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Being part of cultural forms, the architecture of sacred buildings is inextricably linked to principles contained in manuscripts and philosophical norms passed through generations. As places for worship, sacred buildings have socio-cultural importance. Bayung Gede settlement is one of Bali Aga villages that has distinctive cultural and architectural features. The architecture of its sacred buildings is founded by a belief system dominated by inherited ancestral values and norms. This article reveals figures, forms, and philosophical concepts of sacred buildings of the Bayung Gede Village. Discussions within reflect a study of a qualitative approach using descriptive data analysis supported by relevant drawings and images. Research findings indicate that sacred buildings in Bayung Gede village are classified into four types: those that come with tetambakan, without tetambakan, in the shape of altars, and sacred buildings in residential areas. Keywords: architecture; sacred buildings; forms; philosophical concepts Abstrak Sebagai bagian wujud budaya, arsitektur dari bangunan suci tidak terlepas dari aturan yang termuat dalam pustaka dan norma filosofis yang diturunkan antar generasi. Selain sebagai tempat pemujaan kepada Tuhan, keberadaan bangunan suci memiliki makna sosial budaya. Permukiman Bayung Gede merupakan salah satu Desa Bali Aga yang memiliki ciri khusus dalam budaya dan arsitekturnya. Arsitektur bangunan-bangunan sucinya didasari oleh sistem kepercayaan yang didominasi oleh tata nilai dan norma yang diwarisi oleh para leluhurnya. Artikel ini akan mengungkap sosok, bentuk, serta konsep filosofis dari arsitektur bangunan suci dari Desa Bayung Gede. Diskusi yang ada di dalamnya mencerminkan sebuah studi yang memiliki pendekatan kualitatif yang mempergunakan analisa deskriptif, didukung oleh beragam gambar dan foto arsitektural yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bangunan suci di Desa Bayung Gede terbagi menjadi empat macam yakni bangunan suci yang dilengkapi dengan tetambakan, tanpa tetambakan, berupa tahta batu/altar, dan bangunan suci yang ada di pekarangan rumah. Kata kunci: arsitektur; bangunan suci; bentuk; konsep filosofis

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate bioanalytical method for quantifying warfarin in VAMS samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), directly implementing the method to patients receiving warfarin therapy. Methods: The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and optimized, with quercetin as the internal standard. Sample preparation was carried out using protein precipitation with methanol-acetonitrile (1:3 v/v). Results: Chromatographic separation was achieved using Acquity® UPLC BEH C18 column with 0.1 % formic acid-acetonitrile-methanol (30:69:1 v/v) as mobile phase, in isocratic elution. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) detection was done using m/z values of 307.10 → 161.06 for warfarin and 301.03 → 150.98 for quercetin as internal standard, using Electrospray Ionization (ESI) negative ion source. The clinical application of the bioanalytical method was carried out on 25 patients receiving warfarin therapy at Universitas Indonesia Hospital and warfarin levels were well within the calibration range from 6.05 to 431.39 ng/mL. Conclusion: A novel method has been developed to analyze warfarin in VAMS samples. This method has been fully validated according to guideline from FDA 2022 and is linear in the range of 5–500 ng/mL and the value of r ≥ 0.9977, and successfully applied for the analysis of warfarin in VAMS samples of clinical patients.

Pengawetan makanan dan minuman pada masa sekarang ini menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam menjaga mutu pangan. Metode pengawetan salah satunya adalah dengan proses pendinginan menggunakan sistem refrigerasi. Kinerja Sistem Refrigerasi pada trainer unit yang dibandingkan adalah Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) dan Pipa Kapiler dengan produk mentimun seberat 2 kg. Refrigeran yang dipakai adalah R-134a dan 2 jenis expansi yang berbeda yaitu pipa kapiler dan TXV. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja trainer unit sistem refrigerasi dari kedua jenis ekspansi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan membuat eksperimen (R&D). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem menggunakan tipe TXV memiliki nilai COP aktual 3,65 dan COP Carnot 7,14 untuk efisiensi sistem 51,1%. Berbeda dengan ekspansi tipe Pipa kapiler memiliki nilai 4,1 untuk COPactual dan COPcarnot 7,2 serta 56,9% untuk efisiensi sistemnya. Perbandingan energi listrik antara menggunakan TXV dan Kapiler adalah 0,0950 kWh berbanding 0,082 kWh. Dari hasil perbandingan tadi menunjukan bahwa sistem yang menggunakan pipa kapiler lebih baik dengan hemat 5,8% terhadap sistem menggunakan ekspansi jenis TXV.

Introduction: Serological testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for detecting antibodies generated in response to infection. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S-RBD) and can exist in the forms of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA. This study aimed to assess specific antibody responses to the nucleocapsid protein (N), S-RBD, and NAbs and correlate them with the clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted at the Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia. We examined 48 patients with confirmed COVID-19 of varying severity (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) on treatment days 0, 3, and 6. We measured nucleocapsid antibodies, S-RBD, and neutralization using the chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The comparative analysis of IgM, IgG, NAB, and S-RBD levels is adjudicated using the independent t-test. Results: Specific antibody levels on treatment days 0, 3, and 6 showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Notably, significant differences were observed in comparisons such as severe recovery versus severe death groups on day 0 in IgG, mild versus severe recovery on day 3 in IgM, moderate versus severe recovery, severe recovery versus severe death, and mild versus severe recovery on day 3, as well as on day 6 in anti-S-RBD, and mild versus severe recovery on day 3 and day 6 in neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings highlight the dynamic antibody responses during COVID-19 treatment and their relevance for clinical outcomes.

Background: Fournier's Gangrene Scoring Index (FGSI), Simplified FGSI (SFGSI), Uludag FGSI (UFGSI), Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing (LRINEC), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been devised to assess the risk of mortality in Fournier's Gangrene (FG) patients. However, the effectiveness of these indicators in predicting mortality at the time of admission remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic efficacy of FG’s various indicators on in-hospital mortality. Methods: This study analyzed 123 patients from Dr. Soetomo General Hospital’s emergency department in Indonesia from 2014 to 2020. Data included demographics, wound cultures, and parameters like FGSI, UFGSI, SFGSI, NLR, PLR, and LRINEC. In-hospital mortality status was also recorded. The data was subjected to comparative, sensitivity, specificity and regression analyses. Results: In our study of 123 patients, the median age was 52, with a mortality rate of 17.9%. The majority of patients were male (91.1%) and the most common location was scrotal (54.5%). Non-survivors had a shorter median stay (6.5 days) compared to survivors (14 days). Diabetes was the most prevalent comorbidity (61.8%). The highest sensitivity and specificity were found in FGSI and UFGSI indicators. Multivariate logistic regression identified LoS and FGSI as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: FGSI and UFGSI, upon admission, demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity, with hospital stay duration and FGSI as key mortality determinants.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have entered a new era of HCC treatment, their response rates are modest, which can be attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment within HCC tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown that tumor growth is fueled by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to therapeutic resistance to the above treatments. Given that CSCs can regulate cellular and physical factors within the tumor niche by secreting various soluble factors in a paracrine manner, there have been increasing efforts toward understanding the roles of CSC-derived secretory factors in creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide an update on how these secretory factors, including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, contribute to the immunosuppressive TME, which leads to immune resistance. In addition, we present current therapeutic strategies targeting CSC-derived secretory factors and describe future perspectives. In summary, a better understanding of CSC biology in the TME provides a rational therapeutic basis for combination therapy with ICIs for effective HCC treatment.

Introduction: Due to the high mortality and morbidity, kidney trauma ranks third among causes of abdominal solid organ injury, accounting for 24% of cases. In terms of trauma patient profiles, including trauma kinds, diagnoses, and management techniques, middle-income nations like Indonesia have distinctive characteristics. In order to improve the kidney trauma database in Indonesia, particularly in Surabaya, this study examines the 7-year treatment results for renal trauma at a tertiary referral hospital. Methods: The Department of Urology at Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital handled 116 renal trauma patients over the course of 7 years (2013–2020), and secondary data from these cases were analyzed in this retrospective single-institution analysis. Age, gender, hemodynamic status, injury site, kidney damage score from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), related organ injury, treatment, and treatment outcomes are among the variables. Results: Total 116 patients with kidney trauma recorded. 89% of patients in hospitals are male, with male adolescents 20 years of age or under making up about 42% of this group. The majority of cases (94.8%) were caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Grade I trauma was encountered by nearly half of all patients (43.1%). Abdominal injuries made up the majority of cases (47.9%). Both low- and high-grade AAST injury groups showed stable hemodynamic status (71.3%, P = 0.36), low mortality (71.4%, P = 1.00), and conservative therapy (74.2%, P = 0.40). Conclusion: The majority of kidney trauma cases were discovered in men, were MVA-related, and involved severe damage in addition to preexisting injuries. Adult trauma centers should employ nonoperative treatment for low-grade and high-grade renal trauma.

Introduction: Traumatic bladder injury accounts for a third of all urological traumas. Numerous sociodemographic and geographic aspects affect the features of trauma, which are key stages in producing unique techniques or concepts that may be adapted to a range of countries and circumstances. This study aimed to characterize the bladder trauma patients admitted to Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital during a 7-year period. Methods: This descriptive study utilized retrospective analysis at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia. ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients with bladder trauma in Surabaya, Indonesia, from August 2013 to December 2020. Medical records were checked for data collection. Age, gender, hemodynamic status, etiology, classification, concurrent organ injury, treatment, and outcome were all noted. Results: A total of 58 bladder trauma instances were detected utilizing medical record data. Males formed the majority of hospitalized patients (74.9%), with a mean age of 35.16 ± 12.08 years, and the majority of bladder trauma cases were caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) (94.8%). Grade III trauma (46.6%) predominated, as did careful treatment (60.3%). Pelvic trauma was the most typically occurring bladder trauma-related injury (72.4%). The survival rate was high (86.2%), and the hemodynamic status was stable (79.3%). Conclusions: In our study, a majority of the participants were male, grade III, stable, and had a decent survival rate. In addition, the most prevalent cause was MVA, with pelvic trauma being the most common concomitant injury. Additional investigation, including numerous sites and a bigger sample size, is necessary.

Kintamani has several Bali Aga villages. Bayung Gede is one of them, which is an old settlement that has distinct cultural and architectural features. It is geographically positioned on a mountainous terrain of 800-900 metres above sea level. Its chilling climate condition impacts the spatial formation of its traditional homes, including layout patterns, building functions, opening patterns, and building forms. A combination of all of these attributes creates Bayung Gede as a settlement with a unique physical formation. Space within a house compound directly adjacent to the rurung (community road) is categorised as a sacred zone. This article aims to identify the philosophical elements of settlement and homes of the Bayung Gede community. It describes building forms, spatial patterns, and various uniqueness of Bayung Gede’s traditional houses. Furthermore, it breaks down design elements, which include home patterns, orientation, zoning, circulation and building layouts that are restricted to those meant for living only. Within, it addresses the study of form, scale, and proportion. Data is gathered through observations, architectural documentation, and interviews. For the aforementioned study, a descriptive-naturalistic research approach is used. It is concluded that the design of traditional homes in Bayung Gede Village is well-founded by a particular philosophy that makes this settlement unique compared to other Bali mountainous villages in Bali. Keywords: philosophy; housing compound; house layout; building form Abstrak Kitamani memiliki beberapa desa Bali Aga. Bayung Gede adalah salah satunya yang merupakan desa kuno dengan ciri khas dalam budaya dan arsitekturnya. Topografi daerah pegunungan (800-900 M, dpl) berhawa sejuk berpengaruh terhadap pola penempatan, fungsi ruang, pola bukaan ruang, serta bentuk bangunan. Keunikan pada penataan bangunan rumah yakni hierarki nilai yang berlawanan di kanan dan kiri jalan lingkungan. Pada setiap rumah, zona yang paling dekat dengan sumbu jalan (rurung), merupakan zona sakral. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menemukenali filosofi yang terkandung pada rumah tradisional dengan mendeskripsikan bentuk bangunan, pola, serta keunikan-keunikan rumah tradisionalnya. Selanjutnya mengurai unsur-unsur perancangan yakni: pola rumah, orientasi, zoning, dan sirkulasi; dan tata bangunan yang dibatasi hanya pada fungsi hunian. Kemudian kajian bentuk, skala, dan proporsi juga ditujukan di dalamnya. Pendataan dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Metode penelitian dengan karakteristik seperti ini, mempergunakan deskriptif-naturalistik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat filosofi yang melatarbelakangi pola pekarangan dan rumah tradisional di Desa Bayung Gede yang membuat permukiman ini unik jika dibandingkan dengan desa-desa pegunungan lainnya yang ada di Bali. Kata kunci: filosofi; pekarangan rumah; layout rumah; tata bangunan

Abstract Increasing evidence has demonstrated that drug resistance can be acquired in cancer cells by kinase rewiring, which is an obstacle for efficient cancer therapy. However, it is technically challenging to measure the expression of protein kinases on large scale due to their dynamic range in human proteome. We employ a lysine-targeted sulfonyl fluoride probe, named XO44, which binds to 133 endogenous kinases in intact lenvatinib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This analysis reveals cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) upregulation, which is mediated by ERK/YAP1 signaling cascade. Functional analyses show that CDK6 is crucial in regulation of acquired lenvatinib resistance in HCC via augmentation of liver cancer stem cells with clinical significance. We identify a noncanonical pathway of CDK6 in which it binds and regulates the activity of GSK3β, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Consistently, CDK6 inhibition by palbociclib or degradation by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is highly synergistic with lenvatinib in vitro. Interestingly, palbociclib not only exerts maximal growth suppressive effect with lenvatinib in lenvatinib-resistant HCC models but also reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. Together, we unveil CDK6 as a druggable target in lenvatinib-resistant HCC and highlight the use of a chemical biology approach to understand nongenetic resistance mechanisms in cancer.

Limbah pada dasarnya adalah suatu bahan yang terbuang atau dibuang dari suatu sumber hasil aktivitas manusia, (domestik) dalam melaksanakan suatu proses produksi biaanya menghasilkan zat buangan yang sering disebut sebagai limbah. Seng (Zn) merupakan logam esensial yang keberadaannya dalam jumlah tertentu dibutuhkan oleh organisme hidup, namun dalam jumlah yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan efek toksik. Kadar logam Zn yang tinggi akan mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia antara lain keracunan (muntah), kerusakan usus, penuaan dini hingga kematian mendadak, radang sendi, cacat lahir, gusi berdarah, kanker, kanker, sirosis, sembelit, diabetes, diare, pusing, kelelahan., hepatitis dan insomnia (Ribka, Junita Sembiring, 2021). Timbal atau logam berat di lingkungan laut dapat di kategorikan sebagai logam berat esensial dan non esensial. Salah satu logam berat yang mempunyai sifat non esensial adalah timbal (Pb). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai kandungan logam Pb dan Zn pada bendungan lekopancing kabupaten maros, serta mengetahui tingkat pencemaran logam tersebut di Perairan bendungan lekopancing, metode yang digunakan dengan penentuan kadar Zn dan Pb dengan menuangkan sekitar 75 ml sampel air bendungan kedalam Erlenmeyer yang sebelumnya disaring, kemudian penentuan cara kerja alat instrument metode flame, Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar logam Zn dan Pb pada bendungan lekopancing dengan menggunakan metode SSA (spektrofotometer serapan atom) baik sampel input dan output adalah 0% atau tidak terdeteksi dan dapat juga disimpulkan bahwa Air Bendungan Lekopancing Aman digunakan ataupun dikomsumsi oleh masyarakat sekitar.

This study describes the prediction of heart disease using ensemble classifiers with parameter optimization. As input, a public dataset was taken from UCI machine learning repository, which refers to the dataset at UCI Machine learning. The dataset consists of 13 variables that are considered to influence heart disease. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used for feature selection and principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction to reduce the features' dimensions. The application of parameter optimization on several machine learning methods such as SVM (Radial Basis Function), Deep learning, and Ensemble Classifier (bagging and boosting) to get the highest accuracy comparison. The results of this study using PSO dimensionality reduction in the public dataset of heart disease resulted in the slightest accuracy compared to PCA. In contrast, the highest accuracy was obtained from optimizing Deep Learning parameters with an accuracy of 84.47% and optimization of SVM RBF parameters with an accuracy of 83.56%. The highest accuracy in the ensemble classifier using bagging on SVM of 83.51%, with a difference of 0.5% from SVM without using bagging.

Background: Hyperkalemia often results in cardiac emergency associated with fatal cardiac arrhythmias. However, the presence of ST segment elevation in hyperkalemia is rare and could potentially subject the patients to unnecessary risk of intervention. Most commonly, ST elevation in hyperkalemia presents in a down-sloping fashion compared to the typical convex or upsloping pattern in myocardial infarction. However, in some cases, the ST elevation morphology can be very identical and difficult to distinguish. Herein, we describe a hyperkalemic patient presenting with non-ischemic ST segment elevation that resolved spontaneously following therapy. Case illustration: A 77-year-old, bed-ridden, inarticulate woman was admitted to emergency department with acute dyspnea perceived for 1.5 hours. The patient’s past clinical history included craniotomy for subdural hematoma, poorly controlled hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and dementia and was under candesartan, amlodipine, nebivolol, spironolactone, and atorvastatin treatment. The 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) recording showed wide QRS complex with left bundle branch block pattern, slow atrial fibrillation with total atrioventricular block, ST segment elevation and Q wave in anteroseptal leads, and peaked T wave (Figure 1A). The pattern of ST elevation was indistinguishable from that of myocardial infarction which necessitated further laboratory confirmation. Laboratory results showed severe hyperkalemia (K+ 7.93 mmol/L) and normal troponin level (45.0 ng/L). The patient was given serial insulin-based therapy and calcium gluconate immediately. The follow-up ECG pictured normal sinus rhythm with no sign of bundle branch block, resolution of ST segment elevation, and reduction in T wave amplitude (Figure 1B). However, the reduction in potassium level was not significant and the patient also experienced an acute kidney injury. The patient was transferred to intensive care unit and was prepared for hemodialysis. Conclusion: ST segment elevation is a rare feature of hyperkalemia that could mislead the patient’s treatment. Thorough ECG evaluation is the key to narrow down the differential diagnosis. Every deviant feature should not be interpreted separately. Laboratory tests could help confirm the diagnosis, particularly in patients with atypical presentation and could help avoid unnecessary risk of intervention.

Low-temperature latent heat storage (LHS) systems are suitable for incorporating paraffin as the storage material. However, they face difficulty in actual implementation due to low thermal conductivity (TC). The present study used volcanic ash as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective material to increase the TC of paraffin. Three composites of paraffin/ash were prepared with ash proportions of 10 wt%, 30 wt% and 50 wt%. Characterizations were done to evaluate the average TC and properties. Thermal performance evaluation was conducted by analyzing the static charge/discharge cycle. The average TC for paraffin was 0.214 W/m·K. Adding volcanic ash improved the TC to 19.598 W/m·K. It made the charge/discharge performance of the composite better than that of pure paraffin. The charge rate for the composite ranged from 3.83 ℃/min to 5.12 ℃/min. The highest discharge rate was obtained at 4.21 ℃/min for the composite paraffin50/ash50. The freezing temperature for the composite is influenced by the ash proportion, which can be taken as a suitable approach to adjust the freezing point of paraffin-based thermal energy storage (TES). The detailed results for the characterization and thermal performance evaluation are described thoroughly within the article. The overall result indicates that volcanic ash is applicable for improving the TC and charge/discharge rate of paraffin-based TES.

Bandung nuclear area is an area which is nuclear reactor named TRIGA 2000 and research laboratory located. The reactor and research laboratory are utilized for training, researching and radioisotopes production that has potential to contaminate the environment. Environmental radioactivity monitoring is done periodically to find out potential radioactive release from activities inside Bandung nuclear area to surroundings. However, the assessment of radiological hazards to determine the potential radiological dangers to humans and environment around Bandung nuclear area is not done yet. The objective of this study is assessing the radiological hazards in Bandung nuclear area by comparing the data from soil samples taken in environment radiological monitoring activity with the recommendation data based on UNSCEAR and other references to find out the radiological hazards that potentially affect to humans, where this assessment has never been carried out in this area. The assessment of radiological hazards in this study is limited to Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 nuclides because contributing to radiation dose received by human. The study was conducted by collecting soil samples from several sampling points inside and outside Bandung nuclear area. Then, the nuclides of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 contained in soil samples are measured by using the gamma-ray spectrometry method with high resolution detector that is HPGe (High Purity Germanium) and a computer-based Multichannel Analyzer (MCA). The results indicated that the concentration of environmental radioactivity ranged between 11.02 to 32.66 Bq/kg for Ra-226; 19.44 to 43.83 Bq/kg for Th-232 and 56.00 to 183.39 Bq/kg for K-40. This study also obtained results that the radiological hazard of the gamma dose rate ranged from 23.54 to 40.23 nGy/h, the radium equivalent was 51.77 to 89.78 Bq/kg; the external hazard index was 0.14 to 0.24 and the internal from 0.18 to 0.33; the index of radioactivity level was 0.37 to 0.63. The annual effective dose equivalent for outdoor ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 mSv/y and indoor was 0.12 to 0.20 mSv/y. The lifetime cancer risk for outdoors ranged from 0.10x10–3 to 0.17x10–3 and indoor was 0.4x10–3 to 0.69x10–3. The values of radiological hazard were below the international requirements. There is no potential risk of natural radiation of gamma ionizing radiation exposure in soil samples around the Bandung nuclear area for workers, the public, and the environment. Keywords: Environment, Radiological, Hazard, Gamma, Spectrometry.

The present work assesses the direct contact cascaded immiscible phase change material (PCM) for solar heat storage systems (SHSS) in water heating applications. The direct contact cascaded immiscible PCM uses ternary salt mixture (TSM) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Improvement on phase behavior and thermal properties are obtained for the direct contact cascaded immiscible TSM/HDPE. The plasticity effect of HDPE leads to a stable phase transition of the mixture with the lowest supercooling degree by 0.9 °C. The initial thermal decomposition temperature for TSM and HDPE is above 400 °C, which is suitable for moderate temperature operation of SHSS. The immiscibility between TSM and HDPE leads to a multistep phase transition between 110.2 and 139.6 °C. The phase behavior during the liquid-solid transition demonstrates the lowest temperature gradient of 13.9 °C, implying a steady phase transition. It allows the stored heat can be released effectively without causing significant volume expansion of the TSM. Moreover, the enthalpy of fusion for TSM/HDPE is increased, making it favorable as solar thermal energy for water heating applications in SHSS.

This study examines the application of the concept developed in the last decade, namely the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA). This approach balances social goals with human state and their interactions with ecosystem. The EAA is a strategy for integrating activities within the wider ecosystem in such a way that it promotes sustainable development, equity, and resilience of interlinked social and ecological systems. Case studies in three locations, namely Pinrang, Aceh Besar and South Lampung, were conducted to draw lessons in order to formulate a general framework for wider application in this country. The potential application of the concept was examined based on the following aspects: (i) ecosystem sustainability, (ii) justice welfare, and (iii) good governance. Data were collected through surveys guided with previously designed questionnaires, invlolving 179 respondents selected purposively from exixting shrimp cultivator. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the Stata software. Results showed that there was a difference between weights determined in the technical guidelines and those resulting from PCA, which was indicated by various existing conditions in research location. This is a significant finding that is relevant in in developing EAA in Indonesia.

Bearing capacity is a value used to determine the ability of soil to withstand the pressure and load of a construction. One of the methods to increase bearing capacity of soft clay soil is use geotextile material as reinforcement material. The use of geotextile requires high operational costs, so it needs alternative replacement materials with lower prices and easily available, one of which is woven bamboo. The soft clay soil came from Purwosuman Village, Sidoharjo District, Sragen Regency, Central Java with a planned water content of 60.00% and was saturated. The parameters studied were the effect of depth variation using a footing width ratio of 100 mm (B) there are 0.5B, 1B, 1.5B, and 2B accompanied by the width of reinforcement at each depth variation based on the theory of pressure distribution in the soil 2 Vertical: 1 Horizontal. This study conducted physical properties of soil and loading frame testing. Based on the test, the maximum load retained by the soil with reinforcement is greater than the soil without reinforcement by 2455.71%. From the results of the analyses reviewed, the greater the dimension of the reinforcement width, the greater the maximum load value that will be able to withstand.

Multiphase coexistence in the organic phase change material (PCM) leads to practical drawbacks. It causes partial charge/discharge behavior, which reduces the operational reliability of an active latent storage unit (LSU). The present work proposes stabilized OPCM (SOPCM) as a suitable method to promote a better phase transition performance. The stabilization is done by adding 10 wt% polymers (high-density polyethylene/HDPE) for the OPCM. The proposed method reduces the supercooling degree of PCM up to 4.2 °C. It makes the specific state of charge (SoC) for SOPCM increase by 18.8%/°C along with phase transition. The SOPCM has a lower temperature gradient (3.5 °C-4.5 °C) compared to PCM (5.2 °C-7.7 °C) during the solid-liquid transition. Dynamic heating and cooling tests with a rectangular shell and u-finned tube demonstrate the charging/discharging behavior of PCM and SOPCM, which varies significantly. The charging/discharging power profile of PCM is fluctuated, particularly in the phase change region. It implies that the phase change process causes severe disturbance in the heat transfer rate. Contrary to that, the SOPCM reduces the fluctuation, indicating a stable phase transition process. It gives the SOPCM a better storage efficiency (80.2%–90.2%) than PCM (72.5%–77.1%). The SOPCM discharges the stored heat effectively and reduces the residual power at the end of discharging process. Moreover, the SOPCM has a higher thermal conductivity in the liquid state (0.184 W·m−1·K−1–0.213 W m−1 K−1) which accelerates the average response time to reach the targeted nominal power during the discharging process.

The highest thermal energy for phase change material (PCM) is stored/discharged with unsubstantial temperature changes during the isothermal phase transition. However, the convective latent heat storage system uses temperature differences between the thermal load and working fluid. It restricts the temperature operation of the storage system since the temperature of the working fluid is limited by the melting temperature of PCM. To overcome the related issue, the present study proposes a configuration for small-scale cascade latent heat storage using three different melting points of the phase change materials. The three-stage cascade system is occupied by paraffin, RT80, and high-density polyethylene for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd storage tanks with melting temperatures of 60.9 °C, 79.6 °C and 115.4 °C, respectively. The overall system demonstrates a better performance than a single tank, with an average temperature variation of 42.9 °C and 34.5 °C during charging and discharging. The effect of partial phase change can be decreased where the power effective for discharging decreases by only 6.3% while the power effective during charging increases by 18.2%. It proves that using a multistage cascade system with gradual melting temperature PCM allows higher performance for a latent heat storage system.

The mentoring and demonstration plot program with the application of technology carried out by the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada Team was proven to be able to increase the productivity and quality of soybeans, although some were only applied partially (not completely) from the recommended technology package, this was constrained by many factors in each mentoring area. In the Cilacap area, the demonstration plot results showed a fairly high potential reaching 2.24 tons/ha in Bantarsari, 2.94 and 3.77 tons/ha in Kawunganten, while in Majenang before harvesting soybeans showed good potential with 130-140 pods. per plant, this is of course the potential yield can reach above 3.0 tons/ha, but unfortunately it was affected by the flood due to the broken embankment, so the soybeans were inundated and damaged (rotten) in a relatively short time. The process of technology transfer and adoption that occurred went well, and many farmers gave testimony that this mentoring program was good to be developed and continued, so that under conditions according to the growing season, they would be able to show even better potential.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in heart failure (HF) is associated with poor functional capacity. Several studies reported the benefit of iron therapy in HF with IDA on improving functional capacity. Therefore, we attempt to investigate the effect of oral iron supplementation on functional capacity in HF patients with IDA. Results: Double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital Universitas Indonesia. A total 54 HFREF patients with IDA were enrolled and randomized to either oral Ferrous Sulphate (FS) 200mg 3 times a day or placebo with 1:1 ratio for 12 weeks. Primary outcome was functional capacity measured by 6-minute walk test. There were 41 participants completed the study (FS n=22, placebo n=19). Ferrous sulphate significantly improved functional capacity changes (46.23+35m vs -13.7+46m, p

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to atrial septal defect (ASD) is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality in defect closure. We aimed to compare perioperative outcome between preoperative borderline and low pulmonary vascular resistance index (≥4 WU.m2 and

The potential of coastal natural resources in Indonesia is so diverse and should be able to contribute to the economy of the people in Indonesia. The utilization of coastal natural resources depends on how the natural resource management patterns are. Location Desa Sei Nagalawan has coastal natural resources which are also managed by the community for their economic interests. This research was conducted with a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative methods to find out how the pattern of coastal natural resource management in Sei Nagalawan Village. This study wants to see whether the management carried out by the community includes management that adheres to the principles of sustainable development. The results obtained from this study are that the fishing communities who live in the coastal area of Sei Nagalawan Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency have an organized management pattern. Management that is done is by taking marine life such as cuttlefish, shrimp, crab and fish which is done in the traditional way. In addition, coastal natural resources are also managed as tourist attractions. The coastal area in Sei Nagalawan Village has mangrove land which is well cared for and managed by the community. Management that is done is by processing the leaves and mangrove fruit for food.

Background: Plasma volume (PV) expansion hallmarks the syndrome of heart failure (HF) but is difficult to be quantified noninvasively. Estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) has marked prognostic utility in the failing left heart, however its use in right heart failure (RHF) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of ePVS among isolated RHF patients. Methods: We retrospectively collected 208 patients admitted for RHF in our hospital from the electronic database from 2017 to 2019. ePVS was calculated using the Hakim formula. Patients were divided into low and high groups based on their PV value. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of in-hospital mortality between these groups. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was 12.5%, tripled from the low group to the high group (6.7% vs. 18.3%), within a median of 6 (3–19) days. High ePVS significantly predicted mortality in RHF, even after being adjusted for demographic, hemodynamic, chemistry, and medication variables (adjusted OR: 5.83, 95% CI: 1.62–20.95, 'p' < 0.01). Conclusion: ePVS is associated with in-hospital mortality among isolated RHF patients. Given not only the wide accessibility of hemogram but also the low cost and the rapid quantification of relative PV, this simple tool can potentially aid in optimizing RHF management, especially in rural area, although further evaluation is warranted.

Vitello-intestinal ducts anomalies has been described extensively in literatures, however - a prolapsed vitello-intestinal duct with prolapsed ileum is extremely rare and might be challenging diagnostically. We describe a baby boy who was born with a reddish mass arising from the abdominal wall. He had early surgical correction, and the diagnosis was confirmed intra operatively. The vitello-intestinal duct was resected as well as some part of the edematous ileum, and ileal anastomosis was performed. He had uneventful recovery.

Mycoprotein is food with high protein content, fiber, and low in cholesterol made from fungal mycelium. In this research, mycoprotein was produced by spp. isolated fr Rhizopus om tempeh with soymilk as growth media. This research aims to determine the best strain of spp. and op Rhizopus timum carbon to nitrogen ratio for mycoprotein production Two parameters were applied which w . ere inoculum selection and carbon to nitrogen ratio treatment in media. The best inoculum was selected from four strains of Rhizopus spp., ATH 1,ATH 24,ATH 40, and ATH 53. On the other hand, carbon to nitrogen ratio treatment used were as follows 20:1, 20:2, and 40:2. Mycelium dry weight and protein content were measured, as well as reduction sugar, dissolved protein and total volatile base nitrogen concentration in media. The best strain for producing biomass was ATH 24 with 0.6 g of 0 mycelium dry weight per 50 mL of media and the protein content was 0.236 g. The best carbon to nitrogen ratio treatment was 20:1 with 0.57 gram of mycelium dry weight per 50 mLof media and the protein content was 0.20 g. Thus, our data indicate that strain ATH 24 with 20:1 of carbon to nitrogen ratio in media were highly potential for producing mycoprotein. Keywords: fermentation, mycelium, mycoprotein, Rhizopus, soymilk

Complications such as anemia and its clinical consequences arise as chronic kidney diseases progress,. One renal anemia pathophysiology is a disruption of iron metabolism, regulated by the main iron exporter hormone, hepcidin. Chronic kidney disease patients were constantly in an inflammatory state, represented by an increased in C-reactive protein. This inflammatory state would facilitate the liver to secrete hepcidin, which would subsequently follow a decrease of iron circulation, thus resulting in functional iron deficiency. Both acute phase reactants which used thoroughly as markers in tropical and infectious diseases, had their own roles in chronic kidney disease. The correlation of c-reactive protein and hepcidin in chronic kidney disease patients was still controversial. To analyse the relationship between c-reactive protein and hepcidin in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 40 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were enrolled with consecutive sampling and were examined for serum c-reactive protein and hepcidin levels.A total of forty subjects (67.5% male with mean age of 50.23 ± 1.04 years) were eligible for enrolment in this study. The most comorbid factor was hypertension (62.5%). The common stage for chronic kidney disease was stage 3 (40%). The mean hemoglobin value was 10.74 ± 0.36 g/dL, mean blood urea nitrogen was 39.98 ± 29.59 mg/dL, and serum creatinine of 4.12 ± 3.39 mg/dL. Mean serum c-reactive protein levels were 3.52 ± 5.13 mg/l. Mean hepcidin level were 94,03 ± 95,39 ng/ml. Serum C-reactive protein levels correlated positively (r=0.487) and significantly (p-value=0.001) with serum hepcidin value. C-reactive protein and hepcidin was significantly correlated in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients.

Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan dalam artikel ini adalah adalah deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang kemampuan awal bernalar matematika mahasiswa, khususnya Universitas Negeri Medan, pada mata kuliah matematika diskrit. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester IV pada program studi pendidikan matematika tahun akademik 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 45 orang. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pretest kepada mahasiswa dengan waktu 15 menit dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai bagaimana mahasiswa menyelesaikan permasalah yang disajikan. Hasil dari pretest dan wawancara dijadikan bahan untuk menjawab masalah utama pada penelitian ini. Dalam hal ini, temuan penelitian mengemukakan bahwa kemampuan awal mahasiswa pada umumnya belum dapat membantu mereka memecahkan masalah-masalah graf bahkan sebagian mahasiswa tidak dapat menyelesaikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang disajikan. Dalam meyelesaikan permasalahan yang diberikan, beberapa mahasiswa cenderung melakukan metode trial and error, sedangkan yang lainnya menggunakan penjabaran penjabaran dengan kata-kata ataupun gambar. Kata kunci: analisis kemampuan awal, kemampuan bernalar (reasoning skills), graf, matematika diskrit. ABSTRACT This paper attempts to descibe descriptively towards a study which is conducted to provide an overview about college students’ initial reasoning skills, especially Universitas Negeri Medan, at Discrete Mathematics course. The implementation of this study involves 45 fourth-semester students of mathematics education program as the research subject. The data was collected by giving fifteen-minute pretest and conducting interview with the students. The interview aimed to acquire the information about how the students deal with the problems. The results of pretest and interview were laterly used to answer the main question of this study. In this case, the findings of this study show that the students’ initial understanding is not adequate to solve the problems about graph and some students leave the worksheet with no answer. In order to deal with the problems, students come up with trial and error method and others attempt to solve the problems with word description and pictures. Keywords: initial understanding analysis, reasoning skills, graph, discrete mathematics.

There has been a lot of recent study on age estimates utilizing different optimization techniques, architecture models, and diverse strategies with some variations. However, accuracy improvement in age estimation studies remains a challenge due to the inability of traditional approaches to effectively capture complex facial features and variations. Therefore, this study investigates the usage of Particle Swarm Optimization in Deep CNN models to improve accuracy. The focus of the study is on exploring different feature extractors for the age estimation task, utilizing pre-trained CNN models such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and Xception. The proposed approach utilizes PSO to optimize the hyperparameters of a custom output layer for age detection in regression. The PSO algorithm searches for the optimal combination of model hyperparameters that minimize the age estimation error. This study shows that fine-tuning a model can lead to improvements in its performance, with the VGG19 model achieving the best performance after fine-tuning. Additionally, the PSO process was able to find sets of hyperparameters that were on par or even better than the initial hyperparameters. The best result can be seen in VGG19 architecture with loss of 86.181, MAE of 6.693, and MAPE of 38.462. Out of the twelve experiments conducted, it was observed that the utilization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) offered distinct advantages in terms of achieving better results for age estimation. However, it is important to note that the execution time for these experiments was considerably longer when employing PSO.

The utilization of condensate water as a compressor-discharge cooler results in subcooling on the condenser outlet. On the other hand, a split-type air conditioner (A/C) with R32 as working fluid can provide higher compressor-discharge temperatures than other refrigerants used in the same A/C. Therefore, A/C working with R32, equipped with a heat exchanger by utilizing waste-condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler, has promising potential to produce the largest subcooling effect in air-conditioning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler on the performance of an A/C using R32 as the working fluid with different sizes of heat exchanger. The experimental study was carried out on the A/C with a compressor capacity of 1.1 kW, using three different heat-exchanger lengths, i.e., 18, 20 and 22 cm. The results indicated that longer heat exchangers produced higher degrees of subcooling; the heat exchangers with lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm produced average degrees of subcooling of 0.9, 1.5 and 4.5 K, respectively. Therefore, increments in the degree of subcooling generate improvements in cooling capacity, lowering the compressor-input power, and enhance the COP of the A/C. The average COP improvement of the A/C with heat-exchanger lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm were 9.1, 14.4 and 27.3%, respectively.

Burns causes a significant number of mortality and morbidity globally with a higher number found in developing countries, such as Indonesia. A study conducted in Indonesia discovered that the majority of burns were caused by flame LPG-related (liquefied petroleum gas) burns (33%), which is understandable because LPG is the main cooking fuel used in Indonesian homes. Since the first management of burn will influence the outcome of burn injuries, health promotion efforts to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice to prevent burns and to provide first aid for burn are considered important to reduce burn-related morbidity and mortality. This was a descriptive study conducted in Babakan Sari Sub-district, Antapani, Bandung, Indonesia which involved a one-day community health promotion event as the intervention. The aim of this study was to compare the level of knowledge regarding burn prevention and first management before and after a one-day community health promotion event. As many as 61 respondents were recruited through purposive sampling and these respondents were asked to fill out a pre-event questionnaire consisting of questions regarding demographic data and knowledge on burn prevention and management. Demographic data collected showed that 31% of participants had experienced burns; 100% of participants used 3kg LPG gas tank in their home; 98% of participants had never been taught on how to handle an emergency situation or how to arrange an evacuation route; and 100% of participants felt that their neighborhood did not provide facilities for burn management. A post-event questionnaire was distributed after the one-day health promotion event, which was conducted in October 2018, and the results were compared with the pre-event questionnaire results. A significant improvement of knowledge was seen, as evident from the increase of a median score from 2.0 before the event to 9.0 after the event (p

Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi plak, ketebalan tunika intima-media arteri karotis berdasarkan ultrasonografi dan skor kalsium total dengan derajat stenosis arteri koroner berdasarkan MSCT-scan kardiak pada pasien dislipidemia. Metode: Cross-sectional, dilakukan di instalasi radiologi sentral RSUP dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar mulai bulan Juli 2018 sampai Juli 2019. Sampel sebanyak 32 orang dengan usia >18 tahun dan memiliki riwayat dislipidemia. Metode statistik yang digunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi antara kejadian plak, ketebalan tunika intima-media arteri karotis dan total calcium score dengan derajat stenosis arteri koroner, dimana nilai p masing-masing secara berurutan yaitu 0,017 (

Penggunaan indikator pH konvensional untuk pengujian larutan senyawa kimia tidak dapat menunjukkan angka pH dengan signifikan karena merupakan hasil pembacaan dengan cara pendekatan pada warna trayek pH. Dampak lainnya berupa masalah keselamatan dari penguji pH. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan dan pembuatan sebuah alat pH Meter menggunakan Mikrokontroller ATMega16 yang dapat mengukur pH sebuah larutan sehingga akurasi pembacaan nilai pH dapat meninggkat dari pada menggunakan indikator konvensional. Alat ini akan bekerja secara otomatis menggerakan probe sensor pH naik dan turun sehingga masalah keselamatan di atas dapat diminimalkan dampaknya dan dapat mempermudah kerja penguji pH. Dalam pengujian dilakukan pengamatan beberapa parameter uji serta melakukan analisa terhadap beberapa sampel larutan kimia yaitu HNO3 (Asam Nitrat), CH3COOH (Asam Cuka), Aquadest, Antiseptik, dan NaOH. Dari pengujian pH yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil akurasi pembacaan nilai pH dengan perhitungan standar deviasi dibawah 0.1. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, diketahui hasil yang didapatkan sesuai dengan spesifikasi awal sensor pH yang memiliki tingkat akurasi ± 0.1, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pH Meter yang dirancang bangun oleh penguji dapat memenuhi aspek dari tujuan peneliti serta dapat bekerja sesuai fungsinya.

Akhir-akhir ini di Desa Wedoro mengalami kegagalan produksi. Hal ini disebabkan karena udang vannamei yang dibudidayakan sering terkena penyakit seperti WFD (White Feces Disease) yang membuat produksi tidak dapat tercapai maksimal. WFD disebabkan karena buruknya kualitas air dalam masa pemeliharaan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, maka mengembangkan Pengontrol kualitas air untuk mengukur dan parameter kualitas air tambak udang vannamei dengan basis IOT (Internet of Things) sehingga untuk pengoperasian alat ini dapat dilakukan melalui aplikasi dalam smartphone ataupun web. Adapun untuk mekanisme MS IP PRO yaitu sensor akan suhu dan pH akan melakukan pemindaian kemudian hasil tersebut akan tersimpan ke dalam database yang kemudian dapat dilihat melalui aplikasi atau web dalam bentuk grafik. Dari hasil yang didapat setelah diterapkannya alat ini, terjadi peningkatan SR (Survival Rate) dari 63% menjadi 71% dengan padat tebar 100 ekor/m2 dan dapat mengatasai penyakit WFD (White Feces Disease).

Abstract Objective Chitosan nanoparticle (nanochitosan) has a broad antimicrobial spectrum against diverse pathogenic microorganisms. However, its effect on dental caries-associated microorganisms, such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans is yet to be explored. These microorganisms are known for causing early childhood caries. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating nanochitosan inhibition capacity against dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans. In this study, nanochitosan antimicrobial activity is reported against mono and dual biofilm species of S. mutans and/or C. albicans at 3 and 18 h incubation time. Nanochitosan inhibition capacity was observed through biofilm mass quantity and cell viability. Results The present study successfully synthesized nanochitosan with average diameter of approximately 20–30 nm, and also established dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans in vitro. With nanochitosan treatment, the cell viability of both microorganisms significantly decreased with the increasing concentration of nanochitosan. There was no significant decrease in biofilm mass both in the dual and single-species biofilms after 3 h of incubation. However, greater inhibition of biofilm was observed at 18 h incubation.

The village of Bayung Gede is a mountain village (± 800-900 M asl) in Kintamani Subdistrict, Bangli Regency, and one of the traditional villages that have uniqueness in its architecture. The traditional house in Bayung Gede Village is not only a multifunctional dwelling, but also has aesthetic value, philosophy, and representation of the simple life of its inhabitants. The aesthetics seem simple, but they contain philosophical values in every detail. The use of natural materials such as wood and bamboo are abundant in the village environment affect the appearance of architectural form, while the shape will affect the appearance of aesthetic build. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the aesthetics of traditional houses in the village of Bayung Gede, within the framework of philosophy concept studies underlying the embodiment of the aesthetic aspect of architecture. The purpose of the study is, a proposition about the effort of appreciation and enrichment of Traditional Balinese Architecture, as one element of national/regional cultural identity. The method used is descriptive-naturalistic, which is a way to find and understand the values owned by society in accordance with the structure of components in the architecture. The conclusion of the research, that the essence of a work of architecture contains social functions and aesthetic rules, is a supernatural power that is incarnate, as a realized idea, the devotion to God, the means of continuity of tradition, as a form of creativity, and as a means of recreation . This is apparent in the aesthetic philosophy of a traditional house in Bayung Gede Village. Keywords: aesthetics, philosophy, traditional Balinese architecture, traditional house Abstrak Desa Bayung Gede merupakan desa pegunungan (±800-900 M dpl) di Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli, serta salah satu desa tradisional yang memiliki keunikan dalam arsitekturnya. Rumah di Desa Bayung Gede merupakan tempat beraktivitas juga menjadi simbol yang khas dari masyarakatnya. Rumah tradisional di Desa Bayung Gede tidak hanya sebagai hunian yang multifungsi, melainkan juga memiliki nilai estetika, filosofi, dan representasi kehidupan sederhana penduduknya. Estetikanya nampak sederhana, namun mengandung nilai-nilai filosofi pada setiap detailnya. Topografi di daerah pegunungan dan pemakaian bahan alam seperti kayu dan bambu yang banyak terdapat di lingkungan desa mempengaruhi tampilan bentuk arsitekturnya, sedangkan bentuk akan mempengaruhi tampilan estetika bangunanannya. Maksud penulisan adalah untuk mengungkap estetika rumah tinggal tradisional di Desa Bayung Gede, dalam kerangka studi konsep filosofi yang melatari perwujudan hadirnya aspek estetika arsitekturnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah, sebuah proposisi tentang upaya penghargaan serta pengayaan khasanah Arsitektur Tradisional Bali, selaku salah satu unsur jati diri kebudayaan daerah/nasional. Metoda yang dipergunakan adalah deskriptif-naturalistik, yaitu suatu cara untuk mencari dan memahami nilai-nilai yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat sesuai dengan struktur komponen pada arsitektur. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah, bahwa hakikat suatu karya arsitektur mengandung fungsi-fungsi sosial dan kaidah estetika, merupakan kekuatan adikodrati yanng menjelma, sebagai ide yang terwujud, bakti kepada Tuhan, kesinambungan tradisi, wujud kreativitas, dan sebagai sarana bersenang. Hal tersebut nampak pada filsafat estetika rumah tradisional di Desa Bayung Gede. Kata Kunci: estetika, filosofi, arsitektur tradisional Bali, rumah tradisional

Various studies have been conducted regarding the heat problem of Libya’s building recently. The current method is to create a heat barrier in all parts of the building. Thermal insulation R-value of each material and the heat transfer coefficient such as U-value confirms to the Egyptian standards. This research was conducted by using a new design of double wall heat insulation materials which are available in Libya. This new design is to be compared to previous research. The proposed double wall and generated R-value provide higher efficiency than the best efficiency ever done.

The ecological damage to the coast of Bangka has forced the community to carry out environmental conservation movements to improve their marine ecology. The environmental movement carried out by the HKm Gempa 01 Group in Kurau Barat Village is an ecocentrism activity that is the antithesis of anthropocentrism behavior that has damaged the environment in the Bangka Belitung Islands. On that basis, this research was conducted to analyze and know the Ecocentrism-based Mangrove Tourism Movement Strategy. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using observation, interviews with purposive sampling techniques, and documents, while the analysis technique uses data triangulation. The results showed that the HKm Gempa 01 Group mobilized three stakeholders, namely the government, the community, and tourists, to manage the Mangrove area based on ecocentrism behavior. The success of the management of the area forms a movement strategy that can pressure three stakeholders to transform anthropocentrism behavior towards ecocentrism behavior in the management of the Munjang Kurau Mangrove area.

The regional resistance to the center is a permanent issue that faithfully colors the history of the dynamics of central and local relations. This paper is a presentation of research results that try to express the opposition of Local Government to the Central Government which takes place in a closed form. Taking the case of the conflict in the capital of North Buton Regency, this research has succeeded in explaining that the resistance to the center by the regions is not always the case in an open form. Working out is a powerful strategy choice in reducing pressure and central intervention over the course of governance in the region.

Background: Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease. In the last 10 years a significant fluctuation of diphtheria incidence led to an outbreak reported in some developing countries. The aim of this study was to review about risk factors in developing countries which are associated with high incidence of diphtheria. Methods: We conducted systematic search studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods based on electronic sources from Pubmed, Proquest, Science Direct, Scopus, and EBSCO for relevant studies. Studies are eligible if the population studies were in developing countries; outcomes were related in risk factors associated to diphtheria outbreak; and design study was observational study. Results: The 10 selected studies were done in India, Thailand, Lao PDR, Brazil, Dominican Republic, South Africa, and Nigeria. Low vaccination coverage, partially vaccinated or unvaccinated status and poor access to health care services are identified as the main factors that associated directly to diphtheria outbreak in most of the countries. The health care system factors such as availability of Diphtheria anti-toxin and the capability of health personnel in making early diagnosis and prompted treatment also play important roles in controlling Diphtheria outbreak. The study also highlight increasing risk for infection in adult due to waning antibody levels in adulthood. Conclusion: Low vaccination coverage, poor access to health services, and low income were factors that had led to resurgence of diphtheria in developing countries. The strengthening of surveillance and health care system could give better chance in tackling the diphtheria outbreak.

Phosphate Sludge (PS) waste has been a problem in metal surface finishing industry. The waste cannot be dumped in landfill due to the metal content. Valorisation of the waste will be beneficial in a way that it conserves natural reserves and reduces energy consumption. This paper describes the attempt of utilization of PS by mixing it in kaolin in preparation of ceramic bricks. A series of experiments showed that mixtures containing between 25–50 mass % PS sintered at 1200oC attained the highest compressive strength of >25 MPa. X-ray diffractions (XRD) showed that the presence of PS hindered the formation of mullite, the phase that contribute to strength in Al2O3–SiO2 kaolin system. In the mixture of 1:1 kaolin: PS fired at 1200oC, cristobalite was formed, instead of mullite, as observed in the XRD patterns.

Penelitian ini berkonsentrasi pada kemampuan alat desalinasi tipe solar still dalam menyerap energi kalor matahari dan penggunaannya dalam proses kondensasi guna memproduksi air tawar untuk keperluan masyarakat. Alat desalinasi ini terdiri dari kotak distiller dengan plat absorber dan kain yang terdapat di dalamnya, serta kaca sebagai pentransmisian. Sistem kerja berawal dari air diteteskan melalui pipa dan jatuh pada kain yang akan menyerap air. Radiasi matahari akan memanaskan plat absober melalui kaca kemudian panas plat memanaskan air pada kain hingga menjadi uap dan menempel pada permukaan dalam kaca hingga terkonsensasi menjadi air suling. Pengukuran volume minimal dan maksimal alat sebesar 5 lt dan 7 lt dilakukan selama 4 hari. Melalui penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas matahari telah ada saat cahaya matahari mulai terlihat pada pukul 6 pagi dan difusi energi kalor matahari telah mulai dimanfaatkan pada waktu tersebut. Akan tetapi kinerja alat desalinasi masih sangat rendah, hal ini terlihat dari angka efisiensi yang hanya mencapai 4,45%.

Solutions in the process of resolving numerical methods, especially "Solutions of Non Linear Equations", are determined by several criteria including: 1. Solutions will be obtained if the tolerances found from numerical calculations are less than or equal to the specified tolerances, depending on the criteria of the question. 2. The solution will be obtained if the function value f(xn +1) reaches zero (0). 3. The solution will be obtained if the value of xn+1 has a constant value (no change). In some observations of manual efforts to find non-linear equations solutions, students cannot do the calculation perfectly. This is due to lack of understanding of teaching materials or modules and also the algorithms that are difficult to grasp. Moreover, the calculation has to be done for several times iterations in order to obtain the expected results. Comparing the results of calculations done manually using Microsoft Excel and the result of calculations using numerical applications created using C# programming language, it concludes: non-linear equations manual calculation to get one of the roots of non-linear functions tend to not completed in a short time so the error rate and accuracy cannot be measured. The calculations performed using Microsoft Excel, obtained the error rate reaches 0.158% and the accuracy rate reaches 99.842%. Calculations performed using numerical applications using the C# programming language obtained error rate reached 0.004% and accuracy rate reached 99.996%.