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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui bagaimana Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai kejujuran pada siswa di SMPIT Az-Zahra Sragen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah guru pendidikan agama Islam, dengan informan dari kepala sekolah, waka kurikulum, waka kesiswaan, siswa dan orangtua. Teknis penngambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknis analisis data dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil menunjukan bahwa di SMPIT Az Zahra Sragen guru PAI berperan sebagai pendidik, motivator dan fasilitator dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai kejujuran pada siswa. Kemudian Strategi yang di gunakan guru PAI adalah dengan pembiasaan dan keteladanan.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui secara mendalam bagaimana pengaruh kompetensi profesional guru dan motivasi belajar peserta didik terhadap prestasil belajar di MAN 3 Ngawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode explanatory survey. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MAN 3 Ngawi dengan responden 90 siswa kelas XI yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi ganda dan korelasi produk moment. Selain itu, alat analisis yang digunakan adalah program komputer SPSS (Statistic Product and Versi 19.0 dari solusi layanan untuk Windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kompetensi Profesional Guru (X1) dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa (X2) tidak berpengaruh secara bersamaan atau signifikan terhadap Prestasi Belajar siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap sembilan puluh responden menemukan bahwa Kompetensi Profesional Guru (X1) dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa (X2) tidak mempengaruhi Prestasi Belajar Siswa secara bersamaan dan signifikan. Kompetensi Profesional Guru dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa mempengaruhi Prestasi Belajar Siswa sebesar 5,3%, atau variabel Kompetensi Profesional Guru dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa mempengaruhi Prestasi Belajar Siswa sebesar 5,3%. Variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan mempengaruhi sisa 94,7%.

The rise in acts of plagiarism of scientific work occurs due to a lack of awareness and understanding of students and academics about the ethics of scientific writing and the consequences of these actions. This research aims to describe the criteria for acts of plagiarism, legal sanctions for acts of plagiarism, efforts to resolve disputes over violations of acts of plagiarism, and strategies for preventing plagiarism in higher education. Type of normative juridical research with a statutory approach. Primary data sources include statutory regulations such as Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Management of Plagiarism in Higher Education, and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. Secondary data consists of research journals concerned with the legal issue of plagiarism. The research results show that the act of taking or using someone else's creative work without stating the source appropriately and adequately is considered plagiarism. Acts of plagiarism can be subject to administrative sanctions or criminal sanctions. Administrative sanctions include warnings, written warnings, and cancellation of diplomas, while criminal sanctions include imprisonment for a certain period of time and a fine. If an act of plagiarism has occurred, an attempt can be made to resolve it through mediation, but if it cannot be resolved through mediation, then criminal action can be taken. Efforts to prevent plagiarism of scientific works in higher education are carried out through plagiarism-free statements, open access publication of scientific works, and administrative sanctions.

Kualitas air sungai semakin memburuk akibat kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya kualitas air sungai. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat ialah melalui penegakan hukum. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menanamkan pondasi dasar dalam menjaga kelestarian lingkungan, serta merujuk pada implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah No. 38 Th 2011 yang mengatur tentang sungai. Peningkatan kesadaran dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang eksistensi peraturan pemerintah tersebut. Daerah yang dijadikan kajian sosialisasi adalah masyarakat Desa Sumber Brantas, Batu yang lokasinya dekat hulu Sungai Brantas. Sebagian masyarakat tersebut belum mengetahui adanya peraturan pemerintah yang mengatur tentang sungai. Selain itu, ditemukannya masalah laij yaitu adanya limbah tidak ramah lingkungan. Maka untuk mewujudkan lingkungan sekitar sumberdaya sungai perlu adanya kerjasama berbagai pihak, baik masyarakat, pemerintah, serta pelaku industri. Kerjasama dilakukan untuk membangun pondasi dalam pengimplementasian hukum yang berlaku. Selain itu, juga diperlukan sinergi dalam memberikan solusi secara berkelanjutan terkait permasalahan yang dihadapi di sekitar wilayah sungai.

The application of remote sensing data has been significant in modeling soil erosion. However, previous studies have fallen short in elucidating and lacked an understanding of the multifactor influencing erosion. This study addresses these limitations by employing the InVEST and the Geodetector models. Specifically, it aims (1) to delineate both spatial and temporal variations in soil erosion within the Citarum watershed from 2010 to 2020, (2) to identify the key drivers of soil erosion and unravel the underlying mechanisms, and (3) to identify the high-risk zones for soil erosion. Both models consider a range of natural predictors, including topography (slope factor), climate (precipitation factor), and vegetation cover (vegetation factor). In addition, they incorporate social parameters such as income per capita and population density, which interact with the watershed’s position in the downstream, middle, and upper streams. The results reveal that, over a decade, the average soil erosion increased by 15.50 × 106 tons, marking a 16.65% surge. The impact of factors varies significantly across different subwatershed areas. For example, fraction vegetation cover interactions influence upper- and middle-stream regions, while the downstream area is notably affected by precipitation interactions. The high-risk erosion areas in the watershed are primarily influenced by slope, precipitation, and fractional vegetation cover. In these areas, factors causing high erosion risks include slope, precipitation, and other environmental variables categorized into strata. The study highlights the varying influential factors in different watershed areas.

This study aims to determine the value of character education in the Dewi Sekartaji figure in Wayang Timplong. This study was designed qualitatively, with data collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The study was carried out in Nganjuk Regency. The puppeteers (dhalang) and Wayang Timplong craftsmen were the study informants. The results show that 1) The Wayang figure of Dewi Sekartaji composes of gabahan eyes, ambangir nose, damis mouth, torso putri sariro, bolo arms, bokongan satrio, suku bambang legs, dodot putren clothing, putren bracelet jewelry, white and bromine. 2) The value of character education embedded in the dialogue and visual form of Wayang includes assertive, responsible, religious, independent, smooth, sharp, tough, skillful, warrior, innocent, alusan ‘gentle’, modest princess, gentleness, holy, faithful, nobility, wise, vigilant, determination, struggle, devotion, noble, and noble characters. This study finds that the Dewi Sekartaji figure is relevant with five-character education values, including religious (gentle, patient, innocent, smiling, holy, believing, religious, firm), nationalism (perwira ‘commander’, warrior, devoted), independent (sharp, tough, skillful, agile, vigilant, fighter, independent), integrity (good, wise, honest, simple, loyal, great, responsible, assertive). This research can be used as inspiration for learning materials and can be used as reference and comparison material for researchers who will conduct research with the same focus.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas program gerakan literasi sekolah yang dilaksanakan di SD Salman Alfarisi Cibinong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif evaluatif dengan model evaluasi Context Input Process and Product (CIPP) yang dikembangkan oleh Stufflebeam. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan penyebaran angket. Hasil penelitian program gerakan literasi sekolah dengan menggunakan model CIPP telah terlaksana dengan baik. Hal tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa pada konteks telah merancang program gerakan literasi sekolah dengan tujuan yang jelas. Untuk input program gerakan literasi sekolah sudah memenuhi sarana dan prasarana yang menunjang proses. Kemudian pada proses masih ada hambatan dalam menjalankan program gerakan literasi sekolah seperti belum lengkapnya sarana dan prasarana. Produk yang dihasilkan dari pelaksanaan program gerakan literasi sekolah yaitu baik sekali dengan rata-rata 87,5% dari enam komponen salah satunya yaitu manfaat yang diperoleh peserta didik seperti minat baca. Sama halnya dengan yang diharapkan dari tujuan gerakan literasi sekolah di SD Salman Alfarisi Cibinong yaitu menumbuhkan minat baca pada peserta didik.

The government has established various policies regarding mining in Indonesia. Still, an important question that needs to be asked is whether these policies have provided benefits, justice, and balance for indigenous and tribal peoples. This study aims to analyze the impact of Indonesian mining regulations on the protection of indigenous peoples. This is a normative legal research effort. The literature review gathers information from document analysis, which is analyzed qualitatively. Data analysis is descriptive-analytic in nature. The study results show that the impact of mining regulations still needs to reflect the recognition and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. There is a need to improve mining management legislation and systems. Standardization of reclamation and post-mining management is required to provide implementation guidelines that meet the needs of the community. It has no negative impact on the community surrounding the mine. Licensing is one policy that can be used to implement standardization, which means keeping an eye on how the land is managed after mining, how waste is handled, and how policies are made to encourage mining and conservation activities that are good for the environment.

Many countries, including Indonesia, face severe water scarcity and groundwater depletion. Monitoring and evaluation of water resources need to be done. In addition, it is also necessary to improve the method of calculating water, which was initially based on a biophysical approach, replaced by a socio-ecological approach. Water yields were estimated using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and geographic weighted regression (GWR) methods were used to identify and analyze socio-ecological variables for changes in water yields. The purpose of this study was: (1) to analyze the spatial and temporal changes in water yield from 2000 to 2018 in the Citarum River Basin Unit (Citarum RBU) using the InVEST model, and (2) to identify socio-ecological variables as driving factors for changes in water yields using the OLS and GWR methods. The findings revealed the overall annual water yield decreased from 16.64 billion m3 year-1 in the year 2000 to 12.16 billion m3 year-1 in 2018; it was about 4.48 billion m3 (26.91%). The socio-ecological variables in water yields in the Citarum RBU show that climate and socio-economic characteristics contributed 6% and 44%, respectively. Land use/Land cover (LU/LC) and land configuration contribution fell by 20% and 40%, respectively.The main factors underlying the recent changes in water yields include average rainfall, pure dry agriculture, and bare land at 28.53%, 27.73%, and 15.08% for the biophysical model, while 30.28%, 23.77%, and 10.24% for the socio-ecological model, respectively. However, the social-ecological model demonstrated an increase in the contribution rate of climate and socio-economic factors and vice versa for the land use and landscape contribution rate. This circumstance demonstrates that the socio-ecological model is more comprehensive than the biophysical one for evaluating water scarcity.

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan memerikan bentuk dan faktor penyebab kekerasan yang tergambar dalam novel Masyitoh karya Ajip Rosidi. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Data dalam penelitian ini berwujud kutipan-kutipan kalimat yang merepresentasikan bentuk tindak kekerasan dan faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Data yang dimaksud dikumpulkan melalui teknik baca-catat. Kedua teknik pengumpulan data tersebut dilakukan secara bersama-sama dan terus-menerus. Setelah terkumpul, data dianalisis menggunakan teknik interaktif. Teknik interaktif dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas beberapa tahapan, (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, (3) interpretasi data, (4) simpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel Masyitoh karya Ajip Rosidi merepresentasikan bentuk dan faktor penyebab kekerasan yang beragam. Bentuk-bentuk kekerasan yang dimaksud terdiri atas kekerasan psikologis dan kekerasan fisik. Kekerasan psikologis meliputi tindakan perampasan hak, pemerasan, pembentakan, tertawa merendahkan, desakan, dan penghinaan. Kekerasan fisik meliputi tindakan penombakan dan pematahan, penyepakan, pengikatan dan pencambukan, penyeretan dan pencambukan, serta perebusan. Adapun faktor penyebab terjadinya tindak kekerasan meliputi kediktatoran penguasa, perlawanan, kurangnya kehati-hatian, dan perbedaan cara pandang. KATA KUNCI: kekerasan; novel; sosiologi sastra VIOLENCE IN THE NOVEL MASYITOH BY AJIP ROSIDI ABSTRACT: This study aims to describe the forms and causes of violence depicted in the novel Masyitoh by Ajip Rosidi. The research was conducted using descriptive analysis method with a sociology of literature approach. The data in this study are in the form of excerpts from sentences that represent forms of violence and the factors behind them. The data in question was collected through a read-note technique. The two data collection techniques were carried out simultaneously and continuously. Once collected, the data were analyzed using interactive techniques. The interactive technique in this study consisted of several stages, (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) data interpretation, (4) conclusion and verification. The results showed that the novel Masyitoh by Ajip Rosidi represented various forms and factors causing violence. The forms of violence in question consist of psychological violence and physical violence. Psychological violence includes acts of deprivation of rights, extortion, yelling, condescending laughter, pressure, and humiliation. Physical violence includes shooting and breaking, kicking, tying and whipping, dragging and whipping, and boiling. The factors that cause acts of violence include the dictatorship of rulers, resistance, lack of prudence, and different perspectives. KEYWORDS: violence; novel; sociology of literature

Many batik motifs have been developed in various regions, inspired by various local resources such as plants, animals, regional icons, cultural arts, etc. The objective of this study is to look for ideas in the form of teak leaves and flowers that can be developed into batik and textile motif designs. The descriptive qualitative, literature review, participatory follow-up study, focus group discussion method, and the development of craftsman creativity were all used to achieve these goals. The study took place at the Jalidin batik craft shop in Sragen. Teak plant objects, motif designers, batik craftsmen, and libraries were among the data sources. The findings of the study were the motifs in the form of teak leaves and flowers, which could be used as master designs for both batik and textiles. Then the shape of the teak leaves and flowers are arranged in various compositions to produce several designs, and the batik motif designs are applied to jarit-patterned batik, long-sleeved shirt-patterned batik, and textile/printed batik. The resulting motifs were then produced into batik according to the economic class projections of the consumers, namely the consumer’s economic class projections, using prima and primissima cloths, combination and writing techniques, synthetic and natural dyes, and synthetic and natural dyes. In addition, the motifs were produced into printed textiles/batik. Batik cloths and textiles that have been produced are then made into shirts.

Mount Merapi, located in Indonesia, is known as one of the most active volcanoes globally, often resulting in volcanic eruptions that produce pyroclastic materials. These materials from Mount Merapi’s eruptions have the potential to influence soil fertility in areas affected by the volcanic activities. This study aims to analyze the mineralogical properties of pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi. The methodology involves collecting pyroclastic material samples from the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi, followed by analysis using various mineralogical techniques such as polarized microscopy, X-ray diffraction, petrographic analysis, and wet chemical analysis. The findings offer detailed insights into the mineral composition, types of clay minerals, overall elemental presence, and the rock types forming these minerals in the pyroclastic materials. Variations in mineral composition are observed in the pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi. Predominant minerals, including the plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende groups, are distinctly identified. These minerals’ presence suggests their susceptibility to weathering, categorized as easily weatherable minerals. This tendency for weathering is shown by the presence of elements like Na, Ca, and Mg in these minerals, which are crucial macro-nutrients for plant growth.

The eruption of Mount Merapi has had a negative impact on the community; however, on the other hand, it also has positive aspects that cannot be ignored. One of the major benefits associated with the eruption of this mountain is its ability to fertilize and restore the quality of the surrounding soil. This process of soil restoration involves the use of volcanic materials resulting from the eruption, specifically known as rejuvination or soil rejuvenation. In the concept of soil rejuvenation, pyroclastic materials play an important role due to their nutrient-rich content. These pyroclastic materials consist of various types of rocks and minerals, which have great potential to make a positive contribution in providing nutrients needed by plants. Based on the results of X-Ray diffraction analysis, the pyroclastic material from Mount Merapi is dominated by the mineral Albite, accounting for 81.3%. This mineral has the property of being easily weathered and susceptible to weathering agents. Volcanic materials from Mount Merapi can be utilized as agrominerals, this concept involves using volcanic material as a source of nutrients for plants since it contains both macro and micro nutrients required by plants.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon caused by the release of positive and negative charges occur in cumulonimbus (CB) clouds. CG lightning is a lightning that strikes from the clouds to the ground. This lightning is dangerous for human activities which can cause burns, blindness, and even temporary deafness. This research will determine the areas prone to CG lightning strikes and lightning characteristics in the city of Pasuruan. Space-time permutation scan statistics is a method used to detect prone areas by considering spatial and temporal aspects. This method merely requires case data, such as location and time without using population data. The detected prone areas will be tested for significance using Monte Carlo. It is used to determine the distribution of the sample. In this study, the Monte Carlo test for scanning window is 0.048 (p-value < 0.05), Sekargadung. Thus, making Sekargadung a hotspot for lightning-prone areas. Furthermore, the value is taken based on the highest ratio test (LRT), 11.46, which is the most likely cluster. Based on space-time permutation statistics Sekargadung is the main hotspot prone area in this case study. It has 226 strikes with the intensity of their occurrence with characteristics area dominant paddy field.

utilizing Prezi applications on biography text material. The research technique is the research and development approach that employs the DDD-E model (Decide, Design, Develop, and Evaluate). The primary outcome of this research is Indonesian language learning media created with the Prezi application. The quality of Indonesian language learning media utilizing the Prezi application is extremely feasible based on the product development process, which includes product validation by experts (material expert, media expert, and practitioner expert validations). Students from SMAN 5 Bandar Lampung were the research subjects. The researchers also performed a small-scale trial with ten randomly chosen students and a large-scale trial with thirty students. The product feasibility test at SMAN 5 Bandar Lampung yielded a feasibility score of 92.83% (very feasible). The developed media is likely appropriate for use in the learning process. This research, however, was only limited to the development stage. It is envisaged that this media will be tested for effectiveness.

According to literature, a child’s request is always addressed to a specific person or group of people. To our knowledge, however, studies on language use, interactions, and social dimensions in relation to request making to an interlocutor are uncommon in the Indonesian context; therefore, we sought to describe the considerations taken by children when making requests. Forty children between the ages of 6 and 10 took part in this qualitative study. We collected data using observation and field notes. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using an interactive model. The findings indicate that the majority of children's requests are directed toward interlocutors who are classified as having an extremely close relationship. In contrast, children never make direct requests to interlocutors classified as quite distant or extremely distant. The findings also indicate that requests made to interlocutors with a higher social status than children use a particular verbal form based on the nature of the request and the implied context. In contrast to reality, requests made to interlocutors with a lower social status are more likely to be made directly. It is hoped that the findings of this study will contribute to pragmatic and speech-related theories, as well as to improvements in language education based on a communicative and contextual approach that returns language to its primary function as a tool for communication and places language learning in a meaningful context.

ABSTRAK: Sebagai salah satu bagian sastra lama, Legenda Serunting Sakti banyak menyajikan konflik tokoh di dalamnya. Konflik menjadi salah satu bagian penting di dalam menciptakan keutuhan dan kepaduan makna cerita. Kajian ini bertujuan menggambarkan wujud konflik tokoh utama, faktor penyebab konflik tokoh utama, dan upaya penyelesaian konflik tokoh utama dalam Legenda Serunting Sakti. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik baca-catat dan dianalisis menggunakan metode interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama dalam Legenda Serunting Sakti mengalami berbagai konflik yang sangat beragam. Wujud konflik yang dimaksud meliputi konflik internal dan konflik eksternal. Konflik tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan kepentingan, perbedaan kebudayaan, dan perbedaan pola pikir antara individu-individu. Untuk menghilangkan atau setidaknya meredam konflik, Serunting Sakti selaku tokoh utama melakukan beberapa upaya, yaitu dengan cara mendekati orang lain, melawan orang lain, dan menjauhi orang lain. KATA KUNCI: konflik; legenda Serunting Sakti; tokoh utama THE CONFLICT OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE LEGENDS OF SERUNTING SAKTI ABSTRACT: As a part of old literature, the Legend of Serunting Sakti presents many conflicting characters in it. Conflict is an important part in creating the wholeness and coherence of the meaning of the story. This study aims to describe the form of the main character's conflict, the factors causing the main character's conflict, and efforts to resolve the main character's conflict in the Legend of Serunting Sakti. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected using a read-note technique and analyzed using an interactive method. The results showed that the main character in the Legend of Serunting Sakti experienced various very diverse conflicts. The form of conflict in question includes internal conflict and external conflict. The conflict is motivated by differences in interests, cultural differences, and differences in mindset between individuals. To eliminate or at least reduce conflict, Serunting Sakti as the main character makes several efforts, namely by approaching other people, fighting other people, and staying away from other people. KEYWORDS: conflict; legend of Serunting Sakti; main character

This research aims to identify the relationship between poverty and risk preference in Indonesia empirically. This research employs the Indonesia Family Life Survey 2014 (IFLS5) using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and quantile regression approach, one of the most extended longitudinal data, to support this research design. The result reveals that poor households are more risk-averse than others across income levels. Moreover, poor people are poorly educated and mostly come from rural and disaster-prone areas. This evidence suggests that poor people from rural communities and disaster-prone regions should be prioritized and empowered to move from poverty zones due to their relatively high vulnerability.

Facts on the ground show that there are still many mistakes in the practice of speaking Indonesian in the community. The Indonesian language errors in question include errors in the oral and written realms. In the realm of writing, Indonesian language errors are often found in outdoor media, such as posters and bulletin boards. This study aims to describe errors in Indonesian in writing outdoor media in Mesuji Makmur District. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study are in the form of words, sentences, or discourses that are obtained directly in the field through various outdoor media, such as posters, bulletin boards, stretch cloth, and similar media in the Mesuji Makmur sub-district. As for analyzing the data, the following steps were used; (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) temporary conclusion drawing, and (4) verification. The results showed various forms of language errors were found in the writing of outdoor media in the Mesuji Makmur sub-district. The errors in question include; (1) spelling errors, (2) word choice errors, (3) morphological errors, and (4) errors in the use of prepositions

The position of agroecology as the foundation for community empowerment provides a space for dialogue between the concepts of rural development. This space is manifested in an ecological village scheme related to efforts to save the environmet. This study aims to analyze the development of an ecological village and how agroecology is placed in the scheme of an ecological village. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The key informants in this study were six people consisting of two program implementers, two people from the Village Government, and two beneficiaries. Data collection techniques used: in-depth interviews, observations and document studies. The data analysis consists of five stages, namely preparing the data, reading, coding, analyzing, and presenting the data in a narrative report. Ecological village development is carried out based on local wisdom through a participatory and integrated process based on four main pillars, namely Governance of Land Tenure, Governance of Land use, Governance of production and Governance of consumption. The integration of these four pillars is necessary because of the interrelated relationships and influences each other as a system in a holistic scheme. The position of agroecology as the foundation for community empowerment has provided directions for social transformation where the important contribution of this empowerment program is the change from conventional farming systems to agroecology, increasing agroecology capacity, and developing market networks.

This study aims to describe the form and function of deixis in Kisah Negeri Lain by Kahlil Gibran. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The study data was collected through a reading-note technique. The data analysis was carried out using an interactive model which included, (1) data reduction (2) data presentation (3) temporary conclusion drawing, and (4)verification. The results showed that in Kisah Negeri Lain by Kahlil Gibran, various forms and functions of deixis were found. The forms of deixis in question include, (1) personal deixis consisting of the first person, second person, and third person, (2) place deixis, (3) time deixis consisting of past, present, and future times, (4) deixis discourse consisting of anaphora and cataphora, (4) social deixis. The deixis functions in question include, (1) expressive functions, (2) conative functions, (3) referential functions, and (4) phatic functions.

The phenomenon of the covid 19 pandemics has changed consumer behavior, especially Generation Z who are proficient with social media, but there needs to be a trigger to want to shop at the marketplace. The purpose of this research is to find out empirically about the role of online shopping as mediation, the effect of content marketing, and price discounts on loyalty. consumers, as well as testing consumer pleasure as a moderator. This study uses a population of students who have shopped online at least 3 times using a sample of 100. Using the incidental sampling technique, you are ready to fill out the google form link. The results of this study found that online shopping has a positive effect on consumer loyalty, but online shopping needs encouragement from content marketing and price discounts that make consumers interested. The finding from moderation is that consumer pleasure weakens the effect of content marketing on online shopping, although not significantly. Meanwhile, consumer pleasure strengthens the effect of price discounts on online shopping, although it is not significant. Based on this research, it is proven that discounted prices are more attractive to consumers because they can perform efficiently during this pandemic.

Banyu Urip Village, which is famous for its adenium plants, is a place that is visited by many people. Unfortunately, this potential has not been able to make Banyu Urip Village a Tourism Village. So it is necessary to do a mapping related to the carrying capacity that can support the formation of a Tourism Village. One of them is by mapping the tourist destination attractions owned by Banyu Urip Village. The tourist destination attractions that will be studied use Middleton's tourist attractions which involve natural, social, cultural and artificial attractions. The research approach uses qualitative with descriptive research type by observing directly the findings in the field accompanied by in-depth interviews. The informants in this study were representatives from the association of ornamental plant centers, the head of youth organizations and several people of Banyu Urip Village. The results showed that of the four tourist attractions, Banyu Urip Village has natural attractions in the form of flora, high and lowlands and trees. Cultural attractions that have a lot of myths circulating as well as attractions made by ornamental plant centers. Where these attractions can be used as a carrying capacity in forming a Tourism Village. Coupled with combining various kinds of existing attractions such as natural flora attractions with artificial attractions in the form of shopping places (ornamental plant centers). Natural attractions of highlands and trees with cultural attractions that can be used as new tourist objects, namely mystical tourism.

The purpose of this research is to describe the local wisdom in the Bengkulu play script "Sayembara Putri Gading Cempaka" by Agus Setiyanto. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a sociological approach. The data of this research are words, sentences, and discourses in the local wisdom of the Bengkulu play script Sayembara Putri Gading Cempaka written by Agus Setiyanto. The data were collected by the read-note technique. The data collection and analysis were conducted simultaneously so that the data could be triangularly validated with the data source. The data analysis was done by the content analysis technique method. The results showed that Agus Setiyanto's Bengkulu play Sayembara Putri Gading Cempaka had various local wisdoms. The local wisdom covered tangible local wisdom; (1) taboos and obligations of a leader, (2) traditions, (3) values, (4) advice, (5) way of life, and (6) local languages.

This study analyzes the limas house as reflect of Palembang cultural identity, which is interpreted as the identity of "as to becoming". The change in the limas house as a cultural marker is adaptive and dynamic following changes in cultural identity, mainly a family structure, kinship relationship, gender, and marital status. This research uses a qualitative method with the structuralism and phenomenological approach. The informant criteria determined purposively. The data was collected using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The study uses structural analysis to find the structure of form and the layout of the limas house. The analysis of cultural studies is carried out to provide context for the dynamics of changes in cultural identity that affect changes in the limas house. The results showed the structure of the limas house reflects the organizing the layout of the house according to family structure, kinship relationship, gender, and marital status as the cultural identity Palembang. The cultural identity is dynamic through the processes of production and reproduction, thus influencing changes in the limas house. The dynamics of change show the limas house can accommodate social continuity. Limas house is an arena that shows cultural identity through building changes that are adaptive to the social processes. Limas house needs to be protected, maintained, and developed through reinterpretation and revitalization in line with the cultural dynamics of the society.

The objectives of this research are to identify the distribution of tourist villages in the Central Java Province using a spatial approach and to analyze the current conditions regarding: (a) the comparison of the conditions of tourist villages and non-tourist villages from the input aspects (attractiveness, accessibility, amenity) supporting tourism development, (b) the comparison of the conditions of tourist villages and non-tourist villages seen from the output of tourist village development achievements (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Developing Village Index (DVI)), and (c) the influence of input factors on output factors with the status of tourist villages as a moderating variable. This research seeks to examine the area of villages in the Central Java Province, with 8562 villages focusing on 384 tourist villages and 8178 non-tourist villages. The analytical methods used to answer the objectives of this research are Geographic Information System (GIS), Mann–Whitney test (U test), and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The existence of tourist villages in general can have a positive impact in increasing attractiveness, amenities, and SDGs. These findings prove that the existence of a tourist village is able to support the achievement of the Village SDGs. This is in accordance with previous studies, which found that tourism development can have a positive effect on village economic conditions. In terms of accessibility, there is no significant difference between tourist villages and non-tourism villages because currently the development of accessibility infrastructure in rural areas is evenly distributed, not only in tourist villages but in all villages. As for DVI, the existence of tourist villages has not been able to encourage the achievement of DVI because there are many elements that make up DVI not only aspects of attractiveness, accessibility and amenities but also elements of social, economic and environmental resilience.

Batik has become everyday clothing for the people of Indonesia, many batik businesses have sprung up in several regions in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe the minimum standards of aspects needed to establish a batik craft business. These aspects include capital funds, materials, equipment, employees, human resource management, production management, financial management, and marketing management. This qualitative descriptive research was conducted in several batik craft businesses on the island of Java. Twenty key informants consisted of 10 batik entrepreneurs, 3 motive designers, 3 batik makers, 1 stamper, and 3 color workers. The research data was collected through interview techniques, focus group discussion, document observation and study, then analyzed using interactive models. To establish a batik business with an initial production process for one month, a fund of Rp.37,350,000.00 is needed, 5 batik makers, 1 color dealer, an area of 100m2 and a building of 64m2. To establish a combination of stamp and writing batik business with an initial production process for one month, funds amounting to Rp 113,900,000.00, 4 employees, land 100m2 and building 69m2 are needed. The establishment of a batik business is estimated to be the main point of return for 7 months.

The Educational Policy of Pakubuwono X in Surakarta in 1893-1939 was influenced by the social politic condition at that time. Such as the born of etic politic, the appearance of zending school, the development of Chinese and teacher ordonnance. The focus of this research is to know the policy of Pakubuwono X in the educational field in Surakarta in 1893-1939. It analyzes the influence of Pakubuwono X’s Policy toward the Islamic educational development in Surakarta dealing with Islamic Education today. The research method is descriptive, to describe the phenomenon, and to gain the point of view, to determine what part to analyze, and what kind of part to be revealed. The result of the research concludes that the policy of Pakubuwono X was classified into two factors. First, the policy deals with the Islamic education institution, and second, the policy which was not dealt with the establishment of educational institutions. The presence of Mambaul Ulum took a big effect on the development of Islamic education in Surakarta. It was seen by the appearance of Islamic scholars, religious teachers, religious officers, and the development of Islamic preaching. AbstrakKebijakan pendidikan Pakubuwana X di Surakarta tahun 1893-1939 sangat terkait dengan kondisi sosial politik saat itu, seperti lahirnya politik etis, munculnya sekolah zending (Kristen), pendirian sekolah Cina, dan lahirnya Ordonansi guru. Fokus penelitian berkisar untuk mengetahui kebijakan Pakubuwana X dalam bidang pendidikan di Surakarta tahun 1893 – 1939, menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan Pakubuwana X terhadap pengembangan pendidikan Islam di Surakarta serta relevansinya dengan pendidikan Islam hari ini. Metode penelitian sejarah dengan penggambaran mengenai suatu peristiwa dimana dan dari sudut mana kita memandangnya, dimensi mana yang diperhatikan, unsur-unsur mana yang diungkapkan. Hasil penelitian, secara garis besar kebijakan pendidikan Pakubuwana X dikelompokkan menjadi dua. Pertama: berkaitan dengan lembaga pendidikan Islam dan kedua: kebijakan yang tidak terkait langsung dengan pendirian lembaga pendidikan. Kehadiran Madrasah Mambaul Ulum berpengaruh besar terhadap perkembangan pendidikan Islam di Surakarta dengan munculnya para ulama, guru agama, pejabat keagamaan serta berkembangnya dakwah dan syiar Islam.

In addition to the focus of research selected as a Final Project material, the selection of lecturers as student's supervisor becomes very important. The lecturer's competence related to the focus of student research and the supervising style of lecturers is also very influential on the final results. Measurement of style appropriateness between students' learning styles and supervising lecturers' styles can benchmark the quality of the final project's implementation, especially higher education institutions. This study has applied fuzzy-based assessment to build objective perceptions of students' learning characteristics and lecturers' characteristics (Visual (V), Auditory (A), Kinesthetic (K)) as supervisors through questionnaire processing that has designed in such away. Hence, it is suitable for this study. The measuring technique of the percentage of overlapping areas under the curves and the correlation test between a pair of curves have been used as performance measurement metrics. In general, the study results indicate a significant level of coverage adequacy for all research variables regarding existing conditions. It means that the process of Final Project activities in terms of students' and lecturers' learning characteristics as supervisors and their distribution is at a reasonable level (88.38%). It has also been shown by the results of the correlation test of the appropriateness of choice, both supervisors selected by students (0.8657) and students chosen by lecturers (0.9897) who are at a very significant level of similarity. Correlation tests conducted for similarities between students' and lecturers' learning characteristics as supervisors show almost no significant correlation between them (0.4064).

ABSTRACT This research aims to gather empirical evidence on the position of profitability as a mediation variable on liquidity, activity, and leverage on stock returns in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) between 2017 and 2019. A sample of 11 was collected using the purposive sampling method. A manufacturing firm registered as a consumer goods industry. According to the findings of this report, liquidity, activity, and leverage all significantly impacted profitability but had no impact on stock returns. Profitability has a significant impact on stock returns, and it is a variable that mediates the full impact of liquidity, activity, and leverage on stock returns. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris tentang peran profitabilitas sebagai variabel mediasi, terhadap likuiditas, aktivitas dan leverage pada return saham pada perusahaan manufaktur yang berada dalam Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) selama tahun 2017 - 2019. Dengan menggunakan metode pruposive sampling diperoleh sampel 11 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar sebagai industri barang konsumsi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa likuiditas, aktivitas dan leverage secara partial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, tetapi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap pengembalian saham. Profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengembalian saham dan merupakan variabel yang memediasi penuh pengaruh sebagai likuiditas, aktivitas dan leverage terhadap pengembalian saham.

The coastal region is a meeting point of land and sea. The coastal area utilization has developed intensively, which causes the sustainability or capacity of coastal ecosystems, and the pollution potential in this area exceeded due to various human activities. This condition affects the existence of microalgae, which play an important role not only in the food chain in the aquatic environment but also in humans at the end. This research was carried out in Sendang Biru Waters, South Malang Regency. The purpose of this study was to map and determine the biodiversity as well as the distribution of microalgae in coastal waters using in situ data. The data were analyzed using geographic information system techniques in the form of microalgae distribution and biodiversity maps. The results showed that the microalgae identified from the genera Chaetoceros and Navicula showing the highest frequency. The biodiversity index value at station 1 was 3,312, at station 2 was 3,184. These values indicate that the Sendang Biru waters were highly diverse in microalgae composition. The results of the temperature-water quality parameters are 27-29 ° C, salinity 32-35 ppt, and pH 7.8-8.2. The range of nitrate nutrients ranges from 0.0142 to 0.082 mg/l, while phosphate from 0.024 to 0.074 mg/l, silica showed values between 1.249 to 1.393 mg/l. Based on the analysis of chlorophyll-a, the range of chlorophyll-a values was between 1.773-1.777 mg/l. All parameters of water quality were classified as suitable for microalgae growth. Therefore, the microalgae biodiversity in this location can still be considered relatively high. Keywords: Coastal Area Biodiversity Microalgae ABSTRAK Wilayah pesisir merupakan tempat bertemunya daratan dan lautan. Pemanfaatan wilayah pesisir secara intensif mengakibatkan terlampauinya daya dukung atau kapasitas berkelanjutan dari ekosistem pesisir dan meningkatnya potensi pencemaran pada perairan pesisir yang ditimbulkan dari berbagai aktivitas manusia. Pencemaran ini akan mempengaruhi keberadaan mikroalga yang mempunyai peranan penting bukan saja dalam rantai makanan di perairan namun manusia juga pada akhirnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Sendang Biru, Kabupaten Malang. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan memetakan biodiversitas dan sebaran mikroalga di perairan pantai selatan Kabupaten Malang, dengan data in situ. Data dianalisis menggunakan peta yang dihasilkan dari teknik sistem informasi geografis dari biodiversitas dan sebaran mikroalga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga yang teridentifikasi genus Chaetoceros dan Navicula memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi. Nilai index diversitas pada stasiun 1 adalah 3,312, sedangkan pada stasiun 2 adalah 3,184. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga di perairan Sendang Biru memiliki keanekaragaman tinggi. Hasil parameter kualitas air suhu yaitu 27-29 0C, salinitas 32-35 ppt, dan pH 7,8-8,2. Kisaran nutrien nitrat adalah 0,0142 – 0,082 mg/l, fosfat 0,024 – 0,074 mg/l, dan silica berkisar 1.249 – 1.393 mg/l. Berdasarkan hasil analisis klorofil-a didapatkan kisaran nilai klorofil-a 1,773-1,777 mg/l. Seluruh parameter kualitas air masih tergolong dalam kategori baik untuk kehidupan mikroalga sehingga dapat disimpulkan biodiversitas mikroalga di lokasi penelitian relatif tinggi. Kata kunci: Wilayah Pesisir Keanekaragaman Mikroalga

This research aimed to examine the impact of growth and systematic risk on company value, mediated by profitability in insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). There are 88 companies in the financial sector in the insurance sub-sector listed on the IDX. They were taken as the population by using the purposive sampling technique. The sample of this study consisted of fourteen insurance companies. The data is analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). It was found that growth has a significant positive effect on profitability, and profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value. It means that profitability fully mediates the effect of growth on firm value. On the contrary, growth does not have a significant direct effect on firm value. Systematic risk has no significant effect on profitability and firm value. These findings are expected to have a good impact on investors and firms’ managers in Indonesia by looking at the growth and its impact on current corporate values.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of the poor population, government spending and foreign investment on regional economic growth in 20 provinces and divided into 2 regions, then compare the effectiveness of fiscal policies in the 2 regions. The paper utilizes the fixed‐effects and random‐effects techniques to estimate the panel regressions. The results showed that the right fiscal policy could increase economic growth in both the western and eastern regions of Indonesia. For the western region, revenue sharing is less effective than the eastern region in increasing economic growth, but conversely government spending on education, health and marine in the western region is more effective than the eastern region in increasing economic growth.

Transportasi pasien antar rumah sakit membutuhkan jalur tercepat, rute terpendek merupakan salah satu opsi terbaik. Pencarian jalur terpendek merupakan proses pencarian menuju simpul tujuan dengan bobot seoptimal mungkin, bobot yang digunakan berupa jarak tempuh. Jarak didapat dari proses perhitungan menggunakan rumus Haversine.Algoritma ­Floyd-Warshall dan A*(star) merupakan algoritma pencarian yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari jalur terpendek.Dari perhitungan menggunakan algoritma Floyd-Warshall didapat jarak dan simpulantar rumah sakit Samarinda Medika Citra menuju rumah sakit umum daerah Abdul Wahab Sjahranie melalui 12 simpul dengan jarak heuristik 2,987 kilometer, dan dari rumah sakit Dirgahayu menuju rumah sakit umum daerah Abdul Wahab Sjahranie melalui 11 simpul dengan jarak heuristik 3,764 kilometer. Hasil menggunakan algoritma A*(star)diperoleh jarak heuristik 4,733 kilometer dari rumah sakit Samarinda Medika Citra menuju rumah sakit umum daerah Abdul Wahab Sjahranie melalui 15 simpul, dan dari rumah sakit Dirgahayu menuju rumah sakit umum daerah Abdul Wahab Sjahranie melalui 18 simpul dengan jarak heuristik 10,607 kilometer

Coal fly ash (CFA), a byproduct of coal combustion (CCP) from electric/thermal power plants, was classified as hazardous and toxic waste under Government Regulation Number 104/2014 in Indonesia. However, a significant shift in this regulatory viewpoint developed with the introduction of Government Regulation Number 22/2021. This regulation fundamentally altered the treatment and classification of CFA. Managing CFA as a waste has been both extensive and costly. In various countries where CFA is classified as non-hazardous and non-toxic waste, its utilization spans various sectors. Agriculture is a notable sector benefiting from CFA, as it is applied to soil amendment. As a soil amendment, CFA enhances nutrient availability and soil fertility, promotes plant development, and positively alters soil physical properties. In addition, CFA application to soil improves soil carbon storage, contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper aims to review Indonesia's state of CFA utilization before the enactment of Government Regulation Number 22/2021, in order to present insights into the potential for expanded CFA utilization in soil amendment following the new regulation (Government Regulation Number 22/2021).

Two-wheelers emissions have been reduced by using sustainable fuels, mainly biogas, in conjunction with adsorbents made from corncob charcoal. Biogas is obtained by purifying biogas from fermented cow dung. In addition, activated charcoal adsorbents obtained from corn cobs are used in the biogas purification process. This process yields biogas with a methane concentration of 93.4%. Purified biogas is then mixed with liquid fuel. Therefore, this study employs the dual fuel combustion method, in which liquid fuel serves as the pilot fuel. The experiment was conducted by introducing biogas at a rate of 1 L/minute and without load at a constant engine speed of 900 rpm. The findings demonstrate a strong synergy between biogas and activated carbon adsorbents in significantly reducing CO and HC emissions. Notably, the adsorbent's capacity to adsorb exhaust emissions improves as the concentration of NaCl activator in activated charcoal increases. HC emissions can be reduced by up to 20%, while CO emissions can be reduced by up to 5.6%. However, CO emissions show an increase, particularly during biogas combustion. Yet, this increase is reversed when combined with activated charcoal adsorbent. The NaCl activator has been proven to widen charcoal pores effectively, enhancing absorption efficiency.

The processing of dairy products can result in ready-to-serve or ready-to-drink products. The process of drying generally turns dairy products into powder that must first be dissolved. A randomized block design with a 3x3 factorial analysis with just two components was used in this research, factors namely factor N (pineapple juice concentration) which consisted of 3 levels, namely n 1: 10%, n2: 20%, and n3: 30%, and factor P (pectin concentration) which consisted of 3 levels, namely p1: 0.1%, p2: 0.3% and p3: 0.5%. In this research, chemical interactions including pH, vitamin C levels, and water content were reviewed. Dissolution time, insolubleness, hygroscopicity, L* a* b* color intensity, and yield quantity are characteristics of physical interactions. Organoleptic responses include color, aroma, taste, and after taste. pineapple juice's impact on the body's chemistry, physiology, and organoleptic response. Water content, pH level, dissolving rate, insoluble, color intensity, and organoleptic reaction to aftertaste are all affected by pectin concentration. Water content, vitamin C levels, and color intensity values *L and *b are all impacted by the interaction between pineapple juice concentration and pectin concentration.

Kediri Regency is a tourist destination city that is included in the territory of East Java Province, there are various types of tourist attractions in Kediri Regency, educational tourism is one that is being developed in several districts, namely honey pumpkin educational tours, honey educational tours and guava educational tours. This research is aimed at determining the influence of information access and youth social motives in the development of educational tourism in Kediri Regency which makes youth participation requirements. It was a quantitative study using SPSS for windows. The population in this research was young people aged 16-30 years with a total sample of 120 youths spread over 3 districts in Kediri Regency. The results indicate that t count> t table (5.089> 1.657) means that information access has a significant influence on youth participation in developing educational tourism in Kediri district and there is a significant influence between social motives (achievement, avoiding conflict) on youth participation as evidenced by t count> t table (3,311> 1,657). The results of the F test show a significant value (0.000)

Incorporating games into learning a foreign language is an effective strategy that can lower students’ stress and improve their learning. Thus, this study tried to examine the impacts of Kahoot as a game-based learning tool on Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary recall and retention. To this end, 50 Iranian intermediate learners were chosen for the participants of the study. After that, the participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups, one experimental and one control. Then, the participants’ English vocabulary knowledge was measured by administering a vocabulary pretest. After pretesting process, the participants in both groups received the treatment in two different ways. In the EG, the new vocabulary items were taught using the Kahoot game, while in the CG, the new ones were taught using traditional instruction. After finishing the treatment course, which lasted ten sessions, the two groups took the immediate vocabulary posttest. After three weeks, a delayed vocabulary posttest was administered to both groups to determine the effects of Kahoot on their vocabulary retention. The results of paired samples and independent samples t-tests depicted that there were significant differences between the immediate and delayed posttests of the EG and the CG in favor of the EG. The implications of this study can tell the teachers that teaching through game-based learning tools may produce better results than teaching through traditional methods. Also, the implications of this study can encourage students to practice and learn English even outside of the class context.

This research compared the impacts of Persian and English cultural background knowledge on Iranian EFL learners’ listening skill. To that purpose, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was given to 86 Iranian EFL students; 50 of them were chosen as research participants. The respondents were then divided into two equal experimental groups (EGs) at random (Persian culture and English culture). A listening pretest was then given to both groups. The individuals in both EGs were then given the treatment. The researchers taught one EG by using the English cultural materials, while they taught the other group through the Persian cultural materials. The data were analyzed by utilizing paired samples and independent samples t-tests after the listening posttest was administered. The results showed that both EGs performed better on their posttests than on their pretests, and that there were no significant differences between the impacts of English cultural background knowledge and Persian cultural background knowledge on the listening skills of EFL students. The implications of this research can persuade EFL English teachers to incorporate more cultural-based materials into their teaching process.

This research is aimed at examining high school students’ attitudes towards e-learning. Also, the current study investigated the effects of online learning on high school students’ general English. To achieve these objectives, the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) was administered to 73 students, and 50 of them who were at the intermediate level were selected as the study participants. Then, the selected participants were randomly divided into two groups: one experimental group (EG) (n=25) and one control group (CG) (n=25). After that, a general English pretest was administered to both groups, and then, the participants of the EG received the treatment through an online instruction (WhatsApp). Three lessons of their course book (Vision book 3) were taught to the participants via the WhatsApp application. On the other hand, the participants of the CG were deprived of online instruction. They were taught traditionally, through holding a face-to-face class. After teaching all three lessons, both groups took the posttest of general English. In addition, an attitude questionnaire was administered to the participants of the EG to examine their perspectives on e-learning, and ten students were interviewed. The study results indicated that the EG outperformed the CG on the posttest. In addition, the results of one-sample t-test showed that EFL students held positive perspectives on e-learning in teaching English. The interview results indicated that digital literacy, inability to focus on the screen for a long time, and lack of accessibility to high-speed Internet were the problems of e-learning.

Regarding the attractiveness of educational games for EFL learners, the present research intended to investigate the effects of gamification on improving Iranian EFL learners’ idiomatic knowledge. In addition, the current research examined the attitudes of Iranian EFL learners towards using gamification in English learning in the Iranian EFL context. Firstly, to carry out this research, the researchers administered the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) to 84 Iranian EFL learners and selected 50 upper-intermediate participants. Secondly, they divided the selected participants into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). Thirdly, the researchers gave an idiom pretest to the participants of both groups to assess their idiomatic knowledge before starting the treatment. Fourthly, the EG was taught the new idioms using game-based instruction, while the CG received traditional idiom instruction. Following the instruction of 70 idioms to both groups, the participants received an idiom posttest to determine the influence of the treatment on their idiomatic knowledge. The EG was then provided an attitude questionnaire, and 15 members of the EG were interviewed as a result of the questionnaire. In the idiom posttest, the data were evaluated using paired samples and independent samples t-tests, and the findings revealed that the EG performed significantly better than the CG on the posttest of idioms. In fact, gamification helped EFL learners develop their idiomatic knowledge. The results indicated that Iranian EFL learners presented positive attitudes toward gamification in learning English idioms. In addition, the results revealed that enjoyment, fun, reducing anxiety, involvement, and immediate feedback were the factors that the students mentioned for the instructional games. The implications of this research can encourage English teachers to implement different educational games in their teaching.

Land degradation (LD) is an important issue worldwide because it affects food production and people’s welfare. Many factors cause land degradation, but in humid tropical areas, erosion is the main factor. More than 100 countries including Indonesia are affected by LD. Watershed management should be prioritized owing to budget constraints, while on the other side, the area affected by LD is very large compared to the size of the existing land area. The middle Citarum sub-watershed (MCSW) is one of the most degraded drylands in Indonesia, where the environment can be considered a typical humid tropical watershed. The objective of this study was to map degraded lands and prioritize restoration using a combined approach of the universal soil loss equation (USLE), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information systems (GIS) in a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) environment. The severity of LD was estimated quantitatively by analyzing the parameters of land use and land cover, slope, soil erosion, productivity, and management. The results indicated that the MCSW is dominated by the potentially degraded land classes (38%), followed by the degraded land classes (21%). The prioritization of LD restoration is suggested in the area of very high and high degraded land. The method developed in this research work could be adopted as a tool to guide decision-makers toward sustainable land resource management in humid tropical watersheds affected by LD.

The Abrahamic religions, which have been propagated and promoted by the divine prophets, aimed to guide human beings to worldly and heavenly happiness. Islamic spirituality is achieved by observing religious rules. As people spend much of their lives at the workplaces, it is imperative to address spirituality at the workplace and its effect on the quality of work life in the field of religion psychology and industrial psychology. Therefore, this study determined the role of spirituality in the quality of work life of 10 000 employees of 80 government organisations in Jakarta, Makassar, Medan and Burger in Indonesia, by simple random sampling. The participants were analysed through questionnaires. Given the religious conditions governing Indonesia, an acceptable level of spirituality was confirmed in the studied organisations. Furthermore, path analysis tests in Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) software verified a positive and significant relationship between spirituality and quality of work life (p = 0.71; T = 12.64). Organisations are slowly transforming from a small environment of purely economic and social activity into places of spiritual growth. Moreover, organisations that provide opportunities for the spiritual development of their employees have been shown to be more successful than the others. The quality of work life of employees is also relevant as the most valuable asset of the organisation. Consequently, the results of this study should be considered by managers of organisations to enjoy the positive outcomes of spirituality and quality of work life. Contribution: This article contributes to the relationship between spirituality and quality of work life.

The research gap in this study with previous research is in the first study of Ahmed A. Diab, Samir I. Abdelazim, Aref M. Eissa, Eid Mahmoud Abozaid, Mona Mohamed Elshaabany, where previous research only examined company size and financial performance on audit opinion in 2012-2016, while this research is on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. In addition, there have not been many previous studies similar to this research, but the research has a novelty in the form of the absence of a comprehensive study that examines the variables of Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions, PSAK Compliance, on Audit Opinion with CSRD and Financial Performance as Intervening variables. and GCG as Moderating Variable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of investment decisions, funding decisions, PSAK compliance, on audit opinions. CSRD and Financial Performance variables as Intervening variables on CSRD, Financial Performance and Audit Opinion with GCG as moderating in BUMN companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The quantitative research method is Causal Explanatory with the unit of analysis as many as 23 Non-Bank BUMN companies during the 2017 to 2019 research period so that a total of 69 samples were processed using SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that 14 hypotheses were accepted, meaning that there was a significant effect on Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions and PSAK Compliance on CSRD, Financial Performance and Audit Opinions. Meanwhile, GCG is proven to moderate the influence of Financial Performance on Audit Opinion (H13), while one hypothesis, namely H12, is rejected. This means that GCG does not moderate the influence of CSRD on Audit Opinion

Diskriminasi pendidikan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Hindia Belanda dalam bidang pendidikan mendorong lahirnya Madrasah Mambaul Ulum Surakarta tahun 1905. Selain itu, munculnya sekolah zending (Kristen) di berbagai daerah, gencarnya pendirian sekolah Cina dengan kurikulum, buku-buku teks, guru, dan budaya dari Cina serta lahirnya Ordonansi Guru yang mengharuskan setiap guru agama mendapatkan ijin Pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui model pembaharuan Madrasah Mambaul Ulum. Termasuk penelitian historis dengan pendekatan sosial melalui studi kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Madrasah Mambaul Ulum menerapkan sistem pendidikan klasikal bercorak modern. Mambaul Ulum Surakarta menjadi salah satu model madrasah yang memodernisir sistem pendidikan yang ada. Tidak menolak sistem pendidikan Belanda yang dianggap modern, tetapi juga tidak menerima total. Madrasah Mambaul Ulum memilih jalan tengah dengan memodifikasi sistem pendidikan Belanda dan sistem pendidikan tradisional. Dengan kata lain, Madrasah Mambaul Ulum adaptif terhadap perubahan dengan tidak meninggalkan ciri khas sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam

In an online learning environment, it is important to establish a suitable assessment approach that can be adapted on the fly to accommodate the varying learning paces of students. At the same time, it is essential that assessment criteria remain compliant with the expected learning outcomes of the relevant education standard which predominantly utilizes a competency-based curriculum such as in Indonesia. The aim of the research in this paper is to improve the adaptiveness of questions in the existing Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) model by taking into consideration multiple aspects of user context. We propose a context-based question selection model based on competency evaluation by merging four methods of Classical Test Theory, Rasch Model, Linear and Quadratic models, and the combination of branching and item adaptive methods to select questions of suitable difficulty for each individual student. To evaluate the proposed model, we conducted experiments based on a real dataset of 689 elementary school students in Indonesia. The experiment results prove the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy in predicting the appropriateness of the questions in relation to the students' ability. This adaptive assessment method which accurately builds upon the students' competency level will support students' success in the online learning environment.

Reog merupakan kesenian khas wilayah Ponorogo. Untuk meningkatkan usaha kerajinan batik di Kabupaten Ponorogo, Provinsi Jawa Timur maka diperlukan pengembangan desain motif batik yang mengambil unsur-unsur kesenian reog. Tujuan riset ini adalah peningkatan keragaman dan kualitas desain motif batik bercorak ikon reog Ponorogo yang mudah dikerjakan oleh pengrajin. Kegiatan riset dilakukan di usaha kerajinan batik Lesoeng Ponorogo. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut meliputi metode kaji tindak partisipatif dan pengembangan kreativitas karyawan, yaitu objek reog dikaji untuk dibuat motif dengan melibatkan pengrajin secara aktif dan mengembangkan kreativitas pengrajin. Sasaran kegiatan yaitu pengusaha batik, pendesain motif batik, pembatik, dan tukang pewarna batik. Hasil riset ini sebanyak empat desain motif batik, yaitu motif bulu merak, motif kendang-ketipung-kuda kepang, motif cemeti-kendang, dan motif reog. Keempat motif yang dikembangkan tersebut mengambil dari tujuh unsur kesenian reog, yaitu bulu merak, dadung, kendang-ketipung, kenong, cemeti, kuda kepang, dan dadap merak. Aplikasi pengembangan motif pada proses batik tulis yaitu motif dibuat di atas kertas kemudian dipindahkan di kain untuk kemudian dibatik dan diwarna. Sedangkan untuk pengembangan motif pada proses tekstil motif batik, motif dibuat di kertas kemudian dipindah di atas screen untuk kemudian dicetakkan pada kain dan diberi warna. Proses pewarnaan dilakukan dengan warna tunggal dan perpaduan beberapa warna.