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Several scientific evidence supports the use of Hybanthus enneaspermus leaves in the management of female sexual inadequacies. Additionally, fluoxetine is a reproductive toxicant that induces sexual dysfunction. To determine the modulating role of aqueous extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus leaves on fluoxetine-induced gonado-toxicity, sixty healthy, sexually-responsive female rats (157.21 ± 6.89) were divided into six groups (A–F) comprising of 10 rats each. Group A (control group) were administered distilled water only, Group B-F received orally 15 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of fluoxetine prepared daily for 14 days for the induction of anti-oestrogenicity and subsequently received 0.5ml of distilled water, 20 mg/kg b.w of a reference drug (Tadalafil) and 0.5 mL equivalent to 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w of the extract respectively, orally, once daily (08:00-08:45h) for 7 days. Fluoxetine reduced serum oestrogen concentrations by 54.79% and significantly reduced (p

Abstract Novel pectin-based films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) and activated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by solvent-casting method. Film ingredients enhanced UV-blocking, thermal, and antibacterial properties of active films against well-known foodborne pathogens. Optimal active films exhibited higher mechanical, water vapor barrier properties compared to pristine pectin films. SEM confirmed the even distribution of CNC and ZnO NPs in pectin matrix and their interactions were proven using FTIR. Wrapping hard cheese samples artificially contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica with the ternary nanocomposite film at 7 °C for 5 days significantly reduced the total population counts by at least 1.02 log CFU/g. Zn2+ migrating to wrapped cheese samples was below the specific limit (5 mg/kg), confirming their safety for food contact. Overall, ZnO/CNC/pectin nanocomposite films represent promising candidates for active food packaging as safe, eco-friendly alternatives for synthetic packaging materials.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تقيم هذه الدراسة مستويات المصل لعامل النمو الشبيه بالأنسولين -١ وسكلروستين كعلامات لانخفاض تكوين العظام لدى النساء قبل انقطاع الطمث المصابات بداء السكري من النوع ٢. طرق البحث: تم إجراء دراسة مقطعية حيث تم قياس مستويات مصل عامل النمو الشبيه بالأنسولين -١ وسكلروستين في مصل ٤٠ امرأة قبل انقطاع الطمث مع أو بدون داء السكري باستخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالإنزيم. وتمت مقارنة مستويات عامل النمو الشبيه بالأنسولين -١ وسكلروستين بين المجموعات. النتائج: كان متوسط مستويات عامل النمو الشبيه بالأنسولين -١ في الدم ٤٠.٦٠نانوغرام / مل و٤٢.٧ نانوغرام / مل في المجموعات المصابة بالسكري وغير المصابة بالسكري، على التوالي مع عدم وجود فرق معنوي. كانت مستويات سكليروستين في المصل أعلى بكثير في مجموعة مرضى السكري مقارنة بالمجموعة غير المصابة بالسكري، ١٣٢.١ بيكوغرام / مل و٩٦.٠بيكوغرام / مل، على التوالي. الاستنتاجات: كانت مستويات سكليروستين أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في النساء في فترة ما قبل انقطاع الطمث المصابات بداء السكري مقارنة مع غير المصابات بداء السكري. نظرا لأن سكلروستين يؤثر على تمايز ونضج بانيات العظم، فقد يكون من المحتمل أن يكون سكلروستين المصل مفيدا كعلامة على انخفاض تكوين العظام لدى النساء المصابات بالسكري قبل انقطاع الطمث. Abstract: Objectives: This study assesses the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and sclerostin as markers of decreased bone formation in premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure serum levels of IGF-1 and sclerostin in 40 premenopausal women with and without diabetes mellitus using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of IGF-1 and sclerostin were compared between the groups using the Mann Whitney test and unpaired t-test, respectively. Results: The median IGF-1 serum levels were 40.60 ng/mL and 42.7 ng/mL in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups, respectively, with no significant difference. The serum levels of sclerostin were significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group (132.1 pg/mL and 96.0 pg/mL, respectively; p

Background: COVID-19 has emerged as the most serious pandemic in the 21st century to date. COVID-19 patients may develop various disease symptoms that hinder the accurate clinical diagnosis. Summary: Routine diagnosis of COVID-19 requires complementary investigations, including computed tomography, immunological assays, and molecular assays like real-time RT-PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS), and CRISPR-based assays. Clinically approved antiviral drugs available for the COVID-19 treatment are very limited. The most common measurements that enhance health condition and patients’ viability are conservation fluid management, oxygen therapy, and antibiotics. Several therapeutic options have been developed or repurposed to prevent virus replication and/or modulate the immune response against virus infection. These options include various drugs that affect virus entry and membrane fusion, inhibit polymerase and protease activity, suppress the host pro-inflammatory cytokines, and utilize cell therapy approaches. Key Messages: In this review, we aimed to provide an up-to-date discussion on the current diagnostic options and therapeutic strategies used to control and manage COVID-19 in clinical and point-of-care settings.

Abstract Background The objective of this study is to see whether a rapid method of pleurodesis is superior to the standard protocol in patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. Patients and methods This is a prospective, randomized control study that was held in Ain-Shams University Hospitals and included 30 patients diagnosed with malignant pleural effusion. Thirty patients who had been diagnosed with malignant pleural effusion histologically and/or cytologically were assessed and they were divided into two groups. Group A: 10 patients submitted to the standard pleurodesis technique using 24 or 28 F thoracotomy tube. Group B: 20 patients submitted to the rapid pleurodesis technique using pigtail (12 F). Pleurodesis was done by vibramycin and follow up of the patients was done with chest radiography at 1, 3, and 6 months after pleurodesis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic features, site of the primary tumor, disease characteristics, and response rates in any evaluation period in both groups. However, the number of days of drainage and hospitalization were significantly lower in the second group. Conclusion This new pleurodesis method provided a shorter hospital stay resulting in superior cost-effectiveness and palliation without sacrificing the efficacy of pleurodesis.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is largely implicated in a molecular mechanism involving initiation, development and progression of leukaemogenesis. Trévo® supplement is a multiherbal formula produced from various phytonutrients with antioxidant potential. We investigated the antioxidant activities of Trèvo® supplement as a prospect for leukaemia treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 36 Wistar rats weighing between 140 g and 160g. They were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (positive controls) were induced with 0.2 ml benzene chromosolv solution 48 hourly for 4 consecutive weeks and fed with rat pellets without Trévo® supplement. Group 2 (negative controls) received only rat pellets. Group 3 received only normal dose of Trévo® supplement with rat pellets. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were induced for 4 weeks followed with low-, moderate- and high-dose Trévo® supplement for 3 weeks with rat pellets, respectively. Glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (TP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) plasma concentrations were assayed simultaneously. Results: Induction of leukaemia was evidenced in positive controls by elevated total white blood cell counts (marked with lymphocytosis) and mild anaemia with reduced haemoglobin counts. Furthermore, GSH, CAT and TP levels for graded dosages of Trévo®-treated groups (following benzene induction) showed statistically significant elevations (P < 0.05) compared to the benzene-induced positive controls, whereas MDA and GGT levels with high-dose Trévo® treatment showed statistically significant reductions (P < 0.05) compared to the positive controls. Conclusions: Trévo® supplement exhibited profound antioxidant potential indicated by improvement from leukaemia after oral administration. This amelioration is believed to be associated with the nutritional supplement in a dose-dependent manner.

Background: A combination of azithromycin & isotretinoin has been used for treatment of Severe nodulocystic acne before, however, an optimal scheduled doses regimen of such combination remained to be elucidated. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of using a new combination of fixed low doses of isotretinoin and azithromycin in an alternative days regimen in treatment of severe nodulocystic acne in Iraqi patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective open-labeled clinical study in which 54 young adult and adolescent patients with severe nodulocystic acne were recruited for the study at the Department of Dermatology in Basra General Hospital during from May-October 2015. The patients were received a combination of fixed dose of isotretinoin 20 mg thrice weekly and 500 mg azithromycin given orally thrice weekly on alternating days and one day off for 12 weeks. The participants was assessed before, during and after treatment. The calculation of percentage and scoring of reduction of acne lesions was also carried out. Results: There was a marked reduction in the inflammatory lesions at the first 4 weeks of the treatment, with a significant clearance of 38.4% of the papular lesions, 63.5% of pustular and 43% of the nodular lesions. At the end of the study, there was a significant reduction in the number of the inflammatory lesions, with the clearance of 76% of the papules, 96% of the pustules and 86% of the nodules. The most frequent adverse effects reported was dryness of face and lips. Conclusion: Fixed dose of azithromycin 500 mg combined with isotretinoin 20 mg on alternating day regimen proved to be effective, safe & well tolerated regimen for treatment of severe nodulocystic acne with high score of patient satisfaction.

The persistence of bacterial pathogens within environmental matrices plays an important role in the epidemiology of diseases, as well as impacts biosurveillance strategies. However, the adaptation potentials, mechanisms for survival, and ecological interactions of pathogenic bacteria such as Yersinia pestis are largely uncharacterized owing to the difficulty of profiling their phenotypic signatures. In this report, we describe studies on Y. pestis organisms cultured within soil matrices, which are among the most important reservoirs for their propagation. Morphological (nanoscale) and phenotypic analysis are presented at the single cell level conducted using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), coupled with biochemical profiles of bulk populations using Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Profiling (FAME). These studies are facilitated by a novel, customizable, 3D printed diffusion chamber that allows for control of the external environment and easy harvesting of cells. The results show that incubation within soil matrices lead to reduction of cell size and an increase in surface hydrophobicity. FAME profiles indicate shifts in unsaturated fatty acid compositions, while other fatty acid components of the phospholipid membrane or surface lipids remained consistent across culturing conditions, suggesting that phenotypic shifts may be driven by non-lipid components of Y. pestis.

Atqah AbdulWahab,1 Saad J Taj-Aldeen,2 Emad Ibrahim,2 Shaikha H Abdulla,3 Ramees Muhammed,3 Irshad Ahmed,3 Yasmine Abdeen,4 Omnia Sadek,4 Marawan Abu-Madi4 1Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, 2Microbiology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, 3Molecular Biology Unit, Central Food Laboratories, Supreme Council of Health, 4Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the primary pathogens isolated more frequently in cystic fibrosis (CF) and it exhibits innate resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Purpose: We sought to determine whether the highly prevalent genotypes of P. aeruginosa are specifically linked to CF patients and have any related multidrug antibiotic resistance. Isolates from hospitalized non-CF patients and from environmental sources were also genotypically analyzed. Methods: Collections of P. aeruginosa from lower respiratory secretions (n=45) were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypic screening for antibiotic susceptibility was performed for the common antimicrobial agents by E-test and automated Phoenix method. Results: P. aeruginosa isolates from CF (n=32), hospitalized non-CF patients (n=13), and environment sources (n=5) were analyzed. The population structure of P. aeruginosa is highly diverse and population-specific. All PFGE results of P. aeruginosa isolates fall among four major clusters. Cluster 1 contained 16 P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients and two from environmental sources; cluster 2 contained 11 P. aeruginosa isolates from CF and one each from non-CF and environmental sources; cluster 3 contained 12 P. aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized non-CF patients and two P. aeruginosa isolates from one CF patient and one environmental source; and cluster 4 consisted of three isolates from CF patients and one from the environment. The majority of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were in clusters 3 and 4. P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients were resistant to ciprofloxacin (34.4%) followed by resistance to amikacin and gentamicin (each 28%), whereas the majority of isolates from non-CF patients were resistant to meropenem (69%) and were grouped in cluster 3. Conclusion: PFGE of P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients shows a high degree of similarity, suggesting specific adaptation of these clones to CF-affected lungs. The hospitalized non-CF cluster has a different clonal origin, indicating specific clustering in a specific location, suggesting hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa infections. Keywords: cystic fibrosis, drug susceptibility testing, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has increasingly been recognized as a cost-effective method for fabricating intricate metallic parts, especially from nickel-based superalloys. This review covers key aspects of WAAM, including its versatile heat sources (GTAW, GMAW, CMT, and PAW) with unique advantages and limitations for customization. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) principles are highlighted, enabling intricate geometries and addressing support structures, distortion control, and orientation. Several nickel-based superalloys (e.g., Inconel 718, Inconel 625, Inconel 617, Hastelloy C276, Hastelloy X, Haynes 282) are rigorously evaluated for WAAM suitability due to their high-temperatureature strength, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. The review analyzes process parameters like arc current, wire feed rate, and deposition path. It explores defect detection and prevention strategies and emphasizes post-processing methods (heat treatment, rolling, hot isostatic pressing) in enhancing microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties. Microstructural characterization techniques (optical microscopy and XRD) provide insights into grain structure, phase composition, and defect presence. In conclusion, this review underscores the paramount suitability of WAAM for producing defect-free and complex structures in nickel-based superalloys. Ongoing research and advancements in WAAM will undoubtedly improve its competitiveness and unlock its full potential in the field of additive manufacturing.

يهدف البحث إلى بيان معالم الدولة الإسلامية، والتي ينشدها الإسلام ويرتضيها كياناً لاتباعه، وتَبين أن أهم المعالم هي: رعايتها للكرمة الإنسانية بدون تمييز، وتحقيقها للعدالة المطلقة، ودعوتها إلى هداية الناس في كل مكان وزمان، ومرجعيتها القائمة على أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية، مع ضرورة وجود الدستور وعدم الاستبداد في الحكم، وتميزها بالدعوة إلى الفضيلة والأخلاق من خلال بث الفضيلة ومحاربة الرذيلة، ونشر المعروف، ومنع المنكر والنهي عنه، وتوطيدها للمنظومة الأمنية من خلال رعاية المصالح الكلية، وحماية المجتمع من المفسدين والمجرمين، والأخذ على أيديهم بالعقوبات الزاجرة الرادعة، وتحقيق الكفاية في الحاجات الأساسية لرعاياها حتى لا يقعوا في الحرج والمشقة، وتأمين العمل للقادرين عليه بما يناسب قدراتهم، كل ذلك في ظل نظام يهدف لرضى الله عز وجل، ويحقق للناس السعادة في الدنيا والآخرة.