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This work explores the existence and uniqueness criteria for the solution of hybrid Caputo–Hadamard fractional sequential differential equations (HCHFSDEs) by employing Darbo's fixed-point theorem. Fractional differential equations play a pivotal role in modeling complex phenomena in various areas of science and engineering. The hybrid approach considered in this work combines the advantages of both the Caputo and Hadamard fractional derivatives, leading to a more comprehensive and versatile model for describing sequential processes. To address the problem of the existence and uniqueness of solutions for such hybrid fractional sequential differential equations, we turn to Darbo's fixed-point theorem, a powerful mathematical tool that establishes the existence of fixed points for certain types of mappings. By appropriately transforming the differential equation into an equivalent fixed-point formulation, we can exploit the properties of Darbo's theorem to analyze the solutions' existence and uniqueness. The outcomes of this research expand the understanding of HCHFSDEs and contribute to the growing body of knowledge in fractional calculus and fixed-point theory. These findings are expected to have significant implications in various scientific and engineering applications, where sequential processes are prevalent, such as in physics, biology, finance, and control theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to get more information about the genome and locate the taxonomic position of Schizothorax niger in Schizothoracinae through mitochondrial 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs). These PCGs for S. niger were found to be 11409 bps in length ranging from 165 (ATPase 8) to 1824 bps (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5) and encode 3801 amino acids. In these PCGs, 4 genes overlap on the similar strands, while one shown on the opposite one: ATPase 6+8 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4+4L overlap by 7 nucleotides. Similarly, ND5-ND6 overlap by 4 nucleotides, while ATP6 and COIII overlap by 1 nucleotide. Similarly, four commonly used amino acids in S. niger were Leu (15.6 %), Ile (10.12 %), Thr (8.12 %), and Ala (8.7 %). The results presented that COII, COIII, NDI, ND4L, and Cytb had substantial amino acid conservation as compared to the COI gene. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was observed that S. niger is closely linked with S. progastus, S. labiatus, S. plagiostomus, and S. nepalensis with high bootstrap values. The present study provided more genomic data to know the diversity of the mitochondrial genome and its molecular evolution in Schizothoracinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of seven-week-old albino mice of both genders were orally administered with a suspension of 25 mg Ti-6Al-4Nb/ml of saline/kg body weight and evaluated in comparison with a control group of animals treated with saline. Evaluation of both the groups was conducted through behavioral tests (Rota rod, open field, novel object and light dark box test), blood biochemical tests [complete blood count and selected serum parameters ([cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, creatinine and triglycerides)] and on the basis of measured concentration of antioxidant metabolites (superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation) in vital organs (brain, heart, liver, kidney and lungs). Based upon the results of these tests, it has been found that the applied dose of Ti-6Al-4Nb alloy powder has not effect on physical and neurological outcome of these animals. However, it can increase low-density lipoprotein concentrations as well as disturb the H2O2 and lipid peroxidation associated metabolic pathways, especially in male albino mice. Whereas all other hematological indices and antioxidative stress parameters were unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to evaluate the degradative potential of indigenous bacterial isolates for Reactive Blue 221. The two strains proficient in decolorization (>80%) were isolated from a waste disposal site by enrichment technique. Under optimized conditions, Pseudomonas sp. BDS 2 displayed efficient decolorization activity of 94.4% in Minimal Salt Medium supplemented with 50 mg/l of RB 221 after 96 h of incubations, whereas 88.5% of color was removed by Alcaligenes sp. BDS 9 by the end of 112 h. UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that in the case of Pseudomonas sp. BDS 2 and Alcaligenes sp. BDS 9, decolorization was the ultimate consequence of biodegradation and adsorption, respectively Toxicological studies revealed the nontoxic nature of degradative metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attached growth processes for wastewater treatment have significantly been improved during recent years. Their application can be extended to sustainable municipal wastewater treatment in remote locations and in developing countries for the purpose of organic matter (biochemical oxygen demand, BOD) removal and pathogenic decontamination. The aim of this study is to assess selected packing media for biological trickling filters (BTFs) and to develop a simplified model for describing the capacity of BOD removal in BTFs. In this work, BTFs with four different media viz., rubber, polystyrene, plastic and stone have been investigated at two temperature ranges of 5–15°C and 25–35°C. The average removal of both chemical oxygen demand and BOD was higher than 80 and 90% at temperature ranges of 5–15 and 25–35°C, respectively. The geometric mean of faecal coliforms in BTF using polystyrene, plastic, rubber and stone as filter media was reduced by 4.3, 4.0, 5.8 and 5.4 log10, respectively, at a low temperature range of 5–15°C. At a higher temperature range of 25–35°C, the faecal coliform count was reduced by 3.97, 5.34, 5.36 and 4.37 log10from polystyrene, plastic, rubber and stone media BTF, respectively. Simplified model was developed and used to estimate the optimal BOD loading rates (Bvd) for designing robust BTF systems, with appropriate filter media. It has been concluded that highly efficient BTFs can be designed using various filter media, which may be capable of treating organic loading rates of more than 3 kg BOD/m3day. These types of BTFs can be applied for the BOD and microbial contaminants removal of wastewater for potential reuse in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this work, we explore the existence results for the hybrid Caputo–Hadamard fractional boundary value problem (CH-FBVP). The inclusion version of the proposed BVP with a three-point hybrid Caputo–Hadamard terminal conditions is also considered and the related existence results are provided. To achieve these goals, we utilize the well-known fixed point theorems attributed to Dhage for both BVPs. Moreover, we present two numerical examples to validate our analytical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of relaxation training on anxiety level of pregnant women with serious medical complications., Methods: The ex-post facto study was conducted from January to August 2018 at Allied and City hospitals in Jallalpur Jattan,Gujrat, Pakistan, and comprised pregnant women with serious medical conditions. Their medical symptoms were confirmed by a medical chart. Data was collected using the anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, and those with high levels of anxiety were retained. These women attended 60-minute relaxation training twice a week for 8 weeks. Data was analysed using SPSS 21., Results: Of the 126 women initially assessed, 50(39.5%) were shortlisted for detailed anxiety evaluation. Of them, 30(60%) were included, and after 3(10%) dropouts, the study was completed by 27(90%) women. There was significant difference in overall pre- and post-intervention mean values of anxiety (p=0.001)., Conclusions: Relaxation training was found to have a significant effect in terms of reducing anxiety without the use of medications among pregnant women with serious medical conditions.