46 results on '"Multi-activity"'
Search Results
2. Tendencias recientes en materia de pluriempleo y pluriactividad a la luz de la encuesta de población activa.
- Author
-
GÓMEZ RUFIÁN, LUIS
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 ,LABOR supply ,LABOR market ,WORKING hours - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
3. Graph-Enhanced Multi-Activity Knowledge Tracing
- Author
-
Zhao, Siqian, Sahebi, Shaghayegh, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, De Francisci Morales, Gianmarco, editor, Perlich, Claudia, editor, Ruchansky, Natali, editor, Kourtellis, Nicolas, editor, Baralis, Elena, editor, and Bonchi, Francesco, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Les outils de travail collaboratifs, révélateurs et amplificateurs des tensions dans le travail des cadres
- Author
-
Marie Benedetto-Meyer
- Subjects
collaboration ,management ,digital tools ,multi-activity ,remote work ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The article is based on a qualitative analysis of the professional uses of the Microsoft Teams application and questions its capacity to support so-called “collaborative work”. The analysis shows the ambivalence of the uses, and even more the ambiguity of the notion of collaboration, even though this term is often used to describe new organizational forms. Indeed, the analysis shows that collective uses, often driven by managers, do not allow for participative and deliberative dynamics. On the other hand, the article highlights other forms of appropriation: employees use the tool to better manage their multi-activity and their involvement in numerous groups. These observations show that Teams, far from contributing to the emergence of organizational and management innovations, reveals and increase the risk of dispersion at work and fragmented organizational forms.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Spinning interactional plates: Managing multicommunication behind the screen of Facebook.
- Author
-
Ditchfield, Hannah
- Abstract
Multicommunication is a form of multitasking that involves engaging in two or more interactional activities simultaneously. Technological features of mediated communication make multicommunication more practical, yet it is questioned whether the quality of our interactions is upheld when interpersonal engagement is split. This paper addresses this concern by asking whether interactional techniques are employed by multicommunicators in the context of Facebook and what this means for the quality of our online interactions. Building on previous multicommunication research, this paper examines how multicommunication is managed behind the screen: that is, how interlocutors move between overlapping conversations rather than the organisation within conversations themselves. In doing this, this paper extends the Goffmanian concept of 'participatory roles', arguing that multicommunicators adopt the role of a 'manager' to move between numerous conversation threads. Through presenting screen capture data of Facebook Messenger interactions, and drawing on micro analytic methods, it is revealed how Facebook users work to simplify their interactions when multicommunicating whilst simultaneously preserving interactional complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 'Una pata en la chacra y una en el mercado'. La reconfiguración de la economía campesina en La Paz
- Author
-
María Elena Canedo and Nico Tassi
- Subjects
markets ,peasant economy ,multi-activity ,peasant organizations ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The article broaches some of the main transformations of the peasant economies in Bolivia during the last years of the “proceso de cambio”. We argue that peasant economies have undergone a complex array of changes, such as the penetration of peasant organizations into the networks of commercial transportation and the urban markets outlining specific peasant modalities of access and control of strategic economic domains. Such transformations call into question the established narrative of a gradual erosion of the peasant surplus and go further than the state policies aimed at reshaping the countryside.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Combining different activities in family-style group care: How Professional Foster Parents show listenership towards adolescents during dinner related activities.
- Author
-
Schep, Ellen and Noordegraaf, Martine
- Subjects
- *
TEENAGERS , *SOCIAL interaction , *CONVERSATION , *SENSITIVITY analysis , *HUMAN beings - Abstract
This research focuses on dinner conversations in family-style group care. Children, who cannot live with their biological families anymore, are given shelter in these family-style group care settings. For the development of an attachment relationship between children and their Professional Foster Parents (PFPs), it is important that the children feel that they are listened to in order to get an affective and intimate relationship with the parents. In this conversation-analytic research we analysed PFPs' involvement in multiple activities simultaneously, namely listening and eating, which is referred to as 'multi-activity'. The analyses have shown systematic ways in which PFPs coordinate their involvement in the activities of 'doing' listening and eating, which are (i) when parents avert their gaze from the telling child, they break the social rule which states that hearers need to look at speakers during the telling. We found that when averting their gaze, PFPs do head nods and linguistic means or positioning their bodies in the direction of the telling child. This research contributes to knowledge about interaction between adolescents and PFPs. It further contributes to knowledge about how human beings are able to coordinate multiple activities simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A comparison on visual prediction models for MAMO (multi activity-multi object) recognition using deep learning
- Author
-
Budi Padmaja, Madhu Bala Myneni, and Epili Krishna Rao Patro
- Subjects
Multi-activity ,Human activity recognition ,Computer vision ,YOLO ,Video sequences ,Computer engineering. Computer hardware ,TK7885-7895 ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
Abstract Multi activity-multi object recognition (MAMO) is a challenging task in visual systems for monitoring, recognizing and alerting in various public places, such as universities, hospitals and airports. While both academic and commercial researchers are aiming towards automatic tracking of human activities in intelligent video surveillance using deep learning frameworks. This is required for many real time applications to detect unusual/suspicious activities like tracking of suspicious behaviour in crime events etc. The primary purpose of this paper is to render a multi class activity prediction in individuals as well as groups from video sequences by using the state-of-the-art object detector You Look only Once (YOLOv3). By optimum utilization of the geographical information of cameras and YOLO object detection framework, a Deep Landmark model recognize a simple to complex human actions on gray scale to RGB image frames of video sequences. This model is tested and compared with various benchmark datasets and found to be the most precise model for detecting human activities in video streams. Upon analysing the experimental results, it has been observed that the proposed method shows superior performance as well as high accuracy.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Labor multi-activity in agricultural production within Mexico's less urbanized contexts: 1993 and 2003.
- Author
-
Florez Vaquiro, Nelson and Pacheco Gómez, Edith
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL productivity ,AGRICULTURAL laborers ,SOCIAL reproduction ,HOUSEHOLDS ,INCOME - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Población is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Poblacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Labor multi-activity in agricultural production within Mexico’s less urbanized contexts: 1993 and 2003
- Author
-
Nelson Florez Vaquiro and Edith Pacheco Gómez
- Subjects
Multi-activity ,Work itineraries ,Rural contexts ,Agricultural ,Forms of production ,Social Sciences ,Demography. Population. Vital events ,HB848-3697 - Abstract
An aspect continuously mentioned in research on rural contexts concerns the multi-activity of agricultural workers. Several studies analyze the various work combinations that may occur in a household in order to explain the different social and family reproduction patterns; while others studies approach the debate from the perspective of the different sources of income obtained by rural households. This paper explores the issue of multi-activity by analyzing the work itineraries an individual might undertake during a six-month period, while attempting to answer the question: ¿what factors influence the type of labor trajectory of agricultural workers?
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Rural development and the expansion of non‑agricultural activities in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
-
Francisco Diétima da Silva Bezerra, Carlos Alves do Nascimento, and Alexandre Gori Maia
- Subjects
rural development ,multi-activity ,agricultural occupation ,Brazilian North Region ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Abstract This paper analyzes the employment and income dynamics of rural families in Brazil's North Region, the main representative of the Brazilian Amazon. We use information from the National Household Sample Survey between 2004 and 2015 to create a typology of families based on the members' occupation in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. We hypothesize that the recent increase in employment and income was strongly associated with non-agricultural activities, reproducing the dynamics observed in other developing countries and Brazil's more developed regions. The results highlight that, differently from the rural exodus observed in the other regions of the country, the number of rural households increased in the North Region, attracted by the expanding non-agricultural occupations. As a result, the importance of earnings from non-agricultural activities and non-labor (pensions, cash transfers, among others) to family income has increased considerably, especially among self-employed family farmers. The final discussion highlights the relevance of non-agricultural activities for public policies to increase income in less developed rural areas.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. La vente de crédits de communication au croisement du travail par défaut et de la débrouille exploitée
- Author
-
Bengie Alcimé and Wilsot Louis
- Subjects
resourcefulness ,mobile telephony ,digital capitalism ,poor workers ,unpredictable ,multi-activity ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
The expansion of mobile telephony in Haiti at the beginning of the 21st century has provided a new category of work, the sale of communication credits, realize by thousands of agents, the majority of whom come from the poorest populations. There are no employment contracts between those workers and the mobile phone companies. Income is low and the associated risks are not covered by these companies. There is a wear and tear of the body noted more particularly among the itinerant sellers. This article is an analysis of this form of work which is an appropriation of the systemic resourcefulness under which the poorest populations of the Global South are found.
- Published
- 2021
13. A comparison on visual prediction models for MAMO (multi activity-multi object) recognition using deep learning.
- Author
-
Padmaja, Budi, Myneni, Madhu Bala, and Krishna Rao Patro, Epili
- Subjects
HUMAN activity recognition ,DEEP learning ,PREDICTION models ,HUMAN behavior ,AUTOMATIC tracking ,STREAMING video & television - Abstract
Multi activity-multi object recognition (MAMO) is a challenging task in visual systems for monitoring, recognizing and alerting in various public places, such as universities, hospitals and airports. While both academic and commercial researchers are aiming towards automatic tracking of human activities in intelligent video surveillance using deep learning frameworks. This is required for many real time applications to detect unusual/suspicious activities like tracking of suspicious behaviour in crime events etc. The primary purpose of this paper is to render a multi class activity prediction in individuals as well as groups from video sequences by using the state-of-the-art object detector You Look only Once (YOLOv3). By optimum utilization of the geographical information of cameras and YOLO object detection framework, a Deep Landmark model recognize a simple to complex human actions on gray scale to RGB image frames of video sequences. This model is tested and compared with various benchmark datasets and found to be the most precise model for detecting human activities in video streams. Upon analysing the experimental results, it has been observed that the proposed method shows superior performance as well as high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Les outils de travail collaboratifs, révélateurs et amplificateurs des tensions dans le travail des cadres
- Author
-
Benedetto-Meyer, Marie
- Subjects
outils numériques ,multi-activité ,multi-activity ,remote work ,collaboration ,management ,travail à distance ,digital tools - Abstract
L’article s’appuie sur une analyse qualitative des usages professionnels de l’application Microsoft Teams et interroge sa capacité à soutenir un travail dit « collaboratif ». L’analyse montre que l’ambivalence des usages est finalement révélatrice de l’ambiguïté même de la notion de collaboration, pourtant au cœur des discours sur les nouvelles formes organisationnelles. En effet l’analyse démontre que les usages collectifs, souvent impulsés par les managers hiérarchiques ou de projets, ne favorisent pas ou peu les dynamiques participatives et délibératives. En revanche, les cadres interrogés développent d’autres forme d’appropriations individuelles, et utilisent l’outil afin de mieux gérer leur multi-activité et leur engagement dans des collectifs nombreux. Ces constats permettent de montrer que Teams, loin de participer à l’émergence d’innovations organisationnelles et de management, révèle et renforce le risque de délitement des collectifs, d’éparpillement dans l’activité et de formes organisationnelles éclatées. The article is based on a qualitative analysis of the professional uses of the Microsoft Teams application and questions its capacity to support so-called “collaborative work”. The analysis shows the ambivalence of the uses, and even more the ambiguity of the notion of collaboration, even though this term is often used to describe new organizational forms. Indeed, the analysis shows that collective uses, often driven by managers, do not allow for participative and deliberative dynamics. On the other hand, the article highlights other forms of appropriation: employees use the tool to better manage their multi-activity and their involvement in numerous groups. These observations show that Teams, far from contributing to the emergence of organizational and management innovations, reveals and increase the risk of dispersion at work and fragmented organizational forms.
- Published
- 2023
15. Crossing the street: How pedestrians interact with cars.
- Author
-
Merlino, Sara and Mondada, Lorenza
- Subjects
- *
PEDESTRIAN crosswalks , *AUTOMOBILE drivers , *VIDEO recording , *SOCIAL interaction , *WALKING - Abstract
Abstract This paper analyzes crossing the street as a form of communication between pedestrians and drivers, who are participants characterized by different types of mobility, and distinct rights and obligations. Based on video recordings of couples having a stroll in an urban environment, the analyses focus on the mundane practices and the visual resources (gaze and gestures) through which pedestrians organize the sequential and temporal trajectories of crossing, and negotiate their right to cross the street. Moreover, since some of the pedestrians studied here are affected by psychosis—a condition in which urban environments are often experienced as stressful and difficult to manage—the paper points to practices that might not only differentiate pedestrians within neuro-typical populations but also within neuro-atypical populations. Highlights • Mobility and social interactions in urban environment. • Crossing the street as a form of coordination and communication between pedestrians and drivers. • Embodied practices secure the visual accountability of pedestrians' trajectories. • Multimodality and multi-activity in talking and walking. • Ways of crossing differentiate neuro-typical and neuro-atypical populations of pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Profit Luenberger and Malmquist-Luenberger indexes for multi-activity decision-making units: The case of the star-rated hotel industry in China.
- Author
-
Walheer, Barnabé and Zhang, Linjia
- Subjects
HOTELS ,TOTAL quality management ,HOSPITALITY industry ,MULTIPLE criteria decision making ,BENCHMARKING (Management) ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Due to the vigorous economic development of the tourism industry in China, the number of star-rated hotels has rapidly increased. As a result, techniques to evaluate the performances of star-rated hotels have gained in popularity. In this paper, we develop two indexes for dynamic settings: the profit Luenberger and Malmquist-Luenberger indexes. The distinguishing features of our indexes are three-fold. One, we adopt an economic perspective by considering that hotels are profit maximizers. Two, we model hotels as multi-activity decision-making units by considering that they provide multiple services. Three, our indexes are nonparametric, and work when prices are partially observed. We apply our technique to 30 provinces during 2005–2015. We find that star-rated hotels present better performances over time, but not for every activity. Next, we highlight particular patterns for the provinces. These results are useful for managers to better target their investments, and also for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. La profesión del músico, entre la precariedad y la redefinición.
- Author
-
Machillot, Didier
- Subjects
- *
PRECARITY , *MUSICIANS , *MUSIC education , *EMPLOYMENT , *PROFESSIONAL education - Abstract
This sociological study attempts to describe and analyze professional musicians' diverse activities and how they are a response to precarious employment and constitute a redefinition of their profession itself. Interviews with musicians in Guadalajara show that this profession generally demands mastering different competencies (playing different instruments or genres, among others) and doing different music-related jobs (sound engineer, music teacher, etc.), or combining the profession with other non-musical activities. To analyze this, the author uses the concepts of "multi-skilled activity," "plural activities," and "multi-activity." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
18. High Fidelity Simulation: From Simulation to Debrief, Assessing Leadership and Followership Management.
- Author
-
TISSERAND, Lucien
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,AUTOMATION ,SIMULATED patients ,MEDICAL education ,COMMUNICATION - Abstract
This paper deals with high fidelity simulation (HFS) in health care. A computerized mannequin plays the role of a patient, and this device allows medical teams to train for different scenarios. For the trainees, the pedagogical aim is to learn "teamwork" or "communication" skills. The purpose of the article is to present this device as the unfolding of a complex practice: the scenario being played, the simulation being observed, and finally the debriefing of the session. The corpus is constructed around the task of preparing for an intubation. We will detail the sequential achievement of this task in the simulation room, more specifically the practical problem of passing an object between two participants. We will then present how, in the meantime in the control room, trainers notice an issue. We will then see how this event is referred to during the debriefing phase. This analysis across these multiple settings involved helps us understand how practitioners make use of the HFS device in order to assess their organizational practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 'Una pata en la chacra y una en el mercado'. La reconfiguración de la economía campesina en La Paz
- Author
-
Nico Tassi and María Elena Canedo
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,peasant economy ,H1-99 ,Sociology and Political Science ,multi-activity ,multiactividad ,F1201-3799 ,Urban Studies ,marchés ,multi-activités ,Social sciences (General) ,economía campesina ,économie paysanne ,organisations paysannes ,mercados ,markets ,organizaciones campesinas ,Latin America. Spanish America ,peasant organizations ,Demography - Abstract
El artículo aborda algunas de las transformaciones de las economías campesinas bolivianas durante los últimos años del “proceso de cambio”. La investigación pone de manifiesto la complejización de las modalidades de operación de dichas economías, así como la incursión de las instancias organizativas rurales en las redes de transporte y en los mercados urbanos, lo que ha ido perfilando formas campesinas de acceso y control de ámbitos económicos estratégicos. Estas dinámicas, que en algunos casos rebasan las intenciones transformativas del Estado Plurinacional en el ámbito rural, ponen en entredicho las narrativas que hacen énfasis en una paulatina erosión del excedente campesino. Cet article analyse certaines transformations des économies paysannes boliviennes au cours des dernières années du « proceso de cambio ». La recherche révèle la complexification des modes de fonctionnement de ces économies, ainsi que l’incursion des organismes ruraux dans les réseaux de transport et les marchés urbains, ce qui a façonné des formes paysannes d’accès et de contrôle des sphères économiques stratégiques. Ces dynamiques, qui vont dans certains cas au-delà des intentions transformatrices de l’État plurinational dans la sphère rurale, remettent en question les récits qui soulignent une érosion progressive du surplus paysan. The article broaches some of the main transformations of the peasant economies in Bolivia during the last years of the “proceso de cambio”. We argue that peasant economies have undergone a complex array of changes, such as the penetration of peasant organizations into the networks of commercial transportation and the urban markets outlining specific peasant modalities of access and control of strategic economic domains. Such transformations call into question the established narrative of a gradual erosion of the peasant surplus and go further than the state policies aimed at reshaping the countryside.
- Published
- 2021
20. L’organisation temporelle des engagements visuels dans des situations de multi-activité équipée en milieu urbain
- Author
-
Christian Licoppe and Julien Figeac
- Subjects
mobility ,mobile phone ,multi-activity ,camera glasses ,gaze switch ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
To understand how the temporal management of activities which characterize multi-activity situations is organized, we report on the development of a method for recording the different uses of mobile phones in situations of mobility. The method is based on the synchronization of captures of video screen activity and videos of user activity made using camera glasses. This will allow us to analyze how users appropriate their smartphones during daily commutes. These data show the temporal organization of gaze switching (towards and away from the mobile screen) and provide crucial empirical information to understand how users actually manage mobile communications and other activities in everyday multi-activity settings. To speak of multi-activity is to reflect a particular stance that actors take in respect of the potential sequential implications which emerge from the temporal intrication of events relating to the use of mobile devices and to the mobility environment; these events create occasions to visually switch from one field of activity to another. We discuss how the ‘pragmatic texture’ of interfaces should be structured to offer such sequential opportunities so as to project a temporal organization of uses which is better suited to multi-activity settings.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Aproximació a l'activitat pesquera a la regió de l'Empordà (segles XV-XVIII): adaptacions a un medi constant en transformació
- Author
-
Alegret, Joan Lluís and Garrido, Alfons
- Subjects
pesca ,tecnologia pesquera ,pluriactivitat ,ecologia ,fishing ,fishing technology ,ecology ,multi-activity - Abstract
Aquest article estudia l'evolució, les principals característiques i les transformacions produïdes a la pesca a la regió de l'Empordà. Es proposen algunes claus d'interpretació per entendre els canvis que van tenir lloc al litoral català durant l'Antic Règim i com els seus habitants s'hi adaptaren i els superaren diversificant i compaginant diferents tipus d'ocupació. La pluriactivitat fou un tret rellevant i les diferents conjontures històriques ajudaren al canvi tècnic en el sector., This paper studies the evolution, the main characteristics and the transformations produced in fishing in the region of the Empordà. Some keys are proposed of interpretation to understand the changes that they took place in the Catalan coast during the Ancient |Regime and how their inhabitants adapted themselves to it and overcame them diversifying and combining different types of occupation. The multi-activity was a relevant feature and the different historical conjontures helped in the technical change in the sector.
- Published
- 2021
22. Treball i pluriactivitat al sector surer català
- Author
-
Ros Massana, Rosa and Alvarado i Costa, Joaquim
- Subjects
suro ,work ,multi-activity ,treball ,republicanism ,pluriactivitat ,organització del treball ,republicanisme ,cork ,organization of the work - Abstract
La producció de suro fou una activitat econòmica complementària molt important a partir del segle XVIII a les zones on hi havia alzines sureres al nordest de Catalunya. El treball repassa la història del sector, l'evolució de les formes de treball, l'organització empresarial i acaba plantejant-se la relació entre economia, estructura social i política entre els individus que treballaven en el sector. El suro, fou, també en aquestes zones una activitat complementària a l'agricultura., The production of cork was a very important complementary economic activity from the 18th century in the zones where there were cork oaks in the northeast of Catalonia. The paper revises the history of the sector, the evolution in the ways of work, the company organisation and it ends up considering the relationship among economy, social and political structure among the individuals who worked in the sector. The cork, was, also in these zones a complementary activity in the agriculture.
- Published
- 2021
23. Desenvolvimento rural e a expansão das atividades não agropecuárias na Amazônia Brasileira
- Author
-
Carlos Alves do Nascimento, Francisco Diétima da Silva Bezerra, and Alexandre Gori Maia
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Cash transfers ,multi-activity ,ocupação agropecuária ,Agriculture (General) ,Região Norte ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Developing country ,Survey sampling ,02 engineering and technology ,Family income ,desenvolvimento rural ,Brazilian North Region ,S1-972 ,agricultural occupation ,0502 economics and business ,Socioeconomics ,pluriatividade ,Earnings ,business.industry ,Amazon rainforest ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Forestry ,Geography ,Agriculture ,050202 agricultural economics & policy ,Rural area ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,rural development - Abstract
This paper analyzes the employment and income dynamics of rural families in Brazil's North Region, the main representative of the Brazilian Amazon. We use information from the National Household Sample Survey between 2004 and 2015 to create a typology of families based on the members' occupation in agricultural and non-agricultural activities. We hypothesize that the recent increase in employment and income was strongly associated with non-agricultural activities, reproducing the dynamics observed in other developing countries and Brazil's more developed regions. The results highlight that, differently from the rural exodus observed in the other regions of the country, the number of rural households increased in the North Region, attracted by the expanding non-agricultural occupations. As a result, the importance of earnings from non-agricultural activities and non-labor (pensions, cash transfers, among others) to family income has increased considerably, especially among self-employed family farmers. The final discussion highlights the relevance of non-agricultural activities for public policies to increase income in less developed rural areas. Resumo O artigo analisa a dinâmica do emprego e renda das famílias rurais na Região Norte, segundo uma tipologia com base na ocupação dos membros familiares em atividades agropecuárias e não agropecuárias. As análises baseiam-se em dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) para o período de 2004 a 2015. A hipótese do trabalho é que as atividades não agropecuárias têm ganhado importância na geração de ocupação e renda para as famílias rurais, reproduzindo o comportamento observado anteriormente em outros países e também nas regiões brasileiras mais desenvolvidas. Os resultados destacam que, ao contrário do êxodo rural observado nas demais regiões do país, o número de famílias rurais cresceu na Região Norte, e esse crescimento foi sustentado pela expansão das atividades não agropecuárias. Com isso, a renda familiar passa a ser composta mais fortemente pelos rendimentos provenientes das fontes não agropecuárias, além da renda proveniente do não trabalho (aposentadorias e pensões, transferências de renda, dentre outras), sobretudo os agricultores familiares por conta própria. A discussão final destaca a importância das atividades não agropecuárias para o direcionamento de políticas públicas de aumento da renda nas áreas rurais menos desenvolvidas da região.
- Published
- 2021
24. Pluriactivitat pagesa i canvi agrari al Vallès Occidental. L’exemple de Matadepera, 1760-1900
- Author
-
Roca Fabregat, Pere
- Subjects
forns de calç ,Vallès Occidental ,pluriactivitat ,masies policulturals ,pagesos de carrer ,expansió vitícola ,viticultural expansion ,multi-activity ,polycultural farmhouses ,farmers of street ,ovens of lime - Abstract
La pluriactivitat ha estat una de les característiques fonamentals que han defi-nit la història de les economies familiars de la pagesia catalana des de molt abans del segle XIX. En aquest article estudiem els procés de transformació experimentat pel treball no agrari de la comunitat pagesa de Matadepera entre mitjan segle XVIII i finals del segle XIX. Al llarg d’aquest període l’esmentat municipi va experimentar una notable transformació en l’estructura agrària, la demografia i les formes d’assentament de la població, que passa d’estar basada en una antiga xarxa de masies policulturals a tenir per centre un nou poble de carrer. La plu-riactivitat de les masies responia a la demanda de productes i serveis imprescin-dibles per al funcionament i el manteniment de les pautes de comercialització d’aquelles complexes explotacions. La pluriactivitat dels pagesos de carrer tenia molt a veure amb els mecanismes de subsistència i reproducció de les explota-cions més pobres., The multi-activity has been one of the fundamental characteristics that have described the history of the family economies of the Catalan peasantry from a lot before the 19th century. In this article the process of transformation experienced due to the non agricultural work of the country community of Matadepera among mid 18th century and ends of the 19th century is studied. Along this period the quoted township experimented a remarkable transformation on the agricultural structure, the demography and the forms of settlement of the population, which was based on an ancient net of polycultural farmhouses and then it became a new village of street as the center. The multi-activity of the farmhouses obeyed to the demand of products and indispensable services for the functioning and the maintenance of the models of commercialization of those complex exploitations. The multi-activity of the farmers of street had a lot to do with the mechanism of subsistence and reproduction of the poorest exploitations.
- Published
- 2021
25. L'organisation temporelle des engagements visuels dans des situations de multi-activité équipée en milieu urbain.
- Author
-
Licoppe, Christian and Figeac, Julien
- Subjects
SMARTPHONES ,WOMEN automobile drivers ,DISTRACTED driving ,HUMAN multitasking ,ACTIVITY theory (Sociology) ,COMMUTERS - Abstract
The article looks at the use of smartphones while commuting to work on a daily basis. It uses the example of a woman car driver who connects to the online social network Facebook on her smartphone while driving in an urban setting. The notions of multi-tasking and the theory of activity are discussed. The authors present empirical data based on the recording of smartphone usage in a natural environment via camera glasses worn by users during their daily commute over a period of one to two weeks.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Using Video for a Sequential and Multimodal Analysis of Social Interaction: Videotaping Institutional Telephone Calls
- Author
-
Lorenza Mondada
- Subjects
conversation analysis ,video ,telephone calls ,sequentiality ,multimodality ,multi-activity ,pre-beginnings ,post-closings ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The paper aims at demonstrating some analytical potentialities of video data for the study of social interaction. It is based on video recordings of situated activities in their ordinary settings—producing "naturally occurring data" within a naturalistic perspective developed by Harvey SACKS and subsequent research within ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, interactional linguistics and workplace studies. Analysis focuses on a particular kind of video recording, produced during fieldwork in call centers: it shows the payoffs of videotaping telephone calls in professional and institutional contexts. In the previous literature, phone calls have been treated as a case in which audio recordings were adequate for the resources mutually available to the participants themselves. Video documentation of phone calls in work settings shows that they involve, on the part of professional operators, more than talk at work or than talk as work: they make it possible to observe the complex work activities running simultaneously with the call and in the service of the call, i.e. the multi-activity the call taker is engaged in. In this paper, I analyze temporal and structural features of professional multi-activity in three sequential positions: in pre-beginnings, during the call while Internet searches are initiated, and in post-closings. These positions show the finely tuned coordination between the call and the other activities of the operator, as well as the continuity between the call, subsequent calls in a series and the continuous flow of work in the call center. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803390
- Published
- 2008
27. La multi-activité et ses appuis : l’exemple de la « présence obstinée » des messages dans l’environnement de travail
- Author
-
Caroline Datchary and Christian Licoppe
- Subjects
multi-activity ,activity ,information and communication system ,email ,messaging technologies ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The evolution of work practices in flexible, market-driven organizations and ICT-rich environments has often been described as leading towards an increase in the fragmentation of activities and the number of interruption. We introduce the concept of multi-activity, to account for situations in which several courses of action are simultaneously relevant. Within a pragmatic perspective we show how the “obstinate presence” of some artefacts in the setting, that is the persistence and the salience which they acquire by design and/or use as long as they have not been treated (which characterizes for instance most messaging systems) support multi-activity. In the second part of the paper, we provide empirical evidence for multi-activity. Based on ethnography of managerial work in the R&D center of an IT company, we analyze a video sequence in which a manager finishes a task and scans her environment for relevant cues to determine what to do next. We identify some of the key resources for orienting in complex informational ecologies: the use of prefatory gestures (which act as tangibility trials) by which the subjects “animate” a given artefact so that its conventional use becomes a relevant next action; the use of body stretches and body torques to accomplish, distribute, hierarchize and cue multiple engagements. Exploring the environment in that particular case takes the form of a step by step choreography of engagements whose sequential organization co-produces and makes accountable the longing attraction that the email system exerts on the activity of the subject, and the resistance she opposes to it. Consulting the email inbox then appears as an action which is relevant and procedurally consequential within the sequence, even when the subject is apparently not engaged in it, which corresponds to our definition of multi-activity. The flexibility and reactivity constraints within organizations combine with design strategies oriented towards the availability and perceptive salience of artefacts within work environments to favour the development of multi-activity in contemporary work settings.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Measurement of technical efficiency in farrow-to-finish swine production using multi-activity network data envelopment analysis: evidence from Taiwan.
- Author
-
Chen, Po-Chi
- Subjects
SWINE ,MARKET volatility ,PRICE inflation ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,ANIMAL weaning ,PIGLETS - Abstract
This study aims to propose a dynamic multi-activity network data development analysis (DMNDEA) model to measure the technical efficiency of farrow-to-finish swine production in Taiwan. Production phases are explicitly divided into two activities; namely, the breed-to-farrow phase and the wean-to-finish phase. By using this model, the problem of shared inputs and dynamic intermediates among activities that characterize pig production are taken into account in an integrated framework, simultaneously with the consideration of non-zero slack, allowing us to examine aspects of production in a more comprehensive and factual manner. For the empirical results based on sample data from 2006 to 2007, it is shown that the overall technical inefficiencies obtained from DMNDEA are not obviously different from those obtained using a traditional one-stage model. However, the DMNDEA results explicitly show us that the sources of inefficiency for each farm are different. Furthermore, second-stage bootstrapping regression results reveal that the determinants of efficiency for each production phase are not the same, indicating the need to identify the influential factors for each production phase separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Multiactividad laboral y reproducción de las unidades domésticas en el municipio de Nealtican, estado de Puebla, México.
- Author
-
Octavio Díaz-Núñez, Fernando, Escobedo-Castillo, Juan Francisco, Méndez-Espinoza, José Arturo, Ramírez-Valverde, Benito, and Ramírez-Juárez, Javier
- Subjects
- *
HOUSEHOLD employees , *LABOR market , *SOCIAL constructionism , *SOCIAL reproduction , *RURAL development , *URBANIZATION - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to study the social construction of one of the mechanisms for the social reproduction of domestic groups, known as multi-activity work and carried out by members of rural or urban domestic units (DU). This mechanism is the result of implementing local solutions to the problem of social reproduction in domestic groups and is related to the creation or expansion of economic activities other than agriculture and the establishment of local job markets and social agreements, all of which have been taking place continuously since the seventies in the Municipality of Nealtican, in Puebla, Mexico. The results presented are attained by means of Complex Systems methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
30. Using Video for a Sequential and Multimodal Analysis of Social Interaction: Videotaping Institutional Telephone Calls.
- Author
-
Mondad, Lorenza
- Subjects
CONVERSATION analysis ,VIDEOS ,TELEPHONE calls ,SEQUENTIAL analysis ,SOCIAL interaction ,LINGUISTICS ,ETHNOMETHODOLOGY ,FIELD research ,TELEPHONE systems - Abstract
The paper aims at demonstrating some analytical potentialities of video data for the study of social interaction. It is based on video recordings of situated activities in their ordinary settings- producing "naturally occurring data" within a naturalistic perspective developed by Harvey SACKS and subsequent research within ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, interactional linguistics and workplace studies. Analysis focuses on a particular kind of video recording, produced during fieldwork in call centers: it shows the payoffs of videotaping telephone calls in professional and institutional contexts. In the previous literature, phone calls have been treated as a case in which audio recordings were adequate for the resources mutually available to the participants themselves. Video documentation of phone calls in work settings shows that they involve, on the part of professional operators, more than talk at work or than talk as work: they make it possible to observe the complex work activities running simultaneously with the call and in the service of the call, i.e. the multi-activity the call taker is engaged in. In this paper, I analyze temporal and structural features of professional multi-activity in three sequential positions: in pre-beginnings, during the call while Internet searches are initiated, and in post-closings. These positions show the finely tuned coordination between the call and the other activities of the operator, as well as the continuity between the call, subsequent calls in a series and the continuous flow of work in the call center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
31. Work-life balance and older workers: employees' perspectives on retirement transitions following redundancy.
- Author
-
Gardiner, Jean, Stuart, Mark, Forde, Chris, Greenwood, Ian, MacKenzie, Robert, and Perrett, Rob
- Subjects
QUALITY of work life ,AGEISM ,RETIREMENT ,JOB security ,DISMISSAL of employees ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The article discusses work-life balance (WLB) issues with respect to the situation where a worker ceases to have paid work owing to employment layoffs or retirement. Typically WLB studies concentrate on contexts in which paid work circumscribes other life activities, so issues surrounding the cessation of paid work, particularly among older workers, have received little studious attention. The authors also think WLB should take a longer, lifetime view of WLB as people move through phases of care-giving and parenting and labor transitions such as unemployment and retirement.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Labor multi-activity in agricultural production within Mexico’s less urbanized contexts: 1993 and 2003
- Author
-
Edith Pacheco Gómez and Nelson Florez Vaquiro
- Subjects
Agricultural ,Demography. Population. Vital events ,Multi-activity ,Forms of production ,Rural contexts ,Social Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Work itineraries ,HB848-3697 ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
An aspect continuously mentioned in research on rural contexts concerns the multi-activity of agricultural workers. Several studies analyze the various work combinations that may occur in a household in order to explain the different social and family reproduction patterns; while others studies approach the debate from the perspective of the different sources of income obtained by rural households. This paper explores the issue of multi-activity by analyzing the work itineraries an individual might undertake during a six-month period, while attempting to answer the question: ¿what factors influence the type of labor trajectory of agricultural workers?
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Histoire relationnelle du genre chez les artisan-e-s-commerçant-e-s de proximité au village (XIXe-XXe siècles)
- Author
-
Peytavin, Lucile, STAR, ABES, Laboratoire d'Études Rurales (LER), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Isara, Université de Lyon, Jean-Luc Mayaud, and Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)
- Subjects
Multi-activity ,Artisanat rural ,Transmission d’entreprise ,Rural crafts ,Sociabilité au village ,Petite entreprise familiale ,Apprentissage ,Sociability in the village ,Rural trade ,Business succession ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Patronnes ,Learning ,Commerce rural ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Small family business ,Women business owners ,Pluriactivité - Abstract
Our thesis focuses on crafts and rural trade between 1890 and 1960, a period corresponding to the peak and decline of these lines of businesses. As such, the working life of several families of small entrepreneurs has been studied: the framework of the small family business managed by a couple supported by their children, with or without an employee, allows the relational history of these workers to be made. Thus, this study reveals the decisive role of women at the head of their own activity or alongside their husbands since they reconcile the work of the workshop or boutique, the children’s education and domestic tasks, without which the family business cannot exist. By discovering the daily lives of these women, we deconstruct the image of the wife assisting her husband in his profession while underlining the very real inequalities in gender relations.A total of 8 eight companies and ten sectors of activity were studied thanks to the multi-activity of families from Drôme and Bourbonnais. The fact that they go through the same stages in their careers—learning, settling in, choosing a spouse, developing work strategies, transferring knowledge—allows for a comparison to be made. The two main companies selected are the Bardet family, respectively a restaurant/café/hotel/ball/grocery shop/ironmongery near Moulins, which operated from 1896 to 1975, an the Thivolle family, respectively a joinery/funeral director/haberdashery/millinery 30 km north of Valence, between 1900 and 1968. In addition, there are six other families of Drome artisans and merchants who offer other activities such as hairdressing, mechanics and saddlery. This corpus allows the study of the family division of tasks between spouses, children and ascendants. This thesis is part of a broad line of study concerning not only professional equality but also the challenges of local rural trade. This is an economic and social study on gender relational issues, the life of small businesses and sociability in the village, which implements many research avenues: viability of activities, demographics of the workshops or boutiques that make a living from them, associations of artisans and merchants, combination of activities, multi-activity, flexibility of small businesses, systematic male inheritance, becoming of other children, etc. In addition, the disciplines (sociology, ethnology, geography, economics, history) are intertwined to allow the study of this population by integrating it into an economic and social framework.The results produced by this work show that the first artisan merchants of the families studied disengaged themselves from a previous peasant condition. They reveal certain aspects of the sectors of activity: grocery shops, haberdashery and cafés provide information on the evolution of the consumption habits of rural people in full change through the increase in the number of sedentary sales outlets in the commune, the farmers’ departure from self-sufficiency and the diversification of industrial products offered for sale. They reveal the extreme multi-activity of these families at the beginning of the century before a growing specialization in the organization of their work. They reveal the conditioning of the lives of these workers and their children through their business: their life course being defined by the requirements of work organization, economics, transfer of knowledge, etc. in order to ensure their sustainability. They reflect the strong involvement of artisanal traders in village life, and the role played by their professional activities in building village sociability. Finally, they provide information on the precarious position of women in this sector but also on the importance of their role induced by gender and economic constraints., Notre thèse porte sur l’artisanat et le commerce rural entre 1890 à 1960, période correspondant à l’apogée et au déclin de ces secteurs d’activités. A ce titre la vie de travail de plusieurs familles de petits entrepreneurs a été étudiée : le cadre de la petite entreprise familiale gérée par un couple épaulé par ses enfants avec ou sans employé permet de faire l’histoire relationnelle de ces travailleurs. Ainsi cette étude met au jour le rôle décisif des femmes à la tête de leur propre activité ou aux côtés de leur époux puisqu’elles concilient le travail de l’atelier ou de la boutique, l’éducation des enfants et les tâches domestiques, sans quoi l’entreprise familiale ne peut exister. En découvrant le quotidien de ces femmes, on déconstruit l’image de l’épouse secondant son mari dans son métier tout en rappelant les inégalités bien réelles des relations entre les sexes.Au total 8 huit entreprises et dix secteurs d’activité ont été étudiés grâce à la pluriactivité de familles drômoises et bourbonnaises. Le fait qu’elles traversent les mêmes étapes dans leurs carrières – l’apprentissage, l’installation, le choix du conjoint, le développement de stratégies de travail, la transmission –, rend possible la comparaison entre elles. Les deux principales entreprises retenues sont celles des Bardet correspondant à un restaurant-café-hôtel-bal-épicerie-quincaillerie proche de Moulins en activité de 1896 à 1975 et celles des Thivolle correspondant à une menuiserie-pompes-funèbres-mercerie-chapellerie à 30 km au nord de Valence entre 1900 à 1968. A cela s’ajoute l’histoire de six autres familles d’artisans commerçants drômoises permettant d’aborder d’autres activités telles que la coiffure, la mécanique ou la bourrellerie.Ce corpus permet l’étude de la répartition familiale des tâches entre les époux, les enfants et les ascendants. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un courant d’étude large concernant non seulement l’égalité professionnelle mais aussi les enjeux du commerce rural de proximité. Il s’agit d’une étude économique et sociale portant sur les problématiques relationnelles de genre, la vie des petites entreprises et la sociabilité au village mettant en œuvre de nombreuses pistes de recherche : viabilité des activités, démographie des ateliers ou boutiques qui en vivent, associations d’artisans-commerçants, combinaison d’activités, pluriactivité, flexibilité de la petite entreprise, transmission héréditaire en ligne masculine, devenir des autres enfants, etc. A cela s’ajoute un croisement des disciplines (sociologie, ethnologie, géographie, économie, histoire) permettant l’étude de cette population en l’intégrant dans un panorama économique et social.Les résultats produits par ces travaux témoignent de la sortie d’une condition paysanne pour les premier artisans-commerçants des familles étudiées. Ils révèlent certains aspects des secteurs d’activité : l’épicerie, la mercerie et les cafés informent sur l’évolution des habitudes de consommation des ruraux en pleine mutation à travers l’augmentation du nombre de points de vente sédentaires dans la commune, la sortie de l’autosubsistance des paysans et la diversification des produits industriels proposés à la vente. Ils révèlent l’extrême pluriactivité de ces familles au début du siècle avant une spécialisation grandissante dans l’organisation de leur travail. Ils mettent au jour le conditionnement de la vie de ces travailleurs et de leurs enfants par leur entreprise : leur parcours de vie étant défini par les exigences d’organisation du travail, économiques, de transmission, etc. afin d’en assurer la pérennité. Ils rendent compte de la forte implication des artisans-commerçants dans la vie des villages et du rôle joué par leurs activités professionnelles dans la construction de la sociabilité villageoise. Enfin, ils informent sur la place précaire des femmes dans ce secteur mais aussi sur l’importance de leur rôle induits par les contraintes de genre et les contraintes économiques.
- Published
- 2019
34. Crossing the street: How pedestrians interact with cars
- Author
-
Sara Merlino, Lorenza Mondada, Merlino, S., and Mondada, L.
- Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics ,Linguistics and Language ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Psychosi ,Walking ,Language and Linguistics ,Crossing ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociology ,Social interactions in urban space ,media_common ,Mobile with ,Focus (computing) ,060101 anthropology ,Multi-activity ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Gaze ,Negotiation ,Urban environment ,Cognitive psychology ,Gesture - Abstract
This paper analyzes crossing the street as a form of communication between pedestrians and drivers, who are participants characterized by different types of mobility, and distinct rights and obligations. Based on video recordings of couples having a stroll in an urban environment, the analyses focus on the mundane practices and the visual resources (gaze and gestures) through which pedestrians organize the sequential and temporal trajectories of crossing, and negotiate their right to cross the street. Moreover, since some of the pedestrians studied here are affected by psychosis—a condition in which urban environments are often experienced as stressful and difficult to manage—the paper points to practices that might not only differentiate pedestrians within neuro-typical populations but also within neuro-atypical populations.
- Published
- 2019
35. Simulation haute fidélité: de la simulation au débriefing, l'évaluation de la gestion du leadership/folllowership
- Author
-
Lucien Tisserand, CLESTHIA - Langage, systèmes, discours - EA 7345 (CLESTHIA), and Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3
- Subjects
Computer science ,multi-activity ,Debriefing ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,High fidelity simulation ,Followership ,Systems engineering ,leadership and followership management ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,high fidelity simulation ,MESH: Formation par simulation haute fidélité ,multimodality ,Education - Abstract
International audience; This paper deals with high fidelity simulation (HFS) in health care. A computerized mannequin plays the role of a patient, and this device allows medical teams to train for different scenarios. For the trainees, the pedagogical aim is to learn "teamwork" or “communication” skills. The purpose of the article is to present this device as the unfolding of a complex practice: the scenario being played, the simulation being observed, and finally the debriefing of the session. The corpus is constructed around the task of preparing for an intubation. We will detail the sequential achievement of this task in the simulation room, more specifically the practical problem of passing an object between two participants. We will then present how, in the meantime in the control room, trainers notice an issue. We will then see how this event is referred to during the debriefing phase. This analysis across these multiple settings involved helps us understand how practitioners make use of the HFS device in order to assess their organizational practices.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Entre pêche, agriculture, et commerce, jouer avec la variabilité écologique et sociale: Dynamique d’un système social-écologique dans les plaines inondables du fleuve Congo
- Author
-
Comptour, Marion, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Montpellier, Doyle McKey, Sophie Caillon (co-directrice), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Montpellier, Doyle Mc Key, Sophie Caillon, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,floodplain ,ethnoécologie ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Cuvette congolaise ,multi-activity ,ethnoecology ,Agriculture ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Congolese Cuvette ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Congo basin ,bassin du Congo ,pêche ,plaine inondable ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,pluriactivité ,fishing - Abstract
Floodplains of large tropical rivers are environments characterized by periodic flooding from the river and its tributaries. Numerous studies emphasize the paradoxical aspect of these ecosystems, between ‘productive’ environments naturally fertilized by alluvial deposits, or 'constraining' and ‘risky’ environments. Livelihoods in the floodplains are varied, but in most cases people combine agricultural activities with fishing, pastoralism, hunting and the extraction of wild plant resources. Although the complementarity of production activities is recognized in most studies as an adaptation to exploit the diversity of natural resources at different stage of flooding, this multi-activity is rarely examined in detail. Adopting an interdisciplinary, systemic and diachronic approach, this thesis aims to demonstrate how multi-activity enhances the adaptation to a fluctuating environment whose dynamics can be observed at three main time scales: the seasonal scale, the historical scale and the scale of the individual's life. This work is based on ethnographic interviews, on collection of eco-hydrological data and on landscape analysis conducted during a period of eight months in the village of Mossaka in the Congolese cuvette region in the Congo basin. Firstly, we show that the spatial and temporal association of a diversity of activities allow the inhabitants of Mossaka to adapt to the seasonal variability of water level. These include a diversity of fishing techniques, several agricultural systems (raised-field agriculture and flood-recessional agriculture) in which a rich agrobiodiversity is planted, and many other activities—some depending on natural resources, others not. Secondly, by reconstructing the dynamics of the social-ecological system over time, we examine how the different activities, and their relative importance, have changed since the pre-colonial period and we identify the main drivers of change. In particular, we describe the demographic, ecological, economic and social changes that have led to the rapid adoption of flood-recessional agriculture in the last thirty years. Finally, by analyzing the life stories of several inhabitants of Mossaka, we show that the great flexibility of the multi-activity livelihood system allows people to adapt to different challenges and uncertainties—particularly social ones. This thesis contributes to the few studies that examine in an integrated manner the diversity of livelihood activities in floodplain environments, and advocates greater recognition of the importance of multi-activity livelihood systems and of social diversity. This work also contributes to a better understanding of the Congolese Cuvette region, which despite its major ecological and economic role has so far attracted little scientific interest., Les plaines inondables des grands fleuves tropicaux sont des milieux caractérisés par leurs inondations périodiques au rythme des crues et des décrues. La littérature est abondante à souligner l’aspect paradoxal de ces écosystèmes, entre milieux ‘productifs’, naturellement fertilisés par les dépôts d’alluvions, et milieux ‘contraignants’ et ‘risqués’. Les modes d’exploitation mis en place par les populations vivant dans les plaines inondables sont variés mais dans la majorité des cas, les populations combinent des activités agricoles avec des activités de pêche, de pastoralisme, de chasse, et d’extraction de produits forestiers ligneux et non ligneux. La complémentarité des activités de production est reconnue dans la plupart des études comme une adaptation permettant de valoriser la diversité des ressources naturelles aux différents stades d’inondation, mais cette pluriactivité est rarement examinée en détail. En adoptant une démarche interdisciplinaire, systémique et diachronique, ce travail de thèse vise à démontrer en quoi la pluriactivité favorise l’adaptation des populations à un environnement fluctuant dont la dynamique peut s’observer à trois échelles de temps : l’échelle saisonnière, l’échelle historique du ‘temps long’, et l’échelle de la vie de l’individu. Ce travail repose sur des entretiens ethnographiques, sur la collecte de données éco-hydrologiques, et sur des analyses du paysage réalisés pendant une période de terrain de huit mois dans le village de Mossaka dans la région de la Cuvette congolaise du bassin du Congo. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que l’association spatiale et temporelle d’une multiplicité de techniques de pêche, de plusieurs systèmes agricoles (agriculture sur champs surélevés et agriculture de décrue) dans lesquels est plantée une riche agrobiodiversité ainsi que de nombreuses autres activités dépendantes ou non des ressources naturelles, permettent aux habitants de Mossaka de s’adapter à la variabilité saisonnière du niveau d’eau. Ensuite, en reconstituant la diachronie du système social-écologique, nous regardons comment les différentes activités de subsistance et leur importance relative ont évolué depuis la période précoloniale et nous identifions les principaux leviers de changements. Nous décrivons plus particulièrement les changements démographiques, écologiques, économiques et sociaux qui ont conduit à l’adoption rapide de l’agriculture de décrue depuis une trentaine d’années. Enfin, en analysant les récits de vie de plusieurs habitants de Mossaka, nous montrons que la grande flexibilité des systèmes de subsistance pluriactifs des individus permet de répondre à différents enjeux et incertitudes notamment d’ordre social. Ce travail de thèse constitue un apport au faible nombre d’études qui regardent de manière intégrée les différentes activités composant les systèmes de subsistance en plaines inondables et se prononce en faveur d’une meilleure reconnaissance de la pluriactivité et également de la diversité sociale. Ce travail participe aussi à une meilleure compréhension de la région de la Cuvette congolaise qui, malgré son rôle écologique et économique majeur, a jusque-là peu attiré les intérêts scientifiques.
- Published
- 2017
37. Direct video observation of the uses of smartphone on the move. Reconceptualizing mobile multi-activity
- Author
-
Christian Licoppe, Julien Figeac, Télécom ParisTech, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adriana de Souza e Silva, and Mimi Sheller
- Subjects
mobile phone ,gaze switch ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Gaze pattern ,camera glasses ,multi-activity ,mobile communication ,Multiactivity ,smartphone ,car ,Mobile Communications ,Smartphones ,Author Keywords Mobility ,Mobility method - Abstract
International audience; We report on the development of a method for observing and recording the uses of mobile communications ‘on the move’, based on the combination of context-oriented recordings made with user-worn camera glasses with mobile screen capture data. We show how this allows the temporal organization of gaze switches (to and away from the mobile screen) to be observed and documented, thus providing crucial empirical information to understand how users actually manage mobile communication as well as other activities in everyday multi-activity settings. We report on the findings of an empirical study of smartphone use in transport situations. Being oriented towards multi-activity appears as a particular form of attunement to the potential sequential implicativeness of events occurring both in the navigation of mobile communication applications or the mobility environment, i.e. as possible occasions to switch the orientation of one’s gaze from one activity-relevant field of activity to another.
- Published
- 2015
38. The plough or the boat. Migration, globalization and changes in agrarian practises in the highland valley of Cañar (southern Andes of Ecuador)
- Author
-
Michel, Vaillant, Systèmes Agraires et Développement Rural - UP1102 (SADR), AgroParisTech, and Marc Dufumier
- Subjects
multi-activity ,montagne ,activity system ,mountain ,système agraire ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Andes ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,agriculture paysanne ,migration ,système d'activité ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,combination of activities ,agrarian system ,agricultural development ,développement agricole ,combinaison d'activités ,peasant farming ,mondialisation ,Ecuador ,Équateur ,pluriactivité ,globalization - Abstract
On the threshold of the 21st century, Ecuador was hit by a series of diverse events, the cumulative effects of which plunged it into the darkest economic period in the history of the republic. As a result, 300,000 Ecuadorians officially left their country between 1998 and 2000. This migratory 'earthquake' reached even the most rural areas which might have been expected to be spared. Such was the case of the remote Andean highland valley of Cañar, where the suddenness and extent of emigration seemed at the time to foreshadow a rural exodus that would leave arable land abandoned to nature. What were the socio-historical forces that lay behind such a vast wave of migration? What motivated the decision of hundreds of peasants to emigrate? And what has been the ultimate impact of these events on local agriculture, communities and the natural environment? This research paper sets out to tackle these questions using a systemic analysis approach. We argue that despite the profound changes seen over the last half-century in this mountain highland region, which is poor and predominantly agricultural, nothing has fundamentally changed in actual methods of development. This migratory 'earthquake' resulted from, and at the same time aggravated a profound crisis in peasant farming - a crisis itself rooted in social structures which were introduced in the early days of Spanish colonization. Hence, any study of this area's agrarian development and its dialectical interplay with the fact of migration, must involve consideration of its future, not just in relation to its own history, but also in relation to the history of globalization with which it is intrinsically linked.; Au seuil du XXIe siècle, l'Équateur fut frappé par une série d'évènements de diverses natures dont les effets cumulés le plongèrent dans la période économique la plus sombre de son histoire républicaine. Corollaire : entre 1998 et 2000, trois cent mille Équatoriens quittèrent officiellement le pays. Ce " séisme " migratoire concerna même des lieux dont on aurait pu penser qu'ils en seraient pourtant restés à l'écart. Tel fut le cas de la haute vallée du Cañar, marge rurale andine où l'émigration, de par sa promptitude et son ampleur, avait alors tout du signe avant-coureur de l'exode et du retour du milieu à la nature. Mais quels sont les processus socio-historiques qui ont abouti à un si vaste mouvement migratoire ? Quelles sont les raisons qui ont incité des centaines de paysans à émigrer ? Quels sont, au bout du compte, les effets d'un tel évènement sur l'agriculture, la société et le milieu ? Telles sont les questions qui sont abordées, de façon systémique, dans la présente recherche. Nous soutenons la thèse qu'en dépit des profondes transformations observées depuis un demi-siècle dans cette région de haute montagne, pauvre et à vocation éminemment agricole, rien n'a fondamentalement changé dans les modalités concrètes de développement : le " séisme " migratoire résulte de, et nourrit en même temps, une crise profonde de l'agriculture paysanne, crise qui plonge ses racines dans les structures sociales instaurées dès les premiers temps de la colonisation espagnole. Aussi, penser le développement agricole de cette région, dans sa dialectique avec le fait migratoire, implique de traiter son avenir, certes dans sa propre histoire, mais également dans celle, qui lui est intrinsèquement liée, de la mondialisation.
- Published
- 2013
39. L'araire ou la barque. Migrations, mondialisation et transformations agraires en haute vallée du Cañar (Andes australes de l'Équateur)
- Author
-
Michel, Vaillant, Systèmes Agraires et Développement Rural - UP1102 (SADR), AgroParisTech, and Marc Dufumier
- Subjects
multi-activity ,montagne ,activity system ,mountain ,système agraire ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Andes ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,agriculture paysanne ,migration ,système d'activité ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,combination of activities ,agrarian system ,agricultural development ,développement agricole ,combinaison d'activités ,peasant farming ,mondialisation ,Ecuador ,Équateur ,pluriactivité ,globalization - Abstract
On the threshold of the 21st century, Ecuador was hit by a series of diverse events, the cumulative effects of which plunged it into the darkest economic period in the history of the republic. As a result, 300,000 Ecuadorians officially left their country between 1998 and 2000. This migratory 'earthquake' reached even the most rural areas which might have been expected to be spared. Such was the case of the remote Andean highland valley of Cañar, where the suddenness and extent of emigration seemed at the time to foreshadow a rural exodus that would leave arable land abandoned to nature. What were the socio-historical forces that lay behind such a vast wave of migration? What motivated the decision of hundreds of peasants to emigrate? And what has been the ultimate impact of these events on local agriculture, communities and the natural environment? This research paper sets out to tackle these questions using a systemic analysis approach. We argue that despite the profound changes seen over the last half-century in this mountain highland region, which is poor and predominantly agricultural, nothing has fundamentally changed in actual methods of development. This migratory 'earthquake' resulted from, and at the same time aggravated a profound crisis in peasant farming - a crisis itself rooted in social structures which were introduced in the early days of Spanish colonization. Hence, any study of this area's agrarian development and its dialectical interplay with the fact of migration, must involve consideration of its future, not just in relation to its own history, but also in relation to the history of globalization with which it is intrinsically linked.; Au seuil du XXIe siècle, l'Équateur fut frappé par une série d'évènements de diverses natures dont les effets cumulés le plongèrent dans la période économique la plus sombre de son histoire républicaine. Corollaire : entre 1998 et 2000, trois cent mille Équatoriens quittèrent officiellement le pays. Ce " séisme " migratoire concerna même des lieux dont on aurait pu penser qu'ils en seraient pourtant restés à l'écart. Tel fut le cas de la haute vallée du Cañar, marge rurale andine où l'émigration, de par sa promptitude et son ampleur, avait alors tout du signe avant-coureur de l'exode et du retour du milieu à la nature. Mais quels sont les processus socio-historiques qui ont abouti à un si vaste mouvement migratoire ? Quelles sont les raisons qui ont incité des centaines de paysans à émigrer ? Quels sont, au bout du compte, les effets d'un tel évènement sur l'agriculture, la société et le milieu ? Telles sont les questions qui sont abordées, de façon systémique, dans la présente recherche. Nous soutenons la thèse qu'en dépit des profondes transformations observées depuis un demi-siècle dans cette région de haute montagne, pauvre et à vocation éminemment agricole, rien n'a fondamentalement changé dans les modalités concrètes de développement : le " séisme " migratoire résulte de, et nourrit en même temps, une crise profonde de l'agriculture paysanne, crise qui plonge ses racines dans les structures sociales instaurées dès les premiers temps de la colonisation espagnole. Aussi, penser le développement agricole de cette région, dans sa dialectique avec le fait migratoire, implique de traiter son avenir, certes dans sa propre histoire, mais également dans celle, qui lui est intrinsèquement liée, de la mondialisation.
- Published
- 2013
40. Estrategias de las familias campesinas en Pueblo Nuevo, Acambay, Estado de México
- Author
-
Magdaleno Hernández, Edgar
- Subjects
Self-supply ,Maestría ,Multiactividad ,Multi-activity ,Traditional agriculture ,Agricultura tradicional ,Autoabasto ,Desarrollo Rural - Abstract
Las familias campesinas trabajan buscando en primera instancia su autoabasto y complementan su ingreso con otras actividades. En este trabajo se analizan las estrategias; multi actividad y autoabasto a través de los resultados obtenidos mediante entrevistas y la aplicación de una encuesta a 35 jefes de familia de la comunidad de Pueblo Nuevo, ubicada en el municipio de Acambay en el estado de México. Se practica una agricultura tradicional, se fusiona el sistema de cultivo de maíz blanco (criollo) y el sistema de crianza de ganado menor (borregos, vacas, porcinos, aves). En la fertilización, predomina el uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados. También se utiliza estiércol del ganado o aves como complemento, debido a que es fuente de nutrientes y materia orgánica. Además el subproducto zacate molido, rastrojos o esquilmos tienen un valor equivalente al del grano de maíz ya que en la época de estiaje (noviembre-abril) se convierte en la única fuente de alimentación del ganado. El ingreso obtenido a través de la migración es significativo para algunas familias; aunque los salarios provenientes de los trabajos temporales dentro de la comunidad o comunidades aledañas tienen el mayor impacto compensador del ingreso agrícola. _______________ STRATEGIES OF PEASANT FAMILIES IN PUEBLO NUEVO, ACAMBAY MUNICIPALITY, MEXICO STATE. ABSTRACT: The peasant families work looking for their self-supply in the first place and complement their income with other activities. This paper analyzes the strategies: multi activity and self-supply through interviews and results of a survey (done during July 2012) to 35 heads of families in the community of Pueblo Nuevo, located in the municipality of Acambay, Mexico state. Where traditional agriculture is practiced, the system merges white maize cropping (criollo) and livestock raising (sheeps, cows, pigs, poultry). At fertilization, the use of nitrogen predominates. Although they also use livestock or poultry manure as a supplement, because it is a source of nutrients and organic matter. In addition, the by-products: grass ground and stubble have the same value to corn grain during the dry season (November to April); because it becomes the only source of food for livestock. Income earned through migration is significant for some families wages from temporarily work, local and in surrounding communities, have the greatest impact on agricultural income compensator.
- Published
- 2013
41. La multi-activité de travail et la reproduction des unités domestiques dans la municipalité de Nealtican: état de Puebla, Mexique
- Author
-
Díaz-Núñez, Fernando Octavio, Escobedo-Castillo, Juan Francisco, Méndez-Espinoza, José Arturo, Ramírez-Valverde, Benito, and Ramírez-Juárez, Javier
- Subjects
housekeeping ,mécanisme de reproduction sociale ,multi-activity ,domestic units rural and urban ,aspectos sociales ,unités domestiques rurales et urbaines ,développement urbain ,servicio doméstico ,Systèmes complexes ,social reproduction mechanisms ,mecanismo de reproducción social ,développement rural ,Puebla (Mexique) ,Social aspects ,ménage ,Complex Systems ,multiactividad ,Puebla (México) ,Sistemas complejos ,desarrollo urbano ,urban development ,desarrollo rural ,Puebla (Mexico) ,unidades domésticas rurales y urbanas ,multi-activité ,Les aspects sociaux ,rural development - Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es documentar la construcción social de uno de los mecanismos de reproducción social de los grupos domésticos que llamamos multiactividad laboral de los sujetos miembros de las unidades domésticas (UD) rurales y urbanas. Este mecanismo resulta de la implementación de soluciones locales a la problemática de la reproducción social de los grupos domésticos y está relacionado con la instalación o ampliación de las actividades económicas distintas a las agrícolas y la construcción local de mercados de trabajo y acuerdos sociales, todo lo cual ocurre de manera sostenida desde los años setenta en el municipio de Nealtican, Puebla, México. Para arribar al resultado que se expone se utiliza la metodología de los Sistemas Complejos. The objective of this paper is to study the social construction of one of the mechanisms for the social reproduction of domestic groups, known as multi-activity work and carried out by members of rural or urban domestic units (DU). This mechanism is the result of implementing local solutions to the problem of social reproduction in domestic groups and is related to the creation or expansion of economic activities other than agriculture and the establishment of local job markets and social agreements, all of which have been taking place continuously since the seventies in the Municipality of Nealtican, in Puebla, Mexico. The results presented are attained by means of Complex Systems methodology. Le but de ce travail est celui de documenter la construction sociale d'un des mécanismes de reproduction sociale des groupes domestiques qu'on appelle multi-activité de travail des sujets membres des unités domestiques (UD) rurales et urbaines. Ce mécanisme provient de l'implémentation des solutions locales à la problématique de la reproduction sociale des groupes domestiques et il est liée à l'installation ou l'ampliation des activités économiques distinctes des agricoles et à la construction locale de marchés du travail et d'accords sociaux ; tout cela se passe d'une manière régulière depuis les années soixante-dix à la municipalité de Nealtican, Puebla, Mexique. Pour arriver au résultat qui s'expose, la méthodologie des Systèmes Complexes est utilisée.
- Published
- 2012
42. Les formes de la présence
- Author
-
Christian Licoppe, Sociologie Psychologie Ergonomique (SPE), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), and Télécom ParisTech
- Subjects
multi-activity ,[SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,modernité ,050801 communication & media studies ,Development ,lcsh:Communication. Mass media ,0508 media and communications ,0502 economics and business ,vidéoconférence ,présence ,presence ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,communication ,Philosophy ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:P87-96 ,lcsh:Z ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,multi-activité ,videoconference ,technology ,modernity ,Humanities ,050203 business & management ,engagement ,technologie - Abstract
La période contemporaine est marquée par une remise en cause de l’idéal normatif de la co-présence et de l’engagement focalisé comme forme pleine de la présence et également comme fondement de l’action en commun. Cet article discute deux exemples, l’évolution des modalités de la comparution judiciaire, et les modalités de présence et de rencontres qui semblent se développer dans des environnements très connectés. Cette remise en question ne signifie pas pour autant un revirement par rapport à l’orientation normative traditionnelle, mais plutôt une mise en cause de celle-ci à partir de perspectives déontiques différentes, et peut être pas toutes compatibles avec la Modernité. La question des formes de la présence devient un enjeu du débat public dans des arènes très différentes, lors d’un débat parlementaire pour savoir si un texte de loi peut contenir l’affirmation que l’usage de la visio-conférence constitue la règle en matière de comparution judiciaire, ou lors d’une controverse dans le champ de la psychologie pour déterminer si les compétences à la multi-activité des femmes sont plus grande que celles des hommes.This communication discusses the current period as characterized by challenges with respect to the normative ideal of co-presence and focused engagement as a full form of presence and also as a basis for social action. It discusses two examples, the transformation of the way people may appear at court, and the forms of presence and encounters which seem to develop in highly connected, knowledge intensive environments. These challenges do not point to the disappearance of the traditional norms, but rather the fact they are increasingly contested from different deontic perspectives regarding presence, some of them perhaps incompatible with Modernity. The issue of the relevant forms of presence and involvement becomes a matter of public debates in very different arenas, whether a parliamentary debates to decide whether the use of video conference technologies may become the rule rather than the exception in French courts, or a controversy in the field of psychology to determine whether women’s skills with respect to multi-activity are greater than men’s.
- Published
- 2012
43. A pluriatividade como estratégia de reprodução da agricultura familiar no município de Caçapava do Sul - RS: um estudo de caso em cinco comunidades
- Author
-
Silva, Maria do Carmo da, CPF:33224153091, and Wizniewsky, José Geraldo
- Subjects
Comunidades ,Multi-activity ,Pluriatividade ,Family farm ,Case study ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA [CNPQ] ,Estudo de caso ,Community ,Agricultura familiar - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Maria_do_Carmo_da_silva.pdf: 19570988 bytes, checksum: 10f57b343ea8f9f938373d960385e082 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 This study beyond describing the strategies used in a form of production that combines family, land and labor, also searched to understand the issue of multiactivity consists in agricultural and non-agricultural activities carried out and developed by family farm and its members. The problems faced by family farmers, particularly farmers in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul concerns to income generation and new occupations once the process of low value of their products is historical. In this sense, the study proposes to understand and analyze the alternative strategies adopted by family production units that enables the creation of jobs and income for rural households, in a way to ensure their social and economic reproduction in the present situation, particularly in the borough of Caçapava do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. Also to know the diversity of approaches adopted, and verify if multi-activity is a resource for work and income generation in the production units. The field work was carried out in the years 2009 and 2010 in the following communities: Vila Progresso, Rincão de Lourdes, Rincão da Salete, Coxilha de São José and Santa Barbinha, where was applied 50 (fifty) questionnaires and done 23 (twenty-three) interviews with producers distributed among the five communities, includes the interviews with technicians, rural associations presidents from the reported communities. The most outstanding features of the research in rural communities settle down on the few human and technical resources, in the pursuit of maximizing their potential productive: land shortage, simple labor and equipment, and in the lack of any planning. Nesse estudo, além de descrevermos as estratégias acionadas por essa forma de produção que articula família, terra e trabalho, buscamos também a compreensão da questão da pluriatividade enquanto processo social decorrente das relações continuamente construídas pelos agricultores familiares. A pluriatividade consiste na realização de atividades agrícolas e não-agrícolas desenvolvidas pela família rural e seus membros. Os problemas enfrentados pelo agricultor familiar, e em particular pelos agricultores do município de Caçapava do Sul, dizem respeito à geração de renda e de novas ocupações, pois o processo de pouca valorização de seus produtos é histórico. Nesse sentido, o estudo propõe compreender e analisar e descrever as estratégias alternativas adotadas pelas unidades de produção familiar que possibilitam a geração de trabalho e de renda para as famílias rurais, de modo que possam garantir sua reprodução social e econômica na atual conjuntura, particularmente, no município de Caçapava do Sul, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Além de conhecer as diversidades de estratégias adotadas, e verificar se a pluriatividade é um recurso de geração de renda e trabalho nas unidades produtivas. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada nos anos 2009 e 2010, nas seguintes comunidades rurais: Vila Progresso, Rincão de Lourdes, Rincão da Salete, Coxilha São José e Santa Barbinha, sendo aplicados 50 questionários e realizadas 23 entrevistas com produtores distribuídas entre as cinco comunidades, incluídas as entrevistas com técnicos, presidentes de associações rurais das 8 referidas comunidades. As características mais marcantes da pesquisa nas comunidades rurais assentam-se nos poucos recursos humanos e técnicos, na busca da valorização do seu potencial produtivo: escassez de terra, trabalho e equipamentos simples, e na ausência de qualquer tipo de planejamento.
- Published
- 2010
44. Using Video for a Sequential and Multimodal Analysis of Social Interaction: Videotaping Institutional Telephone Calls
- Author
-
Mondada, Lorenza
- Subjects
análisis conversacional ,video ,llamadas telefónicas ,secuencialidad ,multi-modalidad ,multi-actividad ,pre-abertura ,post-clausuras ,Konversationsanalyse ,Video ,Telefongespräche ,Sequenzialität ,Multimodalität ,Multiaktivität ,Vor-Eröffnungssequenzen ,Nach-Schlusssequenzen ,conversation analysis ,telephone calls ,sequentiality ,multimodality ,multi-activity ,pre-beginnings ,post-closings - Abstract
Dieser Artikel zielt darauf, einige analytische Möglichkeiten von Videodaten für die Interaktionsforschung aufzuzeigen. Grundlage sind Videoaufzeichnungen natürlicher situierter Aktivitäten in ihrem alltäglichen Setting – wobei "natürliche Daten" im Sinne der naturalistischen Perspektive erzeugt werden, wie sie von Harvey SACKS und die an ihn anschließende Forschung in der Ethnomethodologie, der Konversationsanalyse, der interaktionalen Linguistik und den Workplace Studies entwickelt worden ist. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse stehen Videoaufzeichnungen, die durch Feldarbeit in Callcentern gewonnen wurden. Sie zeigen den Nutzen von Telefongesprächen, die in beruflichen und institutionellen Kontexten aufgezeichnet werden. Audioaufzeichnungen wurden in der Literatur bislang als angemessenes Verfahren für Telefongespräche angesehen, um das zu erfassen, was den Teilnehmenden wechselseitig zugänglich ist. Videoaufzeichnungen von Telefongesprächen in deren Arbeitsumfeld zeigen indes, dass diese Gespräche mehr sind als "talk at work" oder "talk as work". Videoaufzeichnungen erlauben, die komplexen Arbeitstätigkeiten zu studieren, die simultan zum Telefongespräch und der durch es vermittelten Leistung stattfinden, d.h. die Multiaktivität, in die die Sprecher/innen involviert sind. In diesem Beitrag werden die zeitlichen und strukturellen Eigenheiten professioneller Multiaktivität während drei Phasen in der Arbeitssequenz analysiert: Bei Vor-Eröffnungen (pre-beginnings), bei Internetrecherchen, die während des Telefonats initiiert werden sowie in Nach-Schlusssequenzen (post-closings). Diese Phasen zeigen sowohl die feine Abstimmung zwischen Telefonieren und anderen Aktivitäten der Telefonierenden als auch die Kontinuität über die Gespräche hinweg, die einen kontinuierlichen Arbeitsprozess im Callcenter herstellen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803390, The paper aims at demonstrating some analytical potentialities of video data for the study of social interaction. It is based on video recordings of situated activities in their ordinary settings—producing "naturally occurring data" within a naturalistic perspective developed by Harvey SACKS and subsequent research within ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, interactional linguistics and workplace studies. Analysis focuses on a particular kind of video recording, produced during fieldwork in call centers: it shows the payoffs of videotaping telephone calls in professional and institutional contexts. In the previous literature, phone calls have been treated as a case in which audio recordings were adequate for the resources mutually available to the participants themselves. Video documentation of phone calls in work settings shows that they involve, on the part of professional operators, more than talk at work or than talk as work: they make it possible to observe the complex work activities running simultaneously with the call and in the service of the call, i.e. the multi-activity the call taker is engaged in. In this paper, I analyze temporal and structural features of professional multi-activity in three sequential positions: in pre-beginnings, during the call while Internet searches are initiated, and in post-closings. These positions show the finely tuned coordination between the call and the other activities of the operator, as well as the continuity between the call, subsequent calls in a series and the continuous flow of work in the call center. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803390, El artículo procura demostrar algunas ventajas metodológicas de los video-datos para el estudio de las interacciones sociales. Se basa en grabaciones de actividades situadas en su entorno cotidiano, produciendo así "datos naturales" de acuerdo con la perspectiva desarrollada por Harvey SACKS y la investigación subsecuente realizada en el análisis conversacional, la etnometodología, la lingüística interaccional y los estudios de lugar de trabajo. El análisis enfoca una variedad particular de video-datos grabados en centros de atención telefónica. Demuestra el beneficio de grabar en video las llamadas telefónicas en contextos profesionales e institucionales. Los actuales libros de metodología proponen que en el caso de llamadas telefónicas las grabaciones en audio sean lo adecuado para fijar aquello a lo que los dos que interactúan tienen acceso mutuo. Sin embargo, las grabaciones en video revelan que las actividades desarrolladas por los operadores abarcan mucho más que "hablar en el trabajo" o "hablar como trabajo". El video permite estudiar todas aquellas complejas actividades que son realizadas simultáneamente durante la llamada y el servicio que se presta con ella. En este artículo analizamos aspectos temporales y estructurales de las multi-activadas profesionales en tres diferentes fases secuenciales: Durante las pre-aberturas (pre-beginnings), durante la llamada en curso cuando se inician búsquedas en Internet y durante las post-clausuras (post-closings). Estos momentos demuestran tanto la coordinación sutil entre atender la llamada y las otras actividades por parte del operador, como la continuidad entre una llamada y las siguientes, constituyendo así un flujo de trabajo continuo en el centro de atención telefónica. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803390
- Published
- 2008
45. La multi-activité et ses appuis: l'exemple de la 'présence obstinée' des messages dans l'environnement de travail
- Author
-
Datchary, Caroline, Licoppe, Christian, Datchary, Caroline, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
messaging technologies ,TIC ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,email ,multi-activity ,multi-activité ,[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,activity ,activité ,messagerie ,information and communication system ,technologies - Abstract
The evolution of work practices in flexible, market-driven organizations and ICT-rich environments has often been described as leading towards an increase in the fragmentation of activities and the number of interruption. We introduce the concept of multi-activity, to account for situations in which several courses of action are simultaneously relevant. Within a pragmatic perspective we show how the “obstinate presence” of some artefacts in the setting, that is the persistence and the salience which they acquire by design and/or use as long as they have not been treated (which characterizes for instance most messaging systems) support multiactivity. In the second part of the paper, we provide empirical evidence for multi-activity. Based on ethnography of managerial work in the R&D center of an IT company, we analyze a video sequence in which a manager finishes a task and scans her environment for relevant cues to determine what to do next. We identify some of the key resources for orienting in complex informational ecologies: the use of prefatory gestures (which act as tangibility trials) by which the subjects “animate” a given artefact so that its conventional use becomes a relevant next action; the use of body stretches and body torques to accomplish, distribute, hierarchize and cue multiple engagements. Exploring the environment in that particular case takes the form of a step by step choreography of engagements whose sequential organization co-produces and makes accountable the longing attraction that the email system exerts on the activity of the subject, and the resistance she opposes to it. Consulting the email inbox then appears as an action which is relevant and procedurally consequential within the sequence, even when the subject is apparently not engaged in it, which corresponds to our definition of multi-activity. The flexibility and reactivity constraints within organizations combine with design strategies oriented towards the availability and perceptive salience of artefacts within work environments to favour the development of multi-activity in contemporary work settings., La multi-activité se distingue de la simple fragmentation des activités et la multiplication des interruptions par le fait que dans une situation de multi-activité, plusieurs actions et activités sont pertinentes au même moment, même si elles paraissent absentes aux yeux d'un observateur extérieur. Dans une perspective pragmatique, nous montrons comment la « présence obstinée » de certains artefacts dans l'environnement de travail, c'est-à-dire une persistance et une saillance qui leur est conférée par design ou dans l'usage (caractéristique par exemple des dispositifs de messagerie), tant qu'ils n'ont pas été traités, constitue un point d'appui pour la multi-activité. La « redécouverte » répétée de ces artefacts au gré de l'activité est susceptible de faire sommation et d'acquérir ainsi une capacité à « préoccuper » le sujet. La seconde partie de l'article est consacrée à une analyse vidéo d'une situation de travail, celle d'un manager qui explore son environnement pour trouver quoi faire ensuite, afin de montrer comment il est possible de mettre empiriquement en évidence la multi-activité. Dans un premier temps, l'analyse permet d'identifier deux types de ressources pour s'orienter dans des écologies informationnelles complexes : le recours répété à des gestes préparatoires (assimilables à des épreuves de tangibilité) par lesquels la personne anime un artefact et rend pertinent leur usage comme action à suivre ; des étirements et des torsions, par lesquels la personne accomplit, distribue, hiérarchise et signale des engagements multiples. La séquence d'exploration de l'environnement apparaît alors comme une chorégraphie dont le déroulement séquentiel co-produit et rend visible l'attraction lancinante que l'usage de la messagerie email exerce sur l'activité du sujet, et la résistance que celui-ci y oppose. La consultation des emails émerge comme une action pertinente au long d'une séquence par conséquent marquée par la multi-activité. Les contraintes de flexibilité et de réactivité qui pèsent aujourd'hui sur le travail se conjuguent donc aujourd'hui avec les orientations d'un design centré sur l'accessibilité et la disponibilité perceptive des artefacts dans les environnements de travail pour favoriser les situations de multi-activité.
- Published
- 2007
46. Du village à la ville, de la ville à la montagne : mobilités et territorialités des paysans-porteurs du Centre-Ouest du Népal
- Author
-
Sacareau, Isabelle
- Subjects
Territoire ,Migration temporaire de travail ,Portage ,Tourisme ,Trekking ,Filière de travail ,Mercenariat ,Mobilité socio-spatiale ,Machha Khola ,Manaslu ,Népal ,Pluriactivité ,Montagne ,Gurung ,Laprak ,Territoriality ,Tourism ,Porterage ,Migration ,Multi-activity ,Nepal - Abstract
From Village to Town and from Town to Mountain : Mobility and Territoriality of Peasant-Porters in the Center-West of Nepal. The Gurung of Machha Khola, a valley located in the center-west of the Nepalese mountains, have for a long time engaged in temporary migrations for employment to compensate for the weakness of their agropastoral resources. They choose to do commercial porterage, small extra jobs, or to join the Indian army. Since the mid 1970s, employment in the trekking business has appeared with tourism. The social networks and ethnic ties in the Gurung community play a role in the expansion of new job opportunities such as trekking. Trekking helps to climb the social ladder. It can represent just another job in the context of traditional multi-activity, but it can also encourage a shift towards mono-activity. For instance, mountain guides become increasingly involved in tourism and depart with agro-pastoralism and multiple activities. Through mobility from village to city and from city to mountain areas, they experience a new territoriality. Mobility linked to trekking is part of a process of territorial reorganization at a regional scale and of redefinition of identities amongst mountaineers., La pluriactivité et les migrations temporaires de travail sont une nécessité pour de nombreuses sociétés montagnardes, à laquelle n’échappent pas les Gurung de la Machha Khola, vallée située au cœur du massif du Manaslu dans le Centre-Ouest de l'Himalaya du Népal. La précarité de leurs ressources agro-pastorales les a conduit à rechercher des activités complémentaires hors de leur village, portage commercial ou mercenariat, auxquelles s’ajoutent, depuis le milieu des années 1970, l’activité de portage pour les touristes. Les structures sociales communautaires des Gurung et les solidarités ethniques ont favorisé la constitution d’une véritable filière de travail dans le trekking qui s’est insérée dans leur pluriactivité traditionnelle. Offrant la possibilité d’une ascension sociale relative, le trekking favorise aussi une mobilité nouvelle qui s’accompagne du passage d’une pluriactivité à dominante agro-pastorale à une monoactivité dans le tourisme. En se déplaçant entre trois univers différents, le village, la ville et la montagne, le paysan-porteur qui s’élève dans la hiérarchie du trekking expérimente une nouvelle forme de territorialité, qui participe d’une recomposition des territoires à l’échelle régionale et d’une redéfinition de son identité., Sacareau Isabelle. Du village à la ville, de la ville à la montagne : mobilités et territorialités des paysans-porteurs du Centre-Ouest du Népal. In: Les montagnes tropicales : identités, mutations, développement. Table-Ronde, Bordeaux-Pessac, 27 et 28 novembre 1998. Bordeaux : Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2001. pp. 461-478. (Espaces tropicaux, 16)
- Published
- 2001
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.