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372 results on '"Mulhern, Raymond K."'

1. Children's Gender and Responsiveness to Their Parents Influence Parental Discipline.

Author

Mulhern, Raymond K. and Passman, Richard H.

Abstract

This study investigated the interaction of child and parent gender with child responsiveness in determining parents' later selection of discipline. Participants were 40 parents and their preschool children (ten pairs each of mother/daughter, mother/son, father/daughter, and father/son combinations). After being separated from his or her child, each parent was told that the child was assembling a puzzle in an adjacent room and that the parent was to monitor the child's performance telemetrically. The child's successes and errors were indicated by a tone or buzz respectively and were registered on digital counters. The parent was to indicate on console pushbuttons the number of candies (0 to 9) to be added to the child's supply for a success or to be subtracted for an error so that the child would best learn how to do the puzzle. In reality, the child was playing in an adjacent room, and the events that the parent believed were being produced by the child were experimentally manipulated. In baseline, the child appeared to make 50% successes independently of the parent's teaching strategy. Successes then became contingent upon the parent's selection of high, and later low, intensities of punishment for errors. Finally, 100% errors were programmed regardless of parental punishment. Results indicated that the parents' and children's gender and the children's apparent responsiveness to parental discipline combined to determine the parents' administrations of rewarding and punishing consequences for the children's behaviors. (Author/JMB)

Published
1979

2. Stress Affects Maternal Punitiveness: A Model for Investigating Child Abuse.

Author

Passman, Richard H. and Mulhern, Raymond K.

Abstract

Ten mothers and their children (4 to 8 years old) interacted in a situation analogous to that thought to precipitate child abuse. Without directly observing the child, each mother telemetrically monitored her child's performance on a puzzle. Following an error, she selected the intensity of punishment to be delivered. However, the frequency of errors was electromechanically generated independent of the child's performance. Concurrently, mothers worked on another task unrelated to the child where the magnitude and ambiguity of response demands were manipulated. Maternal punitiveness was directly related to both the external response demands and the frequency of interruptions (the child's errors) which necessitated administering discipline. (Author)

Published
1977

4. Deterioration of Intellect among Children Surviving Leukemia: IQ Test Changes Modify Estimates of Treatment Toxicity.

Author

Mulhern, Raymond, K

Abstract

Assessed association of young age at treatment, cranial irradiation, and time since treatment with intellectual deterioration among 49 long-term survivors of childhood leukemia. Found no significant effects of treatment group (low-dose cranial irradiation versus high-dose chemotherapy) or age at treatment. Small but statistically significant decline in mean full-scale intelligence quotient was noted over time. (Author/NB)

Published
1992

8. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of a cognitive remediation program for childhood survivors of a pediatric malignancy

Author

Butler, Robert W., Fairclough, Diane L., Katz, Ernest R., Noll, Robert B., Copeland, Donna R., Mulhern, Raymond K., Kazak, Anne E., Patel, Sunita K., and Sahler, Olle Jane Z.

Subjects
Cancer in children -- Development and progression, Cancer in children -- Psychological aspects, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Diagnosis, Developmentally disabled children -- Educational aspects, Clinical trials, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Survivors of childhood cancer whose malignancy and/or treatment involved the central nervous system may demonstrate a consistent pattern of neurocognitive deficits. The present study evaluated a randomized clinical trial of the Cognitive Remediation Program (CRP). Participants were 6- to 17-year-old survivors of childhood cancer (N = 161; 35% female, 18% Hispanic, 10% African American, 64% Caucasian, 8% other) who were at least 1 year off treatment and who manifested an attentional deficit. They were enrolled at 7 sites nationwide. Two thirds of the participants were randomly assigned to cognitive remediation. All participants were assessed using a battery of academic achievement/neurocognitive tests and parent/teacher measures of attention. The CRP resulted in parent report of improved attention and statistically significant increases in academic achievement. Effect sizes were modest but were comparable with those for other clinical trials of brain injury rehabilitation and for psychological interventions in general. The CRP is presented as a potentially beneficial treatment for many survivors of pediatric cancer. Long-term clinical significance remains unproven. Further work is needed to improve effect sizes and treatment compliance and to address the needs of other populations with pediatric brain injury. Keywords: brain injury rehabilitation, childhood cancer/treatment, clinical interventions

Published
2008

9. Using problem-solving skills training to reduce negative affectivity in mothers of children with newly diagnosed cancer: report of a multisite randomized trial

Author

Sahler, Olle Jane Z., Phipps, Sean, Mulhern, Raymond K., Noll, Robert B., Varni, James W., Fairclough, Diane L., Dolgin, Michael J., Katz, Ernest R., Copeland, Donna R., and Butler, Robert W.

Subjects
Mothers -- Psychological aspects, Cancer patients -- Psychological aspects, Problem-solving therapy, Cancer in children, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Mothers of children with cancer experience significant distress associated with their children's diagnosis and treatment. The efficacy of problem-solving skills training (PSST), a cognitive-behavioral intervention based on problem-solving therapy, was assessed among 430 English- and Spanish-speaking mothers of recently diagnosed patients. Participants were randomized to usual psychosocial care (UPC; n = 213) or UPC plus 8 sessions of PSST (PSST; n = 217). Compared with UPC mothers, PSST mothers reported significantly enhanced problem-solving skills and significantly decreased negative affectivity. Although effects were largest immediately after PSST, several differences in problem-solving skills and distress levels persisted to the 3-month follow-up. In general, efficacy for Spanish-speaking mothers exceeded that for English-speaking mothers. Findings also suggest young, single mothers profit most from PSST.

Published
2005

30. Developmental model relating white matter volume to neurocongenitive deficits in pediatric brain tmor survivors

Author

Reddick, Wilburn E., White, Holly A., Glass, John O., Wheeler, Gregory C., Thompson, Stephen J., Gajjar, Amar, Leigh, Laurie, and Mulhern, Raymond K.

Subjects
Oncology, Experimental -- Analysis, Cancer survivors -- Health aspects, Cancer survivors -- Care and treatment, Cancer survivors -- Demographic aspects, Brain tumors -- Health aspects, Brain tumors -- Care and treatment, Brain tumors -- Demographic aspects, Cancer in children -- Health aspects, Cancer in children -- Care and treatment, Health
Published
2003

31. Postoperative chemotherapy and delayed radiation in children less than three years of age with malignant brain tumors

Author

Duffner, Patricia K., Horowitz, Marc E., Krischer, Jeffrey P., Friedman, Henry S., Burger, Peter C., Cohen, Michael E., Sanford, Robert A., Mulhern, Raymond K., James, Hector E., Freeman, Carolyn R., Seidel, F. Glen, and Kun, Larry E.

Subjects
Brain tumors -- Care and treatment, Chemotherapy -- Usage, Tumors in children
Abstract

One to two years of chemotherapy after surgery for a brain tumor may slow the progression of the disease in young children and allow them to forego radiation treatment. Children under three years old with a brain tumor have a poor prognosis, and they often experience severe side effects from radiation treatment. Of 198 one- and two-year-old children who were surgically treated for a brain tumor, 57 had a complete resection and 112 had a partial resection. One-year-old children were given chemotherapy for two years and two-year-old children were treated for one year. Thirty-nine of 102 children had a complete or partial response to chemotherapy. Forty-one percent of two-year-olds were free of disease one year later and 39% of one-year-olds were free of disease two years later. Those whose tumors were completely removed at surgery had the highest disease-free survival rates.

Published
1993

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