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Syrphid identification keys that cover all life cycle stages of the taxonomy are insufficient, and there are problems with the morphological identification of these flies. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used for molecular identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. The study examined the effectiveness of COI in identifying 18 specimens containing 13 agriculturally important species of syrphids collected from different geo-climatic regions of West Bengal. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BA) trees, which were almost congruent. Barcodes were generated for Dasysyrphus orsua and Eristalinus polychromata for the first time. This is the first study to use the COI for barcoding ecologically and agriculturally relevant syrphid flies from eastern India and their phylogeny. The findings contribute to the basic understanding of the diversity of syrphids across West Bengal and the molecular characterization of hoverflies, promoting their conservation and thus leading to the augmentation of crops. © 2024 Association for Advancement of Entomology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication, from the beginning of life on Earth, has been the only way to express feelings between creatures. Slowly it developed with the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Human Communication has been changing till now, matching with the time, environment and the upgradation of social and communication instruments. In different society, the ethics of communication is different as it is set to match the standards of the particular society. Ethics, in communication, continues to change as the standards of different social and communication institutions change. From the start of the new century, we have been getting familiar with a new world, new environment - the virtual world. With the development and reach of high speed internet, the usage of social networking sites has been increased. People started to make friends and chat with them for hours. There is a paradigm or a specific framework of communication for a specific society as it has been going on for years. A large number of people already know how to communicate in such a society. All the conventional media know what and how to present to the people. But virtual world is relatively new and a large number of people are yet to be introduced. It is not society or country bound. Therefore, it is difficult to make rules, society wise, for social media. People can easily share or say what they can't on the conventional society. In this article, I tried to compare between conventional social communication ethics and social media communication ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalism is one of the noble professions prevalent in society in the vast majority of the world. The rise of social media over the decade has seen a strong influence on the way in of news reporting and digestion by all parties within journalism, with so called journalists taking on a developed role utilizing social media as both ways to deliver and to promote their works. Several researches have been conducted on what the role that social media plays to journalism, and from the perspective of different aspects within the industry. With the meteoric rise of social media sites such as Orkut, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, people claimed that we are entering to a new era where thoughts can be shared within 140 characters. It is like as if the golden era of Woodward and Bernstein, Edward R. Murrow, and Walter Cronkite is gone a long ago. Although, there has been little in-depth research into what journos themselves actually feel about their professional interaction with social sites. This study investigates the perspectives of the journalists on the effects social media has had on their profession, and on how they perform. Interactivity with the people, and the rise of blogs and bloggers, as well as the journalist's preferences for working with social media, are examined and implemented as part of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]