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2. Misuse of Antibiotics in Poultry Threatens Pakistan Communitys Health

Author

Hamza, Muhammad, Khera, Hafeez Ur Rehman Ali, Waqas, Muhammad Umair, Muazzam, Ayesha, Tariq, Sania, Kaleem, Zain, Akram, Waseem, Mumtaz, M Talha, Ahmad, Shehroz, and Samad, Abdul

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

A survey was conducted from February 2022 to May 2022 on the usage of antibiotics at a poultry farm in different areas of Multan, Punjab Pakistan. A well-organized questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Sixty poultry farms were surveyed randomly in the Multan district. All of these Farms were using antibiotics. Antibiotics are commonly used for the treatment of diseases. Some are used as preventive medicine and a few are used as growth promotors. neomycin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, and colistin are the broad-spectrum antibiotics that are being used commercially. Enrofloxacin and Furazolidone are the common antibiotics that are being used in Studies these days. The class of Fluoroquinolones is commonly used in poultry farms. Thirty-three patterns of antibiotic usage were observed at poultry farms. multi-drug practices were also observed on various farms. In this study, 25% of antibiotics are prescribed by the veterans while more than 90 % were acquired from the veterinary store. This study provides information about the antibiotics which are commonly being used in the study location district Multan. It is expected that the finding of this survey will be helpful in the development of new strategies against the misuse of antibiotics on farms.

Published
2023

8. Application of in-situ gamma spectrometry for radiogenic heat production estimation in the Western Himalaya, Kohistan, and Karakoram in northern Pakistan

Author

Muhammad Anees, Jonas Kley, Bernd Leiss, David Hindle, Ali Abbas Wajid, Bianca Wagner, Mumtaz M. Shah, and Elco Luijendijk

Subjects
Radiogenic heat production, Gamma spectrometry, Thermal model, Himalaya, Karakoram, Pakistan, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Abstract The Himalaya, Kohistan, and Karakoram ranges comprise Proterozoic to Cenozoic crystalline complexes exposed in northern Pakistan. Numerous hot springs in the area indicate high subsurface temperatures, prompting a need to evaluate the local contribution of radiogenic heat to the general orogenic-related elevated geothermal gradients. The current study employed a portable gamma spectrometer to estimate the in-situ radiogenic heat production in the Nanga Parbat Massif, Kohistan–Ladakh batholith, and the Karakoram batholith. Heat production in the Nanga Parbat Massif is high, with a range from 0.2 to 10.8 µWm−3 and mean values of 4.6 ± 2.5 and 5.9 ± 1.9 µWm−3 for gneisses and granites, respectively. By contrast, the heat production is low in the Kohistan–Ladakh batholith, ranging from 0.1 to 3.1 µWm−3, with the highest mean of 2.0 ± 0.5 µWm−3 in granites. The Karakoram batholith shows a large variation in heat production, with values ranging from 0.4 to 20.3 µWm−3 and the highest mean of 8.4 ± 8.3 µWm−3 in granites. The in-situ radiogenic heat production values vary in different ranges and represent considerably higher values than those previously used for the thermal modeling of Himalaya. A conductive 1D thermal model suggests 93–108 °C hotter geotherms, respectively, at 10 and 20 km depths due to the thick heat-producing layer in the upper crust, resulting in a surface heat flow of 103 mWm−2. The present study provides first-order radiogenic heat production constraints for developing a thermal model for geothermal assessment.

Published
2023
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9. Effect of laser radiation on the growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from rumen fluid of cows in the Nineveh, Iraq

Author

Hawraa F. Al-Abedi, Mumtaz M. Kasha, Karrar A. Zaker, and Inaam M. Alrubayae

Subjects
laser application, rhodotorula mucilaginosa, rumen fluid of cow, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Background: The fungi Rhodotorula species are widespread airborne contaminants and are thought to be natural occupants of human skin, lungs, urine, and feces. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, R. minuta, and R. glutinis are the three most prevalent species. Aim: The purpose of this study is to isolate Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from cow rumen fluid in the province of Mosul, as well as to determine how laser light irradiation affects the growth and morphological traits of this organism. Methods: From the fluid rumen of AL-restaki and AL-karadi cows, the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was isolated. Using a traditional approach and the ID-Yst card system Vitek 2, isolated colonies were purified, recognized, and described. A semiconductor laser system with a power of 50 mW and a wavelength of 450 nm was used in the experiment to evaluate the light laser irradiation effects on the direct culture growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa under two light irradiation conditions of 30 and 60 minutes. Results: According to traditional methods and the ID-Yst card system Vitek 2, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa predominated 7/30 (23.3%), and these strains effectively thrived on medium containing dextrose agar as evidenced by the carotenoid pigments that gave their colonies a salmon-pink to coral-red hue. When compared to a control group where no laser was used, the impact of light laser irradiation was assessed 24 hours after the irradiation using a biomass (dry weight measuring yeast cell content in suspension) and microscopic analysis using Gram stain. The irregular shape of the cells and their link to one another were shown by macroscopic and microscopic examinations. The irradiated culture subculture on sabouraued dextrose agar and incubation at 37 C for 3 days demonstrated inhibited growth in 4/7 (57.1%) isolates. Also, there was no discernible difference between the control group and the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa biomass concentration under light irradiation circumstances (30 and 60 min). Conclusion: This was the first study identifying Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in Iraqi cow rumen fluid. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(6.000): 765-771]

Published
2023
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14. Bioequivalence study of eltrombopag 75 mg film-coated tablets under fasting conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic in healthy Caucasian male subjects.

Author

Inal, Ahmet, Sezer, Zafer, Pinarbasli, Onur, Bulut, Burcu, Reinsch, Martin, Martin, Wolfgang, Mazicioglu, Mumtaz M., and Koru, Selma Alime

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, ELTROMBOPAG, BLOOD sampling, CONFIDENCE intervals, PARTICIPANT observation
Abstract

This study aims to determine the bioequivalence of the reference preparation and the test preparation containing eltrombopag when both were given during the COVID-19 pandemic while fasting. Participants in the research were healthy male Caucasian subjects. One film-coated tablet of the test preparation or one film tablet of the reference preparation, equivalent to 75 mg of eltrombopag, was given to the participants in a randomized order throughout each treatment session. At pre determined blood sampling points, blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetics of eltrombopag. Eltrombopag concentrations in the samples were determined using an LC-MS/MS technique verified using ESI(−). The study results were used to calculate the rate (the maximum plasma concentration, or Cmax) and extent (area under the concentration-time curve of plasma, or AUC(0−72) and AUC(0−t) of eltrombopag absorption from the test preparation and reference preparation. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the ln-transformed AUC(0−72), AUC(0−t), and Cmax of eltrombopag met the bioequivalence requirements of 80.00–125.00%. Both trial preparations had a similar and very satisfactory safety profile. Key points: • Bioequivalence of eltrombopag film-coated tablets • Safety evaluation of eltrombopag film-coated tablets [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Determining the effect of Covid-19 disease on family physicians' social and daily activities in Kayseri/Türkiye

Author

Afşin Ahmet, Isildak Esmagul, and Mazicioglu Mumtaz M.

Subjects
covid-19, general practitioner, family physician, social activities, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective: We aimed at determining the effects of Covid-19 disease on family physicians' (FPs) daily work and life. Methods: We searched for GPs who had Covid-19 by making inquiries in the Medical Chamber, Association of GPs in Kayseri, and local health authorities. Our study period covers the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Türkiye (March 11th, 2020 - March 11th, 2021). The descriptive characteristics, we looked into, were the use of preventive measures, location of family health centers, the transmission route of Covid-19, the symptoms they experienced, FP's general health status, and additionally details of isolation, diagnosis, and hospitalization procedures. Results: A total of 85 FPs (18.2% of all FPs in the Kayseri region) had Covid-19 in the first 12 months of the Covid-19 pandemic in Kayseri/Türkiye. FPs who gave consent to participate in our study made up 60.8% of Kayseri's FPs. Washing hands, keeping distance, using face masks, and frequent indoor ventilation were the most frequently used measures (>75%). More than 2/3 of FPs stuck to the preventive measures. The most frequent symptoms experienced by the FPs were muscle and joint pain, weakness, and fever (more than 1/5 of FPs, respectively 35.4%, 30.4%, 29.1%). The transmission sites were mostly Family Health Centers. Conclusion: About 1/6 of FPs were infected with Covid-19. Almost all of them were working in the urban area. The mean hospitalization stay was 7.7 days and in more than 50% the symptoms of fever and cough were detected. The disease transmission was the most prevalent at the workplace and the most common concern of FPs was the protection of their families.

Published
2022
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16. SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DENGUE CASES IN CEBU CITY FROM YEAR 2015 TO 2022

Author

Rejuso, A. M., primary, Sampayan, S. C., additional, Petallo, K. V., additional, Pulaw, F. A., additional, Rodriguez, K. C., additional, Rosales, Z. G., additional, Mumtaz, M., additional, Saber, N. I., additional, Salonga, E. L., additional, Sente, A. R., additional, Silvela, A. B., additional, Krishna, K. R., additional, Pepito, Z. P., additional, Masalunga, M. C., additional, and Banaay, A. L., additional

Published
2024
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20. Contributors

Author

Aaseth, Jan, primary, Aggett, Peter, additional, Aitio, Antero, additional, Åkesson, Agneta, additional, Albin, Maria, additional, Alexander, Jan, additional, Andersen, Christian B.I., additional, Andersen, Ole, additional, Apostoli, Pietro, additional, Aschner, Michael, additional, Bakadlag, Rowa, additional, Barregard, Lars, additional, Bellinger, David C., additional, Bergdahl, Ingvar A., additional, Berlinger, Balazs, additional, Bernard, Alfred, additional, Bigert, Carolina, additional, Bjerregaard, Poul, additional, Blain, Robyn, additional, Blomqvist, Lennart K., additional, Bocca, Beatrice, additional, Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan, additional, Broberg, Karin, additional, Brown, Ronald P., additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben, additional, Caito, Samuel W., additional, Carle, Tiffany, additional, Chen, Chien-Jen, additional, Chen, Xiao, additional, Chen, Lung-Chi, additional, Chou, C.-H. Selene J., additional, Cohen, Mitchell D., additional, Costa, Max, additional, De Palma, Giuseppe, additional, Elder, Alison, additional, Elinder, Carl-Gustaf, additional, Fadeel, Bengt, additional, Faroon, Obaid M., additional, Fowler, Bruce A., additional, Fujishiro, Hitomi, additional, Fustinoni, Silvia, additional, Gerhardsson, Lars, additional, Grandjean, Philippe, additional, Gustavsson, Per, additional, Hedberg, Yolanda, additional, Himeno, Seiichiro, additional, Huang, Xi, additional, Hultman, Per A., additional, Iavicoli, Ivo, additional, Jin, Taiyi, additional, Jones, Robert L., additional, Karlsson, Hanna L., additional, Keith, Larry S., additional, Kim, Yangho, additional, Klein, Catherine B., additional, Kleinman, Michael, additional, Kotelchuck, David, additional, Kusaka, Yukinori, additional, Landrigan, Philip J., additional, Leffler, Per E., additional, Leso, Veruscka, additional, Li, Alex Heng, additional, Lison, Dominique, additional, Liu, Shan, additional, Lucchini, Roberto G., additional, Maciejczyk, Polina, additional, Mann, Koren K., additional, Maples-Reynolds, Nikki, additional, Maroney, Michael J., additional, Martins, Airton C., additional, Matsui, Mary S., additional, Moffett, Daphne B., additional, Møller, Lisbeth Birk, additional, Mumtaz, M. Moiz, additional, Nakano, Makiko, additional, Nemery, Benoit, additional, Nogawa, Koji, additional, Nordberg, Gunnar F., additional, Nordberg, Monica, additional, Ortiz, Angelica, additional, Oskarsson, Agneta, additional, Ostrakhovitch, Elena A., additional, Pałczyński, Cezary M., additional, Pawlas, Natalia, additional, Pelclova, Daniela, additional, Pesonen, Maria, additional, Pollard, K. Michael, additional, Rink, Lothar, additional, Ruggieri, Flavia, additional, Ruiz, Patricia, additional, Sandstead, Harold H., additional, Santonen, Tiina, additional, Sato, Kazuhiro, additional, Satoh, Hiroshi, additional, Saxena, Deepak, additional, Schoeters, Greet, additional, Sjögren, Bengt, additional, Skerfving, Staffan, additional, Smith, Donald R., additional, Sullivan, Dexter W., additional, Sumi, Daigo, additional, Sun, Hong, additional, Suojalehto, Hille, additional, Tanaka, Akiyo, additional, Tenenbein, Milton, additional, Thurston, George D., additional, Tomei Torres, Francisco A., additional, Toprak, Muhammet S., additional, Tylenda, Carolyn A., additional, Tyson, Julian F., additional, Umemura, Tomohiro, additional, Whittaker, Margaret H., additional, Wolf, Jana, additional, Yan, Wenbo, additional, Yokel, Robert A., additional, and Zalups, Rudolfs K., additional

Published
2022
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23. Failover strategy for fault tolerance in cloud computing environment

Author

Mohammed, Bashir, Kiran, Mariam, Maiyama, Kabiru M, Kamala, Mumtaz M, and Awan, Irfan‐Ullah

Subjects
cloud computing, fault tolerance, checkpointing, virtualization, load balancing, virtual machine, Information and Computing Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Software Engineering
Abstract

Cloud fault tolerance is an important issue in cloud computing platforms and applications. In the event of an unexpected system failure or malfunction, a robust fault-tolerant design may allow the cloud to continue functioning correctly possibly at a reduced level instead of failing completely. To ensure high availability of critical cloud services, the application execution, and hardware performance, various fault-tolerant techniques exist for building self-autonomous cloud systems. In comparison with current approaches, this paper proposes a more robust and reliable architecture using optimal checkpointing strategy to ensure high system availability and reduced system task service finish time. Using pass rates and virtualized mechanisms, the proposed smart failover strategy (SFS) scheme uses components such as cloud fault manager, cloud controller, cloud load balancer, and a selection mechanism, providing fault tolerance via redundancy, optimized selection, and checkpointing. In our approach, the cloud fault manager repairs faults generated before the task time deadline is reached, blocking unrecoverable faulty nodes as well as their virtual nodes. This scheme is also able to remove temporary software faults from recoverable faulty nodes, thereby making them available for future request. We argue that the proposed SFS algorithm makes the system highly fault tolerant by considering forward and backward recovery using diverse software tools. Compared with existing approaches, preliminary experiment of the SFS algorithm indicates an increase in pass rates and a consequent decrease in failure rates, showing an overall good performance in task allocations. We present these results using experimental validation tools with comparison with other techniques, laying a foundation for a fully fault-tolerant infrastructure as a service cloud environment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Published
2017

33. Unlocking the potential of biofilm- forming plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for growth and yield enhancement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Results from In vitro and in vivo studies

Author

Rafique, Munazza, primary, Naveed, Muhammad, additional, Mumtaz, M. Zahid, additional, Niaz, Abid, additional, Alamri, Saud, additional, Siddiqui, Manzer H., additional, Ali, Zulfiqar, additional, Naman, Abdul, additional, Rehman, Sajid ur, additional, Brtnicky, Martin, additional, Mustafa, Adnan, additional, and Waheed, Muhammad Qandeel, additional

Published
2023
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34. Phytotherapy: An alternative way of treating diseases on scientific basis

Author

Mazicioğlu Mumtaz M.

Subjects
phytotherapy, traditional complementary and alternative medicine, conventional medicine, secondary metabolites, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Plants are one of the main sources of nutrition, cosmetics, and medical supplements and drugs. Certain characteristics of plants make them suitable for phytotherapeutic use: easy to access, low cost, and the common perception that they are natural and safe. Although conventional medical therapies have a reliable scientific basis and widespread use, there are several countries, from different socioeconomic levels, where the use of plant-based remedies is legally regulated. Traditional complementary and alternative therapeutic methods (TCAM) or remedy use is prevalent in both acute and chronic health conditions, in about one-third and two-thirds of cases, respectively. Additionally, about one-third of individuals who use phytotherapeutics do not inform their physicians about it. Phytotherapy is the most frequently used TCAM method. If plant secondary metabolites - phenols, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes, triterpenoids and saponins, essential oils and resins, fixed oils and alkamides, polysaccharides, alkaloids are used in certain doses for a particular duration of time to counteract certain metabolic processes, we may describe the process as conventional medical practice. On the other hand, plants are also used as remedies in TCAM procedures, according to humoral pathology theory; the contemporary medical method used until the 18th century. Still, we can not describe the process as a conventional medical method because phytochemicals are used to intervene in certain metabolic processes in order to rebalance the humoral disorder and certain elements may repair the disbalance that leads to disease.

Published
2020

42. Contributors

Author

Aaseth, Jan, primary, Aggett, Peter, additional, Aitio, Antero, additional, Åkesson, Agneta, additional, Albin, Maria, additional, Alexander, Jan, additional, Andersen, Christian B.I., additional, Andersen, Ole, additional, Apostoli, Pietro, additional, Aschner, Michael, additional, Bakadlag, Rowa, additional, Barregard, Lars, additional, Bellinger, David C., additional, Bergdahl, Ingvar A., additional, Berlinger, Balazs, additional, Bernard, Alfred, additional, Bigert, Carolina, additional, Bjerregaard, Poul, additional, Blain, Robyn, additional, Blomqvist, Lennart K., additional, Bocca, Beatrice, additional, Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan, additional, Broberg, Karin, additional, Brown, Ronald P., additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben, additional, Caito, Samuel W., additional, Carle, Tiffany, additional, Chen, Chien-Jen, additional, Chen, Xiao, additional, Chen, Lung-Chi, additional, Chou, C.-H. Selene J., additional, Cohen, Mitchell D., additional, Costa, Max, additional, De Palma, Giuseppe, additional, Elder, Alison, additional, Elinder, Carl-Gustaf, additional, Fadeel, Bengt, additional, Faroon, Obaid M., additional, Fowler, Bruce A., additional, Fujishiro, Hitomi, additional, Fustinoni, Silvia, additional, Gerhardsson, Lars, additional, Grandjean, Philippe, additional, Gustavsson, Per, additional, Hedberg, Yolanda, additional, Himeno, Seiichiro, additional, Huang, Xi, additional, Hultman, Per A., additional, Iavicoli, Ivo, additional, Jin, Taiyi, additional, Jones, Robert L., additional, Karlsson, Hanna L., additional, Keith, Larry S., additional, Kim, Yangho, additional, Klein, Catherine B., additional, Kleinman, Michael, additional, Kotelchuck, David, additional, Kusaka, Yukinori, additional, Landrigan, Philip J., additional, Leffler, Per E., additional, Leso, Veruscka, additional, Li, Alex Heng, additional, Lison, Dominique, additional, Liu, Shan, additional, Lucchini, Roberto G., additional, Maciejczyk, Polina, additional, Mann, Koren K., additional, Maples-Reynolds, Nikki, additional, Maroney, Michael J., additional, Martins, Airton C., additional, Matsui, Mary S., additional, Moffett, Daphne B., additional, Møller, Lisbeth Birk, additional, Mumtaz, M. Moiz, additional, Nakano, Makiko, additional, Nemery, Benoit, additional, Nogawa, Koji, additional, Nordberg, Gunnar F., additional, Nordberg, Monica, additional, Ortiz, Angelica, additional, Oskarsson, Agneta, additional, Ostrakhovitch, Elena A., additional, Pałczyński, Cezary M., additional, Pawlas, Natalia, additional, Pelclova, Daniela, additional, Pesonen, Maria, additional, Pollard, K. Michael, additional, Rink, Lothar, additional, Ruggieri, Flavia, additional, Ruiz, Patricia, additional, Sandstead, Harold H., additional, Santonen, Tiina, additional, Sato, Kazuhiro, additional, Satoh, Hiroshi, additional, Saxena, Deepak, additional, Schoeters, Greet, additional, Sjögren, Bengt, additional, Skerfving, Staffan, additional, Smith, Donald R., additional, Sullivan, Dexter W., additional, Sumi, Daigo, additional, Sun, Hong, additional, Suojalehto, Hille, additional, Tanaka, Akiyo, additional, Tenenbein, Milton, additional, Thurston, George D., additional, Tomei Torres, Francisco A., additional, Toprak, Muhammet S., additional, Tylenda, Carolyn A., additional, Tyson, Julian F., additional, Umemura, Tomohiro, additional, Whittaker, Margaret H., additional, Wolf, Jana, additional, Yan, Wenbo, additional, Yokel, Robert A., additional, and Zalups, Rudolfs K., additional

Published
2021
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48. List of Contributors

Author

Ainerua, Martins O., primary, An, Iris, additional, Barton, Charles C., additional, Bobst, Sol, additional, Bourgeois, Marie, additional, Branson, Megan, additional, Busby, Bruce, additional, Carito, Brenda, additional, Carrington, Clark, additional, Chappell, Grace A., additional, Chen, Guang-Di, additional, Cherry, Debra, additional, Chou, Karen, additional, Cichocki, Joseph A., additional, Cox, Louis Anthony, additional, de Bruin, Yuri Bruinen, additional, Dickerson, Aisha S., additional, Dorman, David C., additional, Etzel, Ruth A., additional, Felsot, Allan S., additional, Freeman, Jeremy A., additional, Frevert, Katie, additional, Friedman, Elizabeth, additional, Gad, Shayne, additional, Gifford, Victoria, additional, Gilbert, Steven G., additional, Goodman, Julie E., additional, Gupta, Anshul, additional, Guth, Kevin, additional, Hahn, Axel, additional, Harbison, Raymond D., additional, Haugabrooks, Esther M., additional, Hayes, A. Wallace, additional, Hayes, Antoinette, additional, Herriage, Stacey, additional, Hertzberg, Richard C., additional, Holmgren, Stephanie, additional, House-Knight, Tamara, additional, Humes, Sara T., additional, Hunt, Devin, additional, Irwin, William, additional, Jeddi, Maryam Zare, additional, Jones, Samantha J., additional, Klaunig, James E., additional, Krejsa, Cecile M., additional, Lassiter, Meredith G., additional, Li, Abby A., additional, Locke, Edward P., additional, Lynch, Heather N., additional, Maier, Andrew, additional, Mantooth, Stacey, additional, Marder, M. Elizabeth, additional, Mohapatra, Asish, additional, Moser, Virginia, additional, Mumtaz, M. Moiz, additional, Nelson, Lewis S., additional, Olivier, Kenneth J., additional, Persad, Amanda S., additional, Pershouse, Mark, additional, Petroff, Rebekah, additional, Pope, Carey, additional, Putnam, Elizabeth, additional, Rankin, Gary O., additional, Rice, Glenn E., additional, Sabo-Attwood, Tara, additional, Santos, Cynthia, additional, Saunders-Price, Barbara B., additional, Schaaper, Johanna E., additional, Schwela, Dietrich (Dieter), additional, Simmons, Jane Ellen, additional, Smith, Gregory J., additional, Still, Kenneth R., additional, Stoss, Frederick W., additional, Sullivan, Dexter W., additional, Sullivan, Michele R., additional, Taylor, Alicia A., additional, Teuns, Greet B.A., additional, Tilmant, Karen, additional, Valentovic, Monica A., additional, Van Der Linden, Sander, additional, Wang, Nina Ching Y., additional, Watson, Katherine D., additional, Weston, Eleanor, additional, Wexler, Philip, additional, Wise, Catherine F., additional, Wise, James T.F., additional, Wise, John Pierce, additional, Wise, John P., additional, Young, Jamie L., additional, and Young, Robert R., additional

Published
2020
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