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Amaç: Kansere bağlı ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden biri olan mide kanserinin alt tiplerinden biri de diffüz tip mide kanseridir. Çalışmamızda mide kanseri tanı ve takibinde sıklıkla kullanılan bir görüntüleme yöntemi olan F-18 ile işaretli florodeoksiglukoz Pozitron emisyon tomografisinin, diffüz tip mide kanseri alt tiplerinde sonuçlarının retrospektif olarak araştırılması ve literatür ışığında gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya tek merkezde diffüz tip mide kanseri tanısı konulan 44 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik, patolojik ve Pozitron emisyon tomografi verileri analiz edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların yaş ortalaması 61.93 idi. Hastaların 16’sı (%36.4) kadın, 28’i (%63.5) erkekti. Endoskopik ve cerrahi olarak alınan spesimenlerin histopatolojik sonuçları incelendiğinde, diffüz tip mide kanserli hastalar; 36’sı (%81.8) taşlı yüzük hücreli mide kanseri, 8’i (%18.2) zayıf kohezif tip mide kanseriydi. Hastaların 8’inde (%18.2) düşük florodeoksiglukoz tutulumu görülürken, 36 hastada (%81.8) yüksek tutulumu mevcuttu. Hastaların 19’unda metastaz vardı. SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolik tümör hacmi ve toplam lezyon glikoliz değerleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında, taşlı yüzük hücreli mide kanserleri ile zayıf kohezif tip mide kanserleri arasında ve metastaz varlığı ile yokluğu arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p, Objective: One of the subtypes of stomach cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, is diffuse-type stomach cancer. In our study, it was aimed to retrospectively investigate the results of F-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, which is an imaging method frequently used in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastric cancer, in diffuse type gastric cancer subtypes and to review patient data in the light of the literatüreMaterial and Methods: Forty-four patients diagnosed with diffuse-type gastric cancer in a single center were included in the study. Clinical, pathological and positron emission tomography data of the patients were analyzed.Results: The mean age of the patients was 61.93. Sixteen (36.4%) of the patients were female, 28 (63.5%) were male. When the histopathological results of specimens obtained by endoscopic and surgical methods are examined, diffuse-type stomach cancer patients; 36 (81.8%) were Signet-Ring Cell, 8 (18.2%) were weak poorly cohesive type gastric cancer. Low F-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose involvement was observed in 8 (18.2%) patients, while high involvement was observed in 36 (81.8%). Nineteen of the patients had metastases. When SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis values were compared, a significant correlation was found between signet ring cell gastric cancers and weak cohesive type gastric cancers, and between presence and absence of metastasis (p

Background: Corrosive esophageal burns have high morbidity and mortality. The effective treatment is controversial. In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of resveratrol (RSV) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) on healing in the corrosive esophagitis model in rats. Material and methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups each as esophagitis, control, PRP and RSV groups. No treatment was administered to the control group. The esophagitis model was induced in the esophagitis and treatment groups. The esophagitis group was not treated. PRP group was treated with PRP, RSV group was treated with RSV. Pathological and biochemical examinations were performed from distal esophagitis. Results: The highest tissue IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were observed in the esophagitis group. The lowest tissue IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were noted in the control group. The highest tissue TAS levels were observed in the control group. The lowest tissue TAS levels were noted in the esophagitis group. The other groups had significantly lower mean tissue TOS and OSI levels than the esophagitis group (P

Background/Aim: Tacrolimus is a commonly used agent for immunosuppression in organ transplantation with known nephrotoxic effects. We think that kidney-sparing therapy should be added to current treatment protocols. We aimed to observe the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) against the adverse effects of tacrolimus (TAC) on rat kidneys. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into the following three groups of eight rats each: Control, TAC, and RSV. The control group was not treated in any way. Tacrolimus was administered to the TAC group. In addition to tacrolimus use, resveratrol was administered to the RSV group. At the end of the experiment, one kidney was used for histopathological examination and the other, for biochemical examination. Results were analyzed statistically.Results: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-Alpha levels in the control group were significantly lower than those in TAC and RSV groups (IL-1; P

Background: High levels of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which have been found to be abnormally expressed in many tumor types, are known to contribute to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis. Therefore, specific targeting of PLK1 is an important strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of SBE13, one of the PLK1 inhibitors, against HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells and its apoptotic potential. Methods: The cytotoxic effect of SBE13 on HT29 was determined by XTT colorimetric assay. Flow cytometry was also used to determine apoptosis. Results: SBE13 showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in HT29 cells and its IC50 value was calculated as 11.79 µM for 48 h. Moreover, the Annexin V binding assay revealed that SBE13 treatment significantly increased the apoptosis in HT29 cells. Conclusion: Generally, SBE13 exerts a cytotoxic effect promoted by apoptosis in colon cancer cells HT29. Although the anticancer efficacy of SBE13 in colon cancer is promising, this potential effect should be reinforced by further studies.

Background/Aim: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes serious clinical problems and carries high morbidity and mortality risks. Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is known as an anti-inflammatory immunomodulator and antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the curative effects of GL on intestinal I/R injury in rats.Methods: Twenty-four Wistar-Albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups. After 30/90 minutes of I/R, intestinal and hepatic tissue examples were histologically examined. Biochemical analysis, serum, intestinal and hepatic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured. Results: The I/R group had significantly elevated leukocyte, thrombocyte, serum, and intestinal and hepatic tissue MDA levels compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). Serum, intestinal tissue, and liver tissue SOD levels were significantly lower in the I/R group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, GSH-Px levels measured in serum and liver tissue were lower in the I/R group. However, the use of GL prevented these decreases due to I/R damage. Prior administration of GL considerably alleviated histopathologic changes due to I/R injury in the intestinal and liver tissue samples. Conclusions: Our experimental study showed that I/R injury led to significant oxidative stress by inducing free oxygen radicals in intestinal and hepatic tissues. Serum and tissue MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px levels were considerably useful laboratory parameters in identifying oxidative stress. The protective effects of GL on intestinal I/R injury were promising considering these parameters.

Purpose: Several etiologies come to the fore in gallstones' formation, especially the chemical content of bile and impaired motility of the gallbladder. This study aims to reveal the connections by evaluating the radiological images and laboratory data of patients who underwent MRCP for any reason in our center.Material and Methods: The data of patients who underwent MRCP with a pre-diagnosis of cholestasis in a single center in 2019-2020 with the ethics committee's approval were retrospectively analyzed. Choledock diameter, presence of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis, and variation of the cystic duct were evaluated on MRCP images. In addition, laboratory data were examined, and the relationship between them was statistically compared.Results: Of the 193 patients who underwent MRCP with a pre-diagnosis of bile duct pathologyi, 59.1% were female(n=114), 40.9% were male(n=79). Their mean age was 63,1±19,4. While the cystic duct was normal in 35.3%(n=68) of the patients, 64.7%(n=125) had anatomical variation. There was no difference between genders in terms of the presence of variation in the cystic canal. There was no significant relationship between the presence of variation and gallstones. A positive correlation was found between common bile duct diameter and presence of gallstones and WBC, neutrophil, and ALP values.Conclusion: Although it is thought that bile duct variations may be effective in the formation of gallstones, it was observed that the variational cystic duct was not effective in gallstone formation in our case series. In MRCP, we found that the increase in the diameter of the common bile duct and the high values of WBC, neutrophils, and ALP support the presence of gallstones., Amaç: Safra kesesi taşlarının oluşumunda, özellikle safranın kimyasal içeriği ve safra kesesinin bozulmuş hareketliliği başta olmak üzere birçok etiyoloji ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, merkezimizde herhangi bir nedenle MRCP çekilen hastaların radyolojik görüntüleri ve laboratuvar verilerini değerlendirerek bağlantılarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2019-2020 yıllarında etik kurul onayı ile tek merkezde kolestaz ön tanısıyla MRCP yapılan hastaların verileri geriye dönük olarak incelendi. MRCP görüntülerinde koledok çapı, kolelitiyazis ve koledokolitiazis varlığı ve sistik kanal varyasyonları değerlendirildi. Ayrıca laboratuvar verileri incelenmiş ve aralarındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Safra yolu patolojisi ön tanısıyla MRCP yapılan 193 hastanın% 59.1'i kadın (n = 114),% 40.9'u erkekti (n = 79). Ortalama yaşları 63,1 ± 19,4'tür. Hastaların% 35,3'ünde (n = 68) sistik kanal normal iken,% 64,7'sinde (n = 125) anatomik varyasyon vardı. Sistik kanalda varyasyon varlığı açısından cinsiyetler arasında fark yoktu. Varyasyon varlığı ile safra kesesi taşları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktu. Ortak safra kanalı çapı ile safra kesesi taşı varlığı ve WBC, nötrofil ve ALP değerleri arasında pozitif bir korelasyon bulundu.Sonuç: Safra kanalı varyasyonlarının safra taşı oluşumunda etkili olabileceği düşünülse de, olgu serimizde varyasyonel sistik kanalın safra taşı oluşumunda etkili olmadığı görüldü. MRCP görüntülerinde, ortak safra kanalının çapındaki artışın ve WBC, nötrofil ve ALP değerlerindeki yüksekliğin safra taşı varlığını desteklediğini gördük.

Objective: Genetic factors have been the subject of many studies in cancer etiology. One of the most striking of these is the relationship between blood groups and cancer. Therefore, in our study, we examined the relationship between blood groups of stomach, colorectal, breast, thyroid and pancreatic cancers, which are common in general surgery practice, with single-center data.Method: We retrospectively analyzed cancer cases who applied to our University Hospital between 2005-2021. This analysis was done using a hospital database. 7899 cancer patients were included in the study. Cancer types, blood types, ages and gender of the patients were recorded. Results were analyzed statistically.Results: 55.2% of the patients included in the study were male and 42.8% were female. Of the patients, 553 (7%) were stomach, 767 (9.7%) colorectal, 779 (9.9%) breast, 625 (55.15%) thyroid, 209 (2.6% ) pancreatic cancer. 87.4% of the patients were Rh (+), 12.6% of them were Rh (-). 38% of patients A Rh (+), 5.2% A Rh (-), 13.8% B Rh (+), 2.2% B Rh (-), 7.7% AB Rh (+), 1.3% AB Rh (-), 28% 0 Rh (+), 3.8% 0 Rh (-). With the blood group distribution of all cancers; When the blood group distribution of gastric, colorectal, breast, thyroid and pancreatic cancers were compared, no statistically significant difference was found. However, it was found that the A Rh (+) blood group was higher in colorectal cancers compared to other cancers.Conclusions: In our study, no relationship was found between all cancers and blood type. In addition, no relationship was found between blood type and stomach, colorectal, breast, thyroid and pancreatic cancers, which are common in general surgery practice. Although it is generally accepted that especially A blood group is a risk factor for gastric cancer, there was no significant difference in our patient series. When AB0 and Rh blood groups were evaluated together, the A Rh (+) blood group was seen more in colorectal cancers.

Purpose: Hemorrhoid surgeries performed with stapler hemorrhoidopexy are frequently preferred in the treatment of patients with stage III-IV hemorrhoids, with less pain and shorter hospital stay. The aim of this study is to evaluate our clinical experiences in patients underwent SH.Material and Method: Hospital records of 26 patients with stage III-IV hemorrhoids treated with SH procedure be-tween June 2018 and October 2019 at a secondary center were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data of patients, accompanying anal diseases, duration of surgery and hospital stay, postoperative pain, complications and early recur-rence rates were reviewed.Results: A total of 26 patients was included in the study, 18 males (69%) and 8 females (31%). The mean age of the patients was 36,4 years (age range: 18-64). The mean operation time was 14 minutes and the mean hospital stay after the operation was 2.8 days. Bleeding was observed in one patient (3.8%), urinary retention in 2 (7.7%) and skin tag (7.7%) in 2. Recurrence was observed in one patient in the first six months. None of the patients had tenesmus, ab-scess, incontinence, rectovaginal fistula, or anal stenosis.Conclusion: SH is a minimally invasive, feasible technique that can be used to treat stage III-IV hemorrhoids and can provide effective treatment in a single session. However, we believe that the choice of surgical procedures is important since complications such as recurrence and bleeding are rarely seen in the early and late periods., Amaç: Stapler hemoroidopeksi (Longo prosedürü) ile yapılan hemoroid ameliyatları, daha az ağrı ve daha kısa hasta-nede kalış süresi ile özellikle evre III-IV hemoroidli hastaların tedavisinde sık tercih edilebilen bir cerrahi yöntemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kliniğimizde stapler hemoroidopeksi (SH) yöntemi ile tedavi etmiş olduğumuz hastalarla ilgili klinik deneyimlerimizi değerlendirmektir.Araçlar ve Yöntem: İkinci basamak bir devlet hastanesinde Haziran 2018 ile Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında SH yönte-mi uygulanarak tedavi edilen evre III-IV hemoroidli 26 hastanın tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastala-rın demografik verileri, eşlik eden anal bölge hastalıkları, ameliyat ve hastanede yatış süreleri, postoperatif dönemde gelişen ağrıları, komplikasyonları ve erken dönem nüks oranları değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 26 hastanın 18'i erkek (%69), 8'i kadındı (%31). Hastalar 18-64 yaş aralığında ve ortalama yaş 36,4 olarak hesaplandı. Ortalama ameliyat süresi 14 dakika ve ameliyat sonrası ortalama hastanede kalış süresi 2.8 gündü. Bir hastada kanama (% 3,8), 2 hastada idrar retansiyonu (% 7,7) ve 2 hastada deri katlantısı (skin tag) (% 7,7) görüldü. 1 hastada ilk 6 ayda nüks izlendi. Hiçbir hastada tenesmus, apse, inkontinans, rektovajinal fistül veya anal darlık görülmedi.Sonuç: Stepler hemoroidopeksi, evre III-IV hemoroid hastalarını tedavi etmek için kullanılan, tek seansta etkili bir tedavi ortaya koyabilen, minimal invaziv, uygulanabilir bir tekniktir. Ancak erken ve geç dönemde nüks ve kanama gibi komplikasyonlar nadir de olsa görülebildiğinden cerrahi prosedür seçiminin önemli olduğu kanaatindeyiz.

Purpose The etiology and pathogenesis of distal colitis (DC) are poorly understood. Activation of intestinal inflammatory response may lead to intestinal tissue necrosis. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are among the treatment options. Our study aimed to compare the protective effects of mesalazine and Ganoderma lucidum in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly grouped as colitis, mesalazine, G. lucidum, and combined (G. lucidum + mesalazine) groups. DC was induced by intrarectal administration of AA. Statistical comparisons were done by using parameters including colonic tissue IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. Histopathologic changes of the samples of colonic tissue were scored as mucosal damage score and inflammatory score. A P-value of

Ectopic pancreatic tissue (EPT) is a congenital pancreatic tissue located in a location other than the normal anatomical site of the pancreas. It is usually asymptomatic and can be detected during surgical procedures or postoperatively in pathology examinations. The importance of EPT is the possibility of malignant transformation, although rare. It can mimic malignant masses. Since preoperative diagnosis is often unlikely, resection is the preferred method. We report a case with gallstones who underwent elective cholecystectomy. EPT was detected in the gallbladder.

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland with high vascularise. It is formed of right and left two side lobes and of isthmus lobe joining the two lobes and this resemble the letter H. Morphological variation and developmental abnormalities of the thyroid gland has been reported in the literature in a wide range. In our report, total thyroidectomy was performed to a 30 year old woman. During the operation it was seen that the right and left thyroid lobe was independent from each other and isthmus lobe was absent. We will present a case of thyroid isthmus agenesis and discuss the clinical importance and the incidence of this case.

Kasik fitiklari tum fitiklarin % 80 gibi buyuk cogunlugunu olusturur. (% 50’si indirekt inguinal, %25’i direkt inguinal ve % 5’i femoral). Kasik fitiklarinin en onemli komplikasyonlari inkarserasyon (fitik sikismasi) ve strangulasyon (fitik bogulmasi) olarak sayilabilir. Kasik fitigi ve inmemis testis birlikteligi sik karsilasilan bir durum olup genelde cocuk yasta karsilasilarak birlikte onarim yapilir. Eriskin strangule herni ve inmemis testis birlikteligi ise sik gorulmez. Bu yazida eriskin strangule inguinal herni ile ayni taraf inmemis testis birlikteligi bir olgu ile sunulmaktadir. Karsi testis saglamsa post pubertel donemde kotu fertilite potansiyeli ve kanser riskinde artis nedeniyle 50 yasina kadar orsiektomi iyi bir secenek olarak degerlendirilebilir diger taraftan 50 yasindan sonra veya operatif risk tasiyan hastalarda dusuk kanser riski nedeniyle takip iyi bir secenektir. Eger baska bir sebeple 50 yasindan sonra mudahale edilecekse testise de gerekli mudahale yapilmasi hastanin da onayi ile dusunulebilir.