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Byline: L. Prashanth, Hrishikesh. Kumar, Pettarusp. Wadia, Uday. Muthane Background: Movement disorders constitute a major burden among the neurological disorders. Overall prevalence and distribution of disorders requiring medical resources remain [...]

This article describes the critical first steps taken to revitalize the vast public health system of Mumbai City through the active participation of personnel from within the system. It focuses [...]

A study examining the impact of HIV/AIDS on nuclear households was undertaken in Mumbai, India. Data were collected through in-depth, individual interviews with both spouses in 7 households, the households being selected through purposive sampling. Qualitative analysis was done, through which core themes, major themes, and sub-themes and their linkages were identified. The experiences of wives, some of whom were seropositive, emerged as a significant component of the findings. Moments of truth emerged as the organizing/core theme around which these experiences could be understood. The major themes included hearing the seropositive diagnosis, redefining the marital relationship, being in charge, becoming a caregiver, facing the extended family, planning the future and discovering hidden strengths. Besides bringing out the complexity of the womens' experiences, the findings stressed the need and urgency for gender-sensitive intervention programmes. Une etude examinant l'impact de HIV/AIDS sur les families nucleaires a ete entreprise dans Mumbai, Inde. Des donnees ont ete rassemblees par detaille, entrevues d'individu avec les deux conjoints dans 7 families, les families etant choisies par le pre1evement purposive. L'analyse qualitative a ete faite, par laquelle des themes de noyau, les themes principanx, et les secondairethemes et leurs tringleries ont ete identifies. Les experiences des femmes, une pattie de qui etaient seropositives, ont emerge comme composant significatif des resultats. 'Les moments de la verite' ont emerge comme le theme de noyau autour duquel ces experiences pourraient etre comprises. Les themes principaux ont inclus entendre le diagnostic seropositif, redefinir le rapport matrimonial, etre responsables, devenir une caregiver, se poser a la famille etendue, projeter le futur et decouvrir des forces cachees. Sans compter qu'apporter hors de la complexite des experiences des femmes, les resultats ont souligne le besoin et l'urgence des programmes genre-sensibles d'interposition., Policies of community care in the contemporary world mandate the care for ill and infirm individuals to be the domain of the family. In HIV/AIDS, these policies are promoted by […]

A 16-year-old boy from Bombay, India had suffered repeated seizures and was admitted to the hospital. A computed tomographic (CT) scan showed swelling and a mass in the left frontal region of the brain. The three most common conditions which could cause lesions in the brain of a child from India are tumor, tuberculoma (a tumor-like mass in the brain caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis), and cysticercosis (caused by tape worms). The clinical features did not indicate diagnosis of a cerebral glioma, a type of tumor which occurs in children and causes seizures. It was thought that the mass was a tuberculoma as tuberculosis is endemic in Bombay and the clinical features were compatible with the diagnosis of tuberculoma without manifestations outside the brain. The patient had been vaccinated against tuberculosis in childhood, but vaccination is not an assurance that the disease will not develop later in life. However, the patient was given drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis and still had the seizures. Cysticercosis was still a possible diagnosis. Abscesses caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi and protozoa, or parasites were also considered. A brain biopsy was performed and examination of the tissue revealed that the patient had cysticercosis, which was manifested as a granulomatous abscess in the brain. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

The poliomyelitis surveillance program and the efficacy of the trivalent oral poliovaccine (OPV) are described for the period 1982 to 1987 for Bombay, India. Data from earlier reports indicated that the estimated efficacy for OPV was 86 percent for the period 1971 to 1982. Current estimates were made using two techniques of the case exposure method. The first was a screening procedure reporting only doses administered and the immunization status of all polio cases. This method appeared to understate the true vaccine efficacy. The second technique used data on children of the same age group, geographical region, and study year and other demographics obtained from immunization coverage surveys, as well as immunization status data of polio cases. Data developed from the second approach produced results showing OPV vaccine efficacy exceeding 90 percent in fully immunized children between the ages of 12 and 23 months. The occurrence of polio in Bombay was found to be due to the failure to vaccinate all eligible candidates at a young age rather than to be due to vaccine failures. It was also found that greater success in reducing the incidence of disease was achieved by emphasizing programs directed at children under one year old. This emphasis, however, should not be at the expense of other unvaccinated persons. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.), Poliomyelitis surveillance and vaccine efficacy in Bombay, 1982-87 Introduction A report has previously appeared on poliomyelitis surveillance and vaccine efficacy in Bombay, determined from data in the Annual Reports of [...]