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3. Comprehensive Study of Radon Progeny Attachment to Surfaces

Author

Chernyak, D., Howell, J., Majumdar, D., Mukherjee, N., Nusair, O., and Piepke, A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Low energy, low rate experiments, such as searches for neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter, require unprecedentedly low levels of background in order to deliver their full science potential. $^{210}$Po driven, neutron induced background, caused by nuclear $(\alpha, n)$-reactions on low-Z materials, direct background contributions of the $^{210}$Po $\alpha$-radiation and desorption of the $^{210}$Pb progeny $^{210}$Bi from surfaces into the detector medium are of particular of concern. These backgrounds depend on details of the components' exposure to radon-loaded lab air and, thus, their handling history. The attachment rates of airborne radon progeny to surfaces, needed for the estimation of these background rates, are poorly understood. This article reports the results of a campaign comprising of more than 1200 attachment measurements, performed for 9 different materials. Correlations of the attachment with environmental parameters such as air exchange rate, electrical surface potential, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity have been studied and found to be significant only in case of the first two. Attachment modelling, using the Jacobi model, is compared to data.

Published
2023
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7. Intracellular anti-leishmanial effect of Spergulin-A, a triterpenoid saponin of Glinus oppositifolius

Author

Banerjee S, Mukherjee N, Gajbhiye RL, Mishra S, Jaisankar P, Datta S, and Das Saha K

Subjects
Visceral leishmaniasis, Glinus oppositifolius, Spergulin-A, Macrophage, Immunostimulation, Anti-amastigote, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Saswati Banerjee,1,* Niladri Mukherjee,1,* Rahul L Gajbhiye,2 Snehasis Mishra,1 Parasuraman Jaisankar,2 Sriparna Datta,3 Krishna Das Saha1 1Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India; 2Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India; 3Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Krishna Das SahaCancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, IndiaTel +91 0 332 499 5810Email krishna@iicb.res.inBackground: Many of present chemotherapeutics are inadequate and also resistant against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an immunosuppressive ailment caused by Leishmania donovani. Despite the interest in plant-based drug development, no antileishmanial drugs from plant source are currently available. Glinus oppositifolius had been reported in favor of being immune modulators along with other traditional uses. Novel anti-VL therapies can rely on host immune-modulation with associated leishmanicidal action.Objective: Discovery of novel plant-based antileishmanial compound from G. oppositifolius having permissible side effects.Methods: With this rationale, an n-BuOH fraction of the methanolic extract of the plant and obtained triterpenoid saponin Spergulin-A were evaluated against acellular and intracellular L. donovani. Immunostimulatory activity of them was confirmed by elevated TNF-α and extracellular NO production from treated MФs and was found nontoxic to the host cells. Identification and structure confirmation for isolated Spergulin-A was performed by ESI-MS,13C, and 1H NMR.Results: Spergulin-A was found ineffective against the acellular forms while, against the intracellular parasites at 30 μg/mL, the reduction was 92.6% after 72 hrs. Spergulin-A enhanced ROS and nitric oxide (NO) release and changes in Gp91-phox, i-NOS, and pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines elaborated its intracellular anti-leishmanial activity.Conclusion: The results supported that G. oppositifolius and Spergulin-A can potentiate new lead molecules for the development of alternative drugs against VL.Keywords: visceral leishmaniasis, Glinus oppositifolius, spergulin-A, macrophage, immunostimulation, anti-amastigote

Published
2019

8. Braneworld black holes in cosmology and astrophysics

Author

Majumdar, A. S. and Mukherjee, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The braneworld description of our universe entails a large extra dimension and a fundamental scale of gravity that might be lower by several orders of magnitude compared to the Planck scale. An interesting consequence of the braneworld scenario is in the nature of spherically symmetric vacuum solutions to the brane gravitational field equations which could represent black holes with properties quite distinct compared to ordinary black holes in 4-dimensions. We discuss certain key features of some braneworld black hole geometries. Such black holes are likely to have diverse cosmological and astrophysical ramifications. The cosmological evolution of primordial braneworld black holes is described highlighting their longevity due to modified evaporation and effective accretion of radiation during the early braneworld high energy era. Observational abundance of various evaporation products of the black holes at different eras impose constraints on their initial mass fraction. Surviving primordial black holes could be candidates of dark matter present in galactic haloes. We discuss gravitational lensing by braneworld black holes. Observables related to the relativistic images of strong field gravitational lensing could in principle be used to distinguish between different braneworld black hole metrics in future observations., Comment: Latex, 35 pages, Review article published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (uses stylefile ws-ijmpd.cls); typos corrected; references added

Published
2005
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12. Impacts of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on ENSO in the GEOS seasonal-to-subseasonal forecasting system

Author

Aquila, Valentina, Baldwin, C, Mukherjee, N, Hackert, E, Li, F, Molod, A, Marshak, J, and Pawson, S

Subjects
Geosciences (General)
Abstract

The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 introduced a perturbation of the Earth's global energy budget by increasing the stratospheric aerosol loading by an order of magnitude, with effects on the global climate. In this presentation we analyze the effects of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption on the seasonal forecast performed with Goddard Earth Observing System Seasonal-to Subseasonal (GEOS-S2S) system, an Earth System Model that includes an interactive ocean and a bulk aerosol model coupled to radiation. We performed 10-member ensembles for the year after the eruption (June 1991-May 1992) at ~0.5 horizontal resolution, with and without the inclusion of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. In GEOS-S2S, the eruption leads to ta strengthening of El Nino peaking in January 1992. The strengthening is mainly due to the weakening of the trade winds, which is caused by a attening of the temperature gradient across the Pacic due to a differential response to the volcanic forcing between the central and eastern Pacic (ocean-dynamical thermostat). This response largely depends on the assumed size for the volcanic aerosols. Indeed, we performed simulations assuming a volcanic aerosol effective radius of 0.35 m (similar to tropospheric aerosol, and the default in GEOS) and 0.6 m (closer to observations of volcanic aerosol from Pinatubo-sized eruptions). We nd that in the latter case the tropical radiative forcing is lower, since smaller aerosols scatter shortwave radiation more eciently than larger ones. Accordingly, the impact on ENSO is not statistically signicant when a larger and more realistic particle radius is assumed.

Published
2019

14. Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Author

Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Anderson, C.B., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Christie, M., González-Jiménez, D., Martin, A., Raymond, C.M., Termansen, M., Vatn, A., Athayde, S., Baptiste, B., Barton, D.N., Jacobs, S., Kelemen, E., Kumar, R., Lazos, E., Mwampamba, T.H., Nakangu, B., O’Farrell, P., Subramanian, S.M., van Noordwijk, M., Ahn, S.E., Amaruzaman, S., Amin, A.M., Arias-Arévalo, P., Arroyo-Robles, G., Cantú-Fernández, M., Castro, A.J., Contreras, V., De Vos, A., Dendoncker, N., Engel, S., Eser, U., Faith, D.P., Filyushkina, A., Ghazi, H., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Gould, R.K., Guibrunet, L., Gundimeda, H., Hahn, T., Harmáčková, Z.V., Hernández-Blanco, M., Horcea-Milcu, A.I., Huambachano, M., Wicher, N.L.H., Aydın, C.I., Islar, M., Koessler, A.K., Kenter, J.O., Kosmus, M., Lee, H., Leimona, B., Lele, S., Lenzi, D., Lliso, B., Mannetti, L.M., Merçon, J., Monroy-Sais, A.S., Mukherjee, N., Muraca, B., Muradian, R., Murali, R., Nelson, S.H., Nemogá-Soto, G.R., Ngouhouo-Poufoun, J., Niamir, A., Nuesiri, E., Nyumba, T.O., Özkaynak, B., Palomo, I., Pandit, R., Pawłowska-Mainville, A., Porter-Bolland, L., Quaas, M., Rode, J., Rozzi, R., Sachdeva, S., Samakov, A., Schaafsma, M., Sitas, N., Ungar, P., Yiu, E., Yoshida, Y., Zent, E., Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Anderson, C.B., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Christie, M., González-Jiménez, D., Martin, A., Raymond, C.M., Termansen, M., Vatn, A., Athayde, S., Baptiste, B., Barton, D.N., Jacobs, S., Kelemen, E., Kumar, R., Lazos, E., Mwampamba, T.H., Nakangu, B., O’Farrell, P., Subramanian, S.M., van Noordwijk, M., Ahn, S.E., Amaruzaman, S., Amin, A.M., Arias-Arévalo, P., Arroyo-Robles, G., Cantú-Fernández, M., Castro, A.J., Contreras, V., De Vos, A., Dendoncker, N., Engel, S., Eser, U., Faith, D.P., Filyushkina, A., Ghazi, H., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Gould, R.K., Guibrunet, L., Gundimeda, H., Hahn, T., Harmáčková, Z.V., Hernández-Blanco, M., Horcea-Milcu, A.I., Huambachano, M., Wicher, N.L.H., Aydın, C.I., Islar, M., Koessler, A.K., Kenter, J.O., Kosmus, M., Lee, H., Leimona, B., Lele, S., Lenzi, D., Lliso, B., Mannetti, L.M., Merçon, J., Monroy-Sais, A.S., Mukherjee, N., Muraca, B., Muradian, R., Murali, R., Nelson, S.H., Nemogá-Soto, G.R., Ngouhouo-Poufoun, J., Niamir, A., Nuesiri, E., Nyumba, T.O., Özkaynak, B., Palomo, I., Pandit, R., Pawłowska-Mainville, A., Porter-Bolland, L., Quaas, M., Rode, J., Rozzi, R., Sachdeva, S., Samakov, A., Schaafsma, M., Sitas, N., Ungar, P., Yiu, E., Yoshida, Y., and Zent, E.

Abstract

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)5 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals6, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature7. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change8, pandemic emergence9 and socio-environmental injustices10. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions7,11. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures. © 2023, The Author(s).

Published
2023

17. Identifying opportunities to deliver effective and efficient outcomes from business-biodiversity action

Author

White, TB, Mukherjee, N, Petrovan, SO, Sutherland, WJ, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Impact mitigation, ESG, business-biodiversity, Geography, Planning and Development, Business-biodiversity, Cost-effectiveness, evidence-based decision making, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, impact mitigation, cost-effectiveness, CESG, Evidence-based decision making
Abstract

Data Availability: The data that has been used is confidential. Supporting information The interview guide (S1), thematic framework (S2), research information document (S3), prior informed consent form (S4), information on how the research met qualitative research transparency criteria (S5), expanded tables of quotes (S6) and an observational standpoint (S7) are included in the supporting information: supplementary material is available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901122003720?via%3Dihub#sec0115 . Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Business-biodiversity action is increasingly seen as critical for delivering conservation goals, but such action needs to be effective. Using detailed semi-structured interviews with leading business-biodiversity professionals and consultants we aimed to understand the actions currently taken and why, how actions are decided upon, and current challenges that hinder effective, efficient action. The scale and type of action varied by sector, driven largely by the risks (reputational, financial) of inaction. Cost-effectiveness was important to businesses, but the limited quantification of the economic consequences of biodiversity action hindered uptake. Indirect evidence sources were generally used to guide decision-making including using expert consultants, guidance, standards or certifications. Acquiring better evidence of cost-effectiveness, particularly if embedded within these indirect sources, could improve practice. A diverse set of challenges emerged that impeded business engagement with biodiversity, effective decision-making, and action implementation. We discuss opportunities to address them and thus improve the effectiveness of business-biodiversity action. The work was completed as part of T.B.W’s PhD funded by the Balfour Studentship, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge. W.J.S & S.O.P's research received funding from The David and Claudia Harding Foundation, MAVA, the A. G. Leventis Foundation, and Arcadi.

Published
2022

22. S146: VENETOCLAX IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA WITH 17P DELETION: 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP AND GENOMIC ANALYSES IN A PIVOTAL PHASE 2 TRIAL

Author

Stilgenbauer, S., primary, Tausch, E., additional, Roberts, A. W., additional, Davids, M. S., additional, Eichhorst, B., additional, Hallek, M., additional, Hillmen, P., additional, Schneider, C., additional, Böttcher, S., additional, Popovic, R., additional, Ghanim, M. T., additional, Moran, M., additional, Sinai, W. J., additional, Wang, X., additional, Mukherjee, N., additional, Chyla, B., additional, Wierda, W. G., additional, and Seymour, J. F., additional

Published
2022
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24. List of contributors

Author

Amato, S.F., primary, Desai, K., additional, Ezzell, R., additional, Kulinets, I., additional, Mukherjee, N., additional, Scarborough, N., additional, Stevens, K.G., additional, Tarabah, F., additional, Teysseyre, P., additional, Tobin, J.J., additional, and Wong, J.L., additional

Published
2015
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32. Fishers who rely on mangroves: Modelling and mapping the global intensity of mangrove-associated fisheries

Author

zu Ermgassen, P.S.E., Mukherjee, N., Worthington, T.A., Acosta, A., da Rocha Araujo, A.R., Beitl, C.M., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Cunha-Lignon, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Diele, K., Parrett, C.L., Dwyer, P.G., Gair, J.R., Johnson, A.F., Kuguru, B., Savio Lobo, A., Loneragan, N.R., Longley-Wood, K., Mendonça, J.T., Meynecke, J-O., Mandal, R.N., Munga, C.N., Reguero, B.G., Rönnbäck, P., Thorley, J., Wolff, M., Spalding, M., zu Ermgassen, P.S.E., Mukherjee, N., Worthington, T.A., Acosta, A., da Rocha Araujo, A.R., Beitl, C.M., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Cunha-Lignon, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Diele, K., Parrett, C.L., Dwyer, P.G., Gair, J.R., Johnson, A.F., Kuguru, B., Savio Lobo, A., Loneragan, N.R., Longley-Wood, K., Mendonça, J.T., Meynecke, J-O., Mandal, R.N., Munga, C.N., Reguero, B.G., Rönnbäck, P., Thorley, J., Wolff, M., and Spalding, M.

Abstract

Mangroves are critical nursery habitats for fish and invertebrates, providing livelihoods for many coastal communities. Despite their importance, there is currently no estimate of the number of fishers engaged in mangrove associated fisheries, nor of the fishing intensity associated with mangroves at a global scale. We address these gaps by developing a global model of mangrove associated fisher numbers and mangrove fishing intensity. To develop the model, we undertook a three-round Delphi process with mangrove fisheries experts to identify the key drivers of mangrove fishing intensity. We then developed a conceptual model of intensity of mangrove fishing using those factors identified both as being important and for which appropriate global data could be found or developed. These factors were non-urban population, distance to market, distance to mangroves and other fishing grounds, and storm events. By projecting this conceptual model using geospatial datasets, we were able to estimate the number and distribution of mangrove associated fishers and the intensity of fishing in mangroves. We estimate there are 4.1 million mangrove associated fishers globally, with the highest number of mangrove fishers found in Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Brazil. Mangrove fishing intensity was greatest throughout Asia, and to a lesser extent West and Central Africa, and Central and South America.

Published
2021

33. Training future generations to deliver evidence‐based conservation and ecosystem management

Author

Downey, H, Amano, T, Cadotte, M, Cook, CN, Cooke, SJ, Haddaway, NR, Jones, JPG, Littlewood, N, Walsh, JC, Abrahams, MI, Adum, G, Akasaka, M, Alves, JA, Antwis, RE, Arellano, EC, Axmacher, J, Barclay, H, Batty, L, Benítez‐López, A, Bennett, JR, Berg, MJ, Bertolino, S, Biggs, D, Bolam, FC, Bray, T, Brook, BW, Bull, JW, Burivalova, Z, Cabeza, M, Chauvenet, ALM, Christie, AP, Cole, L, Cotton, AJ, Cotton, S, Cousins, SAO, Craven, D, Cresswell, W, Cusack, JJ, Dalrymple, SE, Davies, ZG, Diaz, A, Dodd, JA, Felton, A, Fleishman, E, Gardner, CJ, Garside, R, Ghoddousi, A, Gilroy, JJ, Gill, DA, Gill, JA, Glew, L, Grainger, MJ, Grass, AA, Greshon, S, Gundry, J, Hart, T, Hopkins, CR, Howe, C, Johnson, A, Jones, KW, Jordan, NR, Kadoya, T, Kerhoas, D, Koricheva, J, Lee, TM, Lengyel, S, Livingstone, SW, Lyons, A, McCabe, G, Millett, J, Strevens, CM, Moolna, A, Mossman, HL, Mukherjee, N, Muñoz‐Sáez, A, Negrões, N, Norfolk, O, Osawa, T, Papworth, S, Park, KJ, Pellet, J, Phillott, AD, Plotnik, JM, Priatna, D, Ramos, AG, Randall, N, Richards, RM, Ritchie, Euan G, Roberts, DL, Rocha, R, Rodríguez, JP, Sanderson, R, Sasaki, T, Savilaakso, S, Sayer, C, Sekercioglu, C, Senzaki, M, Smith, G, Smith, RJ, Soga, M, Soulsbury, CD, Steer, MD, Stewart, G, Strange, EF, Suggitt, AJ, Thompson, RRJ, Thompson, S, Thornhill, I, Trevelyan, RJ, Usieta, HO, Venter, O, Webber, AD, White, RL, Whittingham, MJ, Wilby, A, Yarnell, RW, Zamora, V, Sutherland, WJ, Downey, H, Amano, T, Cadotte, M, Cook, CN, Cooke, SJ, Haddaway, NR, Jones, JPG, Littlewood, N, Walsh, JC, Abrahams, MI, Adum, G, Akasaka, M, Alves, JA, Antwis, RE, Arellano, EC, Axmacher, J, Barclay, H, Batty, L, Benítez‐López, A, Bennett, JR, Berg, MJ, Bertolino, S, Biggs, D, Bolam, FC, Bray, T, Brook, BW, Bull, JW, Burivalova, Z, Cabeza, M, Chauvenet, ALM, Christie, AP, Cole, L, Cotton, AJ, Cotton, S, Cousins, SAO, Craven, D, Cresswell, W, Cusack, JJ, Dalrymple, SE, Davies, ZG, Diaz, A, Dodd, JA, Felton, A, Fleishman, E, Gardner, CJ, Garside, R, Ghoddousi, A, Gilroy, JJ, Gill, DA, Gill, JA, Glew, L, Grainger, MJ, Grass, AA, Greshon, S, Gundry, J, Hart, T, Hopkins, CR, Howe, C, Johnson, A, Jones, KW, Jordan, NR, Kadoya, T, Kerhoas, D, Koricheva, J, Lee, TM, Lengyel, S, Livingstone, SW, Lyons, A, McCabe, G, Millett, J, Strevens, CM, Moolna, A, Mossman, HL, Mukherjee, N, Muñoz‐Sáez, A, Negrões, N, Norfolk, O, Osawa, T, Papworth, S, Park, KJ, Pellet, J, Phillott, AD, Plotnik, JM, Priatna, D, Ramos, AG, Randall, N, Richards, RM, Ritchie, Euan G, Roberts, DL, Rocha, R, Rodríguez, JP, Sanderson, R, Sasaki, T, Savilaakso, S, Sayer, C, Sekercioglu, C, Senzaki, M, Smith, G, Smith, RJ, Soga, M, Soulsbury, CD, Steer, MD, Stewart, G, Strange, EF, Suggitt, AJ, Thompson, RRJ, Thompson, S, Thornhill, I, Trevelyan, RJ, Usieta, HO, Venter, O, Webber, AD, White, RL, Whittingham, MJ, Wilby, A, Yarnell, RW, Zamora, V, and Sutherland, WJ

Published
2021

37. On compaction utilizing inter and intra-correlation of unknown states

Author

Czysz, D., Mrugalski, G., Mukherjee, N., Rajski, J., and Tyszer, J.

Subjects
Silicon -- Electric properties, Circuit design -- Analysis, Data compression -- Analysis, Circuit designer, Integrated circuit design, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2010

42. Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framewor

Author

Waldron, Anthony, Adams, Vanessa, Allan, James, Arnell, Andy, Asner, Greg, Atkinson, Scott, Baccini, Alessandro, Baillie, Jonathan E.M., Balmford, Andrew, Beau, J. Austin, Brander, Luke, Joppa, Lucas N., Joshi, A. R., Jung, Martin, Kingston, Naomi, Klein, Carissa Joy, Krisztin, Tamas, Lam, Vicky, Leclere, David, Lindsey, Peter, Locke, Harvey, Malmer, Pernilla, Lovejoy, T.C., Madgwick, Philip, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maron, Martine, Mayorga, J., Meijl, Hans van, Miller, Dan, Molnar, Zsolt, Mueller, Nathaniel, Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Katia, Olson, D., Nepal, Prakash, Noss, Reed F., O'Leary, Beth, Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, Paxton, Midori, Popp, Alexander, Possingham, Hugh P., Prestemon, Jeff, Reside, April, Robinson, Catherine, Robinson, John, Sala, Enric, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Scherrer, Kim, Spalding, Mark, Spenceley, Anna, Stehfest, Elke, Strassborg, Bernardo, Sumaila, Rashid U., Swinnerton, Kirsty, Sze, Jocelyne, Tittensor, Derek P., Toivonen, Tuuli, Toledo, Alejandra, Negret Torres, Pablo, Vilela, Thais, Van Zeist, Willem-Jan, Vause, James, Venter, Oscar, Visconti, P., Vynne, Carly, Watson, Reg, Watson, James E.M., Wikramanayake, Eric, Williams, Brooke, Wintle, Brendan A., Woodley, Stephen, Wu, Wenchao, Brondizio, Eduardo, Zander, Kerstin, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Y.P., Bruner, Aaron, Burgess, Neil D., Burkard, K., Butchart, S.H.M., Button, Rio, Carrasco, Roman, Cheung, William W.L., Christensen, Villy, Clements, Andy, Coll, Marta, Di Marco, Moreno, Deguignet, Marine, Dinerstein, Eric, Ellis, Erle, Eppink, Florian, Ervin, Jamison, Escobedo, Anita, Fa, John E., Fernandes-Llamazares, Alvaro, Fernando, Sanjiv, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Garnett, Stephen, Gerber, James, Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Hahn, Nathan, Halpern, Ben, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Havlik, Petr, Heikinheimo, Vuokko, Heneghan, Ryan F., Henry, Ella, Humpenoder, Florian, Jonas, Harry, Jones, Kendall R., European Commission, and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)

Abstract

58 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, The World Economic Forum now ranks biodiversity loss as a top-five risk to the global economy, and the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes an expansion of conservation areas to 30% of the earth’s surface by 2030 (hereafter the “30% target”), using protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). - Two immediate concerns are how much a 30% target might cost and whether it will cause economic losses to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors. - Conservation areas also generate economic benefits (e.g. revenue from nature tourism and ecosystem services), making PAs/Nature an economic sector in their own right. - If some economic sectors benefit but others experience a loss, high-level policy makers need to know the net impact on the wider economy, as well as on individual sectors. [...], A. Waldron, K. Nakamura, J. Sze, T. Vilela, A. Escobedo, P. Negret Torres, R. Button, K. Swinnerton, A. Toledo, P. Madgwick, N. Mukherjee were supported by National Geographic and the Resources Legacy Fund. V. Christensen was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2019-04901. M. Coll and J. Steenbeek were supported by EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 817578 (TRIATLAS). D. Leclere was supported by TradeHub UKRI CGRF project. R. Heneghan was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Acciones de Programacion Conjunta Internacional (PCIN-2017-115). M. di Marco was supported by MIUR Rita Levi Montalcini programme. A. Fernandez-Llamazares was supported by Academy of Finland (grant nr. 311176). S. Fujimori and T. Hawegawa were supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan and the Sumitomo Foundation. V. Heikinheimo was supported by Kone Foundation, Social Media for Conservation project. K. Scherrer was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 682602. U. Rashid Sumaila acknowledges the OceanCanada Partnership, which funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). T. Toivonen was supported by Osk. Huttunen Foundation & Clare Hall college, Cambridge. W. Wu was supported by The Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2-2002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Z. Yuchen was supported by a Ministry of Education of Singapore Research Scholarship Block (RSB) Research Fellowship

Published
2020

43. Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits, and economic implications: Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Author

Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J.E.M., Balmford, A., Beau, J.A., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carasco, R., Cheung, W., Christensen, V., Clements, A., Coll, M., Di Marco, M., Deguignet, M., Dinerstein, E., Ellis, E., Eppink, F., Ervin, J., Escobedo, A., Fa, J., Fernandes-Llamazares, A., Fernando, S., Fujimori, S., Fulton, B., Garnett, S., Gerber, J., Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, T., Hahn, N., Halpern, B., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heikinheimo, V., Heneghan, R., Henry, E., Humpenoder, F., Jonas, H., Jones, K., Joppa, L., Joshi, A.R., Jung, M., Kingston, N., Klein, C., Krisztin, T., Lam, V., Leclere, D., Lindsey, P., Locke, H., Lovejoy, T.E., Madgwick, P., Malhi, Y., Malmer, P., Maron, M., Mayorga, J., van Meijl, H., Miller, D., Molnar, Z., Mueller, N., Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, R., Nakamura, K., Nepal, P., Noss, R.F., O’Leary, B., Olson, D., Palcios Abrantes, J., Paxton, M., Popp, A., Possingham, H., Prestemon, J., Reside, A., Robinson, C., Robinson, J., Sala, E., Scherrer, K., Spalding, M., Spenceley, A., Steenbeck, J., Stehfest, E., Strassborg, B., Sumaila, R., Swinnerton, K., Sze, J., Tittensor, D., Toivonen, T., Toledo, A., Negret Torres, P., van Zeist, W.-J., Vause, J., Venter, O., Vilela, T., Visconti, P., Vynne, C., Watson, R., Watson, J., Wikramanayake, E., Williams, B., Wintle, B., Woodley, S., Wu, W., Zander, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.P., and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Abstract

The World Economic Forum (WEF) and Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have both identified biodiversity loss as one of the main threats to global economic prosperity. In particular, this high-level warning specifies that any further loss of natural habitats and biodiversity will cause extensive and costly flooding, climate change, disease emergence and ill health, clean water shortages, loss of crop pollination, decline in productivity, and numerous other risks. All of these negative outcomes are the consequence of degrading the natural infrastructure that supports human economic activity and wellbeing. One of the main policy instruments to slow the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of nature is the creation of protected or conservation areas (simple examples being a Nature Reserve or Marine Reserve). Currently, ~16% of the land and 7.4% of the ocean is in areas designated or proposed for protection (although only 2.5% of the ocean is in highly/fully protected areas). This level of protection is widely acknowledged as being inadequate to achieve biodiversity protection goals. One of the headline proposals for the 15th meeting of the Conference of Parties to the CBD, and Action Target 2 of the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, is to increase the area covered by protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) to 30% of the planet by 2030, including both land and water protection.

Published
2020

44. The need for transformative changes in the use of Indigenous knowledge along with science for environmental decision‐making in the Arctic

Author

Wheeler, H, Danielsen, F, Fidel, M, Hausner, VH, Horstkotte, Tim, Johnson, N, Lee, O, Mukherjee, N, Amos, A, Ashtorn, H, Ballari, Ø, Wheeler, H, Danielsen, F, Fidel, M, Hausner, VH, Horstkotte, Tim, Johnson, N, Lee, O, Mukherjee, N, Amos, A, Ashtorn, H, and Ballari, Ø

Abstract

1. Recent attention to the role of Indigenous knowledge (IK) in environmental monitoring, research and decision‐making is likely to attract new people to this field of work. 2. Advancing the bringing together of IK and science in a way that is desirable to IK holders can lead to successful and inclusive research and decision‐making. 3. We used the Delphi technique with 18 expert participants who were IK holders or working closely with IK from across the Arctic to examine the drivers of progress and limitations to the use of IK along with science to inform decision‐making related to wildlife, reindeer herding and the environment. We also used this technique to identify participants' experiences of scientists' misconceptions concerning IK. 4. Participants had a strong focus on transformative change relating to the structure of institutions, politics, rights, involvement, power and agency over technical issues advancing or limiting progress (e.g. new technologies and language barriers). 5. Participants identified two modes of desirable research: coproducing knowledge with scientists and autonomous Indigenous‐led research. They highlighted the need for more collaborative and coproduction projects to allow further refinement of approaches and more funding to support autonomous, Indigenous‐led research. 6. Most misconceptions held by scientists concerning IK that were identified by participants related to the spatial, temporal and conceptual scope of IK, and the perceived need to validate IK using Western science. 7. Our research highlights some of the issues that need to be addressed by all participants in research and decision‐making involving IK and science. While exact approaches will need to be tailored to specific social‐ecological contexts, consideration of these broader concerns revealed by our analysis are likely to be central to effective partnerships.

Published
2020
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45. Fishers who rely on mangroves: Modelling and mapping the global intensity of mangrove-associated fisheries

Author

zu Ermgassen, P.S.E., Mukherjee, N., Worthington, T.A., Acosta, A., da Rocha Araujo, A.R., Beitl, C.M., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Cunha-Lignon, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Diele, K., Parrett, C.L., Dwyer, P.G., Gair, J.R., Johnson, A.F., Kuguru, B., Savio Lobo, A., Loneragan, N.R., Longley-Wood, K., Mendonça, J.T., Meynecke, J-O, Mandal, R.N., Munga, C.N., Reguero, B.G., Rönnbäck, P., Thorley, J., Wolff, M., Spalding, M., zu Ermgassen, P.S.E., Mukherjee, N., Worthington, T.A., Acosta, A., da Rocha Araujo, A.R., Beitl, C.M., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Cunha-Lignon, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Diele, K., Parrett, C.L., Dwyer, P.G., Gair, J.R., Johnson, A.F., Kuguru, B., Savio Lobo, A., Loneragan, N.R., Longley-Wood, K., Mendonça, J.T., Meynecke, J-O, Mandal, R.N., Munga, C.N., Reguero, B.G., Rönnbäck, P., Thorley, J., Wolff, M., and Spalding, M.

Abstract

Mangroves are critical nursery habitats for fish and invertebrates, providing livelihoods for many coastal communities. Despite their importance, there is currently no estimate of the number of fishers engaged in mangrove associated fisheries, nor of the fishing intensity associated with mangroves at a global scale. We address these gaps by developing a global model of mangrove associated fisher numbers and mangrove fishing intensity. To develop the model, we undertook a three-round Delphi process with mangrove fisheries experts to identify the key drivers of mangrove fishing intensity. We then developed a conceptual model of intensity of mangrove fishing using those factors identified both as being important and for which appropriate global data could be found or developed. These factors were non-urban population, distance to market, distance to mangroves and other fishing grounds, and storm events. By projecting this conceptual model using geospatial datasets, we were able to estimate the number and distribution of mangrove associated fishers and the intensity of fishing in mangroves. We estimate there are 4.1 million mangrove associated fishers globally, with the highest number of mangrove fishers found in Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Brazil. Mangrove fishing intensity was greatest throughout Asia, and to a lesser extent West and Central Africa, and Central and South America.

Published
2020

46. What do we currently know about the impacts of pesticide and fertiliser use in farmland on the effectiveness of adjacent pollinator conservation measures such as flower strips and hedgerows, and what additional research is needed? : an EKLIPSE Expert Working Group report

Author

Alberoni, D, Alix, A, Dicks, L, Dietzsch, A, Krahner, A, Kroder, S, Leonhardt, S, Mommaerts, V, Mukherjee, N, Pettis, J, Delso, N, Sançana, A, Vanbergen, A, Vasileiadis, V, van der Kooi, C, Villa, S, Whitehorn, P, Wood, T, Woodcock, B, Alberoni, Daniele, Alix, Anne, Dicks, Lynn, Dietzsch, Anke C., Krahner, André, Kroder, Stefan, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Mommaerts, Veerle, Mukherjee, Nibedita, Pettis, Jeffery, Delso, Noa Simon, Sançana, Ana, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasileiadis, Vasileios P., van der Kooi, Casper J., Villa, Sara, Whitehorn, Penelope R., Wood, Thomas, Woodcock, Benjamin, Alberoni, D, Alix, A, Dicks, L, Dietzsch, A, Krahner, A, Kroder, S, Leonhardt, S, Mommaerts, V, Mukherjee, N, Pettis, J, Delso, N, Sançana, A, Vanbergen, A, Vasileiadis, V, van der Kooi, C, Villa, S, Whitehorn, P, Wood, T, Woodcock, B, Alberoni, Daniele, Alix, Anne, Dicks, Lynn, Dietzsch, Anke C., Krahner, André, Kroder, Stefan, Leonhardt, Sara Diana, Mommaerts, Veerle, Mukherjee, Nibedita, Pettis, Jeffery, Delso, Noa Simon, Sançana, Ana, Vanbergen, Adam J., Vasileiadis, Vasileios P., van der Kooi, Casper J., Villa, Sara, Whitehorn, Penelope R., Wood, Thomas, and Woodcock, Benjamin

Abstract

EKLIPSE received a request by Pollinis on the 30th of June 2018, to produce an overview of the current knowledge and research gaps related to the impacts of pesticide and fertilizer use in farmland on the effectiveness of adjacent pollinator conservation measures. The call was answered through a Joint Fact Finding approach, including a workshop on the 9-10th Jan, 2020 at the Helmholtz Association, Brussels. This report documents the preparatory steps leading to the workshop, the deliberations during the workshop, as well as a summary of the main results and conclusions.A team of knowledge-holders, representing various perspectives, sectors and disciplines, was selected and invited to collate and share their trusted sources of knowledge on the topic. These sources could be reports, scientific papers, articles or online resources, and may not have previously been available to all parties. This body of information was evaluated for relevance to produce the preliminary document that was used as a basis for discussions during the workshop in Brussels. The workshop brought together a team of experts from academia, NGOs, beekeeper organisations, industry, and the requester organisation (Pollinis). The participants discussed the key findings from the identified evidence and knowledge gaps during the first day and identified a list of key research needs and policy recommendations during the second day. In addition to the research needs related to specific conservation measures, several cross-cutting themes emerged during the deliberations. The list of knowledge gaps were scored by the participants based on importance, feasibility and policy impact. Finally a list of policy recommendations were produced based on the outputs of the workshop.

Published
2020

47. Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Waldron, Anthony, Adams, Vanessa, Allan, James, Arnell, Andy, Asner, Greg, Atkinson, Scott, Baccini, Alessandro, Baillie, Jonathan E.M., Balmford, Andrew, Beau, J. Austin, Brander, Luke, Di Marco, Moreno, Deguignet, Marine, Dinerstein, Eric, Ellis, Erle, Eppink, Florian, Ervin, Jamison, Escobedo, Anita, Fa, John E., Fernandes-Llamazares, Alvaro, Fernando, Sanjiv, Gerber, James, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Garnett, Stephen, Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Hahn, Nathan, Halpern, Ben, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Havlik, Petr, Heikinheimo, Vuokko, Heneghan, Ryan F., Henry, Ella, Joppa, Lucas N., Humpenoder, Florian, Jonas, Harry, Jones, Kendall R., Joshi, A. R., Jung, Martin, Kingston, Naomi, Klein, Carissa Joy, Krisztin, Tamas, Lam, Vicky, Leclere, David, Lindsey, Peter, Locke, Harvey, Malmer, Pernilla, Lovejoy, T.C., Madgwick, Philip, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maron, Martine, Mayorga, J., Meijl, Hans van, Miller, Dan, Molnár, Zsolt, Mueller, Nathaniel, Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Katia, Olson, D., Nepal, Prakash, Noss, Reed F., O'Leary, Bethan, Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, Paxton, Midori, Popp, Alexander, Possingham, Hugh P., Prestemon, Jeff, Reside, April, Robinson, Catherine, Robinson, John, Sala, Enric, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Scherrer, Kim, Spalding, Mark, Spenceley, Anna, Stehfest, Elke, Strassborg, Bernardo, Sumaila, Rashid U., Swinnerton, Kirsty, Sze, Jocelyne, Tittensor, Derek P., Toivonen, Tuuli, Toledo, Alejandra, Negret Torres, Pablo, Vilela, Thais, Van Zeist, Willem-Jan, Vause, James, Venter, Oscar, Visconti, P., Vynne, Carly, Watson, Reg, Watson, James E.M., Wikramanayake, Eric, Williams, Brooke, Wintle, Brendan A., Woodley, Stephen, Wu, Wenchao, Brondizio, Eduardo, Zander, Kerstin, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Y.P., Bruner, Aaron, Burgess, Neil D., Burkard, K., Butchart, S.H.M., Button, Rio, Carrasco, Roman, Cheung, William W.L., Christensen, Villy, Clements, Andy, Coll, Marta, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Waldron, Anthony, Adams, Vanessa, Allan, James, Arnell, Andy, Asner, Greg, Atkinson, Scott, Baccini, Alessandro, Baillie, Jonathan E.M., Balmford, Andrew, Beau, J. Austin, Brander, Luke, Di Marco, Moreno, Deguignet, Marine, Dinerstein, Eric, Ellis, Erle, Eppink, Florian, Ervin, Jamison, Escobedo, Anita, Fa, John E., Fernandes-Llamazares, Alvaro, Fernando, Sanjiv, Gerber, James, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Garnett, Stephen, Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, Trisha, Hahn, Nathan, Halpern, Ben, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Havlik, Petr, Heikinheimo, Vuokko, Heneghan, Ryan F., Henry, Ella, Joppa, Lucas N., Humpenoder, Florian, Jonas, Harry, Jones, Kendall R., Joshi, A. R., Jung, Martin, Kingston, Naomi, Klein, Carissa Joy, Krisztin, Tamas, Lam, Vicky, Leclere, David, Lindsey, Peter, Locke, Harvey, Malmer, Pernilla, Lovejoy, T.C., Madgwick, Philip, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maron, Martine, Mayorga, J., Meijl, Hans van, Miller, Dan, Molnár, Zsolt, Mueller, Nathaniel, Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Katia, Olson, D., Nepal, Prakash, Noss, Reed F., O'Leary, Bethan, Palacios-Abrantes, Juliano, Paxton, Midori, Popp, Alexander, Possingham, Hugh P., Prestemon, Jeff, Reside, April, Robinson, Catherine, Robinson, John, Sala, Enric, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Scherrer, Kim, Spalding, Mark, Spenceley, Anna, Stehfest, Elke, Strassborg, Bernardo, Sumaila, Rashid U., Swinnerton, Kirsty, Sze, Jocelyne, Tittensor, Derek P., Toivonen, Tuuli, Toledo, Alejandra, Negret Torres, Pablo, Vilela, Thais, Van Zeist, Willem-Jan, Vause, James, Venter, Oscar, Visconti, P., Vynne, Carly, Watson, Reg, Watson, James E.M., Wikramanayake, Eric, Williams, Brooke, Wintle, Brendan A., Woodley, Stephen, Wu, Wenchao, Brondizio, Eduardo, Zander, Kerstin, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Y.P., Bruner, Aaron, Burgess, Neil D., Burkard, K., Butchart, S.H.M., Button, Rio, Carrasco, Roman, Cheung, William W.L., Christensen, Villy, Clements, Andy, and Coll, Marta

Abstract

The World Economic Forum now ranks biodiversity loss as a top-five risk to the global economy, and the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework proposes an expansion of conservation areas to 30% of the earth’s surface by 2030 (hereafter the “30% target”), using protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). - Two immediate concerns are how much a 30% target might cost and whether it will cause economic losses to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors. - Conservation areas also generate economic benefits (e.g. revenue from nature tourism and ecosystem services), making PAs/Nature an economic sector in their own right. - If some economic sectors benefit but others experience a loss, high-level policy makers need to know the net impact on the wider economy, as well as on individual sectors. [...]

Published
2020

48. Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications

Author

Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Asner, G., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J., Balmford, A., Austin Beau, J., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carrasco, R., Cheung, W., Christensen, V., Clements, A., Coll, M., di Marco, M., Deguignet, M., Dinerstein, E., Ellis, E., Eppink, F., Ervin, J., Escobedo, A., Fa, J., Fernandes-Llamazares, A., Fernando, S., Fujimori, S., Fulton, B., Garnett, S., Gerber, J., Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, T., Hahn, N., Halpern, B., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heikinheimo, V., Heneghan, R., Henry, E., Humpenoder, F., Jonas, H., Jones, K., Joppa, L., Joshi, A., Jung, M., Kingston, N., Klein, C., Krisztin, T., Lam, V., Leclere, D., Lindsey, P., Locke, H., Lovejoy, T., Madgwick, P., Malhi, Y., Malmer, P., Maron, M., Mayorga, J., van Meijl, H., Miller, D., Molnar, Z., Mueller, N., Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, R., Nakamura, K., Nepal, P., Noss, R., O’Leary, B., Olson, D., Palcios Abrantes, J., Paxton, M., Popp, A., Possingham, H., Prestemon, J., Reside, A., Robinson, C., Robinson, J., Sala, E., Scherrer, K., Spalding, M., Spenceley, A., Steenbeck, J., Stehfest, E., Strassborg, B., Sumaila, R., Swinnerton, K., Sze, J., Tittensor, D., Toivonen, T., Toledo, A., Negret Torres, P., Van Zeist, W., Vause, J., Venter, O., Vilela, T., Visconti, P., Vynne, C., Watson, R., Watson, J., Wikramanayake, E., Williams, B., Wintle, B., Woodley, S., Wu, W., Zander, K., Zhang, Y., Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Asner, G., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J., Balmford, A., Austin Beau, J., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carrasco, R., Cheung, W., Christensen, V., Clements, A., Coll, M., di Marco, M., Deguignet, M., Dinerstein, E., Ellis, E., Eppink, F., Ervin, J., Escobedo, A., Fa, J., Fernandes-Llamazares, A., Fernando, S., Fujimori, S., Fulton, B., Garnett, S., Gerber, J., Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, T., Hahn, N., Halpern, B., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heikinheimo, V., Heneghan, R., Henry, E., Humpenoder, F., Jonas, H., Jones, K., Joppa, L., Joshi, A., Jung, M., Kingston, N., Klein, C., Krisztin, T., Lam, V., Leclere, D., Lindsey, P., Locke, H., Lovejoy, T., Madgwick, P., Malhi, Y., Malmer, P., Maron, M., Mayorga, J., van Meijl, H., Miller, D., Molnar, Z., Mueller, N., Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, R., Nakamura, K., Nepal, P., Noss, R., O’Leary, B., Olson, D., Palcios Abrantes, J., Paxton, M., Popp, A., Possingham, H., Prestemon, J., Reside, A., Robinson, C., Robinson, J., Sala, E., Scherrer, K., Spalding, M., Spenceley, A., Steenbeck, J., Stehfest, E., Strassborg, B., Sumaila, R., Swinnerton, K., Sze, J., Tittensor, D., Toivonen, T., Toledo, A., Negret Torres, P., Van Zeist, W., Vause, J., Venter, O., Vilela, T., Visconti, P., Vynne, C., Watson, R., Watson, J., Wikramanayake, E., Williams, B., Wintle, B., Woodley, S., Wu, W., Zander, K., and Zhang, Y.

Abstract

Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Published
2020

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