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Each of the title dis-symmetric di-Schiff base compounds, C15H12Cl2N2O2 (I) and C14H9BrCl2N2O (II), features a central azo-N—N bond connecting two imine groups, each with an E-configuration. One imine bond in each molecule connects to a 2,6-dichlorobenzene substituent while the other links a 2-hydroxyl-3-methoxy-substituted benzene ring in (I) or a 2-hydroxyl-4-bromo benzene ring in (II). Each molecule features an intramolecular hydroxyl-O—H...N(imine) hydrogen bond. The C—N—N—C torsion angles of −151.0 (3)° for (I) and 177.8 (6)° (II) indicates a significant twist in the former. The common feature of the molecular packing is the formation of supramolecular chains. In (I), the linear chains are aligned along the a-axis direction and the molecules are linked by methoxy-C—H...O(methoxy) and chlorobenzene-C—Cl...π(chlorobenzene) interactions. The chain in (II) is also aligned along the a axis but, has a zigzag topology and is sustained by Br...O [3.132 (4) Å] secondary bonding interactions. In each crystal, the chains pack without directional interactions between them. The non-covalent interactions are delineated in the study of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces. Dispersion forces make the most significant contributions to the identified intermolecular interactions in each of (I) and (II).

The X-ray crystal structure of the title phthalazin-1-one derivative, C17H16N2O3S {systematic name: 2-[(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene)sulfonyl]-1,2-dihydrophthalazin-1-one}, features a tetrahedral sulfoxide-S atom, connected to phthalazin-1-one and mesityl residues. The dihedral angle [83.26 (4)°] between the organic substituents is consistent with the molecule having the shape of the letter V. In the crystal, phthalazinone-C6-C—H...O(sulfoxide) and π(phthalazinone-N2C4)–π(phthalazinone-C6) stacking [inter-centroid distance = 3.5474 (9) Å] contacts lead to a linear supramolecular tape along the a-axis direction; tapes assemble without directional interactions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces confirm the importance of the C—H...O and π-stacking interactions but, also H...H and C—H...C contacts. The calculation of the interaction energies indicate the importance of dispersion terms with the greatest energies calculated for the C—H...O and π-stacking interactions.

The crystal and molecular structures of the title organotin dithiocarbamate compounds, [Sn(C6H5)3(C7H10NS2)] (I) and [Sn(C6H5)2(C7H10NS2)2] (II), present very distinct tin atom coordination geometries. In (I), the dithiocarbamate ligand is asymmetrically coordinating with the resulting C3S2 donor set defining a coordination geometry intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal–bipyramidal. In (II), two independent molecules comprise the asymmetric unit, which differ in the conformations of the allyl substituents and in the relative orientations of the tin-bound phenyl rings. The dithiocarbamate ligands in (II) coordinate in an asymmetric mode but the Sn—S bonds are more symmetric than observed in (I). The resulting C2S4 donor set approximates an octahedral coordination geometry with a cis-disposition of the ipso-carbon atoms and with the more tightly bound sulfur atoms approximately trans. The only directional intermolecular contacts in the crystals of (I) and (II) are of the type phenyl-C—H...π(phenyl) and vinylidene-C—H...π(phenyl), respectively, with each leading to a supramolecular chain propagating along the a-axis direction. The calculated Hirshfeld surfaces emphasize the importance of H...H contacts in the crystal of (I), i.e. contributing 62.2% to the overall surface. The only other two significant contacts also involve hydrogen, i.e. C...H/H...C (28.4%) and S...H/H...S (8.6%). Similar observations pertain to the individual molecules of (II), which are clearly distinguishable in their surface contacts, with H...H being clearly dominant (59.9 and 64.9%, respectively) along with C...H/H...C (24.3 and 20.1%) and S...H/H...S (14.4 and 13.6%) contacts. The calculations of energies of interaction suggest dispersive forces make a significant contribution to the stabilization of the crystals. The exception is for the C—H...π contacts in (II) where, in addition to the dispersive contribution, significant contributions are made by the electrostatic forces.

The title hydrazine carbodithioate, C13H18N2OS2, is constructed about a central and almost planar C2N2S2 chromophore (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0263 Å); the terminal methoxybenzene group is close to coplanar with this plane [dihedral angle = 3.92 (11)°]. The n-butyl group has an extended all-trans conformation [torsion angles S—Cm—Cm—Cm = −173.2 (3)° and Cm—Cm—Cm—Cme = 180.0 (4)°; m = methylene and me = methyl]. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation of centrosymmetric eight-membered {...HNCS}2 synthons, as a result of thioamide-N—H...S(thioamide) hydrogen bonds; these are linked via methoxy-C–H...π(methoxybenzene) interactions to form a linear supramolecular chain propagating along the a-axis direction. An analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots point to the significance of H...H (58.4%), S...H/H...S (17.1%), C...H/H...C (8.2%) and O...H/H...O (4.9%) contacts in the packing. The energies of the most significant interactions, i.e. the N—H...S and C—H...π interactions have their most significant contributions from electrostatic and dispersive components, respectively. The energies of two other identified close contacts at close to van der Waals distances, i.e. a thione–sulfur and methoxybenzene–hydrogen contact (occurring within the chains along the a axis) and between methylene-H atoms (occurring between chains to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture), are largely dispersive in nature.

In the title compound, C12H15N3O5S, a trisubstituted thiourea derivative, the central CN2S chromophore is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å) and the pendant hydroxyethyl groups lie to either side of this plane. While to a first approximation the thione-S and carbonyl-O atoms lie to the same side of the molecule, the S—C—N—C torsion angle of −47.8 (2)° indicates a considerable twist. As one of the hydroxyethyl groups is orientated towards the thioamide residue, an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond is formed which leads to an S(7) loop. A further twist in the molecule is indicated by the dihedral angle of 65.87 (7)° between the planes through the CN2S chromophore and the 4-nitrobenzene ring. There is a close match between the experimental and gas-phase, geometry-optimized (DFT) molecular structures. In the crystal, O—H...O and O—H...S hydrogen bonds give rise to supramolecular layers propagating in the ab plane. The connections between layers to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture are of the type C—H...O, C—H...S and nitro-O...π. The nature of the supramolecular association has been further analysed by a study of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces, non-covalent interaction plots and computational chemistry, all of which point to the significant influence and energy of stabilization provided by the conventional hydrogen bonds.

The title homoleptic Schiff base complexes, [M(C14H9Cl2N2O)2], for M = CoII, (I), and CuII, (II), present distinct coordination geometries despite the Schiff base dianion coordinating via the phenolato-O and imine-N atoms in each case. For (I), the coordination geometry is based on a trigonal bipyramid whereas for (II), a square-planar geometry is found (Cu site symmetry \overline{1}). In the crystal of (I), discernible supramolecular layers in the ac plane are sustained by chlorobenzene-C—H...O(coordinated), chlorobenzene-C—H...π(fused-benzene ring) as well as π(fused-benzene, chlorobenzene)–π(chlorobenzene) interactions [inter-centroid separations = 3.6460 (17) and 3.6580 (16) Å, respectively]. The layers inter-digitate along the b-axis direction and are linked by dichlorobenzene-C—H...π(fused-benzene ring) and π–π interactions between fused-benzene rings and between chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid separations = 3.6916 (16) and 3.7968 (19) Å, respectively] . Flat, supramolecular layers are also found in the crystal of (II), being stabilized by π–π interactions formed between fused-benzene rings and between chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid separations = 3.8889 (15) and 3.8889 (15) Å, respectively]; these stack parallel to [10\overline{1}] without directional interactions between them. The analysis of the respective calculated Hirshfeld surfaces indicate diminished roles for H...H contacts [26.2% (I) and 30.5% (II)] owing to significant contributions by Cl...H/H...Cl contacts [25.8% (I) and 24.9% (II)]. Minor contributions by Cl...Cl [2.2%] and Cu...Cl [1.9%] contacts are indicated in the crystals of (I) and (II), respectively. The interaction energies largely arise from dispersion terms; the aforementioned Cu...Cl contact in (II) gives rise to the most stabilizing interaction in the crystal of (II).

The crystal and molecular structures of the title CuII complex, isolated as a dihydrate, [Cu(C21H14N3O3)2]·2H2O, reveals a highly distorted coordination geometry intermediate between square-planar and tetrahedral defined by an N2O2 donor set derived from two mono-anionic bidentate ligands. Furthermore, each six-membered chelate ring adopts an envelope conformation with the Cu atom being the flap. In the crystal, imidazolyl-amine-N—H...O(water), water-O—H...O(coordinated, nitro and water), phenyl-C—H...O(nitro) and π(imidazolyl)–π(nitrobenzene) [inter-centroid distances = 3.7452 (14) and 3.6647 (13) Å] contacts link the components into a supramolecular layer lying parallel to (101). The connections between layers forming a three-dimensional architecture are of the types nitrobenzene-C—H...O(nitro) and phenyl-C—H...π(phenyl). The distorted coordination geometry for the CuII atom is highlighted in an analysis of the Hirshfeld surface calculated for the metal centre alone. The significance of the intermolecular contacts is also revealed in a study of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces; the dominant contacts in the crystal are H...H (41.0%), O...H/H...O (27.1%) and C...H/H...C (19.6%).

In the title tri-substituted thiourea derivative, C13H18N2O3S, the thione-S and carbonyl-O atoms lie, to a first approximation, to the same side of the molecule [the S—C—N—C torsion angle is −49.3 (2)°]. The CN2S plane is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.018 Å) with the hydroxyethyl groups lying to either side of this plane. One hydroxyethyl group is orientated towards the thioamide functionality enabling the formation of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond leading to an S(7) loop. The dihedral angle [72.12 (9)°] between the planes through the CN2S atoms and the 4-tolyl ring indicates the molecule is twisted. The experimental molecular structure is close to the gas-phase, geometry-optimized structure calculated by DFT methods. In the molecular packing, hydroxyl-O—H...O(hydroxyl) and hydroxyl-O—H...S(thione) hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of a supramolecular layer in the ab plane; no directional interactions are found between layers. The influence of the specified supramolecular interactions is apparent in the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces and these are shown to be attractive in non-covalent interaction plots; the interaction energies point to the important stabilization provided by directional O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title Schiff base compound, C14H10Cl2N2O, features an E configuration about each of the C=N imine bonds. Overall, the molecule is approximately planar with the dihedral angle between the central C2N2 residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0371 Å) and the peripheral hydroxybenzene and chlorobenzene rings being 4.9 (3) and 7.5 (3)°, respectively. Nevertheless, a small twist is evident about the central N—N bond [the C—N—N—C torsion angle = −172.7 (2)°]. An intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...N(imine) hydrogen bond closes an S(6) loop. In the crystal, π–π stacking interactions between hydroxy- and chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6939 (13) Å] lead to a helical supramolecular chain propagating along the b-axis direction; the chains pack without directional interactions between them. The calculated Hirshfeld surfaces point to the importance of H...H and Cl...H/H...Cl contacts to the overall surface, each contributing approximately 29% of all contacts. However, of these only Cl...H contacts occur at separations less than the sum of the van der Waals radii. The aforementioned π–π stacking interactions contribute 12.0% to the overall surface contacts. The calculation of the interaction energies in the crystal indicates significant contributions from the dispersion term.

The crystal and molecular structures of the title triorganotin dithiocarbamate, [Sn(C6H5)3(C7H14NS2)], are described. The molecular geometry about the metal atom is highly distorted being based on a C3S tetrahedron as the dithiocarbamate ligand is asymmetrically chelating to the tin centre. The close approach of the second thione-S atom [Sn...S = 2.9264 (4) Å] is largely responsible for the distortion. The molecular packing is almost devoid of directional interactions with only weak phenyl-C—H...C(phenyl) interactions, leading to centrosymmetric dimeric aggregates, being noted. An analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the significance of H...H contacts, which contribute 66.6% of all contacts to the surface, with C...H/H...C [26.8%] and S...H/H...H [6.6%] contacts making up the balance.

The di-substituted acetylene residue in the title compound, C11H11NO3, is capped at either end by di-methylhydroxy and 4-nitrobenzene groups; the nitro substituent is close to co-planar with the ring to which it is attached [dihedral angle = 9.4 (3)°]. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation, via hydroxy-O—H...O(hydroxy) hydrogen bonds, of hexameric clusters about a site of symmetry \overline{3}. The aggregates are sustained by 12-membered {...OH}6 synthons and have the shape of a flattened chair. The clusters are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by benzene-C—H...O(nitro) interactions, involving both nitro-O atoms. The aforementioned interactions are readily identified in the calculated Hirshfeld surface. Computational chemistry indicates there is a significant energy, primarily electrostatic in nature, associated with the hydroxy-O—H...O(hydroxy) hydrogen bonds. Dispersion forces are more important in the other identified but, weaker intermolecular contacts.

The asymmetric unit of the centrosymmetric title salt solvate, 2C17H17F6N2O+· C4H4O42−·CH3CH2OH, (systematic name: 2-{[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl](hydroxy)methyl}piperidin-1-ium butanedioate ethanol monosolvate) comprises two independent cations, with almost superimposable conformations and each approximating the shape of the letter L, a butanedioate dianion with an all-trans conformation and an ethanol solvent molecule. In the crystal, supramolecular chains along the a-axis direction are sustained by charge-assisted hydroxy-O—H...O(carboxylate) and ammonium-N—H...O(carboxylate) hydrogen bonds. These are connected into a layer via C—F...π(pyridyl) contacts and π–π stacking interactions between quinolinyl-C6 and –NC5 rings of the independent cations of the asymmetric unit [inter-centroid separations = 3.6784 (17) and 3.6866 (17) Å]. Layers stack along the c-axis direction with no directional interactions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface reveals the significance of the fluorine atoms in surface contacts. Thus, by far the greatest contribution to the surface contacts, i.e. 41.2%, are of the type F...H/H...F and many of these occur in the inter-layer region. However, these contacts occur at separations beyond the sum of the van der Waals radii for these atoms. It is noted that H...H contacts contribute 29.8% to the overall surface, with smaller contributions from O...H/H...O (14.0%) and F...F (5.7%) contacts.

The title CuII complex, [Cu(C13H11N2OS2)2], features a trans-N2S2 donor set as a result of the CuII atom being located on a crystallographic centre of inversion and being coordinated by thiolate-S and imine-N atoms derived from two dithiocarbazate anions. The resulting geometry is distorted square-planar. In the crystal, π(chelate ring)–π(furyl) [inter-centroid separation = 3.6950 (14) Å and angle of inclination = 5.33 (13)°] and phenyl-C—H...π(phenyl) interactions sustain supramolecular layers lying parallel to (\overline{1}02). The most prominent interactions between layers, as confirmed by an analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface, are phenyl-H...H(phenyl) contacts. Indications for Cu...Cg(furyl) contacts (Cu...Cg = 3.74 Å) were also found. Interaction energy calculations suggest the contacts between molecules are largely dispersive in nature.

The title compound, C15H13BrO2S, comprises three different substituents bound to a central (and chiral) methine-C atom, i.e. (4-bromophenyl)sulfanyl, benzaldehyde and methoxy residues: crystal symmetry generates a racemic mixture. A twist in the molecule is evident about the methine-C—C(carbonyl) bond as evidenced by the O—C—C—O torsion angle of −20.8 (7)°. The dihedral angle between the bromobenzene and phenyl rings is 43.2 (2)°, with the former disposed to lie over the oxygen atoms. The most prominent feature of the packing is the formation of helical supramolecular chains as a result of methyl- and methine-C—H...O(carbonyl) interactions. The chains assemble into a three-dimensional architecture without directional interactions between them. The nature of the weak points of contacts has been probed by a combination of Hirshfeld surface analysis, non-covalent interaction plots and interaction energy calculations. These point to the importance of weaker H...H and C—H...C interactions in the consolidation of the structure.

The crystal and molecular structures of C14H12Cl2, (I), and C14H12Br2, (II), are described. The asymmetric unit of (I) comprises two independent molecules, A and B, each disposed about a centre of inversion. Each molecule approximates mirror symmetry [the Cb—Cb—Ce—Ce torsion angles = −83.46 (19) and 95.17 (17)° for A, and −83.7 (2) and 94.75 (19)° for B; b = benzene and e = ethylene]. By contrast, the molecule in (II) is twisted, as seen in the dihedral angle of 59.29 (11)° between the benzene rings cf. 0° in (I). The molecular packing of (I) features benzene-C—H...π(benzene) and Cl...Cl contacts that lead to an open three-dimensional (3D) architecture that enables twofold 3D–3D interpenetration. The presence of benzene-C—H...π(benzene) and Br...Br contacts in the crystal of (II) consolidate the 3D architecture. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces confirm the influence of the benzene-C—H...π(benzene) and X...X contacts on the molecular packing and show that, to a first approximation, H...H, C...H/H...C and C...X/X...C contacts dominate the packing, each contributing about 30% to the overall surface in each of (I) and (II). The analysis also clearly differentiates between the A and B molecules of (I).

The title compound, 2C14H14N4O·H2O, comprises a neutral molecule containing a central pyrazol-3-one ring flanked by an N-bound phenyl group and a C-bound 5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl group (at positions adjacent to the carbonyl substituent), its zwitterionic tautomer, whereby the N-bound proton of the central ring is now resident on the pendant ring, and a water molecule of crystallization. Besides systematic variations in geometric parameters, the two independent organic molecules have broadly similar conformations, as seen in the dihedral angle between the five-membered rings [9.72 (9)° for the neutral molecule and 3.32 (9)° for the zwitterionic tautomer] and in the dihedral angles between the central and pendant five-membered rings [28.19 (8) and 20.96 (8)° (neutral molecule); 11.33 (9) and 11.81 (9)°]. In the crystal, pyrazolyl-N—H...O(carbonyl) and pyrazolium-N—H...N(pyrazolyl) hydrogen bonds between the independent organic molecules give rise to non-symmetric nine-membered {...HNNH...NC3O} and {...HNN...HNC3O} synthons, which differ in the positions of the N-bound H atoms. These aggregates are connected into a supramolecular layer in the bc plane by water-O—H...N(pyrazolide), water-O—H...O(carbonyl) and pyrazolyl-N—H...O(water) hydrogen bonding. The layers are linked into a three-dimensional architecture by methyl-C—H...π(phenyl) interactions. The different interactions, in particular the weaker contacts, formed by the organic molecules are clearly evident in the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces, and the calculated electrostatic potentials differentiate the tautomers.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H11N3O2S2, comprises two independent molecules (A and B); the crystal structure was determined by employing synchrotron radiation. The molecules exhibit essentially the same features with an almost planar benzothiazole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 and 0.009 Å for A and B, respectively), which forms an inclined dihedral angle with the phenyl ring [28.3 (3) and 29.1 (3)°, respectively]. A difference between the molecules is noted in a twist about the N—S bonds [the C—S—N—N torsion angles = −56.2 (5) and −68.8 (5)°, respectively], which leads to a minor difference in orientation of the phenyl rings. In the molecular packing, A and B are linked into a supramolecular dimer via pairwise hydrazinyl-N—H...N(thiazolyl) hydrogen bonds. Hydrazinyl-N—H...O(sulfonyl) hydrogen bonds between A molecules assemble the dimers into chains along the a-axis direction, while links between centrosymmetrically related B molecules, leading to eight-membered {...HNSO}2 synthons, link the molecules along [001]. The result is an undulating supramolecular layer. Layers stack along the b-axis direction with benzothiazole-C—H...O(sulfonyl) points of contact being evident. The analyses of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces confirm the relevance of the above intermolecular interactions, but also serve to further differentiate the weaker intermolecular interactions formed by the independent molecules, such as π–π interactions. This is also highlighted in distinctive energy frameworks calculated for the individual molecules.

The analysis of atom-to-atom and/or residue-to-residue contacts remains a favoured mode of analysing the molecular packing in crystals. In this contribution, additional tools are highlighted as methods for analysis in order to complement the `crystallographer's tool', PLATON [Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155]. Thus, a brief outline of the procedures and what can be learned by using Crystal Explorer [Spackman & Jayatilaka (2009). CrystEngComm 11, 19–23] is presented. Attention is then directed towards evaluating the nature, i.e. attractive/weakly attractive/repulsive, of specific contacts employing NCIPLOT [Johnson et al. (2010). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 6498–6506]. This is complemented by a discussion of the calculation of energy frameworks utilizing the latest version of Crystal Explorer. All the mentioned programs are free of charge and straightforward to use. More importantly, they complement each other to give a more complete picture of how molecules assemble in molecular crystals.

The title compound, C16H18N2O3, is constructed about a central oxopyridazinyl ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0047 Å), which is connected to an ethylacetate group at the N atom closest to the carbonyl group, and benzyl and methyl groups second furthest and furthest from the carbonyl group, respectively. An approximately orthogonal relationship exists between the oxopyridazinyl ring and the best plane through the ethylacetate group [dihedral angle = 77.48 (3)°]; the latter lies to one side of the central plane [the Nr—Nr—Cm—Cc (r = ring, m = methylene, c = carbonyl) torsion angle being 104.34 (9)°]. In the crystal, both H atoms of the N-bound methylene group form methylene-C—H...O(ring carbonyl) or N(pyridazinyl) interactions, resulting in the formation of a supramolecular tape along the a-axis direction. The tapes are assembled into a three-dimensional architecture by methyl- and phenyl-C—H...O(ring carbonyl) and phenyl-C—H...O(ester carbonyl) interactions. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface indicates the dominance of H...H contacts to the overall surface (i.e. 52.2%). Reflecting other identified points of contact between molecules noted above, O...H/H...O (23.3%), C...H/H...C (14.7%) and N...H/H...N (6.6%) contacts also make significant contributions to the surface.

The asymmetric unit of the centrosymmetric title salt, C17H17F6N2O+·C2Cl3O2−, comprises a single ion-pair. The hydroxy-O and ammonium-N atoms lie to the same side of the cation, a disposition maintained by a charge-assisted ammonium-N—H...O(hydroxy) hydrogen bond [the Oh—Cm—Cm–Na (h = hydroxy, m = methine, a = ammonium) torsion angle is 58.90 (19)°]. The piperidin-1-ium group is approximately perpendicular to the quinolinyl residue [Cq—Cm—Cm–Na (q = quinolinyl) is −178.90 (15)°] so that the cation, to a first approximation, has the shape of the letter L. The most prominent feature of the supramolecular association in the crystal is the formation of chains along the a-axis direction, being stabilized by charge-assisted hydrogen-bonds. Thus, ammonium-N+—H...O−(carboxylate) hydrogen bonds are formed whereby two ammonium cations bridge a pair of carboxylate-O atoms, leading to eight-membered {...O...HNH}2 synthons. The resulting four-ion aggregates are linked into the supramolecular chain via charge-assisted hydroxyl-O—H...O−(carboxylate) hydrogen bonds. The connections between the chains, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, are of the type C—X...π, for X = Cl and F. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the importance of X...H contacts to the surface (X = F, 25.4% and X = Cl, 19.7%) along with a significant contribution from O...H hydrogen-bonds (10.2%). Conversely, H...H contacts, at 12.4%, make a relatively small contribution to the surface.

The title compound, C16H15N5O2, adopts the shape of the letter L with the dihedral angle between the outer pyridyl rings being 78.37 (5)°; the dihedral angles between the central pyrazolyl ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0023 Å) and the methylene-bound pyridyl and methyoxypyridyl rings are 77.68 (5) and 7.84 (10)°, respectively. Intramolecular amide-N—H...N(pyrazolyl) and pyridyl-C—H...O(amide) interactions are evident and these preclude the participation of the amide-N—H and O atoms in intermolecular interactions. The most notable feature of the molecular packing is the formation of linear supramolecular chains aligned along the b-axis direction mediated by weak carbonyl-C=O...π(triazolyl) interactions. An analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces point to the importance of H...H (46.4%), C...H (22.4%), O...H (11.9%) and N...H (11.1%) contacts in the crystal.

The title compound, C12H10N4O, comprises a central 1,2,3-triazole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0030 Å) flanked by N-bound 4-cyanophenyl and C-bound acetyl groups, which make dihedral angles of 54.64 (5) and 6.8 (3)° with the five-membered ring, indicating a twisted molecule. In the crystal, the three-dimensional architecture is sustained by carbonyl-C=O...π(triazoyl), cyano-C[triple-bond]N...π(triazoyl) (these interactions are shown to be attractive based on non-covalent interaction plots) and π–π stacking interactions [intercentroid separation = 3.9242 (9) Å]. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface shows the important contributions made by H...H (35.9%) and N...H (26.2%) contacts to the overall surface, as well as notable contributions by O...H (9.9%), C...H (8.7%), C...C (7.3%) and C...N (7.2%) contacts.

In the racemic title molecular salt, C17H17F6N2O+·C2ClF2O3− (systematic name: 2-{[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl](hydroxy)methyl}piperidin-1-ium chlorodifluoroacetate), the cation, which is protonated at the piperidine N atom, has the shape of the letter, L, with the piperidin-1-ium group being approximately orthogonal to the quinolinyl residue [the Cq—Cm—Cm–Na (q = quinolinyl; m = methine; a = ammonium) torsion angle is 177.79 (18)°]. An intramolecular, charge-assisted ammonium-N—H...O(hydroxyl) hydrogen bond ensures the hydroxy-O and ammonium-N atoms lie to the same side of the molecule [Oh—Cm—Cm—Na (h = hydroxyl) = −59.7 (2)°]. In the crystal, charge-assisted hydroxyl-O—H...O−(carboxylate) and ammonium-N+—H...O−(carboxylate) hydrogen bonds generate a supramolecular chain along [010]; the chain is consolidated by C—H...O interactions. Links between chains to form supramolecular layers are of the type C—Cl...π(quinolinyl-C6) and the layers thus formed stack along the a-axis direction without directional interactions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the dominance of F...H contacts to the surface (40.8%) with significant contributions from F...F (10.5%) and C...F (7.0%) contacts.

The title cluster compound, [Ru3(C19H17PS)(CO)11], comprises a triangle of Ru0 atoms, two of which are bonded to four carbonyl ligands. The third metal atom is bound to three carbonyl ligands and the phosphane-P atom of a dissymmetric phosphane ligand, PPh2(C6H4SMe-4); no Ru...S interactions are observed. The phosphane occupies an equatorial position and its proximity to an Ru—Ru edge results in the elongation of this bond with respect to the others [2.8933 (2) Å cf. 2.8575 (2) and 2.8594 (3) Å]. In the crystal, phenyl-C—H...O(carbonyl) and carbonyl-O...O(carbonyl) [2.817 (2) Å] interactions combine to form a supramolecular chain propagating along [111]; the chains pack without directional interactions between them. The carbonyl-O...O(carbonyl) and other weak contacts have an influence upon the Hirshfeld surfaces with O...H contacts making the greatest contribution, i.e. 37.4% cf. 15.8% for O...O and 15.6% for H...H contacts.

The title compound, C15H13ClO2S, comprises (4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl, benzaldehyde and methoxy residues linked at a chiral methine-C atom (the crystal is racemic). A twist in the methine-C—C(carbonyl) bond [O—C—C—O torsion angle = 19.3 (7)°] leads to a dihedral angle of 22.2 (5)° between the benzaldehyde and methine+methoxy residues. The chlorobenzene ring is folded to lie over the O atoms, with the dihedral angle between the benzene rings being 42.9 (2)°. In the crystal, the carbonyl-O atom accepts two C—H...O interactions with methyl- and methine-C—H atoms being the donors. The result is an helical supramolecular chain aligned along the c axis; chains pack with no directional interactions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface points to the important contributions of weak H...H and C...C contacts to the molecular packing.

The crystal and molecular structures of two triphenyltin dithiocarbamate compounds, viz. [Sn(C6H5)3(C8H16NS2)], (I), and [Sn(C6H5)3(C10H12NS2)], (II), are described. The dithiocarbamate ligand in each molecule coordinates in an asymmetric fashion resulting in heavily distorted tetrahedral C3S coordination geometries for the Sn atoms, with the distortions traced to the close approach of the non-coordinating thione-S atom. The molecular packing in both compounds features C—H...π(Sn-phenyl) interactions. In (I), the donors are Sn-phenyl-C—H groups leading to centrosymmetric aggregates, while in (II), the donors are both Sn-phenyl-C—H and methyl-C—H groups leading to supramolecular chains propagating along the b axis. The identified aggregates assemble into their respective crystals with no directional interactions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces show distinctive patterns, but an overwhelming predominance (>99% in each case) of H...H, C...H/H...C and S...H/H...S contacts on the respective Hirshfeld surface.

In the title compound, C28H34N2O5, the adjacent ester and nitrobenzene substituents are connected via an intramolecular methylene-C—H...π(nitrobenzene) interaction and the molecule approximates to a U-shape. The dihydropyrrole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) is almost co-planar with the carboxylate residue [Cm—N—C1—Oc (m = methine, c = carboxyl) torsion angle = 1.8 (4)°] but is orthogonal to the 4-methoxybenzene ring [dihedral angle = 84.34 (17)°]. In the crystal, methylene-C—H...O(carbonyl) interactions lead to linear supramolecular chains along the b-axis direction, which pack without directional interactions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the importance of weak interatomic H...H, O...H/H...O and C...H/H...C contacts in the crystal.

The crystal and molecular structures of the two title organotin dithiocarbamate compounds, [Sn(C4H9)2(C7H14NO2S2)2], (I), and [Sn(C6H5)3(C5H10NOS2)], (II), are described. Both structures feature asymmetrically bound dithiocarbamate ligands leading to a skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry for the metal atom in (I) and a distorted tetrahedral geometry in (II). The complete molecule of (I) is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis (Sn site symmetry 2). In the crystal of (I), molecules self-assemble into a supramolecular array parallel to (10-1) via methylene-C—H...O(methoxy) interactions. In the crystal of (II), supramolecular dimers are formed via pairs of weak phenyl-C—H...π(phenyl) contacts. In each of (I) and (II), the specified assemblies connect into a three-dimensional architecture without directional interactions between them. Hirshfeld surface analyses confirm the importance of H...H contacts in the molecular packing of each of (I) and (II), and in the case of (I), highlight the importance of short methoxy-H...H(butyl) contacts between layers.

In the title compound, C12H12N2O4, the dihydropyrrole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0049 Å) and is nearly coplanar with the adjacent C2O2 residue [dihedral angle = 4.56 (9)°], which links to the 4-nitrobenzene substituent [dihedral angle = 4.58 (8)°]. The molecule is concave, with the outer rings lying to the same side of the central C2O2 residue and being inclined to each other [dihedral angle = 8.30 (7)°]. In the crystal, supramolecular layers parallel to (10-5) are sustained by nitrobenzene-C—H...O(carbonyl) and pyrrole-C—H...O(nitro) interactions. The layers are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by π(pyrrole)–π(nitrobenzene) stacking [inter-centroid separation = 3.7414 (10) Å] and nitro-O...π(pyrrole) interactions.

Two independent molecules (A and B) comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H21N3O3. The urea moiety is disubstituted with one amine being linked to a phenyl ring, which is twisted out of the plane of the CN2O urea core [dihedral angles = 25.57 (11) (A) and 29.13 (10)° (B)]. The second amine is connected to an imine (E conformation), which is linked in turn to an ethane bridge that links a disubstituted benzene ring. Intramolecular amine-N—H...N(imine) and hydroxyl-O—H...O(methoxy) hydrogen bonds close S(5) loops in each case. The molecules have twisted conformations with the dihedral angles between the outer rings being 38.64 (81) (A) and 48.55 (7)° (B). In the crystal, amide-N—H...O(amide) hydrogen bonds link the molecules A and B via an eight-membered {...HNCO}2 synthon. Further associations between molecules, leading to supramolecular layers in the ac plane, are hydrogen bonds of the type hydroxyl-O—H...N(imine) and phenylamine-N—H...O(methoxy). Connections between layers, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, comprise benzene-C—H...O(hydroxy) interactions. A detailed analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces shows molecules A and B participate in very similar intermolecular interactions and that any variations relate to conformational differences between the molecules.

The title compound, C10H13NOS, is a second monoclinic polymorph (space group P21/c, Z′ = 2) of the previously reported C2/c (Z = 1) polymorph [Tadbuppa & Tiekink (2005). Z. Kristallogr. New Cryst. Struct. 220, 395–396]. Two independent molecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the new polymorph and each of these exists as a thioamide–thione tautomer. In each molecule, the central CNOS chromophore is strictly planar [r.m.s. deviations = 0.0003 and 0.0015 Å] and forms dihedral angles of 6.17 (5) and 20.78 (5)° with the N-bound 3-tolyl rings, thereby representing the major difference between the molecules. The thione-S and thioamide-N—H atoms are syn in each molecule and this facilitates the formation of an eight-membered thioamide {...SCNH}2 synthon between them; the dimeric aggregates are consolidated by pairwise 3-tolyl-C—H...S interactions. In the extended structure, supramolecular layers parallel to (102) are formed via a combination of 3-tolyl-C—H...π(3-tolyl) and weak π–π interactions [inter-centroid distance between 3-tolyl rings = 3.8535 (12) Å]. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces calculated for both polymorphs reveals the near equivalence of one of the independent molecules of the P21/c form to that in the C2/c form.

The title zwitterion, C17H13NO2 (systematic name: 1-{(1E)-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)iminiumyl]methyl}naphthalen-2-olate), features an intramolecular charge-assisted N+—H...O− hydrogen bond. A twist in the molecule is evident around the N—C(hydroxybenzene) bond [C—N—C—C torsion angle = 39.42 (8)°] and is reflected in the dihedral angle of 39.42 (8)° formed between the aromatic regions of the molecule. In the crystal, zigzag supramolecular chains along the a axis are formed by charge-assisted hydroxy-O—H...O(phenoxide) hydrogen bonding. These are connected into a layer in the ab plane by charge-assisted hydroxybenzene-C—H...O(phenoxide) interactions and π–π contacts [inter-centroid distance between naphthyl-C6 rings = 3.4905 (12) Å]. Layers stack along the c axis with no specific interactions between them. The Hirshfeld surface analysis points to the significance C...H contacts between layers.

The title compound, C23H21N3O2, is constructed about an almost planar disubstituted aminourea residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0201 Å), which features an intramolecular amine-N—H...N(imine) hydrogen bond. In the `all-trans' chain connecting this to the terminal methoxybenzene residue, the conformation about each of the imine and ethylene double bonds is E. In the crystal, amide-N—H...O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds connect centrosymmetrically related molecules into dimeric aggregates, which also incorporate ethylene-C—H...O(amide) interactions. The dimers are linked by amine–phenyl-C—H...π(imine–phenyl) and methoxybenzene-C—H...π(amine–phenyl) interactions to generate a three-dimensional network. The importance of C—H...π interactions in the molecular packing is reflected in the relatively high contributions made by C...H/H...C contacts to the Hirshfeld surface, i.e. 31.6%.

In the title cluster complex hexane solvate, [Ru6(C30H32P2)(CO)22]·C6H14, two Ru3(CO)11 fragments are linked by a Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2 bridge with the P atoms equatorially disposed with respect to the Ru3 triangle in each case; the hexane solvent molecule is statistically disordered. The Ru...Ru distances span a relatively narrow range, i.e. 2.8378 (4) to 2.8644 (4) Å. The hexyl chain within the bridge has an all-trans conformation. In the molecular packing, C—H...O interactions between cluster molecules, and between cluster and hexane solvent molecules lead to a three-dimensional architecture. In addition, there are a large number of C[triple-bond]O...π(arene) interactions in the crystal. The importance of the carbonyl groups in establishing the packing is emphasized by the contribution of 53.4% to the Hirshfeld surface by O...H/H...O contacts.

In the title compound, [Zn(C4H8NOS2)2(C12H10N4)], the ZnII atom exists within a NS4 donor set defined by two chelating dithiocarbamate ligands and a pyridyl-N atom derived from a terminally bound 4-pyridinealdazine ligand. The distorted coordination geometry tends towards square-pyramidal with the pyridyl-N atom occupying the apical position. In the crystal, hydroxyl-O—H...O(hydroxyl) and hydroxyl-O—H...N(pyridyl) hydrogen-bonding give rise to a supramolecular double-chain along [1-10]; methyl-C—H...π(chelate ring) interactions help to consolidate the chain. The chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via pyridyl-C—H...O(hydroxyl) interactions. In addition to the contacts mentioned above, the Hirshfeld surface analysis points to the significance of relatively weak π–π interactions between pyridyl rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.901 (3) Å].

The title phosphanegold(I) thiolate compound, [Au(C9H9N2O3S)(C21H21P)], is a second monoclinic polymorph (space group P21/c) that complements a previously reported Cc polymorph [Broker & Tiekink (2008). Acta Cryst. E64, m1582]. An SP donor set defines an approximately linear geometry about the gold atom in both forms. The key distinguishing feature between the present structure and the previously reported polymorph rests with the relative disposition of the thiolate ligand. In the title compound, the orientation is such to place the oxygen atom in close contact with the gold atom [Au...O = 2.915 (2) Å], in contrast to the aryl ring in the original polymorph. In the crystal, linear supramolecular chains along the a-axis direction mediated by C–H...π and nitro-O...π interactions are found. These pack with no directional interactions between them. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces for both forms of [Au(C9H9N3O3S)(C21H21P)] indicates quite distinctive interaction profiles relating to the differences in intermolecular contacts found in their respective crystals.

The full molecule of the binuclear title compound, [Cd2Cl2(C6H8O4)(C6H8N2)2(H2O)2], is generated by the application of a centre of inversion located at the middle of the central CH2—CH2 bond of the adipate dianion; the latter chelates a CdII atom at each end. Along with two carboxylate-O atoms, the CdII ion is coordinated by the two N atoms of the chelating benzene-1,2-diamine ligand, a Cl− anion and an aqua ligand to define a distorted octahedral CdClN2O3 coordination geometry with the monodentate ligands being mutually cis. The disparity in the Cd—N bond lengths is related to the relative trans effect exerted by the Cd—O bonds formed by the carboxylate-O and aqua-O atoms. The packing features water-O—H...O(carboxylate) and benzene-1,2-diamine-N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, leading to layers that stack along the a-axis direction. The lack of directional interactions between the layers is confirmed by a Hirshfeld surface analysis.

The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C18H18N3S)2], (I), features two independent but chemically equivalent molecules in the asymmetric unit. In each, the thiosemicarbazonate monoanion coordinates the ZnII atom via the thiolate-S and imine-N atoms, with the resulting N2S2 donor set defining a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The five-membered ZnSCN2 chelate rings adopt distinct conformations in each independent molecule, i.e. one ring is almost planar while the other is twisted about the Zn—S bond. In the crystal, the two molecules comprising the asymmetric unit are linked by amine-N—H...N(imine) and amine-N—H...S(thiolate) hydrogen bonds via an eight-membered heterosynthon, {...HNCN...HNCS}. The dimeric aggregates are further consolidated by benzene-C—H...S(thiolate) interactions and are linked into a zigzag supramolecular chain along the c axis via amine-N—H...S(thiolate) hydrogen bonds. The chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via phenyl-C—H...π(phenyl) and π–π interactions, the latter occurring between chelate and phenyl rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6873 (11) Å]. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces calculated for (I) emphasizes the different interactions formed by the independent molecules in the crystal and the impact of the π–π interactions between chelate and phenyl rings.

The title compound, [Sn(CH3)2(C5H8NOS2)2], has the SnIV atom bound by two methyl groups which lie over the weaker Sn—S bonds formed by two asymmetrically chelating dithiocarbamate ligands so that the coordination geometry is skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing are secondary Sn...S interactions [Sn...S = 3.5654 (7) Å] that lead to centrosymmetric dimers. These are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via methylene-C—H...S and methyl-C—H...O(morpholino) interactions. The Sn...S interactions are clearly evident in the Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title compound along with a number of other intermolecular contacts.

The title organoselenium compound, C19H13ClO3Se {systematic name: 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-2H,3H,4H,5H,6H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-5,6-dione}, has the substituted 2-pyranyl ring in a half-chair conformation with the methylene-C atom bound to the methine-C atom being the flap atom. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic regions of the molecule is 9.96 (9)° and indicates a step-like conformation. An intramolecular Se...O interaction of 2.8122 (13) Å is noted. In the crystal, π–π contacts between naphthyl rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.7213 (12) Å] and between naphthyl and chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.7715 (13) Å], along with C—Cl...π(chlorobenzene) contacts, lead to supramolecular layers parallel to the ab plane, which are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via methylene-C—H...O(carbonyl) interactions. The contributions of these and other weak contacts to the Hirshfeld surface is described.

The SnIV atom in the title diorganotin compound, [Sn(C7H6F)2Cl2(C2H6OS)2], is located on a centre of inversion, resulting in the C2Cl2O2 donor set having an all-trans disposition of like atoms. The coordination geometry approximates an octahedron. The crystal features C—H...F, C—H...Cl and C—H...π interactions, giving rise to a three-dimensional network. The respective influences of the Cl...H/H...Cl and F...H/H...F contacts to the molecular packing are clearly evident from the analysis of the Hirshfeld surface.

The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C10H5BrO2·C14H8O4 [systematic name: 2-bromo-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione–1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione (1/1)], features one molecule of each coformer. The 2-bromonaphthoquinone molecule is almost planar [r.m.s deviation of the 13 non-H atoms = 0.060 Å, with the maximum deviations of 0.093 (1) and 0.099 (1) Å being for the Br atom and a carbonyl-O atom, respectively]. The 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone molecule is planar (r.m.s. deviation for the 18 non-H atoms is 0.022 Å) and features two intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds. Dimeric aggregates of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone molecules assemble through weak intermolecular hydroxy-O—H...O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds. The molecular packing comprises stacks of molecules of 2-bromonaphthoquinone and dimeric assembles of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone with the shortest π–π contact within a stack of 3.5760 (9) Å occurring between the different rings of 2-bromonaphthoquinone molecules. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface reveals the importance of the interactions just indicated but, also the contribution of additional C—H...O contacts as well as C=O...π interactions to the molecular packing.

The title trinuclear compound, [Cu3(C5H8NS2)Cl2(C6H15P)3], has the dithiocarbamate ligand symmetrically chelating one CuI atom and each of the S atoms bridging to another CuI atom. Both chloride ligands are bridging, one being μ3- and the other μ2-bridging. Each Et3P ligand occupies a terminal position. Two of the CuI atoms exist within Cl2PS donor sets and the third is based on a ClPS2 donor set, with each coordination geometry based on a distorted tetrahedron. The constituents defining the core of the molecule, i.e. Cu3Cl2S2, occupy seven corners of a distorted cube. In the crystal, linear supramolecular chains along the c axis are formed via phosphane–methylene-C—H...Cl and pyrrolidine–methylene-C—H...π(chelate) interactions, and these chains pack without directional interactions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface points to the predominance of H atoms at the surface, i.e. contributing 86.6% to the surface, and also highlights the presence of C—H...π(chelate) interactions.

The title isoaltholactone derivative, C13H13NO3, has an NH group in place of the ether-O atom in the five-membered ring of the natural product. The five-membered ring is twisted about the N—C bond linking it to the six-membered ring, which has a half-chair conformation with the O atom connected to the ether-O atom lying above the plane defined by the remaining atoms. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the rings comprising the fused-ring system is 75.10 (8)°. In the crystal, hydroxy-O—H...N(amine) hydrogen bonding sustains linear supramolecular chains along the a axis. Chains are linked into a three-dimensional architecture via amine-N—H...π(phenyl) and phenyl-C—H...O(hydroxy) interactions. The influence of the amine-N—H...π(phenyl) contact on the molecular packing is revealed by an analysis of the Hirshfeld surface.

The title compound, (C6H11)3PS (systematic name: tricyclohexyl-λ5-phosphanethione), is a triclinic (P-1, Z′ = 1) polymorph of the previously reported orthorhombic form (Pnma, Z′ = 1/2) [Kerr et al. (1977). Can. J. Chem. 55, 3081–3085; Reibenspies et al. (1996). Z. Kristallogr. 211, 400]. While conformational differences exist between the non-symmetric molecule in the triclinic polymorph, cf. the mirror-symmetric molecule in the orthorhombic form, these differences are not chemically significant. The major feature of the molecular packing in the triclinic polymorph is the formation of linear chains along the a axis sustained by methine-C—H...S(thione) interactions. The chains pack with no directional interactions between them. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface for both polymorphs indicates a high degree of similarity, being dominated by H...H (ca 90%) and S...H/H...S contacts.

In the anion of the title salt hydrate, H5N2+·C7H5N2O4−·2H2O, the carboxylate and nitro groups lie out of the plane of the benzene ring to which they are bound [dihedral angles = 18.80 (10) and 8.04 (9)°, respectively], and as these groups are conrotatory, the dihedral angle between them is 26.73 (15)°. An intramolecular amino-N—H...O(carboxylate) hydrogen bond is noted. The main feature of the crystal packing is the formation of a supramolecular chain along the b axis, with a zigzag topology, sustained by charge-assisted water-O—H...O(carboxylate) hydrogen bonds and comprising alternating twelve-membered {...OCO...HOH}2 and eight-membered {...O...HOH}2 synthons. Each ammonium-N—H atom forms a charge-assisted hydrogen bond to a water molecule and, in addition, one of these forms a hydrogen bond with a nitro-O atom. The amine-N—H atoms form hydrogen bonds to carboxylate-O and water-O atoms, and the amine N atom accepts a hydrogen bond from an amino-H atom. The hydrogen bonds lead to a three-dimensional architecture. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface highlights the major contribution of O...H/H...O hydrogen bonding to the overall surface, i.e. 46.8%, compared with H...H contacts (32.4%).

In the title isonicotinohydrazide hydrate, C14H12BrN3O2·H2O {systematic name: N′-[(1E)-1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide monohydrate}, the central CN2O region of the organic molecule is planar and the conformation about the imine-C=N bond is E. While an intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...N(imine) hydrogen bond is evident, the dihedral angle between the central residue and the benzene rings is 48.99 (9)°. Overall, the molecule is twisted, as seen in the dihedral angle of 71.79 (6)° between the outer rings. In the crystal, hydrogen-bonding interactions, i.e. hydrazide-N—H...O(water), water-O—H...O(carbonyl) and water-O—H...N(pyridyl), lead to supramolecular ribbons along the a-axis direction. Connections between these, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, are mediated by Br...Br halogen bonding [3.5366 (3) Å], pyridyl-C—H...O(carbonyl) as well as weak π–π interactions [inter-centroid separation between benzene rings = 3.9315 (12) Å]. The Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals the importance of hydrogen atoms in the supramolecular connectivity as well as the influence of the Br...Br halogen bonding.

The title diorganotin compound, [Sn(CH3)2(C28H32N2O4)], features a distorted SnC2NO2 coordination geometry almost intermediate between ideal trigonal–bipyramidal and square-pyramidal. The dianionic Schiff base ligand coordinates in a tridentate fashion via two alkoxide O and hydrazinyl N atoms; an intramolecular hydroxy-O—H...N(hydrazinyl) hydrogen bond is noted. The alkoxy chain has an all-trans conformation, and to the first approximation, the molecule has local mirror symmetry relating the two Sn-bound methyl groups. Supramolecular layers sustained by imine-C—H...O(hydroxy), π–π [between decyloxy-substituted benzene rings with an inter-centroid separation of 3.7724 (13) Å], C—H...π(arene) and C—H...π(chelate ring) interactions are formed in the crystal; layers stack along the c axis with no directional interactions between them. The presence of C—H...π(chelate ring) interactions in the crystal is clearly evident from an analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface.

The title compound, [Cd2(C8H8NS2)4], is a centrosymmetric dimer with both chelating and μ2-tridentate dithiocarbamate ligands. The resulting S5 donor set defines a CdII coordination geometry intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal–bipyramidal, but tending towards the former. The packing features C—H...S and C—H...π interactions, which generate a three-dimensional network. The influence of these interactions, along with intra-dimer π–π interactions between chelate rings, has been investigated by an analysis of the Hirshfeld surface.

The complete molecule of the title hydrazine carbodithioate complex, [Ni(C19H21N2S2)2], is generated by the application of a centre of inversion. The NiII atom is N,S-chelated by two hydrazinecarbodithioate ligands, which provide a trans-N2S2 donor set that defines a distorted square-planar geometry. The conformation of the five-membered chelate ring is an envelope with the NiII atom being the flap atom. In the crystal, p-tolyl-C—H...π(benzene-iPr), iPr-C—H...π(p-tolyl) and π–π interactions [between p-tolyl rings with inter-centroid distance = 3.8051 (12) Å] help to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the importance of H-atom contacts in establishing the packing.