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Your search keyword '"Mulawa, Dominic"' showing total 9 results
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9 results on '"Mulawa, Dominic"'

4. Timing and Reconstruction of the Most Recent Common Ancestor of the Subtype C Clade of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Author

Travers, Simon A. A., Clewley, Jonathan P., Glynn, Judith R., Fine, Paul E. M., Crampin, Amelia C., Sibande, Felix, Mulawa, Dominic, McInerney, James O., McCormack, Grace P., Travers, Simon A. A., Clewley, Jonathan P., Glynn, Judith R., Fine, Paul E. M., Crampin, Amelia C., Sibande, Felix, Mulawa, Dominic, McInerney, James O., and McCormack, Grace P.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C is responsible for more than 55% of HIV-1 infections worldwide. When this subtype first emerged is unknown. We have analyzed all available gag (p17 and p24) and env (C2-V3) subtype C sequences with known sampling dates, which ranged from 1983 to 2000. The majority of these sequences come from the Karonga District in Malawi and include some of the earliest known subtype C sequences. Linear regression analyses of sequence divergence estimates (with four different approaches)were plotted against sample year to estimate the year in which there was zero divergence from the reconstructed ancestral sequence. Here we suggest that the most recent common ancestor of subtype C appeared in the mid- to late 1960s. Sensitivity analyses, by which possible biases due to oversampling from one district were explored, gave very similar estimates.

Published
2004

8. Emergence of a Three Codon Deletion in gag p17 in HIV Type 1 Subtype C Long-Term Survivors, and General Population Spread

Author

McCormack, Grace P., Glynn, Judith R., Clewley, Jonathan P., Crampin, Amelia C., Travers, Simon A.A., Redmond, Niamh, Keane, Thomas M., Sibande, Felix, Mulawa, Dominic, and Fine, Paul E.M.

Abstract

In a population-based study in northern Malawi we investigated HIV-1 subtype C gag and env gene sequences associated with long-term survival. DNA samples were available from 31 individuals surviving between population surveys carried out in the 1980s and 1990s. Most survivors with paired sequences dating from the 1980s and the 1990s had a three codon deletion in the gag p17 region of the sequence retrieved from the sample collected in the 1990s that was not present in the sequence from the same individual dating from the 1980s. This deletion was also not present in any other 1980s sequences from Malawi, but was common in samples collected in Malawi in the 1990s. The deletion is equivalent to the loss of three amino acids in the D helix region of the gag protein, and may be associated with longer survival and onward transmission.

Published
2006
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9. Highly divergent HIV type 1 group M sequences evident in Karonga District, Malawi in early 1980s.

Author

McCormack GP, Glynn JR, Crampin AC, Sibande F, Mulawa D, Fine PE, and Clewley JP

Subjects
Genes, env genetics, Genes, gag genetics, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Malawi epidemiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genetic Variation, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 genetics
Abstract

Six divergent HIV-1 partial env and gag genome sequences have been characterized in five subjects in Malawi, from whom blood spot samples were collected between 1982 and 1989, at the time that the AIDS epidemic there was starting. These sequences could not be classified with any of the recognized subtypes or circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1. They showed no consistent and/or supported associations with other subtypes by either env or gag gene phylogenetic analysis. Their genetic distances from defined subtypes suggest that they may be diverse subsubtype C viruses or, alternatively, that they may have mosaic genomes. Bootscanning analyses are consistent with their being mosaic viruses. These sequences highlight early HIV-1 diversity in a population otherwise dominated by subtype C.

Published
2003
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