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2. Association of BMI, lipid-lowering medication, and age with prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a worldwide cross-sectional study

Author

Elshorbagy, Amany, Lyons, Alexander R.M., Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Stevens, Christophe A.T., Dharmayat, Kanika I., Brandts, Julia, Catapano, Alberico L., Freiberger, Tomas, Hovingh, G. Kees, Mata, Pedro, Raal, Frederick J., Santos, Raul D., Soran, Handrean, Watts, Gerald F., Abifadel, Marianne, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Alhabib, Khalid F., Alkhnifsawi, Mutaz, Almahmeed, Wael, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, Ashavaid, Tester F., Banach, Maciej, Binder, Christoph J., Bourbon, Mafalda, Brunham, Liam R., Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Cruz, Diogo, Davletov, Kairat, Descamps, Olivier S., Ezhov, Marat, Gaita, Dan, Groselj, Urh, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Holven, Kirsten B., Kayikcioglu, Meral, Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Lalic, Katarina, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Lima-Martinez, Marcos M., Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, Marais, A. David, März, Winfried, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Miserez, André R., Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Panayiotou, Andrie G., Paragh, György, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Reyes, Ximena, Sadiq, Fouzia, Sadoh, Wilson E., Schunkert, Heribert, Shek, Aleksandr B., Stroes, Erik, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, Susekov, Andrey V., Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Truong, Thanh-Huong, Tselepis, Alexandros D., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Vázquez, Alejandra C., Viigimaa, Margus, Vohnout, Branislav, Wang, Luya, Yamashita, Shizuya, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Schreier, Laura, Pang, Jing, Ebenbichler, Christoph, Dieplinger, Hans, Innerhofer, Reinhold, Winhofer-Stöckl, Yvonne, Greber-Platzer, Susanne, Krychtiuk, Konstantin, Speidl, Walter, Toplak, Hermann, Widhalm, Kurt, Stulnig, Thomas, Huber, Kurt, Höllerl, Florian, Rega-Kaun, Gersina, Kleemann, Lucas, Mäser, Martin, Scholl-Bürgi, Sabine, Säly, Christoph, Mayer, Florian J., Sperone, Alexandra, Tanghe, Chloé, Gérard, Anne-Catherine, Pojskic, Lamija, Sisic, Ibrahim, Durak Nalbantic, Azra, Ejubovic, Malik, Jannes, Cinthia E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Krieger, Jose E., Petrov, Ivo, Goudev, Assen, Nikolov, Fedya, Tisheva, Snejana, Yotov, Yoto, Tzvetkov, Ivajlo, Baass, Alexis, Bergeron, Jean, Bernard, Sophie, Brisson, Diane, Cermakova, Lubomira, Couture, Patrick, Francis, Gordon A., Gaudet, Daniel, Hegele, Robert A., Khoury, Etienne, Mancini, G.B. John, McCrindle, Brian W., Paquette, Martine, Ruel, Isabelle, Iatan, Iulia, Cuevas, Ada, Wang, Xumin, Meng, Kang, Song, Xiantao, Yong, Qiang, Jiang, Tao, Liu, Ziyou, Duan, Yanyu, Hong, Jing, Ye, Pucong, Chen, Yan, Qi, Jianguang, Liu, Zesen, Li, Yuntao, Zhang, Chaoyi, Peng, Jie, Yang, Ya, Yu, Wei, Wang, Qian, Yuan, Hui, Cheng, Shitong, Jiang, Long, Chong, Mei, Jiao, Jian, Wu, Yue, Wen, Wenhui, Xu, Liyuan, Zhang, Ruiying, Qu, Yichen, He, Jianxun, Fan, Xuesong, Wang, Zhenjia, Chow, Elaine, Pećin, Ivan, Perica, Dražen, Symeonides, Phivos, Vrablik, Michal, Ceska, Richard, Soska, Vladimir, Tichy, Lukas, Adamkova, Vera, Franekova, Jana, Cifkova, Renata, Kraml, Pavel, Vonaskova, Katerina, Cepova, Jana, Dusejovska, Magdalena, Pavlickova, Lenka, Blaha, Vladimir, Rosolova, Hana, Nussbaumerova, Barbora, Cibulka, Roman, Vaverkova, Helena, Cibickova, Lubica, Krejsova, Zdenka, Rehouskova, Katerina, Malina, Pavel, Budikova, Milena, Palanova, Vaclava, Solcova, Lucie, Lubasova, Alena, Podzimkova, Helena, Bujdak, Juraj, Vesely, Jiri, Jordanova, Marta, Salek, Tomas, Urbanek, Robin, Zemek, Stanislav, Lacko, Jan, Halamkova, Hana, Machacova, Sona, Mala, Sarka, Cubova, Eva, Valoskova, Katerina, Burda, Lukas, Benn, Marianne, Bendary, Ahmed, Daoud, Ihab, Emil, Sameh, Elbahry, Atef, Rafla, Samir, Sanad, Osama, Kazamel, Ghada, Ashraf, Dr Mohamed, Sobhy, Mohamed, El-Hadidy, Amro, Shafy, Mohamed Abdoul, Kamal, Saif, Bendary, Mohamed, Talviste, Grete, Christmann, Jutta, Dressel, Alexander, Fath, Felix, Ferraro, Chiara, Frenzke, Lydia, Gopon, Alica, Klein, Isabel, Pienkowska, Dominika, Sietmann, Tobias, Sonntag, Antonia, Adjan, Omar, Bahrmann, Philipp, Baessler, Andrea, Barkowski, Rasmus, Beckerdjian, Raffi, Berr, Christina, Birkenfeld, Andreas, Böll, Gereon, Carstensen, Avisha, Demuth, Ilya, Finkernagel, Holger, Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, Hahmann, Harry, Hamerle, Michael, Halder, Julian, Heide, Maria, Julius, Ulrich, Kassner, Ursula, Katzmann, Julius L, Kirschbaum, Anja, Klose, Gerald, Könemann, Stephanie, König, Christel, König, Wolfgang, Krämer, Bernhard, Kuprat, Gerrit, Koschker, Ann-Cathrin, Kilic, Özlem, Lindenmeier, Gerd, Van de Loo, Iris, Lorenz, Babette, Lorenz, Elke, Löhr, Birgit, McChord, Johanna, Maslarska, Mariya, Methe, Heiko, Merkel, Martin, Moussaoui, Zineb, Müller-Kozarez, Irina, Olivier, Christoph B, Ong, Peter, Otte, Britta, Parhofer, Klaus, Partsch, Carl-Joachim, Paulus, Michael, Pehlivanli, Sinan, Pflederer, Tobias, Pusl, Thomas, Richter, Veronika, Rosner, Stefanie, Sanin, Veronika, Schäfer, Sebastian, Schäfer, Christoph, Schatz, Ulrike, Schirmer, Stephan, Schmidt, Christine, Seeger, Wolfgang, Sisovic, Snezna, Spens, Antje, Jablonski, Ksenija Stach, Stadelmann, Alexander, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Stürzebecher, Paulina, Tafelmeier, Maria, Tillack, Dörthe, Tselmin, Sergey, Tünnemann-Tarr, Adrienn, Vogt, Anja, Beckerath, Jens von, Wilke, Andreas, Wolf, Ulrich, Zemmrich, Claudia, Rizos, Christos V., Skoumas, Ioannis, Tziomalos, Konstantinos, Rallidis, Loukianos, Kotsis, Vasileios, Doumas, Michalis, Athyros, Vasileios, Skalidis, Emmanouil, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kolovou, Vana, Garoufi, Anastasia, Bilianou, Eleni, Koutagiar, Iosif, Kiouri, Estela, Antza, Christina, Zacharis, Evangelos, Attilakos, Achilleas, Sfikas, George, Koumaras, Charalambos, Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Anastasiou, Georgia, Liamis, George, Koutsogianni, Amalia-Despoina, Petkou, Ermioni, Milionis, Haralambos, Koulouri, Anastasia, Prodromiadou, Elisavet, Karányi, Zsolt, Harangi, Mariann, Bajnok, László, Audikovszky, Mária, Márk, László, Benczúr, Béla, Reiber, István, Nagy, Gergely, Nagy, András, Reddy, Lakshmi Lavanya, Shah, Swarup A. V, Ponde, Chandrashekhar K., Dalal, Jamshed J., Sawhney, Jitendra P.S., Verma, Ishwar C., Altaey, Mays, Al-Jumaily, Khalid, Rasul, Dilshad, Abdalsahib, Ali Fawzi, Jabbar, Amer Abdl, Al-ageedi, Mohanad, Dhamin, Mohammed, AlFil, Sarmad, Khadhim, Foad, Miahy, Sabah, Agar, Ruth, Catapano, Alberico Luigi, Calandra, Sebastiano, Tarugi, Patrizia, Casula, Manuela, Galimberti, Federica, Olmastroni, Elena, Sarzani, Riccardo, Ferri, Claudio, Repetti, Elena, Piro, Salvatore, Suppressa, Patrizia, Meregalli, Giancarla, Borghi, Claudio, Muntoni, Sandro, Calabrò, Paolo, Cipollone, Francesco, Purrello, Francesco, Pujia, Arturo, Passaro, Angelina, Marcucci, Rossella, Pecchioli, Valerio, Pisciotta, Livia, Mandraffino, Giuseppe, Pellegatta, Fabio, Mombelli, Giuliana, Branchi, Adriana, Fiorenza, Anna Maria, Pederiva, Cristina, Werba, Josè Pablo, Parati, Gianfranco, Carubbi, Francesca, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Fortunato, Giuliana, Iannuzzi, Arcangelo, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Cefalù, Angelo Baldassare, Biasucci, Giacomo, Zambon, Sabina, Pirro, Matteo, Sbrana, Francesco, Trenti, Chiara, D'Erasmo, Laura, Federici, Massimo, Ben, Maria Del, Bartuli, Andrea, Giaccari, Andrea, Pipolo, Antonio, Citroni, Nadia, Guardamagna, Ornella, Lia, Salvatore, Benso, Andrea, Biolo, Gianni, Maroni, Lorenzo, Lupi, Alessandro, Bonanni, Luca, Rinaldi, Elisabetta, Zenti, Maria Grazia, Matsuki, Kota, Hori, Mika, Ogura, Masatsune, Masuda, Daisaku, Kobayashi, Takuya, Nagahama, Kumiko, Al-Jarallah, Mohammed, Radovic, Mirjana, Lunegova, Olga, Bektasheva, Erkayim, Abilova, Saamay, Erglis, Andrejs, Gilis, Dainus, Nesterovics, Georgijs, Saripo, Vita, Meiere, Ruta, Skudrina, Gunda, Terauda, Elizabete, Jambart, Selim, Ayoub, Carine, Ghaleb, Youmna, Aliosaitiene, Urte, Kutkiene, Sandra, Abdul Kadir, Siti Hamimah Sheikh, Kasim, Noor Alicezah Mohd, Nor, Noor Shafina Mohd, Abdul Hamid, Hasidah, Abdul Razak, Suraya, Al-Khateeb, Alyaa, Abd Muid, Suhaila, Abdul Rahman, Thuhairah, Kasim, Sazzli Shahlan, Radzi, Ahmad Bakhtiar Md, Ibrahim, Khairul Shafiq, Rosli, Marshima Mohd, Razali, Rafezah, Chua, Yung An, Razman, Aimi Zafira, Nazli, Sukma Azureen, Aziz, Nazirul, Rosman, Azhari, Abdul Murad, NorAzian, Jalaludin, Mohd Amin, Abdul Latif, Ahmad Zubaidi, Azzopardi, C., Mehta, Roopa, Martagon, Alexandro J., Ramirez, Gabriela A. Galan, Villa, Neftali E Antonio, Vazquez, Arsenio Vargas, Elias-Lopez, Daniel, Retana, Gustavo Gonzalez, Rodriguez, Betsabel, Macías, Jose J. Ceballos, Zazueta, Alejandro Romero, Alvarado, Rocio Martinez, Portano, Julieta D. Morales, Lopez, Humberto Alvares, Sauque-Reyna, Leobardo, Herrera, Laura G. Gomez, Mendia, Luis E. Simental, Aguilar, Humberto Garcia, Cooremans, Elizabeth Ramirez, Aparicio, Berenice Peña, Zubieta, Victoria Mendoza, Gonzalez, Perla A. Carrillo, Ferreira-Hermosillo, Aldo, Portilla, Nacu Caracas, Dominguez, Guadalupe Jimenez, Garcia, Alinna Y. Ruiz, Cazares, Hector E. Arriaga, Gonzalez, Jesus R., Valencia, Carla V. Mendez, Padilla, Francisco G., Prado, Ramon Madriz, Ibarra, Manuel O. De los Rios, Villicaña, Ruy D. Arjona, Rivera, Karina J. Acevedo, Carrera, Ricardo Allende, Alvarez, Jose A., Martinez, Jose C. Amezcua, Bustillo, Manuel de los Reyes Barrera, Vargas, Gonzalo Carazo, Chacon, Roberto Contreras, Andrade, Mario H. Figueroa, Ortega, Ashanty Flores, Alcala, Hector Garcia, de Leon, Laura E. Garcia, Guzman, Berenice Garcia, Garcia, Jose J. Garduño, Cuellar, Juan C. Garnica, Cruz, Jose R. Gomez, Garcia, Anell Hernandez, Almada, Jesus R. Holguin, Herrera, Ursulo Juarez, Sobrevilla, Fabiola Lugo, Rodriguez, Eduardo Marquez, Sibaja, Cristina Martinez, Rodriguez, Alma B. Medrano, Oyervides, Jose C. Morales, Vazquez, Daniel I. Perez, Rodriguez, Eduardo A. Reyes, Osorio, Ma. Ludivina Robles, Saucedo, Juan Rosas, Tamayo, Margarita Torres, Talavera, Luis A. Valdez, Arroyo, Luis E. Vera, Carrillo, Eloy A. Zepeda, Stroes, Erik S, Defesche, J, Zuurbier, L, Reeskamp, L, Ibrahim, S, Roeters van Lennep, Jeanine, Wiegman, Albert, Isara, Alphonsus, Obaseki, Darlington E., Al-Waili, Khalid, Al-Zadjali, Fahad, Al-Zakwani, Ibrahim, Al-Kindi, Mohammed, Al-Mukhaini, Suad, Al-Barwani, Hamida, Rana, Asim, Shah, Lahore Saeed Ullah, Al-Nouri, Fahad, Starostecka, Ewa, Konopka, Agnieszka, Bielecka-Dabrowa, Agata, Lewek, Joanna, Sosnowska, Bozena, Gąsior, Mariusz, Dyrbuś, Krzysztof, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Pajkowski, Marcin, Romanowska-Kocejko, Marzena, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Marta, Chmara, Magdalena, Wasąg, Bartosz, Stróżyk, Aneta, Michalska-Grzonkowska, Aleksandra, Medeiros, Ana Margarida, Alves, Ana Catarina, Silva, Francisco, Lobarinhas, Goreti, Palma, Isabel, de Moura, Jose Pereira, Rico, Miguel Toscano, Rato, Quitéria, Pais, Patrícia, Correia, Susana, Moldovan, Oana, Virtuoso, Maria João, Araujo, Francisco, Salgado, Jose Miguel, Colaço, Ines, Dumitrescu, Andreea, Lengher, Calin, Mosteoru, Svetlana, Meshkov, Alexey, Ershova, Alexandra, Rozhkova, Tatiana, Korneva, Victoria, Yu, Kuznetsova T., Zafiraki, Vitaliy, Voevoda, Mikhail, Gurevich, Victor, Duplyakov, Dmitry, Ragino, Yulia, Chubykina, Uliana, Shaposhnik, Igor, Alkaf, Fahmi, Khudari, Alia, Rwaili, Nawal, Al-Allaf, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammad, Batais, Mohammed A, Almigbal, Turky H, Kinsara, Abdulhalim, AlQudaimi, Ashraf Hammouda Ahmed, Awan, Zuhier, Elamin, Omer A, Altaradi, Hani, Popovic, Ljiljana, Singh, Sandra, Rasulic, Iva, Petakov, Ana, Lalic, Nebojsa M., Lam, Carolyn, Le, Tan Ju, Siang, Eric Lim Tien, Dissanayake, Sanjaya, I-Shing, Justin Tang, Shyong, Tai E, Jin, Terrance Chua Siang, Ting, Sharon Pek Li, Ming, Jeremy Hoe Kian, Drum, Chester Lee, Nastar, Fathima Ashna, Jia, Loh Wann, Ya, Natalie Koh Si, Jie, Marvin Chua Wei, Dalan, Rinkoo, Wei, Yong Quek, sian, Tiong Yee, Keong, Yeo Khung, Rong, Siau Kai, Jin, Darren Seah Ee, Ming, Ian Koh Jan, Chang, Tan Hong, Peng, Fabian Yap Kok, Vasanwala, Rashida Farhad, Raslova, Katarina, Balinth, Karin, Buganova, Ingrid, Fabryova, Lubomira, Kadurova, Michaela, Klabnik, Alexander, Kozárová, Miriam, Sirotiakova, Jana, Battelino, Tadej, Cevc, Matija, Debeljak, Marusa, Torkar, Ana Drole, Fras, Zlatko, Jug, Borut, Cugalj, Barbara Kern, Kovac, Jernej, Mlinaric, Matej, Sikonja, Jaka, Pilcher, Gillian Joan, Blom, D J, Wolmarans, K H, Brice, B C, Muñiz-Grijalvo, Ovidio, Díaz-Díaz, Jose Luis, de Isla, Leopoldo Pérez, Fuentes, Francisco, Badimon, Lina, Martin, François, Miserez, Eleonore B., Shipton, Janine L., Ganokroj, Poranee, Chattranukulchai, Pairoj, Jiamjarasrungsi, Wiroj, Thongtang, Nuntakorn, Krittayaphong, Rungroj, Vathesatogkit, Prin, Sriphrapradang, Chutintorn, Phimphilai, Mattabhorn, Leelawattana, Rattana, Anthanont, Pimjai, Suraamornkul, Swangjit, Deerochanawong, Chaicharn, Senthong, Vichai, Torpongpun, Artit, Suteerayongprasert, Panuwat, Pengpong, Nawarat, Sathavarodom, Nattapol, Sunanta, Usanee, Porntharukchareon, Thachanun, Kiatpanabhikul, Phatharaporn, Kaewkrasaesin, Chatchon, Kongkit, Jaruwan, Umphonsathien, Mongkontida, Akbulut, Mehmet, Alici, Gökhan, Bayram, Fahri, Can, Levent Hürkan, Celik, Ahmet, Ceyhan, Ceyhun, Coskun, Fatma Yilmaz, Demir, Mesut, Demircan, Sabri, Dogan, Volkan, Durakoglugil, Emre, Dural, İbrahim Etem, Gedikli, Omer, Hacioglu, Aysa, Ildizli, Muge, Kilic, Salih, Kirilmaz, Bahadir, Kutlu, Merih, Oguz, Aytekin, Ozdogan, Oner, Onrat, Ersel, Ozer, Savas, Sabuncu, Tevfik, Sahin, Tayfun, Sivri, Fatih, Sonmez, Alper, Temizhan, Ahmet, Topcu, Selim, Tokgozoglu, Lale, Tuncez, Abdullah, Vural, Mirac, Yenercag, Mustafa, Yesilbursa, Dilek, Yigit, Zerrin, Yildirim, Aytul Belgi, Yildirir, Aylin, Yilmaz, Mehmet Birhan, Atallah, Bassam, Traina, Mahmoud, Sabbour, Hani, Abdul Hay, Dana, Luqman, Neama, Elfatih, Abubaker, Abdulrasheed, Arshad, Manla, Yosef, Kwok, See, DellOca, Nicolas, Alieva, Rano B., Fozilov, Khurshid G., Hoshimov, Shavkat U., Nizamov, Ulugbek I., Kan, Liliya E., Kim, Andrey R., Abdullaeva, Guzal J., Abdullaev, Alisher A., Do, Doan Loi, Nguyen, Mai Ngoc Thi, Kim, Ngoc Thanh, Le, Thanh Tung, Le, Hong An, and Ray, Kausik K.

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2024
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5. Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Author

Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Stevens, Christophe A.T., Lyons, Alexander R.M., Dharmayat, Kanika I., Freiberger, Tomas, Hovingh, G. Kees, Mata, Pedro, Raal, Frederick J., Santos, Raul D., Soran, Handrean, Watts, Gerald F., Abifadel, Marianne, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Alhabib, Khalid F., Alkhnifsawi, Mutaz, Almahmeed, Wael, Alnouri, Fahad, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, Al-Sayed, Nasreen, Araujo, Francisco, Ashavaid, Tester F., Banach, Maciej, Béliard, Sophie, Benn, Marianne, Binder, Christoph J., Bogsrud, Martin P., Bourbon, Mafalda, Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Davletov, Kairat, Descamps, Olivier S., Durst, Ronen, Ezhov, Marat, Gaita, Dan, Genest, Jacques, Groselj, Urh, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Holven, Kirsten B., Kayikcioglu, Meral, Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Lalic, Katarina, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Lima-Martinez, Marcos M., Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, Marais, A. David, März, Winfried, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Miserez, André R., Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Panayiotou, Andrie G., Paragh, György, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Raslova, Katarina, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Sadiq, Fouzia, Sadoh, Wilson Ehidiamen, Schunkert, Heribert, Shek, Aleksandr B., Stoll, Mario, Stroes, Erik, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, Susekov, Andrey V., Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Truong, Thanh Huong, Tselepis, Alexandros D., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Vázquez Cárdenas, Alejandra, Viigimaa, Margus, Wang, Luya, Yamashita, Shizuya, Kastelein, John J.P., Bruckert, Eric, Vohnout, Branislav, Schreier, Laura, Pang, Jing, Ebenbichler, Christoph, Dieplinger, Hans, Innerhofer, Reinhold, Winhofer-Stöckl, Yvonne, Greber-Platzer, Susanne, Krychtiuk, Konstantin, Speidl, Walter, Toplak, Hermann, Widhalm, Kurt, Stulnig, Thomas, Huber, Kurt, Höllerl, Florian, Rega-Kaun, Gersina, Kleemann, Lucas, Mäser, Martin, Scholl-Bürgi, Sabine, Säly, Christoph, Mayer, Florian J., Sablon, Gaelle, Tarantino, Eric, Nzeyimana, Charlotte, Pojskic, Lamija, Sisic, Ibrahim, Nalbantic, Azra D., Jannes, Cinthia E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Krieger, Jose E., Petrov, Ivo, Goudev, Assen, Nikolov, Fedya, Tisheva, Snejana, Yotov, Yoto, Tzvetkov, Ivajlo, Baass, Alexis, Bergeron, Jean, Bernard, Sophie, Brisson, Diane, Brunham, Liam R., Cermakova, Lubomira, Couture, Patrick, Francis, Gordon A., Gaudet, Daniel, Hegele, Robert A., Khoury, Etienne, Mancini, G.B. John, McCrindle, Brian W., Paquette, Martine, Ruel, Isabelle, Cuevas, Ada, Asenjo, Sylvia, Wang, Xumin, Meng, Kang, Song, Xiantao, Yong, Qiang, Jiang, Tao, Liu, Ziyou, Duan, Yanyu, Hong, Jing, Ye, Pucong, Chen, Yan, Qi, Jianguang, Liu, Zesen, Li, Yuntao, Zhang, Chaoyi, Peng, Jie, Yang, Ya, Yu, Wei, Wang, Qian, Yuan, Hui, Cheng, Shitong, Jiang, Long, Chong, Mei, Jiao, Jian, Wu, Yue, Wen, Wenhui, Xu, Liyuan, Zhang, Ruiying, Qu, Yichen, He, Jianxun, Fan, Xuesong, Wang, Zhenjia, Chow, Elaine, Pećin, Ivan, Perica, Dražen, Symeonides, Phivos, Vrablik, Michal, Ceska, Richard, Soska, Vladimir, Tichy, Lukas, Adamkova, Vera, Franekova, Jana, Cifkova, Renata, Kraml, Pavel, Vonaskova, Katerina, Cepova, Jana, Dusejovska, Magdalena, Pavlickova, Lenka, Blaha, Vladimir, Rosolova, Hana, Nussbaumerova, Barbora, Cibulka, Roman, Vaverkova, Helena, Cibickova, Lubica, Krejsova, Zdenka, Rehouskova, Katerina, Malina, Pavel, Budikova, Milena, Palanova, Vaclava, Solcova, Lucie, Lubasova, Alena, Podzimkova, Helena, Bujdak, Juraj, Vesely, Jiri, Jordanova, Marta, Salek, Tomas, Urbanek, Robin, Zemek, Stanislav, Lacko, Jan, Halamkova, Hana, Machacova, Sona, Mala, Sarka, Cubova, Eva, Valoskova, Katerina, Burda, Lukas, Bendary, Ahmed, Daoud, Ihab, Emil, Sameh, Elbahry, Atef, Rafla, Samir, Sanad, Osama, Kazamel, Ghada, Ashraf, Mohamed, Sobhy, Mohamed, El-Hadidy, Amro, Shafy, Mohamed A., Kamal, Saif, Bendary, Mohamed, Talviste, Grete, Angoulvant, Denis, Boccara, Franck, Cariou, Bertrand, Carreau, Valérie, Carrie, Alain, Charrieres, Sybil, Cottin, Yves, Di-Fillipo, Mathilde, Ducluzeau, Pierre H., Dulong, Sonia, Durlach, Vincent, Farnier, Michel, Ferrari, Emile, Ferrieres, Dorota, Ferrieres, Jean, Gallo, Antonio, hankard, Regis, Inamo, Jocelyne, Lemale, Julie, Moulin, Philippe, Paillard, François, Peretti, Noel, Perrin, Agnès, Pradignac, Alain, Rabes, Jean P., Rigalleau, Vincent, Sultan, Ariane, Schiele, François, Tounian, Patrick, Valero, René, Verges, Bruno, Yelnik, Cécile, Ziegler, Olivier, Haack, Ira A., Schmidt, Nina, Dressel, Alexander, Klein, Isabel, Christmann, Jutta, Sonntag, Antonia, Stumpp, Christine, Boger, Diana, Biedermann, Dana, Usme, Monica M.N., Beil, F. Ulrich, Klose, Gerald, König, Christel, Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, Otte, Britta, Böll, Gereon, Kirschbaum, Anja, Merke, Jürgen, Scholl, Johannes, Segiet, Thomas, Gebauer, Marco, Predica, Florentina, Mayer, Manfred, Leistikow, Frank, Füllgraf-Horst, Sabine, Müller, Cornelius, Schüler, Melanie, Wiener, Judith, Hein, Konrad, Baumgartner, Peter, Kopf, Stefan, Busch, Reinhold, Schömig, Michael, Matthias, Stephan, Allendorf-Ostwald, Nicole, Fink, Bruno, Böhm, Dieter, Jäkel, Alexander, Koschker, Ann-Cathrin, Schweizer, Rüdiger, Vogt, Anja, Parhofer, Klaus, König, Wolfgang, Reinhard, Wibke, Bäßler, Andrea, Stadelmann, Alexander, Schrader, Volker, Katzmann, Julius, Tarr, Adrienne, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Kassner, Ursula, Paulsen, Gerret, Homberger, Jürgen, Zemmrich, Claudia, Seeger, Wolfgang, Biolik, Kathrin, Deiss, Dorothee, Richter, Corinna, Pantchechnikova, Elina, Dorn, Elena, Schatz, Ulrike, Julius, Ulrich, Spens, Antje, Wiesner, Tobias, Scholl, Michael, Rizos, Christos V., Sakkas, Nikolaos, Elisaf, Moses, Skoumas, Ioannis, Tziomalos, Konstantinos, Rallidis, Loukianos, Kotsis, Vasileios, Doumas, Michalis, Athyros, Vasileios, Skalidis, Emmanouil, Kolovou, Genovefa, Garoufi, Anastasia, Bilianou, Eleni, Koutagiar, Iosif, Agapakis, Dimitrios, Kiouri, Estela, Antza, Christina, Katsiki, Niki, Zacharis, Evangelos, Attilakos, Achilleas, Sfikas, George, Koumaras, Charalambos, Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Anastasiou, Georgia, Liamis, George, Koutsogianni, Amalia-Despoina, Karányi, Zsolt, Harangi, Mariann, Bajnok, László, Audikovszky, Mária, Márk, László, Benczúr, Béla, Reiber, István, Nagy, Gergely, Nagy, András, Reddy, Lakshmi L., Shah, Swarup A.V., Ponde, Chandrashekhar K., Dalal, Jamshed J., Sawhney, Jitendra P.S., Verma, Ishwar C., Altaey, Mays, Al-Jumaily, Khalid, Rasul, Dilshad, Abdalsahib, Ali F., Jabbar, Amer A., Al-ageedi, Mohanad, Agar, Ruth, Cohen, Hofit, Ellis, Avishay, Gavishv, Dov, Harats, Dror, Henkin, Yaacov, Knobler, Hila, Leavit, Leah, Leitersdorf, Eran, Rubinstein, Ardon, Schurr, Daniel, Shpitzen, Shoshi, Szalat, Auryan, Casula, Manuela, Zampoleri, Veronica, Gazzotti, Marta, Olmastroni, Elena, Sarzani, Riccardo, Ferri, Claudio, Repetti, Elena, Sabbà, Carlo, Bossi, Antonio Carlo, Borghi, Claudio, Muntoni, Sandro, Cipollone, Francesco, Purrello, Francesco, Pujia, Arturo, Passaro, Angelina, Marcucci, Rossella, Pecchioli, Valerio, Pisciotta, Livia, Mandraffino, Giuseppe, Pellegatta, Fabio, Mombelli, Giuliana, Branchi, Adriana, Fiorenza, Anna Maria, Pederiva, Cristina, Werba, Josè Pablo, Parati, Gianfranco, Carubbi, Francesca, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Iannuzzi, Arcangelo, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Calabrò, Paolo, Averna, Maurizio, Biasucci, Giacomo, Zambon, Sabina, Roscini, Anna Rita, Trenti, Chiara, Arca, Marcello, Federici, Massimo, Del Ben, Maria, Bartuli, Andrea, Giaccari, Andrea, Pipolo, Antonio, Citroni, Nadia, Guardamagna, Ornella, Bonomo, Katia, Benso, Andrea, Biolo, Gianni, Maroni, Lorenzo, Lupi, Alessandro, Bonanni, Luca, Zenti, Maria Grazia, Matsuki, Kota, Hori, Mika, Ogura, Masatsune, Masuda, Daisaku, Kobayashi, Takuya, Nagahama, Kumiko, Al-Jarallah, Mohammed, Radovic, Mirjana, Lunegova, Olga, Bektasheva, Erkayim, Khodzhiboboev, Elyor, Erglis, Andrejs, Gilis, Dainus, Nesterovics, Georgijs, Saripo, Vita, Meiere, Ruta, Upena-RozeMicena, Arta, Terauda, Elizabete, Jambart, Selim, Khoury, Petra E., Elbitar, Sandy, Ayoub, Carine, Ghaleb, Youmna, Aliosaitiene, Urte, Kutkiene, Sandra, Kasim, Noor A.M., Nor, Noor S.M., Ramli, Anis S., Razak, Suraya A., Al-Khateeb, Alyaa, Kadir, Siti H.S.A., Muid, Suhaila A., Rahman, Thuhairah A., Kasim, Sazzli S., Radzi, Ahmad B.M., Ibrahim, Khairul S., Razali, Salmi, Ismail, Zaliha, Ghani, Rohana A., Hafidz, Muhammad I.A., Chua, Ang L., Rosli, Marshima M., Annamalai, Muthukkaruppan, Teh, Lay K., Razali, Rafezah, Chua, Yung A., Rosman, Azhari, Sanusi, Abdul R., Murad, Nor A.A., Jamal, A. Rahman A., Nazli, Sukma A., Razman, Aimi Z., Rosman, Norhidayah, Rahmat, Radzi, Hamzan, Nur S., Azzopardi, C., Mehta, Roopa, Martagon, Alexandro J., Ramirez, Gabriela A.G., Villa, Neftali E.A., Vazquez, Arsenio V., Elias-Lopez, Daniel, Retana, Gustavo G., Rodriguez, Betsabel, Macías, Jose J.C., Zazueta, Alejandro R., Alvarado, Rocio M., Portano, Julieta D.M., Lopez, Humberto A., Sauque-Reyna, Leobardo, Herrera, Laura G.G., Mendia, Luis E.S., Aguilar, Humberto Garcia, Cooremans, Elizabeth R., Aparicio, Berenice P., Zubieta, Victoria M., Gonzalez, Perla A.C., Ferreira-Hermosillo, Aldo, Portilla, Nacu C., Dominguez, Guadalupe J., Garcia, Alinna Y.R., Cazares, Hector E.A., Gonzalez, Jesus R., Valencia, Carla V.M., Padilla, Francisco G., Prado, Ramon M., De los Rios Ibarra, Manuel O., Villicaña, Ruy D.A., Rivera, Karina J.A., Carrera, Ricardo A., Alvarez, Jose A., Martinez, Jose C.A., de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo, Manuel, Vargas, Gonzalo C., Chacon, Roberto C., Andrade, Mario H.F., Ortega, Ashanty F., Alcala, Hector G., de Leon, Laura E.G., Guzman, Berenice G., Garcia, Jose J.G., Cuellar, Juan C.G., Cruz, Jose R.G., Garcia, Anell Hernandez, Almada, Jesus R.H., Herrera, Ursulo J., Sobrevilla, Fabiola L., Rodriguez, Eduardo M., Sibaja, Cristina M., Rodriguez, Alma B.M., Oyervides, Jose C.M., Vazquez, Daniel I.P., Rodriguez, Eduardo A.R., Osorio, Ma L.R., Saucedo, Juan R., Tamayo, Margarita T., Talavera, Luis A.V., Arroyo, Luis E.V., Carrillo, Eloy A.Z., Isara, Alphonsus, Obaseki, Darlington E., Al-Waili, Khalid, Al-Zadjali, Fahad, Al-Zakwani, Ibrahim, Al-Kindi, Mohammed, Al-Mukhaini, Suad, Al-Barwani, Hamida, Rana, Asim, Shah, Lahore S.U., Starostecka, Ewa, Konopka, Agnieszka, Lewek, Joanna, Bartłomiejczyk, Marcin, Gąsior, Mariusz, Dyrbuś, Krzysztof, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Gruchała, Marcin, Pajkowski, Marcin, Romanowska-Kocejko, Marzena, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Marta, Chmara, Magdalena, Wasąg, Bartosz, Parczewska, Aleksandra, Gilis-Malinowska, Natasza, Borowiec-Wolna, Justyna, Stróżyk, Aneta, Woś, Marlena, Michalska-Grzonkowska, Aleksandra, Medeiros, Ana M., Alves, Ana C., Silva, Francisco, Lobarinhas, Goreti, Palma, Isabel, de Moura, Jose P., Rico, Miguel T., Rato, Quitéria, Pais, Patrícia, Correia, Susana, Moldovan, Oana, Virtuoso, Maria J., Salgado, Jose M., Colaço, Ines, Dumitrescu, Andreea, Lengher, Calin, Mosteoru, Svetlana, Meshkov, Alexey, Ershova, Alexandra, Rozkova, Tatiana, Korneva, Victoria, Yu, Kuznetsova T., Zafiraki, Vitaliy, Voevoda, Mikhail, Gurevich, Victor, Duplyakov, Dmitry, Ragino, Yulia, Safarova, Maya, Shaposhnik, Igor, Alkaf, Fahmi, Khudari, Alia, Rwaili, Nawal, Al-Allaf, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammad, Batais, Mohammed A., Almigbal, Turky H., Kinsara, Abdulhalim, AlQudaimi, Ashraf H.A., Awan, Zuhier, Elamin, Omer A., Altaradi, Hani, Rajkovic, Natasa, Popovic, Ljiljana, Singh, Sandra, Stosic, Ljubica, Rasulic, Iva, Lalic, Nebojsa M., Lam, Carolyn, Le, Tan J., Siang, Eric L.T., Dissanayake, Sanjaya, I-Shing, Justin T., Shyong, Tai E., Jin, Terrance C.S., Balinth, Karin, Buganova, Ingrid, Fabryova, Lubomira, Kadurova, Michaela, Klabnik, Alexander, Kozárová, Miriam, Sirotiakova, Jana, Battelino, Tadej, Kovac, Jernej, Mlinaric, Matej, Sustar, Ursa, Podkrajsek, Katarina T., Fras, Zlatko, Jug, Borut, Cevc, Matija, Pilcher, Gillian J., Blom, D.J., Wolmarans, K.H., Brice, B.C., Muñiz-Grijalvo, Ovidio, Díaz-Díaz, Jose L., de Isla, Leopoldo P., Fuentes, Francisco, Badimon, Lina, Martin, François, Lux, Angela, Chang, Nien-Tzu, Ganokroj, Poranee, Akbulut, Mehmet, Alici, Gökhan, Bayram, Fahri, Can, Levent H., Celik, Ahmet, Ceyhan, Ceyhun, Coskun, Fatma Y., Demir, Mesut, Demircan, Sabri, Dogan, Volkan, Durakoglugil, Emre, Dural, Ibrahim E., Gedikli, Omer, Hacioglu, Aysa, Ildizli, Muge, Kilic, Salih, Kirilmaz, Bahadir, Kutlu, Merih, Oguz, Aytekin, Ozdogan, Oner, Onrat, Ersel, Ozer, Savas, Sabuncu, Tevfik, Sahin, Tayfun, Sivri, Fatih, Sonmez, Alper, Temizhan, Ahmet, Topcu, Selim, Tuncez, Abdullah, Vural, Mirac, Yenercag, Mustafa, Yesilbursa, Dilek, Yigit, Zerrin, Yildirim, Aytul B., Yildirir, Aylin, Yilmaz, Mehmet B., Atallah, Bassam, Traina, Mahmoud, Sabbour, Hani, Hay, Dana A., Luqman, Neama, Elfatih, Abubaker, Abdulrasheed, Arshad, Kwok, See, Oca, Nicolas D., Reyes, Ximena, Alieva, Rano B., Kurbanov, Ravshanbek D., Hoshimov, Shavkat U., Nizamov, Ulugbek I., Ziyaeva, Adolat V., Abdullaeva, Guzal J., Do, Doan L., Nguyen, Mai N.T., Kim, Ngoc T., Le, Thanh T., Le, Hong A., Tokgozoglu, Lale, Catapano, Alberico L., and Ray, Kausik K.

Published
2021
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6. Alpha(α)-mangostin (Xanthone of Garcinia mangostana L.): Augmenting Macrophages Activity for an Effective Diabetic Wound Healing.

Author

Patrick, Melonney, Mohd Zohdi, Wan Najwa Wan, Muid, Suhaila Abd, and Omar, Effat

Subjects
DIABETIC foot, WOUND healing, CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE, MANGOSTEEN, MATRIX metalloproteinases, XANTHONE
Abstract

Diabetic wounds are particularly difficult to treat medically because they heal at a slower pace than regular wounds. Macrophages are essential in all stages of normal wound healing, including inflammation, proliferation and rem odelling. When wound healing is affected, macrophages can reduce the level of growth factor and increase the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), disrupt the balance between tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), which can slow down healing. Alpha(α)-mangostin, a natural xanthone derived from the pericarp of the mangosteen, has gained considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential to promote wound healing. However, its exact role in healing diabetic foot ulcers, common in diabetes, remains unclear. Hence, this study aims to explore how α-mangostin might affect diabetic wound healing by evaluating its impact on PDGF, CTGF, BFGF, VEGF, TGF-β, MMP-9, TIMP-2 and IL-6 secretion in macrophage cells. Human monocytic macrophages (THP-1) were incubated with a 35 mM glucose solution for 72 h to create a glucose-enriched medium. The cells were then incubated with α-mangostin (0.15, 2.5 and 5 µg/mL) together with 35 mM glucose. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) served as positive controls; glucose-enriched media and media-alone served as negative controls. Protein expression was measured using ELISA. α-mangostin (2.5 µg/mL) increased the levels of PDGF and VEGF and decreased the level of MMP-9 compared to glucose controls. There was no significant difference in other growth factors, TIMP-2 and IL-6 protein levels across any of the treatment groups compared to glucose controls. In conclusion, α-mangostin particularly at 2.5 µg/mL demonstrated a significant increase in PDGF and VEGF levels while simultaneously reducing MMP-9 in macrophage cells under glucose-induced conditions. These findings suggest that α-mangostin holds the potential for enhancing the healing of chronic wounds in diabetic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Thymoquinone Reverses Homocysteine-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction Via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stress Induced Oxidative Stress Pathway

Author

M. Sofiullah, Siti Sarah, primary, Murugan, Dharmani Devi, additional, Abd Muid, Suhaila, additional, Wu, Yuan Seng, additional, Zamakshshari, Nor Hisam, additional, Gan, Quan Fu, additional, Patrick, Melonney, additional, Ab Azis, Norasikin, additional, Sirasanagandla, Srinivasa Rao, additional, and Choy, Ker Woon, additional

Published
2024
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16. Safety evaluation of saffron extracts in early and established atherosclerotic New Zealand white rabbits.

Author

Abd Rahim, Iman Nabilah, Mohd Kasim, Noor Alicezah, Omar, Effat, Abdul Muid, Suhaila, and Nawawi, Hapizah

Subjects
LDL cholesterol, SAFFRON crocus, HIGH cholesterol diet, RABBITS, LOW density lipoproteins, BODY weight
Abstract

Previous research has shown that natural medications pose health risks, especially in subjects with comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of saffron ethanolic extract (SEE) administration in early and established atherosclerotic rabbits. Rabbits were given a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 4 and 8 weeks to induce early and established atherosclerosis respectively, and then they were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day SEE. The body weight of the animals was recorded. Blood samples were collected at baseline, pre-treatment, and post-treatment for hematological studies, lipid profiles, and biochemical profiles. Tissue specimens of the vital organs were subjected to histological examination. The above parameters were significantly altered post-intervention with 4 and 8 weeks of HCD. No significant differences in body weight were observed in all the groups post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg of SEE compared to pre-treatment. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, serum urea, and glucose significantly decreased post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg/day SEE compared to pre-treatment in early and established atherosclerosis groups. Hematological parameters that were affected post-intervention with HCD returned to their baseline values post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg/day SEE. There was a significant improvement in the vital organs post-treatment with 50 and 100mg/kg SEE. SEE can safely be administered without causing harmful effects on the hematological, biochemical profiles, and vital organs. Notably, SEE exerts hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects on atherosclerotic conditions. Further clinical trials are warranted to ensure the safety of saffron administration in patients with atherosclerosis-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. In vitro study of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone activity on endothelial activation and monocyte adhesion.

Author

Firus Khan, Al'Aina Yuhainis, Mohtar, Fahmi, Rahman, Thuhairah Abdul, Muid, Suhaila Abdul, Anisah Froemming, Gabriele Ruth, and Nawawi, Hapizah

Subjects
BLACK cumin, MEDICAL sciences, ENDOTHELIUM diseases, ELLAGIC acid, MOLECULAR biology, VASCULAR cell adhesion molecule-1, LINSEED oil, CHEMICAL reagents
Abstract

Introduction: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the bioactive compounds in Nigella sativa (NS). Also known as black seeds/cumin, it has been postulated to possess anti-atherogenic properties. However, research on the effects of NS oil (NSO) and TQ on atherogenesis remain scarce. The aim of this study is to determine gene and protein expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and Endothelial-eukocyte adhesion molecule (E-selectin) in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAECs). Methods: HCAECs were stimulated for 24 hours (h) with 200 μg/ml of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and different concentrations of NSO (55, 110, 220, 440 μg/ml) or TQ (4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36.0 μm). The effects of NSO and TQ on gene and protein expressions were measured using multiplex gene assay and ELISA assay, respectively. Rose Bengal assay was used to analyse monocyte binding activity. Results: NSO and TQ significantly reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene and protein expressions. TQ showed significant reduction activity of the biomarkers in dose dependent manner. HCAECs pre-treated with NSO and TQ for 24 h significantly lowered monocytes adherence compared to non-treated HCAECs. Conclusions: NSO and TQ supplementation have anti-atherogenic properties and inhibit monocytes' adherence to HCAECs via down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. NSO could potentially be incorporated in standard treatment regimens to prevent atherosclerosis and its related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri Extract Administration in Hypercholesterolaemic, Atherosclerotic Rabbits: Effects on Organ Function, Morphology, and Atherosclerosis Development.

Author

Ariff, Amirah Mohd, Omar, Effat, Muid, Suhaila, Kasim, Noor Alicezah Mohd, Ismail, Nor Hadiani, and Nawawi, Hapizah

Subjects
RABBITS, HIGH cholesterol diet, ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaque, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, C-reactive protein, TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract

Ficus deltoidea (FD) is used in traditional Malay medicine to treat various ailments and has been shown to be safe in toxicity studies. However, the information on the safety and efficacy of FD in the atherosclerosis-induced animal model is limited. This study aims to investigate the safety of FD var. kunstleri (FDK) extract on high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerotic rabbits and its efficacy in treating atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: G1 (1% HCD for 4 weeks) and G2 (1% HCD for 8 weeks). Each group was randomised into FDK700 (700 mg FDK/kg/day for G1 and G2), FDK800 (800 mg FDK/kg/day for G2), simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) and placebo. The body weight, blood pressure, serum biochemistry and histopathological examination were obtained to assess any toxicity signs. Fasting lipid profile, soluble c-reactive protein (sCRP) level and atherosclerotic plaque formation were compared between treated and placebo groups to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results: No significant differences were observed in all safety parameters between the treated and placebo groups (p<0.05). FDK treatment did not show significant differences in all parameters evaluated in both treatment arms. In conclusion, FDK extract up to 800 mg/kg is safe for use in atherosclerotic rabbits. It has neutral effects on lipid profile, inflammation and atherosclerosis formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Inflammation and Vascular Calcification Causing Effects of Oxidized HDL are Attenuated by Adiponectin in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Author

Harun, Noor Hanisa, Froemming, Gabriele Ruth Anisah, Nawawi, Hapizah Md, and Muid, Suhaila Abd

Subjects
osteoblastic transdifferentiation, adiponectin, HAoVSMCs, vascular calcification, oxidized high-density lipoprotein, Original Article
Abstract

The role of oxidized high- density lipoprotein (oxHDL) and the protective effects of adiponectin in terms of vascular calcification is not well-established. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oxHDL with regard to inflammation and vascular calcification and to determine the protective role of adiponectin in attenuating the detrimental effects of oxHDL. Cell viability, mineralization, and calcification assays were conducted to optimize the concentration of oxHDL. Then, human vascular smooth muscle cells (HAoVSMCs) were incubated with β-glycerophosphate, HDL, oxHDL, adiponectin, or the combination of oxHDL with adiponectin for 24 h. Protein expression of IL-6, TNF-α, osterix, RUNX2, ALP, type 1 collagen, osteopontin, osteocalcin, WNT-5a, NF-ĸβ(p65), cAMP and STAT-3 were measured by ELISA kits. OxHDL induced vascular calcification by promoting the formation of mineralization nodules and calcium deposits in HAoVSMCs. This was accompanied by an increased secretion of IL-6, osterix, WNT-5a and NF-ĸβ (p65). Interestingly, these detrimental effects of oxHDL were suppressed by adiponectin. Besides, incubation of adiponectin alone on HAoVSMCs showed a reduction of inflammatory cytokines, osteoblastic markers (RUNX2, osterix and osteopontin), WNT-5a and NF-ĸβ (p65). This study exhibits the ability of oxHDL in inducing inflammation and vascular calcification and these detrimental effects of oxHDL can be attenuated by adiponectin.

Published
2019

29. HDL AND ITS SUBPOPULATION (HDL2 AND HDL3) PROMOTE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORTERS EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATE INFLAMMATION IN 3T3-L1 MATURE ADIPOCYTES INDUCED BY TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA.

Author

MUID, SUHAILA ABD, JALIL, REMEE AWANG, HARUN, NOOR HANISA, NAWAWI, HAPIZAH MOHD, and FROEMMING, GABRIELE RUTH ANISAH

Subjects
*TUMOR necrosis factors, *ADIPOKINES, *GENE expression, *ADIPOGENESIS, *FAT cells, *CHOLESTEROL, *HIGH density lipoproteins
Abstract

Obesity activates inflammation causing dysfunction of adipocytes. Increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in obesity may be beneficial in overcoming this effect. However, not much data is available on the effects of HDL and its subpopulations in inflamed adipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total HDL (tHDL) and the comparison between its subpopulations (HDL2 & HDL3) on protein and gene expression of cholesterol transporters, inflammation, and adipokines in TNF-α stimulated 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. TNFα alone had lower adiponectin and higher protein and gene expression of IL-6 and NF-κβ (p65) compared to unstimulated adipocytes and these effects were attenuated by HDLs especially HDL3 (in most of the biomarkers). HDL and its subpopulation had higher cholesterol transporters expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes induced by TNF-α compared to unstimulated cells. Increment of cholesterol transporters expression by HDL leads to reduce secretion of inflammatory markers [IL-6 & NF-kB (p65)] and visfatin and increases adiponectin secretion in the inflamed mature adipocytes. HDL exhibits beyond its reverse cholesterol transporter property by exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects thru the deactivation of NF-κβ (p65). This may contribute to reducing the progression of obesity-related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. EFFECTS OF PALM OIL DERIVED TOCOTRIENOL RICH FRACTION AND VITAMIN E ISOMERS ON BIOMARKERS OF EARLY ATHEROGENESIS IN STIMULATED HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Author

MUID, SUHAILA ABD, FROEMMING, GABRIELE ANISAH RUTH, ALI, ABD MANAF, RAHMAN, THUHAIRAH HASRAH ABDUL, HAMID, ZALINA, and NAWAWI, HAPIZAH

Subjects
*VITAMIN E, *TOCOTRIENOL, *ISOMERS, *NF-kappa B, *NITRIC-oxide synthases, *ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF), α-TOC, and pure TCT isomers (α-. γ-& δ-TCT) on inflammation, endothelial activation, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and monocyte binding activity (MBA) in vitro. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with various concentrations of α-TOC, pure TCT isomers and TRF (0.3-10 μM) together with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 16 h. Culture medium and cells were collected and measured for the protein and gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, NFκB, ICAM-1, VCAM- 1, e-selectin, and eNOS. Monocyte binding activity (MBA) was measured by Rose Bengal staining. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that TRF and pure TCT particularly γ- and δ- isomers, showed better inhibition of inflammation and endothelial activation, MBA and greater eNOS increment than α-TOC. These suggest that TRF and pure TCT isomers have potential as preventive anti-atherogenic agents by attenuating the release of early biomarkers of atherogenesis which is better than α-TOC in LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Author

Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Marco, Martina De, Stevens, Christophe A. T., Akram, Asif, Freiberger, Tomas, Hovingh, G. Kees, Kastelein, John J. P., Mata, Pedro, Raal, Frederick J., Santos, Raul D., Soran, Handrean, Watts, Gerald F., Abifadel, Marianne, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Al-Khnifsawi, Mutaz, Alkindi, Fahad A., Alnouri, Fahad, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, Ashavaid, Tester F., Binder, Christoph J., Bogsrud, Martin P., Bourbon, Mafalda, Bruckert, Eric, Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Descamps, Olivier, Durst, Ronen, Ezhov, Marat, Fras, Zlatko, Genest, Jacques, Groselj, Urh, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Lalic, Katarina, Lam, Carolyn S. P., Latkovskis, Gustavs, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, Majano, Nelson, Marais, A. David, März, Winfried, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Miserez, André R., Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah M., Nordestgaard, B. rge G., Paragh, György, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Sadoh, Wilson E., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Shehab, Abdullah, Shek, Aleksander B., Stoll, Mario, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, Susekov, Andrey V., Symeonides, Phivos, Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Truong, Thanh-Huong, Tselepis, Alexandros D., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Vázquez-Cárdenas, Alejandra, Viigimaa, Margus, Vohnout, Branislav, Widén, Elisabeth, Yamashita, Shizuya, Banach, Maciej, Gaita, Dan, Jiang, Lixin, Nilsson, Lennart, Santos, Lourdes E., Schunkert, Heribert, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, Car, Josip, Catapano, Alberico L., Ray, Kausik K., Schreier, Laura, Pang, Jing, Dieplinger, Hans, Hanauer-Mader, Gabriele, Desutter, Johan, Langlois, Michel, Mertens, Ann, Rietzschel, Ernst, Wallemacq, Caroline, Isakovic, Dzenana, Dzankovic, Amra M., Obralija, Jasna, Pojskic, Lamija, Sisic, Ibrahim, Stimjanin, Ena, Torlak, Vildana A., Jannes, Cinthia E., Krieger, Jose E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Ruel, Isabelle, Asenjo, Sylvia, Cuevas, Ada, Pećin, Ivan, Miltiadous, George, Panayiotou, Andrie G., Vrablik, Michal, Benn, Marianne, Heinsar, Silver, Béliard, S., Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, Hengstenberg, Wibke, Julius, Ulrich, Kassner, Ursula, Klose, Gerald, König, Christel, König, Wolfgang, Otte, Britta, Parhofer, Klaus, Schatz, Ulrike, Schmidt, Nina, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Vogt, Anja, Antza, Christina, Athyros, Vasilios, Bilianou, Eleni, Boufidou, Amalia, Chrousos, George, Elisaf, Moses, Garoufi, Anastasia, Katsiki, Niki, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kotsis, Vasilios, Rallidis, Loukianos, Rizos, Christos, Skalidis, Emmanouel, Skoumas, Ioannis, Tziomalos, Kostantinos, Shawney, J. P. S., Abbaszadegan, Mohammad R., Aminzadeh, Majid, Hosseini, Sousan, Mobini, Moein, Vakili, Rahim, Zaeri, Hossein, Agar, Ruth, Boran, Gerard, Colwell, Nial, Crowley, Vivion, Durkin, Maeve, Griffin, Damian, Kelly, Michael, Rakovac-Tisdall, Ana, Bitzur, Rafael, Cohen, Hofit, Eliav, Osnat, Ellis, Avishay, Gavish, Dov, Harats, Dror, Henkin, Yaacov, Knobler, Hila, Leavit, Leah, Leitersdorf, Eran, Rubinstein, Ardon, Schurr, Daniel, Shpitzen, Shoshi, Szalat, Auryan, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Bertolini, Stefano, Calandra, Sebastiano, Tarugi, Patrizia, Erglis, Andrejs, Gilis, Dainus, Nesterovics, Georgijs, Saripo, Vita, Upena-Roze, Arta, Elbitar, Sandy, Jambart, S. lim, Khoury, Petra El, Gargalskaite, Urte, Kutkiene, Sandra, Al-Khateeb, Alyaa, An, Chua Y., Ismail, Zaliha, Kasim, Sazzli, Ibrahim, Khairul S., Radzi, Ahmad B. M., Kasim, Noor A., Nor, Noor S. M., Ramli, Anis S., Razak, Suraya A., Muid, Suhaila, Rosman, Azhari, Sanusi, Abd R., Razman, Aimi Z., Nazli, Sukma A., Kek, Teh L., Azzopardi, Conrad, Aguilar Salinas, Carlos A., Vázquez-Cárdenas, N. Alejandra, Galán, Gabriela, Magaña-Torres, M. T., Martagon, Alexandro, Mehta, Roopa, Wittekoek, M. E., Isara, Alphonsus R., Obaseki, Darlington E., Ohenhen, Oluwatoyin A., Holven, Kirsten B., Gruchała, Marcin, Baranowska, Marlena, Borowiec-Wolny, Justyna, Gilis-Malinowska, Natasza, Michalska-Grzonkowska, Aleksandra, Pajkowski, Marcin, Parczewska, Aleksandra, Romanowska-Kocejko, Marzena, Stróżyk, Aneta, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Marta, Kleinschmidt, Mariola, Alves, Ana C., Medeiros, Ana M., Ershova, Alexandra, Korneva, Victoria, Kuznetsova, Tatiana, Malyshev, Pavel, Meshkov, Alexey, Rozhkova, Tatiana, Rajkovic, Natasa, Popovic, Ljiljana, Lukac, Sandra S., Stosic, Ljubica, Rasulic, Iva, Lalic, Nebojsa M., Chua, Terrance S. J., Ting, Sharon P. L., Raslova, Katarina, Battelino, Tadej, Cevc, Matija, Jug, Borut, Kovac, Jernej, Podkrajsek, Katarina T., Sustar, Ursa, Trontelj, Katja J., Marais, David, Isla, Leopoldo Perez de, Martin, François J., Charng, Ming-Ji, Chen, Pei-Lung, Kayikçioglu, Meral, Dell’oca, Nicolás, Fernández, Graciela, Ressia, Andrés, Reyes, Ximena, Zelarayan, Mario, Alieva, Rano B., Hoshimov, Shavkat U., Kurbanov, Ravshanbek D., Nizamov, Ulugbek I., Lima-Martínez, Marcos M., Nguyen, Mai-Ngoc Thi, Do, Doan-Loi, Kim, Ngoc-Thanh, le, Hong-An, le, Thanh-Tung, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, Kardiyoloji, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Pfizer Incorporated, European Atherosclerosis Society, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
International Cooperation, MÉTODOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Nationwide survey, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Doenças Cardio e Cérebro-vasculares, MOLECULAR-GENETICS, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Prevalence, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cooperative Behavior, DEFECTIVE APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, GENERAL-POPULATION, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Anticholesteremic Agents, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, FHSC, Primary dyslipidaemia, Biomarkers, Cholesterol, LDL, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Health Care Surveys, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Treatment Outcome, Blood Component Removal, EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Cholesterol, CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE, NATIONWIDE SURVEY, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiovascular risk factors, Population, LDL-RECEPTOR, 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Medicine [Science], fhsc, familial hypercholesterolaemia, primary dyslipidaemia, education, Genetic testing, Government, Public health, EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) Investigators, SAFEHEART REGISTRY, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Business, FOLLOW-UP
Abstract

PubMed: 30270054, 2-s2.0-85053666909, Background and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ?2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ?60% countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V., Universidade de São Paulo, USP European Atherosclerosis Society, EAS Amgen Merck Sharp and Dohme, MSD, The ELSA Study suggests heterozygous FH (HeFH) may affect 1:263 Brazilians (?766,000 individuals). Currently, the only active genetic cascade screening program in Brazil is Hipercol Brasil in Sao Paulo (genetic testing for adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ?230?mg/dL, to maximise cost-effectiveness), with 1719 heterozygotes, 25 homozygotes, 13 compound-heterozygotes and one double-heterozygote identified by March 2018. To date, 4340 individuals from 440 families were screened. Genetic testing is funded by a government tax reduction programme (PROADI-SUS), and cascade screening by partnering between Samaritano Hospital and Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo. Most FH patients are under non-specialist care and currently under-treated., Prevalence is unknown but assumed at 1:250. There is no state programme and few patients were diagnosed before the Latvian FH Registry was established in 2015. To date, the Registry has identified 181 cases (2.3% of 7876 estimated HeFH cases; no HoFH). Cascade screening is performed in first-degree relatives of index cases with probable/definite FH. Genetic testing is not reimbursed but has been funded by research grants for a few patients/relatives. About 5% of patients had LDL-C at target before inclusion in the Registry [ 61 ]. Statins are reimbursed 50% in primary prevention; statins and ezetimibe, 75–100% in secondary prevention; PCSK9i are available, but not reimbursed., Estimated prevalence is 1:250 (based on a meta-analysis of 6 observational studies) or 136,300 adults (only 2% diagnosed) [ 69 , 70 ]. Based on LIPIDOGRAM studies (2004–2015, ?50,000 participants), prevalence might be?1:200 [ 71 , 72 ]. Five HoFH cases are described [ 73 , 74 ]. Patients with DLCN ?3 are referred for genetic testing, funded by the National Health Program. The National Centre for FH at University Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Gdansk, was established in 2017, financed by the Ministry of Health. From August 2017, 345 patients underwent genetic testing (153 positive, including 46 relatives; 1 HoFH). Since 1999, 1884 patients (562 families) have undergone genetic testing and cascade diagnosis (data from the National Polish FH Registry, Medical University of Gdansk, established in 2000). PCSK9i are not reimbursed (under discussion with the Ministry of Health)., The EAS FHSC project has received support from a Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning & Change 2014 (No: 16157823 ) and from investigator-initiated unrestricted research grants to the European Atherosclerosis Society from Amgen , MSD , and Sanofi-Aventis .

Published
2018

33. Phytoestrogens by inhibiting the non-classical oestrogen receptor, overcome the adverse effect of bisphenol A on hFOB 1.19 cells.

Author

Thent, Zar Chi, Anisah Froemming, Gabriele Ruth, Mohd Ismail, Aletza Binti, Syed Ahmad Fuad, Syed Baharom, and Muid, Suhaila

Subjects
PHYTOESTROGENS, BISPHENOL A, BISPHENOLS, ESTROGEN, MITOGEN-activated protein kinases, G protein coupled receptors, BONES
Abstract

Objective(s): Since bisphenol A (BPA) induces bone loss and phytoestrogens enhance the osteoblastogenesis by binding to the non-classical and classical oestrogen receptors, respectively, the present study was aimed to observe the osteoprotective effect of phytoestrogens on BPA-induced osteoblasts in hFOB 1.19 cells. Materials and Methods: All groups of hFOB 1.19 cells were induced with 12.5 μg/ml of BPA except the control (Ctrl) group. Meanwhile, treated groups received phytoestrogens; Daidzein (Dz), Genistein (Gt), Equol (Eq) and 17β-oestradiol (Est) in different concentrations for 24 hr duration. Results: We found that the protein expression of non-classical oestrogen-related receptor (ERRG) was highly expressed in BPA group, whereas classical oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) were relatively increased with phytoestrogens treatment under BPA exposure. The dense actin cytoskeletal filaments were also observed. qRT-PCR showed up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) expressions; significant downregulation of ERRG and up-regulation of ERα and ERβ were observed in phytoestrogens-treated cells, which was supported by the increased expressions of oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2). Conclusion: Phytoestrogens improved the deteriorative effect of BPA via down-regulation of ERRG in hFOB 1.19 cells. This study showed that the efficacy of consumption of phytoestrogens in rendering them as potential therapeutic strategy in combating the adverse bone effects of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Effects of Prolonged Confined Isolation on Status of Inflammation, Endothelial Activation and Function: In Preparation for Possible Future Manned Space Expedition to Mars.

Author

Rahman, Thuhairah, Ahmad, Radzi, Muid, Suhaila, Tengku Saifudin, Tengku Ismail, Buravkova, Ludmila B., and Nawawi, Hapizah

Subjects
BRACHIAL artery, MARS (Planet), INFLAMMATION, ENDOTHELIUM diseases, SPACE flight
Abstract

Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are key components in atherogenesis. Should the status of these pro-atherogenesis factors be enhanced during prolonged confined space travel, specific countermeasures need to be instituted to prevent these processes to ensure safe outcome for astronauts during space expeditions. Six crew members were exposed to prolonged, confined isolation for 520 days. Standard exercise and diet regime were instituted throughout isolation phase. Age and gender-matched healthy, free living controls were recruited in parallel. Serial serum and whole blood were analysed for biomarkers of inflammation (hsCRP and IL-6) and endothelial activation (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin). Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the artery was performed following the standard protocols set by the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force by trained personnel. There was decreased sVCAM-1 concentration in crew members compared to baseline. However, there was significant decrease in percentage dilatation from baseline in FMD of the brachial artery in the crew members. Percent change increment was observed in hsCRP while percent change reduction was seen in sVCAM-1. The enhanced inflammation and reduced endothelial function could possibly be attributed to the rigorous exercise instituted throughout the confinement period. Furthermore, possible haemoconcentration as a result of psychosocial stress and/ or exercise-induced physiological response could further explain elevations in hsCRP, and unlikely pathological. Furthermore, endothelial activation was attenuated during isolation, suggesting that the diet and exercise program instated throughout the period improved endothelial function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

35. Diagnostic performance of various familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnostic criteria compared to Dutch lipid clinic criteria in an Asian population

Author

Abdul-Razak, Suraya, primary, Rahmat, Radzi, additional, Mohd Kasim, Alicezah, additional, Rahman, Thuhairah Abdul, additional, Muid, Suhaila, additional, Nasir, Nadzimah Mohd, additional, Ibrahim, Zubin, additional, Kasim, Sazzli, additional, Ismail, Zaliha, additional, Abdul Ghani, Rohana, additional, Sanusi, Abdul Rais, additional, Rosman, Azhari, additional, and Nawawi, Hapizah, additional

Published
2017
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38. Effects of prolonged isolation in a confined space on status of oxidative stress and prothrombogenesis: In preparation for possible future manned space expedition to Mars.

Author

MUID, Suhaila, ABU BAKAR, Nurul Ain, ABDUL RAHMAN, Thuhairah, TENGKU ISMAIL, Tengku Saifudin, KHOLIN, Sergey F., SUVOROV, A. V., BURAVKOVA, Ludmila, and NAWAWI, Hapizah

Abstract

Introduction: Apart from inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, other key components in the development of atherogenesis include prothrombogenesis and oxidative stress. The effects of long-term confinement and isolation, exposure to radiation and different gravity forces during space travel could potentially increase the long-term risk of atherosclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study determining the status of prothrombogenesis and oxidative stress in six cosmonauts subjected to the longest duration of confined isolation period of 520 days in preparation for prospective undetermined manned space travel to Mars. Materials and Methods: This collaborative research between the National Space Agency (ANGKASA), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia and Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP), Russia was conducted at the Russian Academy of Sciences IBMP, Moscow, Russia. Six multi-national cosmonauts were assigned to live in a ground-based confined module for 520 days. Standard exercise and diet regime were instituted throughout the isolation phase. Six age, ethnic and gender-matched healthy, free-living ground controls were recruited in parallel. Serial serum and whole blood were analysed for biomarkers of prothrombogenesis [plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and homocysteine] and oxidative stress [oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA)]. Results: There were significantly lower concentrations of PAI-1 and homocysteine in cosmonauts during confinement compared to the controls. There were no significant differences seen in the concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress during confinement but there was a significant percentage change increment for serum MDA in cosmonauts. Conclusion: Long-term confinement decreased the risk of prothrombogenesis and this could be attributed to the exercise and diet regime which includes omega-3 fatty acids supplementation given to the crew members during their confinement period. However, oxidative damage could not be excluded and may be attributed to the influence of psychological stress during this prolonged confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

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