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The main objective of protecting ecosystems and enhancing the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) is to quantify the value of ecological services. This article calculates the ecological service value (ESV) of the Tarim Basin over the past 40 years using the improved benefits transfer method of satellite remote sensing data, such as Landsat, analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ESV, and studies the driving mechanism of ESV changes using GeoDetector. Finally, the FLUS model was selected to predict the ecosystem service value until 2030, setting up three scenarios: the Baseline Scenario (BLS), the Cultivated Land Protection Scenario (CPS), and the Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS). The results indicate that (1) the ESV in the Tarim Basin decreased by USD 1248.21 million (−2.29%) from 1980 to 2020. The top three contributors are water bodies, wetlands, and grassland. (2) Waste treatment and water supply functions had the highest service value, accounting for 44.53% of the total contribution. The rank order of ecosystem functions in terms of their contribution to the total value of ESV was as follows, refining from high to low importance: water supply, waste treatment, biodiversity protection, climate regulation, soil formation, recreation and culture, gas regulation, food production, raw material. (3) The spatial differentiation driving factors of ESV were detected, with the following Q-values in descending order: net primary productivity (NPP) > normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) > precipitation > aspect > temperature > slope > soil erosion > GDP > land use intensity > per capita GDP > population > human activity index. (4) The ESVs simulated under the three scenarios (BLS, CPS, and EPS) for 2030 were USD 51,133.9 million, USD 53,624.99 million, and USD 54,561.26 million, respectively. Compared with 2020, the ESVs of the three scenarios decreased as follows: BLS (USD 4209.33 million), CPS (USD 1718.24 million), and EPS USD (−781.97 million). These findings are significant for maintaining the integrity and sustainability of the large-scale ecosystem, where socioeconomic development and the fragile features of the natural ecosystem interact. Additionally, the study results provide a crucial foundation for governmental decision-makers, local residents, and environmental researchers in northwest China to promote sustainable development.

With the rapid development of computer technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology research has gained prominence in modern medicine. Artificial intelligence-related research in ophthalmology previously focused on the screening and diagnosis of fundus diseases, particularly diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Since fundus images are relatively fixed, their standards are easy to unify. Artificial intelligence research related to ocular surface diseases has also increased. The main issue with research on ocular surface diseases is that the images involved are complex, with many modalities. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current artificial intelligence research and technologies used to diagnose ocular surface diseases such as pterygium, keratoconus, infectious keratitis, and dry eye to identify mature artificial intelligence models that are suitable for research of ocular surface diseases and potential algorithms that may be used in the future.

Abstract Background This study aimed to identify the factors underlying the metastasis of breast cancer and sentinel lymph nodes and to screen and analyze the risk factors of sentinel lymph node metastasis to provide a reference and basis for clinical work. Methods A total of 99 patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. These patients received treatment in our hospital between May 2017 and May 2020. The general information, characteristics of the color Doppler echocardiography, molybdenum, conventional pathology, and molecular pathology of the patients were collected. Factors influencing sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results In this study, age, tumor diameter, BI-RADS category, pathology type, expression profiles of CK5/6, EGFR, and CK19, and TP53 and BRAC1/2 mutations were independent risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer (P < 0.05). The number and locations of tumors, quadrant of tumors, regularity of tumor margins, presence of blood flow signals, presence of posterior echo attenuation, presence of calcification, histological grade, molecular typing, and mutations of BRAF, ATM, and PALB2 were irrelevant factors (P > 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, age, tumor diameter, BI-RADS category, invasive type, expression of CK5/6, EGFR, and CK19, and mutations in TP53 and BRAC1/2 were positively correlated with sentinel lymph node metastasis. These independent risk factors should be given more attention in clinical studies to strengthen the management and control of sentinel lymph node metastasis in high-risk breast cancer and support early chemotherapy or targeted therapy.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Current treatments mainly rely on immunosuppressants, which lack specificity and pose challenges during treatment. This study aims to deeply explore the molecular pathogenic mechanism of SLE through gene expression databases (GEO) and bioinformatics analysis methods, combined with Mendelian randomization analysis, to provide key clues for new therapeutic targets. Methods: In this study, the SLE-related gene chip dataset GSE65391 was selected from the GEO database, and the data were preprocessed and statistically analyzed using R language and bioinformatics tools. Differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for functional annotation and pathway localization. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to identify core genes closely related to SLE risk, and immune cell infiltration analysis and compound molecular docking studies were performed on the core gene ISG15. Results: The study successfully screened 3,456 DEGs and identified core gene modules highly related to SLE through WGCNA analysis, including key genes closely related to the pathogenesis of SLE, such as STAT1, DDX58, ISG15, IRF7, and IFIH1. In particular, this study found a significant positive correlation between the ISG15 gene and SLE, suggesting that it may be a potential risk factor for SLE. Additionally, through molecular docking technology, it was discovered that the ISG15 gene can effectively bind to two compounds, genistein, and flavopiridol, which have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, respectively. This provides new potential drug targets for SLE treatment. Discussion: As an immunomodulatory cytokine, ISG15 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study found that variations in the ISG15 gene may increase the risk of SLE and exacerbate inflammatory responses and tissue damage through multiple mechanisms. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that genistein and flavopiridol can effectively bind to ISG15, offering a new approach for SLE treatment. These two compounds, with their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, have the potential to slow the progression of SLE by influencing the expression and function of ISG15. Conclusion: Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis, this study deeply explored the molecular pathogenic mechanism of SLE and successfully identified ISG15 as a potential therapeutic target for SLE. Simultaneously, molecular docking technology revealed that two compounds, genistein and flavopiridol, have potential therapeutic effects with ISG15, providing new potential drugs for SLE treatment. These discoveries not only enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE but also provide important clues for developing new treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Arsenic metabolism enzymes can affect the toxic effects of arsenic. However, the effects of different genders on the metabolites and metabolic enzymes in liver arsenic metabolism is still unclear. This study analyzed the gender differences of various arsenic metabolites and metabolic enzymes and further explored the effects of gender differences on arsenic metabolism in liver tissues of rats. Methods Rats were treated with high/medium/low doses of iAs3+ or iAs5+. Liver pathological changes were observed with electron microscopy. The monomethyl aracid (MMA) and dimethyl aracid (DMA) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), arsenate respiratory reductase (ARR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), pyruvate kinase (PK), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) SAM, ARR, NAD, PNP, PK, and MPO were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RT-qPCR was used to determine Arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT). Results The iAs3+ and iAs5+ at high doses induced pathological changes in the liver, such as increased heterochromatin and lipid droplets. Compared within the same group, MMA and DMA were statistically significant in iAs3 + high, iAs3 + medium and iAs5+ low dose groups (P

Background: The DESTINY-Breast03 clinical trial demonstrated that trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) outperformed trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Considering the excessive cost of antibody-drug conjugates, the clinical value of T-DXd must be assessed by both its efficacy and cost. We compared the cost-effectiveness of T-DXd and T-DM1 for patients with HER2-positive mBC pretreated with anti-HER2 antibodies and a taxane from the perspectives of the United States (US) and China.Methods: A comprehensive Markov model based on the DESTINY-Breast03 phase III randomized clinical trial was used to compared the cost and effectiveness of T-DXd and T-DM1 for HER2-positive mBC. Data on direct medical cost and utilities were collected from published literatures. The recorded data included the costs, quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental net-health benefit (INHB). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to measure the potential uncertainty due to parameter variability. Additional subgroup cost-effectiveness analysis was performed.Results: Treatment of HER2-positive mBC with T-DXd gained 0.73 QALYs compared with T-DM1 strategy. The incremental cost was $59,942 in the US, with an ICER of $ 82,112/QALY and an INHB of 0.33 QALYs, respectively. In China, the incremental cost of T-DXd versus T-DM1 was $222,680, with an ICER of $305,041/QALY and a negative INHB of -5.18 QALYs. At willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000/QALY in the US and $37,653/QALY in China, the probability of T-DXd as the dominant option was 77.5 and 0.1%, respectively. The unit price of T-DXd greatly influenced the results according to one-way sensitivity analysis. To meet the 50% or 90% chance of being cost-effective, the estimated cost of T-DXd would need to be less than $17.24/mg and $12.06/mg in China, respectively.Conclusion: T-DXd is more cost-effective than T-DM1 for patients with HER2-positive mBC in the US, but not in China at current drug prices.

It is of great significance to design photoelectrodes with high carrier separation and transport efficiency in photocatalytic water separation systems. In this study, we used a simple electrochemical deposition method to regulate the load of co‐catalyst CoP on TiO2 nanorods to improve the photoelectrochemical properties. The photocurrent density of TiO2/CoP (20) photoanode at 1.23 V increases to 1.57 mA/cm2, which is 3.4 times that of original TiO2. Long‐term photoelectrolysis reveals that this electrode has excellent stability. Mechanistic studies support the role of CoP nanoparticles in improving photoelectrochemical property and imply that the excellent photoelectrochemical property of TiO2/CoP photoanode is mainly ascribed to the suppress of surface photogenerated electrons and holes recombination due to the construction of built‐in electric field between TiO2 and CoP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of protecting ecosystems and enhancing the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) is to quantify the value of ecological services. This article calculates the ecological service value (ESV) of the Tarim Basin over the past 40 years using the improved benefits transfer method of satellite remote sensing data, such as Landsat, analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ESV, and studies the driving mechanism of ESV changes using GeoDetector. Finally, the FLUS model was selected to predict the ecosystem service value until 2030, setting up three scenarios: the Baseline Scenario (BLS), the Cultivated Land Protection Scenario (CPS), and the Ecological Protection Scenario (EPS). The results indicate that (1) the ESV in the Tarim Basin decreased by USD 1248.21 million (−2.29%) from 1980 to 2020. The top three contributors are water bodies, wetlands, and grassland. (2) Waste treatment and water supply functions had the highest service value, accounting for 44.53% of the total contribution. The rank order of ecosystem functions in terms of their contribution to the total value of ESV was as follows, refining from high to low importance: water supply, waste treatment, biodiversity protection, climate regulation, soil formation, recreation and culture, gas regulation, food production, raw material. (3) The spatial differentiation driving factors of ESV were detected, with the following Q-values in descending order: net primary productivity (NPP) > normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) > precipitation > aspect > temperature > slope > soil erosion > GDP > land use intensity > per capita GDP > population > human activity index. (4) The ESVs simulated under the three scenarios (BLS, CPS, and EPS) for 2030 were USD 51,133.9 million, USD 53,624.99 million, and USD 54,561.26 million, respectively. Compared with 2020, the ESVs of the three scenarios decreased as follows: BLS (USD 4209.33 million), CPS (USD 1718.24 million), and EPS USD (−781.97 million). These findings are significant for maintaining the integrity and sustainability of the large-scale ecosystem, where socioeconomic development and the fragile features of the natural ecosystem interact. Additionally, the study results provide a crucial foundation for governmental decision-makers, local residents, and environmental researchers in northwest China to promote sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the increased use of chairside CAD/CAM among Chinese dental practitioners, and to explore the existing barriers influencing its further application and satisfaction levels. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to gather respondents' demographic information, as well as their experiences and behaviours regarding the implementation of chairside CAD/CAM. A specialised web-based survey system and WeChat were used to display and distribute the final questionnaire. Then, the data were analysed with Chi-square tests and regression analyses to determine the effects of various demographic variables on chairside CAD/CAM applications. Results: A total of 1,969 questionnaire responses were included in the analyses. Chairside CAD/CAM systems were used by 36.9% of participants, with a higher usage rate observed among prosthodontists (60.0%) and dental practitioners holding a PhD degree (57.7%). Chairside CAD/CAM-fabricated prostheses were most commonly used in the posterior maxilla (83.3%) and mandible (86.0%), followed by the anterior maxilla and mandible (63.8% and 48.6%, respectively). Major barriers to further application included high initial investment, frequent updates of equipment and software programs, and a lack of expertise in chairside CAD/CAM usage. Conclusion: Most dental practitioners did not use chairside CAD/CAM systems. The application rate was significantly influenced by sex, location, educational background, department and type of healthcare facility. Chairside CAD/CAM users showed limited satisfaction with the aesthetic performance of the fabricated prostheses. To improve the popularity of chairside CAD/CAM systems, especially among dental practitioners lacking advanced academic degrees, it is highly advisable to optimise CAD software programs and offer comprehensive training opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]