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The sudden and unexpected war in Ukraine led to a large flow of citizens displaced abroad. Almost half of them are preschool- and school-age children. The peculiarities of their adaptation to the educational environment of another country necessitates the study of the main aspects of adaptation in these conditions. The aim is to identify the psychological and pedagogical aspects of adaptation to the educational environment of another country of school-age refugee children. The research included the use of surveys, questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ), analysis of official information sources. The research found that the studied 203 children relocated to other countries have high rates of adaptation to the educational environment. Their performance indicators improved, high satisfaction with school, teachers, and relationships with classmates was revealed. The SDQ found a low overall level of adjustment difficulties (M=16.3, SD=1.9). The study showed that, in general, displaced Ukrainian children have high rates of adaptation to the educational space of other countries. They are emotionally stable, sociable, moderately hyperactive, have no behavioural disorders, and have high prosocial behaviour. The obtained results can contribute to the development of a programme to support Ukrainian children of immigrants to the educational environment of other countries, which will contribute to their psychological and pedagogical adaptation to it.

Technologies are rapidly transforming the field of journalism. The phenomenon of convergence has long become the norm, and the term text in the media includes not only the verbal component, but also photos, videos, audio, graphics - that is, it represents a creolized text. One of the challenges of our time has become artificial intelligence. Many of its potential capabilities (video or audio generation) are at the beginning of their development at the time of writing this article. However, illustration generation is no longer just worth paying attention to, but is becoming a significant competitor for photographers, designers, and artists. The aim is to demonstrate this process using the example of the most flexible part of the professional journalistic community - freelance journalists, as it is shown in the article that they are often the first to introduce innovations into their activities. Within the framework of the research, several surveys were conducted involving 281 respondents and a comparative analysis of the situation in full-time and freelance journalism was carried out. Although the number of journalists who have completely replaced photo banks with neural network illustration generation may seem insignificant (3 and 8%, respectively), the general dynamics of this process is shown, which, ultimately, is unlikely to lead to a complete replacement of creative professions by artificial intelligence, but, quite possibly, will only leave the best of its representatives.

Adaptation of students to learning conditions remains an urgent issue for physiology, since it affects the formation of professional skills and a positive attitude towards the chosen speciality. Psychophysiological development during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood under the influence of the learning process has been investigated insufficiently. The purpose of this article was to study the physiological and psychological parameters of female students in secondary vocational education by analysing the characteristics of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and mental functions, as well as identifying their possible correlation with academic performance. Materials and methods. The research involved 76 female students (first- and third-year) following secondary vocational education programmes at the Borisoglebsk Branch of Voronezh State University. These years were chosen since they are the most indicative in terms of the adaptation process in students. The mean age of first-year students (n = 40) was 15.95 ± 0.04 years, third-year students (n = 36), 18.33 ± 0.11 years. Anthropometric, physiometric, psychological, statistical, and analytical methods were applied. Results. Most of the physiological and psychological parameters of the subjects stayed withing the norm. Thus, all the female students have satisfactory adaptation. Statistically significant differences in a number of parameters between first- and third-year students were identified. In all of the subjects, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (sympathicotonia) was found to be predominant. Auditory span, working efficiency, selective attention, and attention span in third-year female students were shown to be higher than in their first-year counterparts. In first-year female students, academic performance is only associated with attention parameters, while in third-year female students, it is associated with cardiovascular as well as memory and attention parameters.

Extracellular brain space contains water, dissolved ions, and multiple other signaling molecules. The neural extracellular matrix (ECM) is also a significant component of the extracellular space. The ECM is synthesized by neurons, astrocytes, and other types of cells. Hyaluronan, a hyaluronic acid polymer, is a key component of the ECM. The functions of hyaluronan include barrier functions and signaling. In this article, we investigate physiological processes during the acute phase of enzymatic ECM removal. We found that hyaluronidase, an ECM removal agent, triggers simultaneous membrane depolarization and sharp calcium influx into neurons. Spontaneous action potential firing frequency increased rapidly after ECM destruction in interneurons, but not pyramidal neurons. Hyaluronidase-dependent calcium entry can be blocked by a selective antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, revealing these receptors as the main player in the observed phenomenon. Additionally, we demonstrate increased NMDA-dependent long-term potentiation at CA3-to-CA1 synapses during the acute phase of ECM removal. These findings suggest that hyaluronan is a significant synaptic player.

The management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains largely unresolved due to our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the pathology and the challenges in accurately phenotyping this heterogeneous syndrome. A paradigm shift is required to personalise care and unify our approaches to HFpEF patients for future clinical trials. Accordingly, we propose a staging classification for HFpEF based on the identification of the involved cardiac chambers by echocardiography.

This research discusses issues related to hydrogen production, a promising source of “green” energy. Various methods of hydrogen production are considered, along with a new technology for hydrogen synthesis in natural gas reservoirs that has never been implemented before. At the same time, existing published experimental studies indicate a high probability of hydrogen synthesis when steam is injected into oil reservoirs. However, considering that oil is the primary raw material for hydrogen generation, there is high uncertainty about the success of the process in natural gas fields in the absence of residual oil. The experimental study presented in this work aims to justify the possibility of hydrogen synthesis under conditions of a natural gas reservoir. Specially designed reactors filled with different models of porous media, including the rock of a real gas field, are used for the physical modeling of the process. The process simulates injecting steam into a preheated porous medium mixed with hydrocarbon gas, specifically methane, at a reservoir pressure of 80 atm. The main variable parameters, aside from the type of porous medium, are the temperature and the steam-tomethane ratio in the system. The article presents the results of a series of nine experiments. The gas products were analyzed using a gas chromatograph. At the same time, the properties of rock samples were investigated after each experiment. The results of the experiments reveal patterns of concentration of hydrogen produced depending on the parameters, indicating the high potential of hydrogen synthesis technology under reservoir conditions in natural gas fields.

The purpose of this study was to identify neurophysiological differences in information processing by the brain during passive reading and semantic categorization of individual words within a phrase. Materials and methods. The research involved 25 natural science students of Nizhny Novgorod universities. In the course of the experiment, the subjects were presented with word combinations consisting of an attribute and a noun on a computer monitor. In the first series of presentations, the task was to classify the attribute (target condition) and read the noun (non-target condition), in the second, to classify the noun and read the attribute. This allowed us to assess the restructuring of information processing when changing the task within a phrase, as well as to compare the processing of the word in the first and second positions in the target and non-target conditions. Using the 21-channel Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM electroencephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia), event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained during the response to presented stimuli were recorded. Results. No differences were observed in attribute processing between the target and non-target conditions when tasks changed. For nouns, differences were revealed in ERP components between the target and non-target conditions. There was a more pronounced peak of the P200 component, a less pronounced peak of the N400 and a late negative wave of the N700 component during the categorization of nouns compared to their passive reading. Thus, when performing different tasks within a phrase, the brain changes the nature of verbal information processing, which is manifested in strengthening early lexical access, followed by the facilitation of lexico-semantic processing and activation of cognitive control mechanisms at the latest stages during the categorization of the second word in a phrase (noun) compared to its passive reading.

The study of breeding material was carried out at two points of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Omsk ARC”, namely the department of northern agriculture, located in the subtaiga zone and on the experimental fields of the seed production department in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region. The weather conditions and soils of the experimental plots varied in temperature, precipitation, and soil fertility during the testing years. Field trials were carried out in 2017–2022 to identify highly productive spring common wheat varieties that have a complex of adaptively valuable properties and traits for cultivation in the subtaiga and forest-steppe zones of the Omsk region. As a result of breeding work, there has been developed the variety ‘Tarskaya Yubileinaya’ (Lutescens 70/06-4), characterized by a complex of economically valuable traits. In 2019 the variety was sent to the State Variety Testing, and in 2023 it was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. The variety is middle-early with the vegetation period of 86 days and highly productive with a mean productivity of 4.41 t/ha through the years of study and the maximum of 6.09 t/ha that exceeds the yields of the standard variety ‘Pamyati Azieva’ by 1.26 t/ha (НСР05 = 0.35 t/ha). There has been established that the variety ‘Tarskaya Yubileinaya’ has high potential productivity due to the optimal combination of the yield elements (‘number of grains per ear’, ‘1000-grain weight’, ‘number of productive stems’), and has high lodging and drought resistance. There have been established the parameters of the ecological adaptability of the new variety (linear regression coefficient bi = 1.39, stability indicator (σd 2 = 0.21). The variety has shown high yield at the SVU of the Omsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main components of the commercial value of the variety ‘Tarskaya Yubileinaya’ are high and stable productivity, resistance to leaf diseases and grain quality at the level of valuable wheat.

Newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has been widely implemented to enable early detection and intervention. Trisomy 21, commonly known as Down syndrome (DS), poses unique challenges in NBS due to its frequent association with T and/or B cell lymphopenia. The pilot NBS screening program recently conducted in Russia was aimed to identify both severe T and B cell deficiencies by measuring TREC and KREC. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of DS in newborns who participated in the pilot program, assess their TREC and KREC values, and determine the proportion of DS newborns potentially identifiable through T/B lymphopenia NBS. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data obtained during the pilot NBS program, involving 202,908 newborns from eight regions of Russia. The study identified 157 patients with trisomy 21 among the screened cohort, resulting in a DS birth prevalence of 1:1,284. Median TREC and KREC values did not significantly differ between full-term and pre-term subgroups of DS patients. TREC values in DS newborns were decreased and comparable to those of the extremely preterm newborns. DS newborns also demonstrated significant differences in KREC values as compared to the general cohort regardless of gestational age. Our data suggests abnormalities of T- and B-cell lineages development and requires further investigation. This article highlights the need for increased awareness of the intrinsic immunological defects associated with DS. The findings underscore the importance of continued follow-up and comprehensive support by healthcare teams for individuals with DS.

The article provides the results of testing 13 soft spring wheat variety samples of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk ASC" in the competitive variety testing nursery in 2020–2022. According to the ripeness groups, characteristics is given according to phenotypic traits, resistance to leaf diseases and grain quality. Variety samples have been identified based on yield, stability factor (S.F.) and yield range (d), with weaker variability (CV), which exceed standards and are characterized by the highest level of realization of productivity potential. In medium-ripeness group the following variety samples have been selected: Lutescens 83/14-3, Lutescens 205/12-5, in mid-late maturity group – Lutescens 15/16-17, which ensure the formation of a consistently high grain yield, grain quality, and resistance to fungal pathogens, regardless of the environmental conditions. The parameters of ecological plasticity of variety samples according to grain yield were determined and the most adaptive ones in this set were identified – Lutescens 83/14-3 (bi =1.16, Sd2 = 0.02) and Lutescens 205/12-5 (bi = 1.09, Sd2 = 0.03). The obtained research results made it possible to transfer the cultivars ‘Omskaya krepost` 2’ (Lutescens 205/12-5) and ‘Omskaya krepost` 5’ (Lutescens 83/14-3) to the state variety testing. Using the PCR method, a genetic profile of the transferred cultivars was obtained using certain DNA markers.

Background. Medium chain triglycerides are absorbed and metabolized faster than long-chain fatty acids, as they bypass the steps necessary for the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. So, they use in various malabsorptive disorders as a source of calories.Objectives. Retrospectively evaluate the clinical effectiveness of nutrition supplements (a fat emulsion consisting of medium chain triglycerides), used by patient with cyctic fibrosis.Materials and methods. 39 children with cyctic fibrosis aged 1-17 years were observed at Morozovskaya Children's Clinical Hospital. WHO-Anthro and WHO-Anthro Plus were used to determine their nutritional status.Results. At the beginning of the study, all patients with cyctic fibrosis had a body mass index < 25th percentile. The median percentile of body mass index was 7,8. 0% of patients had a Z-score body mass index > 0.25,6% of patients had a Z-score body mass index from 0 to –1. 51,3% of patients had a Z-score body mass index from –1 to –2.23% of patients had a Z-score body mass index < -2. At the end of the study, 28% of patients with cyctic fibrosis had a body mass index > 25th percentile. The median percentile of body mass index was 16,1. 18% of patients had a Z-score body mass index > 0.38,4% of patients had a Z-score body mass index from 0 to –1.25,6% of patients had a Z-score body mass index from –1 to –2, 18% of patients had a Z-score body mass index < –2.Conclusion. The use medium chain triglycerides could improve nutritional status and alleviate steatorrhea in patient with cyctic fibrosis.

Introduction: The problem of infertility treatment currently has medical, socio-demographic and economic significance. Progress in the field of reproductive technologies has improved the situation, but the issue has not yet been completely resolved. Infertility is diagnosed in 8-12% of couples of reproductive age; in Russia this figure exceeds 15%, and, according to WHO, it is a critical level. It is known that immunological factors can disrupt the reproductive process at the stages of folliculogenesis, ovulation, and implantation. These include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and others. The aim of this study: to assess the levels of VEGF and TNF-α in women with different outcomes of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries during the treatment of infertility using ART methods. Materials and methods: Based on voluntary informed consent, a simple open comparative randomized study was conducted with the participation of 71 women in the Volgograd region undergoing infertility treatment using ART methods. Inclusion criteria were the age up to 42 years inclusive and the anti-Mullerian hormone level over 1.2 ng/mL. Before ovulation stimulation with gonadotropins, data on ovarian reserve parameters were collected. Based on the results of stimulation, women were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 – with high and normal ovarian response – 10 or more oocytes were obtained (control group); Group 2 – with suboptimal ovarian response – 5-9 oocytes received; Group 3 – with a poor response – 4 or less oocytes were received. After venipuncture, which was performed in preparation for standard anesthesia, VEGF and TNF-α were quantitatively determined in the blood plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The study results showed a statistically significant difference in VEGF levels in follicular fluid and serum between the groups of women with high/normal, suboptimal and poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation. A higher level of this marker was observed in the serum of patients with high/normal and poor response – 48.15±4.23 and 41.29±8.26 pg/mL, respectively, while in women with a suboptimal response a lower VEGF level was determined –29.19±3.41 pg/mL. The levels of VEGF in the follicular fluid of women included in the high/normal, suboptimal and poor response groups were 35.95±3.20; 27.42±2.53 and 41.22±3.23 pg/mL, respectively (Table 1). As for TNF-α, its serum level in women with a high and normal response was lower than in the patients with a suboptimal response. In the follicular fluid of patients of group 3, there was a higher level of TNF-α, compared to groups 1 and 2, where the indicator was almost the same. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Thus, VEGF is directly involved in the mechanisms of regulation of oocyte maturation and can be not only a marker of poor ovarian response, but also a predictor of unsatisfactory results of ovarian stimulation in the treatment of infertility using ART methods. TNF-alpha in follicular fluid does not have a statistically significant effect on follicle development in the treatment of infertility using assisted reproductive technologies.

Background. Acute flaccid paralysis is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden onset of weakness in one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs. This condition may be a manifestation of such pathologies as Guillain-Barré syndrome and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Clinical cases description. We describe two clinical cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome in patient M., 7 years old, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in patient D., 3 years old. In both children, the main clinical manifestation was acute flaccid paralysis. Patient M. was admitted to the Neurological Department of the Moscow Regional Center for Maternity and Childhood Protection with complaints of sharp pronounced weakness in the limbs, inability to walk. According to the disease history, the patient had an acute respiratory viral infection in October 2022. The conducted neurologic examination revealed decreased muscle tone and muscle strength in all limbs, absence of reflexes from the lower limbs. A liquor test was conducted, which revealed increased protein contents. Electroneuromyography detected a pronounced axonal lesion of all motor fibers in the arms and legs. The formulated diagnosis was “Guillain-Barré syndrome, variant of acute motor axonal neuropathy.” The treatment with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins showed positive dynamics. In the second case, patient D. was admitted to the Pediatric Infectious Disease Department of Naro-Fominsk Hospital with similar complaints of sharp weakness in the limbs. Neurological examination showed a diffuse decrease in muscle tone, absence of reflexes from all limbs. Elevated protein contents were determined in the liquor. MRI of the cervical spinal cord showed myelitis of segments C3–C7. Negative antibodies to aquaporin-4 were found. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone, methylprednisolone, and plasmapheresis. Then he was transferred to the Neurological Department of the Moscow Regional Center for Maternity and Childhood Protection, where a repeated MRI of the cervicothoracic spinal cord revealed, in addition to myelitis at the level of C3–C7, a lesion of segments from the level of C2 to the medulla oblongata. The formulated diagnosis was “Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, seronegative form. Flaccid tetraparesis.” The continued treatment with prednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin produced positive effect. Conclusion. The presented clinical cases will help neurologists to improve timely diagnosis and treatment of causes of acute flaccid paralysis in children, thereby reducing possible complications, disability, and mortality.

The part of the life cycle concerning the vectors of avian haemosporidians of the genus Haemoproteus remains only partially studied. This work presents the results of capturing and analyzing female Culicoides biting midges for Haemoproteus infection, collected on the Curonian Spit of the Baltic Sea. The midges were collected from April to August 2023 in dry and wet habitats of the Spit using light traps. Each parous female midge was identified to the species level and then its salivary glands were isolated to prepare a thin smear. The preparation was examined under a light microscope for the presence of parasite stages infecting the birds (sporozoites). PCR analysis was also conducted to assess the prevalence of infection in the midges and the genetic diversity of Haemoproteus spp. among vectors on the Curonian Spit. As a result, 995 Culicoides females belonging to 12 species were collected over the course of 4 months. The highest number of midges was recorded in June. The dominant species were Culicoides kibunensis and Culicoides pictipennis. Molecular analysis showed that 2.71% (n = 27) of the examined individuals contained DNA of Haemoproteus spp. Parasites were found in midges of C. pictipennis, C. kibunensis, C. segnis, C. obsoletus, C. punctatus, C. reconditus, C. festivipennis, and C. pallidicornis from May 15 to July 13. The DNA of the identified parasites belonged to six genetic lineages of Haemoproteus—Haemoproteus parabelopolskyi hSYAT02, H. asymmetricus hTUPHI01, H. minutus hTURDUS2, H. spp. hBRAM1, hHAWF6, and hHIICT1. Sporozoites of H. parabelopolskyi hSYAT02 were detected in two individuals of C. pictipennis and one of C. kibunensis. Thus, taking into account the previous results of other studies, we have assumed that these two midge species are competent vectors for Haemoproteus parasites on the Curonian Spit.

Newsreels, short documentary news films, were an influential channel of mass communication and propaganda in the Soviet Union. They served as an important means of visualizing the world for audiences in the way the Soviet authorities wanted it to be depicted. Studies in Soviet visual culture have recognized both continuities of repeating patterns and changes in the post-World War II period. This understanding is based primarily on temporally limited source selections, while a more systematic study of the developments in Soviet visual culture over a longer period is pending. In this article, we reveal long-term continuities, subtle changes, and sudden shifts in the official visual discourse in the Soviet newsreel series ‘Novosti dnia’ (News of the Day) 1945 to 1992. We study visual patterns in approximately 1,700 digitized newsreel issues, each about ten minutes long, using multidimensional vector embeddings. These embeddings, produced from the central frames of 205,678 shots, help visually evaluate the footage and assess visual similarities based on ResNet50 feature vectors. For this, we use the _Collection Space Navigator_ tool. The article demonstrates how multidimensional vector embeddings can be used to study the internal time of the films, and the external time of the years running by.

Over the last few decades, there have been several generations that can be called “digital”. While older people may not ignore traditional media, younger generations receive information mainly or completely from the internet and new media. These new media platforms are not only means of mass media and communication, but also a convenient tool for propaganda, which is used by their users themselves. In the era of digital media, users are no longer only objects but also subjects. One of the most controversial topics of 2021 was the problem of vaccination against COVID-19. Representatives of the mass audience were instantly divided into “vaccinated” and “COVID dissidents.” Using the Telegram discussion chat of the Ural Federal University as an example of this phenomenon, the authors analyze propaganda methods used by both sides in this kind of confrontation. As research methods, we used content analysis of chat messages, as well as a survey of its participants. Many participants in the chat discussion accused each other of propaganda. Therefore, we decided to find out whether the propaganda was really obvious to the majority of subscribers, and what type of propaganda (coming from vaccination supporters or opponents) was noticed by the subscribers. Vaccination against the coronavirus infection remains a highly debatable issue that needs to be addressed. We show that an open and honest discussion, without the use of propaganda methods, is required to build confidence when addressing any forms and methods of mass vaccination in modern social practice.

Experiments on comparative assessment of effectiveness of bioagents to control the most significant fungal diseases were carried out on crops of potato breeding line in the Zernograd district, Rostov region. Biofungicide Metabakterin, WP based on Methylobacterium extorquens NVD VKM B-2879D + Validamycin Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. limoneus VKPM AC-1966 + Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-2918 IPM 215 and biofungicide Vitaplan based on Bacillus subtilis , strain VKM-B-2604D + Bacillus subtilis , strain VKM-B-2605D were studied in the research. The results showed that Metabakterin, WP at the rate of 80 g/ha was the most effective for control of early blight, late blight, fusarium dry rot and rhizoctonia canker on potatoes, while protection period of the biofungicide against these fungal diseases ranged from 19 to 27 days. It was noted that application rate of 80 g/ha of Metabakterin, WP provided the maximum increase in potato yield.

Abstract Background Many organisms rely on mineral nutrients taken directly from the soil or aquatic environment, and therefore, developed mechanisms to cope with the limitation of a given essential nutrient. For example, photosynthetic cells have well-defined responses to phosphate limitation, including the replacement of cellular membrane phospholipids with non-phosphorous lipids. Under phosphate starvation, phospholipids in extraplastidial membranes are replaced by betaine lipids in microalgae. In higher plants, the synthesis of betaine lipid is lost, driving plants to other strategies to cope with phosphate starvation where they replace their phospholipids by glycolipids. Results The aim of this work was to evaluate to what extent betaine lipids and PC lipids share physicochemical properties and could substitute for each other. By neutron diffraction experiments and dynamic molecular simulation of two synthetic lipids, the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and the dipalmitoyl-diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DP-DGTS), we found that DP-DGTS bilayers are thicker than DPPC bilayers and therefore are more rigid. Furthermore, DP-DGTS bilayers are more repulsive, especially at long range, maybe due to unexpected unscreened electrostatic contribution. Finally, DP-DGTS bilayers could coexist in the gel and fluid phases. Conclusion The different properties and hydration responses of PC and DGTS provide an explanation for the diversity of betaine lipids observed in marine organisms and for their disappearance in seed plants.