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3. Comined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the lifelines cohort study

Author

Slagter, S.N., Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V., Vonk, J.M., Boezen, H.M., Dullaart, R.P.F., Muller Kobold, A.C., Feskens, E.J.M., van Beek, A.P., van der Klauw, M.M., Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R., Slagter, S.N., Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V., Vonk, J.M., Boezen, H.M., Dullaart, R.P.F., Muller Kobold, A.C., Feskens, E.J.M., van Beek, A.P., van der Klauw, M.M., and Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R.

Abstract

Introduction - The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components. Methods - 64,046 participants aged 18–80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI1 drink/day) and tobacco showed higher triglycerides levels. Up to 2 drinks/day was associated with a smaller waist circumference in overweight and obese individuals. Consumption of >2 drinks/day increased blood pressure, with the strongest associations found for heavy smokers. The overall metabolic profile of wine drinkers was better than that of non-drinkers or drinkers of beer or spirits/mixed drinks. Conclusion - Light alcohol consumption may moderate the negative associations of smoking with MetS. Our results suggest that the lifestyle advice that emphasizes smoking cessation and the restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1 drink/day, is a good approach to reduce the prevalence of MetS. Figures

Published
2014

4. Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size

Author

Slagter, S.N., Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V., Vonk, J.M., Boezen, H.M., Dullaart, R.P.F., Muller Kobold, A.C., Feskens, E.J.M., van Beek, A.P., van der Klauw, M.M., Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R., Slagter, S.N., Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V., Vonk, J.M., Boezen, H.M., Dullaart, R.P.F., Muller Kobold, A.C., Feskens, E.J.M., van Beek, A.P., van der Klauw, M.M., and Wolffenbuttel, B.H.R.

Abstract

Background: The clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). The risk of having MetS is strongly associated with increased adiposity and can be further modified by smoking behavior. Apolipoproteins (apo) associated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) may be altered in MetS. This study aimed to examine the association between smoking and the following parameters: MetS and its components, levels of apolipoproteins and estimated lipoprotein particle size, separately for men and women, and in different body mass index (BMI) classes. Methods: We included 24,389 men and 35,078 women aged between 18 and 80 years who participated in the LifeLines Cohort Study between December 2006 and January 2012; 5,685 men and 6,989 women were current smokers. Participants were categorized into three different body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI = 30 kg/m(2)). MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP:ATPIII) criteria. Blood pressure, anthropometric and lipid measurements were rigorously standardized, and the large sample size enabled a powerful estimate of quantitative changes. The association between smoking and the individual MetS components, and apoA1 and apoB, was tested with linear regression. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of smoking and daily tobacco smoked on risk of having MetS. All models were age adjusted and stratified by sex and BMI class. Results: Prevalence of MetS increased with higher BMI levels. A total of 64% of obese men and 42% of obese women had MetS. Current smoking was associated with a higher risk of MetS in both sexes and all BMI classes (odds ratio 1.7 to 2.4 for men, 1.8 to 2.3 for women, all P values

Published
2013

5. Clinical relevance of18F-FDG PET and18F-DOPA PET in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma

Author

Verbeek, H.H.G. (Hans H.), Plukker, J.T. (John), Koopmans, K.P. (Klaas Pieter), Groot, J. (Jan) de, Hofstra, R.M.W. (Robert), Muller Kobold, A.C. (Anneke), Horst-Schrivers, A.N.A. (Anouk) van der, Brouwers, A.H. (A.), Links, T.P. (Thera), Verbeek, H.H.G. (Hans H.), Plukker, J.T. (John), Koopmans, K.P. (Klaas Pieter), Groot, J. (Jan) de, Hofstra, R.M.W. (Robert), Muller Kobold, A.C. (Anneke), Horst-Schrivers, A.N.A. (Anouk) van der, Brouwers, A.H. (A.), and Links, T.P. (Thera)

Abstract

The transition from stable to progressive disease is unpredictable in patients with biochemical evidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) doubling times are currently the most reliable markers for progression, but for accurate determination, serial measurements, which need time, are required. We compared 18F-FDG PET and 18F-dihydroxyphenylanaline (18F-DOPA) PET with biochemical parameters and survival to assess whether these imaging modalities could be of value in detecting progressive disease. Methods: We evaluated the outcome of 18F-FDG PET or 18F-DOPA PET with calcitonin and CEA doubling times in 47 MTC patients. A subgroup of patients was included in the whole metabolic burden (WBMTB) analysis, with determination of standardized uptake values and number of lesions. WBMTB of 18F-DOPA PET and 18F-FDG PET was compared with biochemical parameters. Furthermore, survival was compared with 18F-DOPA PET or 18F-FDG PET positivity. Results: Doubling times were available for 38 of 40 patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET. There was a significant correlation with 18F-FDG PET positivity. Doubling times were less than 24 mo in 77% (n = 10/13) of 18F-FDG PET-positive patients, whereas 88% (n = 22/25) of 18F-FDG PET-negative patients had doubling times greater than 24 mo (P < 0.001). Between doubling times and 18F-DOPA PET positivity, no significant correlation existed. 18F-DOPA PET detected significantly more lesions (75%, 56/75) than did 18F-FDG PET (47%, 35/75) in the 21 patients included in WBMTB analysis (P = 0.009). Calcitonin and CEA levels correlated significantly with WBMTB on 18F-DOPA PET, but doubling times did not. 18F-FDG PET positivity was a more important indicator for poor survival in patients for whom both scans were obtained. Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET is superior in detecting patients with biochemical progressive disease and identifying patients with poor survival. Although 18F-DOPA PET has less prognostic value, it c

Published
2012
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6. In vitro up-regulation of E-selectin and induction of interleukin-6 in endothelial cells by autoantibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis

Author

Muller Kobold, A.C, van Wijk, R.T, Franssen, C.F M, Molema, Ingrid, Kallenberg, Cees, Cohen Tervaert, J.W, Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Nanotechnology and Biophysics in Medicine (NANOBIOMED), Vascular Ageing Programme (VAP), Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Critical care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency medicine (CAPE), and Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS)

Subjects
endothelium, ANCA, IgG, AUTOIMMUNE VASCULITIS, ICAM-1, interleukin-6, E-selectin, ADHESION, ACTIVATION, TISSUE FACTOR, cell-activation, PROTEINASE-3 MEDIATE EXPRESSION, AECA, ANTIPROTEINASE-3 ANTIBODIES, ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC AUTOANTIBODIES, NEUTROPHILS
Abstract

Objective In patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) autoantibodies to myeloid granule proteins (ANCA), particularly proteinase 3 (Pr3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and to endothelial cells (AECA) are frequently detected. The role of these autoantibodies in the development of vascular injury is incompletely understood. Since the expression of E-selectin and the production of interleukin 6 by endothelial cells is an early step in the sequence of events leading to vascular injury, we examined the capacity of IgG fractions from patients with WG and/or MPA to activate endothelial cells to the expression of E-selectin and the production of IL-6. we related those findings to the presence of ANCA and AECA in the IgG preparations. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations from 28 patients (17 positive for anti-Pr3, 10 for anti-MPO, and one for anti-Pr3/MPO) with active vasculitis andfrom 10 healthy volunteers. The final IgG concentration in the activation assay was 2 mg/ml TNF alpha (10 ng/ml) and LPS (10 ng/ml) were used as positive controls for HUVEC activation. The extent of HUVEC activation was assessed by the measurement of E-selectin expression by flow cytometry (after 4 hours of incubation) and the production of interleukin 6 by ELISA (after 24 hours). Results We found that II of the 28 ANCA positive IgG samples were capable of activating endothelial cells: six samples induced IL-6 production alone, one sample upregulated E-selectin expression alone, and four samples induced both IL-6 production and E-selectin upregulation. Five of 17 anti-Pr3 positive samples (one of which was also positive for AECA) and 6 of 10 anti-MPO positive samples (all simultaneously positive for AECA) induced endothelial cell activation. AECA positive samples that induced endothelial cell activation (n = 7) had higher AECA titres than samples that did not induce endothelial cell activation (n = 6) Conclusion Our data suggest that the activation of endothelial cells in patients with WG and MPA can be induced by circulating autoantibodies. Both ANCA and AECA can be responsible for this effect.

Published
1999

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