, 1989: 668; Mathis & Munari, 1996: 12; Munari, 2002: 548, 550. Material examined. Australia, Queensland: Bowen, on beach, 28.xii.1966, D.K. McAlpine & G.A. Holloway, 13 1♀; Mackay, mangroves, 19.i.1967, D.K. McAlpine & G.A. Holloway, 333 1♀. Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, mangroves, 25.x.1963, D.K. McAlpine, 13. Distribution. Australasian/Oceanian: Australia (QLD) [new distribution], Caroline Islands (Yap, Palau, Pohnpei, Ponape), Fiji Islands (Ovalau, Viti Levu), Mariana Islands (Guam, Saipan), Marshall Islands (Namorik), Papua New Guinea [new distribution], Wake Island. Oriental: China (Hong Kong), Philippines, Taiwan. Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from most congeners by the distinctive male terminalia., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 45, {"references":["Hendel, F., 1913. Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.) II. In H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Supplementa Entomologica 2: 77 - 112.","Mathis, W. N., & L. Munari, 1996. World Catalog of the Family Tethinidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 584: iv + 1 - 27 pp."]}

Dasyrhicnoessa ciliata n.sp. Figs. 5–6 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3, Australia, Northern Territory “NT: Buffalo Ck, / Darwin; 2–5 Mar. / 1996; D.K. McAlpine, / G. R. Brown” // “ HOLOTYPUS / Dasyrhicnoessa / ciliata sp.n. 3 / L. Munari des”, AM K186736. The specimen is in excellent condition, and is double mounted (glued on the tip of a triangular card label); abdomen dissected, stored in glycerol in a small plastic tube, and pinned below the specimen. PARATYPES 2♀♀ same data as holotype. One paratype has an additional, orange label with handwritten “Laboulb.” The holotype and one paratype are deposited in AM, the second paratype is preserved in MCV. Description. Size. Body length 2.3 mm (2.1–2.3), wing length 1.9 mm (1.8–1.9), wing width 0.7 mm (0.67–0.72). Habitus.Yellow species with setal vestiture of thorax black. Head yellow with antenna bearing very long-haired arista. Wings yellowish grey. Head. Entirely yellow; frons, including orbital vittae, homogeneously yellow, except for usual golden yellow patch on both sides of ocellar triangle; paravertical setae well developed, inclinate; inner vertical seta slightly inclinate, strong, about as long as lateroclinate outer vertical seta; postocular and postgenal setae somewhat long, former setae in 1–2 rows; upper postocular seta long, inclinate towards inner vertical seta; ocellar triangle bearing pair of long, thin pseudopostocellar setae in addition to pair of strong ocellars; 2–3 very short, thin setulae between ocellars and pseudopostocellars; 3 strong, lateroclinate orbital setae; row of long, thin, inclinate setulae on orbital vitta between two anterior orbitals and frontals; 3 pairs of frontal setae, anterior one short and thin in male holotype, plus 2 pairs of thin setulae, all setae and setulae inclinate, mid pair with setae distinctly cruciate at apex; antenna with large and pubescent postpedicel, bearing blackish, very long-haired arista (Fig. 8); eye micropubescent, very large, distinctly oblong vertically, its longest diameter 5× as long as genal height; 6–8 blackish peristomal setae, three anteriors, including vibrissa, very strong and long; mouth parts pale yellow, with labellum shorter than length of buccal cavity, and palpus long, slightly clavate, bearing scattered setulae. Thorax. Entirely yellow, slightly translucent, with setal vestiture black; 1+3 long dorsocentral setae; 4 rows of acrostichal setulae on anterior half of scutum, otherwise arranged in 2–3 rows; posterior surface of scutum mostly bare (holotype); prescutellar acrostichals very long and strong; postpronotal lobe bearing 3 setae, each with different inclination, posterior seta long and strong, anterior setae shorter and weaker; 1 long presutural seta; 2 notopleurals about subequal in length; 1 supra-alar, below it 1 shorter and weaker seta; 2 postalars, external one distinctly longer and stronger; scutellum with 4 long marginal setae; both proepisternal and proepimeral setae present; anepisternum with scattered pubescence, bearing 3 long, posteriorly directed, posteromarginal setae, middle one longer and stronger, and 1 erect, thin seta at posterodorsal margin; katepisternum with few scattered setulae and bearing long posterodorsal seta; anepimeron, katatergite and meron without setae and setulae. Legs. Evenly setulose, bearing short blackish to yellowish setae and setulae, except for foreleg having coxa with long, black setae, and femur with a few posterodorsal setae and remarkable row of very long, slightly curved, posteroventral setae; fore femur with ctenidium formed by long, strong, black spinulae (in female distinctly weaker); mid femur of male with row of long, spaced, spine-like, posteroventral black setae evenly arranged on entire length of femur; all legs, including coxae, yellow; last tarsomere slightly infuscate. Wing. Veins brownish yellow, membrane yellowish grey; alula with fringe formed by erect, black setae; costal vein reaching end of M 1, bearing several, spaced, microscopic setulae on dorsal and ventral surfaces; R 2+3 slightly bisinuate, diverging from R 4+5 distally; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; crossvein r-m ending before middle of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu distinctly shorter than one third of last section of CuA 1; halter yellowish. Abdomen. Brown, bearing several thin setae and setulae; transverse stripes at posterior edge of tergites narrow, whitish. Male terminalia (Figs. 5–6). Epandrium bearing two pairs of very long setae dorsally, and several short setae on remaining posterior surface; cercus moderately long, pubescent, covered with microscopic hairs and with long setae dorsally; anterior surstylus small, simple, with sparse, thin setae on both outer and inner sides; posterior surstylus rather broad, with anterior outline markedly sinuous, lobe-shaped; inner side of posterior surstylus with many setae and apical cluster of short, stout tubercles; aedeagal apodeme long and straight; distal fan of ejaculatory apodeme poorly developed; distiphallus long, ribbon-like, bearing long micropubescence. Female. Similar to male, except for slight sexual dimorphism. Abdomen pale reddish yellow, marked by medial, longitudinal, brown stripe, and with transverse stripes at posterior edge of tergites hardly discernible; apex of postabdomen with segments telescopically retractile. Female terminalia. Cerci moderately long, straight, setulose; spermathecae spherical, smooth. Distribution. Australia (NT). Remarks. This new species is characterized by a longhaired arista (an apomorphic character state with respect to the ground plan of the Tethinidae, Figs. 7–8) as well as by the very enlarged posterior surstylus of the male terminalia (Fig. 5). Both these peculiar features, in addition to the yellow body and legs, and the characteristic slender habitus of the flies, are also found in D. longisetosa and D. priapus (see below). In my opinion, these three species form a taxonomic group, named here “the Dasyrhicnoessa ciliata - group”, in which D. ciliata would seem to be the sister species of the monophyletic clade D. longisetosa plus D. priapus, the latter two species additionally sharing a peculiar cluster of thin setulae arising from the medial side of posteromarginal surface of the posterior surstylus (Figs. 11– 12, 20–21) as well as sharing the lack of a true ctenidium which is well developed in D. ciliata. Etymology. From the Latin ciliatum meaning bearing eyelashes. The specific epithet refers to the long-haired arista of the antennal postpedicel., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on pages 34-36

Pseudorhicnoessa spinipes Malloch, 1914 Mathis & Munari, 1996: 13; Munari, 2002: 549–550. Material examined. Australia, Northern Territory: Smith Point, Cobourg Pen., 5.iii.1996, D.K. McAlpine, 1833 7♀♀. Australia, Queensland: Kurrimine Beach, 43 km South of Innisfail, 23.i.1991, D.K. McAlpine & B. Day, 1♀; Lloyd Bay, 3 mi N of Claudie River mouth, on beach, 25.xii.1971, D.K. McAlpine and G.A. Holloway, 1333 15♀♀; Lloyd Bay, Lockhart River, MV lamp, 24.x.1974, G. and A. Daniels, 233 4♀♀; Restoration Beach, near Portland Roads, 13.x.1974, G. Daniels, 433 1♀; [as P. tibiseta (Mall.)] Townsville [type locality of the junior synonym Tethina tibiseta Malloch], [without date], F.H. Taylor, (SPHTM Coll.), 233 2♀♀; [as P. tibiseta (Mall.)] ibidem, at light, 1♀. Papua New Guinea, Oro Bay, Northern Distr., 9.xii.1972, G.A. Holloway, 3♀♀; Port Moresby, Ela Beach, 6.x.1963, D.K. McAlpine, 1033 18♀♀; ibidem, 10.i.1964, 1♀.[AM] Distribution. Australasian/Oceanian: Australia (NT [new distribution], QLD), Caroline Islands (Palau, Tobi, Yap), Mariana Islands (Guam, Saipan), Marshall Islands (Alu, Likiep, Majuro), Papua New Guinea [new distribution]. Oriental: Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Singapore), Philippines, Japan (Ryukyus), Taiwan, Vietnam., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 46, {"references":["Malloch, J. R., 1914. Formosan Agromyzidae. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 306 - 336, 18 figs.","Mathis, W. N., & L. Munari, 1996. World Catalog of the Family Tethinidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 584: iv + 1 - 27 pp."]}

Thitena cadaverina n.sp. Figs. 29–32 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3 Australia, Western Australia “ Barrow Island / W. Australia / 12.ii.1977 H. H. 75 / H. Heatwole / W.H. Butler // On dead turnstone / 12 Feb. 1977 / Beach / Barrow Is. W.A. / H. H. 75. // HOLOTYPUS / Thitena cadaverina / gen. n., sp. n. 3 / L. Munari des.” AM K186744. The specimen is in fairly good condition (many setae missing, posterior edge of both the wings a little damaged), and is double mounted (glued on the tip of a triangular card label); abdomen, including terminalia, in situ. PARATYPES Australia, Western Australia: same data as holotype, 433 7♀♀. The holotype and most of the paratypes are deposited in AM, a couple of paratypes is preserved in MCV. Description. Size. Body length 4.1 mm (3.3–4.1), wing length 2.7 mm (2.2–2.7), wing width 1.0 mm (0.8–1.0). Habitus (Fig. 29). Robust, yellowish brown species with legs bearing strong setae and long and thick villosity. Wings brownish yellow. Head. Frons brownish yellow to brown, with very narrow, whitish orbital vittae; ocellar triangle and postcranial surface covered with dark grey microtomentum; antenna yellow, distinctly infuscated; face, parafacial, and gena pale yellowish, latter homogeneously microtomentose; frons without golden patch lateral to ocellar triangle, only with slight infuscation; paravertical setae strongly developed, cruciate at apex; inner vertical seta inclinate, strong, about as long as lateroclinate outer vertical seta; postocular and postgenal setae arranged in several irregular rows; 2 upper postocular setae inclinate towards paraverticals, external seta distinctly longer; ocellar triangle bearing pair of well-developed pseudopostocellar setae, distinctly longer than half of strong ocellars; a few very short setulae between ocellars and pseudopostocellars, and behind latter setae; 3 strong, lateroclinate orbital setae; several additional setulae between orbitals and frontals, distinctly more numerous between two anterior orbitals and anterior pairs of frontal setae; 3–4 pairs of strong, frontal setae intercalated with 3 pairs of shorter and weaker setae, all setae and setulae inclinate; antenna with postpedicel bearing microscopically pubescent arista; eye roundish, with strongly impoverished micropubescence formed by very few, sparse interfacetal setulae; longest diameter of eye 2.8– 3.3× as long as genal height; 7 strong peristomal setae (including vibrissa) decreasing in length posteriad; very narrow, glossy stripe along peristomal edge, between this one and peristomal setae, ending above vibrissal angle to form foldlike, shining facial tubercle; face depressed, without median carina; mouth parts yellow, with labellum shorter than length of buccal cavity, and palpus long, slender, slightly clavate, bearing scattered, golden brown setulae. Thorax. Brownish, covered with dark grey microtomentum; postpronotal lobe yellowish, faintly shining, distinctly contrasting with rest of brown thoracic surface; setae of mesonotum brownish to black, noticeably thinner than those in all other Tethininae species; 1+3 dorsocentral setae; 8–9 rows of acrostichal setulae on anterior half of scutum, otherwise arranged in 6 rows; prescutellar acrostichals long; postpronotal lobe bearing 3 setae, each with different inclination, posterior seta very long, anterior setae shorter, remaining surface with numerous strong setulae; 1 presutural seta; 2 notopleurals subequal in length; 1 supraalar, below it 1 shorter seta; 2 postalars, external one slightly, even though distinctly, longer; scutellum with 4 long marginal setae and many additional setulae on discal surface (Fig. 30); proepisternal and proepimeral setae subequal in length and strength; anepisternum with pubescence almost fully covering entire surface, bearing 3 long, posteriorly directed, posteromarginal setae, mid one long and strong, and 1–2 erect, thin setae at posterodorsal margin; katepisternum very poorly pubescent on mid and upper parts, but with dense and very long brown villosity on lower surface, bearing long, erect seta on posterodorsal margin; anepimeron, katatergite, and meron without setae and setulae. Legs. Ventral and posteroventral sides of all legs, in particular of forelegs, strongly shaggy in male and with rows of long and robust setae present in both sexes; foreleg having yellow coxa bearing several, long, black setae; ventral and posteroventral surfaces of both fore femur and tibia of male covered with thick, very long and rather ruffled, golden villosity; fore tibia with row of posterodorsal black setae; fore femur bearing few setae dorsally and row of several, long, posteroventral setae; ctenidium absent, only short row of long, thin, golden setae in its place; mid leg with more or less bristly femur, and with tibia bearing antero- and posterodorsal rows of strong and long setae on distal two thirds of its length; hind leg with femur distinctly swollen in male, and with tibia bearing anteroventral and antero- and posterodorsal rows of long and strong setae (in variable number) on distal two thirds of its length; tarsi of male stumpy, with tarsomeres noticeably short (in particular basitarsomeres), setulose, and flattened; all legs brownish, with last tarsomeres darker. Wing. Veins light brownish to yellowish, membrane brownish yellow; alula with fringe formed by several, erect, golden brown setae; costal vein reaching end of M 1, with apex of first section, just above subcostal break, bearing long and strong spine-like seta; dorsal and ventral surfaces of costal vein with hardly discernible, microscopic setulae; R 2+3 almost straight to perceptibly bisinuate, slightly, even though distinctly, diverging from R 4+5 distally; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; crossvein r-m ending before middle of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu about as long as half of last section of CuA 1; halter pale yellow. Abdomen. In male, with tergites and sternites well sclerotized, former rather broad, with narrow, yellowish, marginal stripes, and covered with several brownish to black setulae as well as with moderately long, golden brown, marginal setae which are longer on postabdominal segments; epandrium of male terminalia distinctly exposed. Male terminalia (Figs. 31–32). Entire surface of epandrium bearing numerous, short setae; cercus tiny, dorsally covered with microscopic hairs and with long setae; anterior surstylus very long and slender, about as long as posterior surstylus, narrow, slightly bent forwards, bearing very long, spaced, thin setae on inner side; posterior surstylus large, bent forwards, distinctly tapered and pointed apically (in lateral view), externally covered with dense microtrichia, bearing several thin setae and short, stout tubercles on inner side of posterior margin; aedeagal apodeme relatively short, sinuated medially; ejaculatory apodeme with distal fan poorly developed, having regular, subtriangular, unindented margin; distiphallus stumpy, short, ribbon-like, covered with dense micropubescence. Female. All legs distinctly setulose, but without remarkable long villosity; for the rest, external morphology and chaetotaxy similar to male, except for slight sexual dimorphism; abdominal sternites well developed and distinctly sclerotized; 6th tergite and sternite large, latter with roundish margin; both tergites and sternites brown, bearing several marginal setae and setulae. Female terminalia. Cerci small, relatively short, setulose; spermathecae spherical, smooth. Distribution. Australia (WA). Remarks. More material of this interesting species is desirable as most of the type series is damaged. Many specimens have a collapsed thorax and many setae and setulae are missing. Etymology. From the Latin cadaverinus meaning of dead body, corpse, carcass. The specific epithet refers to the substrate upon which the new species was collected: a dead Turnstone (a migratory shorebird of the genus Arenaria) possibly washed up on the beach., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on pages 51-52

Dasyrhicnoessa macalpinei n.sp. Figs. 13–14 Type material. HOLOTYPE 3 Australia, Northern Territory “NT: Buffalo Ck, / Darwin; 2–5 Mar. / 1996; D.K. McAlpine, / G. R. Brown // HOLOTYPUS / Dasyrhicnoessa / mcalpinei sp.n. 3 / L. Munari des.” AM K186739. The specimen is in relatively good condition: the left fore tibia and tarsus are missing, and the head is glued near the specimen. The holotype is deposited in AM, and is double mounted (glued on the tip of a triangular card label); abdomen dissected, stored in glycerol in a small plastic tube, and pinned below the specimen. Description. Size. Body length 1.3 mm, wing length 1.3 mm, wing width 0.5 mm. Habitus. Small fly with body and legs pale yellowish. Setal vestiture pale yellow to dark brownish. Wings yellowish grey. Head. Yellowish to greyish yellow; frontal and orbital vittae pale yellow, distinctly paler than rest of frons; ocellar triangle and occiput greyish; golden yellow patch on both sides of ocellar triangle; paravertical setae thin, strongly inclinate; inner vertical seta inwardly curved, strong, about as long as lateroclinate outer vertical seta; postocular and postgenal setae very short, thin, former setae in 1–2 irregular rows; upper postocular seta long, inclinate towards inner vertical seta; ocellar triangle bearing pair of moderately long, thin pseudopostocellar setae in addition to pair of strong ocellars; a few very short, thin setulae between ocellars and pseudopostocellars, and behind latter setae; 3 strong, lateroclinate orbital setae intermixed with sparse, thin, short setulae; 3 pairs of frontal setae intercalated with 3 pairs of short, thin setulae, all setae and setulae inclinate; antennal postpedicel bearing brownish, short-haired arista; eye micropubescent, very large, slightly oblique, subrectangular, its longest diameter 5.5× as long as genal height; 5 brownish to black peristomal setae, two anterior ones, including vibrissa, long and strong; mouth parts pale yellow, with labellum stumpy, shorter than length of buccal cavity, and palpus long, slender, bearing scattered black setulae. Thorax. Yellowish; 1+3 dorsocentral setae; acrostichal setulae in 4 irregular rows; prescutellar acrostichals long; postpronotal lobe bearing 3 setae (only two are discernible in holotype, lower seta being missing), each with different inclination, posterior seta long and strong, anterior setae shorter and weaker; 1 long presutural seta; 2 notopleurals, anterior one slightly longer; 1 supra-alar (missing in holotype), below it 1 shorter and weaker seta; 2 postalars, external one distinctly longer and stronger; scutellum with 4 long marginal setae; both proepisternal and proepimeral setae present; anepisternum with scattered setulae, bearing 3 long, posteriorly directed, posteromarginal setae, mid one distinctly longer and stronger, and 1 erect seta at posterodorsal margin; katepisternum with few scattered setulae, bearing long and strong posterodorsal seta; anepimeron, katatergite, and meron without setae and setulae. Legs. Evenly setulose, bearing short brownish to blackish setae and setulae, except for foreleg having coxa with scattered, pale brownish, long setae, and femur with posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of spaced, long setae; hind tibia with long, posteroventral pubescence on distal half, formed by several, erect, yellowish setae; fore femur without true ctenidium, only with row of short, thin setulae anteroventrally on distal half; mid femur with comb of 6 spine-like, short, subequal in length, posteroventral black setae on distal half; all legs, including coxae, yellow; last tarsomere slightly infuscate. Wing. Veins yellowish, membrane yellowish grey; alula with fringe formed by erect, blackish setae; costal vein reaching end of M 1, bearing several, spaced, microscopic setulae on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; R 2+3 distinctly bisinuate, diverging from R 4+5 distally; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; crossvein r-m ending just before middle of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu distinctly shorter than half of last section of CuA 1; halter yellow. Abdomen. Yellowish brown, with setal vestiture formed by golden brown setae and setulae; transverse stripes at posterior edge of tergites yellowish. Male terminalia (Figs. 13–14). Epandrium bearing characteristic cluster of long, strong setae on entire anteroventral surface, in particular on anterior part, and short setae on all remaining posterior surface; cercus long and narrow, pointed apically, pubescent, dorsally covered with microscopic hairs and with long setae; anterior surstylus strongly reduced, rounded at apex, bearing scattered, thin setae; posterior surstylus subrectangular in lateral view, long, straight, and narrow in posterior view, bearing numerous short setae and cluster of short, stout tubercles on distal third; aedeagal apodeme long and straight, without evident sinuosity; ejaculatory apodeme diaphanous, poorly sclerotized, with distal fan well developed; distiphallus long, slender, ribbon-like, distinctly pointed at apex, bearing several, scattered, microscopic hairs. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Australia (NT). Remarks. As regards the external morphology, the new species is particularly characterized by having the hind tibia of the male bearing long, thin, yellowish pubescence on the posteroventral distal half. Personally, I have never observed this character in any other Dasyrhicnoessa species. It would be interesting to know whether the females also share such a peculiar feature. Etymology. The new species is gratefully named after Dr David K. McAlpine who collected the holotype and facilitated my study of a large number of specimens held at the Australian Museum., Published as part of Munari, L., 2004, Beach Flies (Diptera: Tethinidae: Tethininae) From Australia and Papua New Guinea, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Ten New Species, pp. 29-56 in Records of the Australian Museum 56 (1) on page 40

Doses and schedules for treatment of malignant glial tumors, using IFN are still uncertain and controversial. In this study preliminary results of treatment of 10 glioblastoma multiforme patients are shown. Six patients were treated with local injection of beta-IFN through an Ommaya reservoir: 4 with beta-IFN followed by systemic chemotherapy (CDDP-VP16); we found that IFN alone was ineffective. Results were improved when local immunotherapy was associated with systemic chemotherapy. New drugs and investigation of possible pharmacological synergism are needed.