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This study examined the effect of tax audits and corporate taxpayer compliance on increasing tax revenue, focusing on corporate taxpayers at KPP Madya Makassar. A quantitative approach was employed, using secondary data collected from 12 corporate taxpayers annually from 2015 to 2018, resulting in 48 observations. Data analysis included descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing through linear regression. The results indicated that while the Taxpayer Compliance Level and Tax Audit had positive coefficients, neither variable significantly affected tax revenue. Additionally, the interaction between Taxpayer Compliance and Tax Audit did not significantly moderate the impact on tax revenue. These findings suggest that although tax audits have a role in monitoring compliance, they do not substantially moderate the relationship between taxpayer compliance and tax revenue. This study provides valuable insights for tax authorities and policymakers in designing strategies to enhance compliance and optimise tax audits.

The mental health and overall quality of seafarers are critical to the safety and efficiency of maritime operations. This study investigates the factors influencing the quality of Indonesian seafarers, with a particular focus on mental health as a mediating variable. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS), we analyzed data from 280 respondents, including skippers and crew members working on Indonesian flagged ships. The study examines the impact of working conditions, recruitment and placement, training and development, and safety culture on seafarer quality, both directly and indirectly through mental health. Our findings indicate that mental health significantly mediates the relationship between these factors and the quality of seafarers. Training and development emerged as the most influential factor, followed by safety culture, recruitment and placement, and working conditions. The results emphasize the importance of enhancing mental health support to improve working conditions, recruitment processes, training initiatives, and safety culture, thereby increasing productivity and the overall quality of seafarers. This research addresses an empirical gap by providing practical strategies to improve Indonesian seafarers' quality and job stability in the global maritime industry. Future research should expand the geographic scope and explore additional factors affecting seafarer quality and mental health.

The digitalization of agriculture is rapidly changing the way farmers do business. With the integration of advanced technology, farmers are now able to increase efficiency, productivity, and precision in their operations. Digitalization allows for real-time monitoring and management of crops, leading to improved yields and reduced waste. This paper presents a review of some of the use cases that digitalization has made an impact in the automation of open-field and closed-field cultivations by means of collecting data about soils, crop growth, and microclimate, or by contributing to more accurate decisions about water usage and fertilizer application. The objective was to address some of the most recent technological advances that are leading to increased efficiency and sustainability of crop production, reduction in the use of inputs and environmental impacts, and releasing manual workforces from repetitive field tasks. The short discussions included at the end of each case study attempt to highlight the limitations and technological challenges toward successful implementations, as well as to introduce alternative solutions and methods that are rapidly evolving to offer a vast array of benefits for farmers by influencing cost-saving measures. This review concludes that despite the many benefits of digitalization, there are still a number of challenges that need to be overcome, including high costs, reliability, and scalability. Most of the available setups that are currently used for this purpose have been custom designed for specific tasks and are still too expensive to be implemented on commercial scales, while others are still in their early stages of development, making them not reliable or scalable for widespread acceptance and adoption by farmers. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of digitalization in agriculture and its impact on sustainable crop production and food security, this review provides insights for policy-makers, industry stakeholders, and researchers working in this field.

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the build-up of lipids and connective tissue in the large arteries. Some patients experience chronic total occlusion (CTO). Inflammation plays a key role in the development and complications of atherosclerosis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation associated with the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to assess the relationship between NLR and CTO in ACS patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed with secondary data obtained from patient medical records at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Jakarta. Inclusion criteria were patients with ACS and STEMI who underwent coronary angiography in 2015–2018. Results A total of 98 patients were enrolled in the analysis. Most subjects with CTO were male, elderly (> 60), smoking, had no history of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension, no family history of coronary heart disease (CHD), but had a history of ACS and had never consumed statin or antiplatelet medications. Bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender (PR = 1.820; 95%CI 0.871–3.805; p = 0.025) and smoking (PR = 1.781; 95%CI 1.028–3.086; p = 0.004) were significantly correlated with CTO. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that higher NLR (≥ 6.42) could predict a CTO diagnosis with positive predictive value (PPV) of 91%. Multivariate analysis revealed that NLR was correlated with an 11.2-fold increase in occurrence of CTO (95%CI 3.250-38.303; p

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Three-quarters of these deaths occur in lowand middle-income countries among individuals in their productive years. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a dangerous manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and can lead to sudden death. Smoking and a family history of early CAD are major risk factors for STEMI cases. However, their role in any risk stratification system for patients has not been clearly established. The most widely used score in assessing the prognosis of STEMI patients is the TIMI score, but its accuracy in the young patient population is still unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of mortality in young STEMI patients at RSCM, validate the TIMI score in young patients, and develop a risk stratification system for young STEMI patients. Methods. This research is a retrospective cohort study using medical record data from the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSCM) on patients aged ≤50 years who were treated for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from 2018 to 2022. Univariate analysis was conducted to obtain subject characteristics and the 30-day mortality proportion of young STEMI patients. Bivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between smoking and a family history of early coronary artery disease (CAD) with 30-day mortality. The TIMI score was validated in the study subjects of young patients. Multivariate analysis was conducted to obtain a new prediction model, and the model’s discriminatory performance was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and model calibration was modified using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results. A total of 164 study subjects were included. There were 107 patients (65.2%) with a smoking risk factor, while 39 patients (23.9%) had a family history of early CAD. The proportion of 30-day mortality among young patients was 7.9% (13 individuals). Statistical analysis showed that there was no correlation between 30-day mortality in young STEMI patients and a history of smoking (HR 0.0441 (95% CI 0.148-1.312)) or a family history of early CAD (HR 0.567 (95% CI 0.126- 2.559)). The TIMI score showed good predictive ability for 30-day mortality in young STEMI patients, with an AUC value of 0.836 (95% CI 0.717- 0.956). The combination of the TIMI score with the smoking history variable demonstrated good discriminatory performance in predicting 30-day mortality among young STEMI patients, with an AUC value of 0.875. However, when comparing the AUC values between the TIMI score and the TIMI score with the addition of the smoking history factor, no significant increase in accuracy was observed (p-value=0.215). Conclusions. The TIMI score demonstrates good discrimination and calibration in predicting 30-day mortality among young STEMI patients. The TIMI score, when combined with the smoking history factor, shows improved discriminatory performance and calibration in predicting 30-day mortality among young STEMI patients compared to the pure TIMI score but does not significantly enhance the accuracy.

Abstract Background More than 60% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a significant health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairment. HRQoL, a patient-reported outcome (PRO), has become an important endpoint to assess treatment success in AF patients. The Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQT) questionnaire is an AF-specific HRQoL tool shown to be feasible, reliable, and valid, with translations in various languages. Since this questionnaire has never been translated or validated in Indonesian, we aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the AFEQT questionnaire for AF patients. Results This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Integrated Cardiovascular Service Polyclinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia, from December 2021 to March 2022. A total of 30 participants were recruited for cross-cultural adaptation process, which consisted of translation and adaptation process, and a total of 102 participants were consecutively recruited to participate in the validation process, which consisted of validity test (construct validity) and reliability tests (internal consistency and test-retest). The retest was conducted within a 1–2-week interval after the baseline assessment, by analyzing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The construct validity was determined by multitrait scaling analysis, and the convergent and divergent validity was compared to SF-36 domains. Multitrait scaling analysis revealed that all items in the Indonesian version of the AFEQT questionnaire had a strong negative correlation towards their respective domains (r -0.639–-0.960). For convergent and divergent validity, AFEQT domains had weak to strong positive correlations to all SF-36 domains (r 0.338–0.693). This questionnaire also had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α for overall score: 0.947; Domains: Symptoms: 0.818, Daily Activities: 0.943, Treatment Concern: 0.894, and Treatment Satisfaction: 0.865), as well as moderate-to-good test-retest reliability (0.521–0.828). Conclusions The Indonesian version of the AFEQT questionnaire has good validity and reliability for assessing quality of life of atrial fibrillation patients in Indonesia.

In the contemporary era characterized by globalization and swift democratic progress, Indonesia encounters distinctive challenges of rising political expenses. This article utilizes qualitative research methodologies to examine the consequences of increasing political costs on the dynamics of Indonesian democracy, specifically concerning accountability and financial support for political parties. The main findings suggest that the financial assistance to political parties in Indonesia has not adequately tackled the forthcoming challenges that Indonesian democracy may encounter. In contrast, political parties persist in facing challenges in accountability mechanisms for the funds they acquire. The provision of financial aid may be perceived as a feasible approach to mitigate the financial burdens associated with political campaigns. However, in the absence of adequate mechanisms to ensure transparency and accountability, there is a possibility of corruption and concerns regarding the scope of funding. This article further emphasizes the significance of political education as a fundamental obligation of political parties to uphold democratic efficacy. This study places particular emphasis on the ramifications of providing financial assistance to political parties for the future trajectory of Indonesian democracy. To ensure the continued progress of democracy in Indonesia and realize the “Golden Indonesia 2045” vision, stakeholders must possess a comprehensive comprehension of the matter and effectively tackle the obstacles that arise from the significant political expenses involved.

Introduction. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is an angioplasty (with or without a stent) performed immediately on the infarct-related artery without prior administration of fibrinolytics. Although PPCI is the reperfusion therapy of choice in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients, survival in post-PPCI patients still varied and research on its determinant factors still showed inconsistent results. This study aimed to determine the predictors of oneyear survival in patients undergoing PPCI at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Methods. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the medical records of patients who underwent PPCI at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. The data collected included clinical parameters and demographic data from the PPCI registry. Patients’ outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, determined based on medical records or by contacting patients or their families by phone. Survival curves were created using the Kaplan Meier method and significance using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox Proportional Hazard model. Results. A total of 220 patients who underwent PPCI were included in this study. The mortality rate was 11.82% and the one-year survival post-PPCI was 88.2%, with a mean survival of 10.7 (10.2-11.2) months. The highest mortality rate occurred in the first month post of PPCI, then mortality trend decresed in the 2nd month to one year. In multivariate analysis, age >60 years [p

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of solar drying and oven drying methods on the quality parameters of dried basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. The dried basil leaves were dehydrated at three different levels of temperature (T1, T2, and T3 = 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C) using a solar tunnel dryer and an electrical oven dryer. Drying time, energy consumption, dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio, pH, and reducing sugar were observed after drying the basil leaves. The results showed that solar drying at 55 °C required the least energy (0.431 kWh) and took the shortest amount of time (110 min) to complete, whereas oven drying consumed more energy. Additionally, oven drying maintained a low pH (4.30) and reducing sugar level (2.24), extending the shelf life of the dried basil leaves, compared to solar drying. Based on energy consumption, drying time, and mineral contents, the solar drying using a solar tunnel dryer was deemed more suitable than oven drying. The best temperature for drying was determined to be 55 °C, which provided a short drying time, the least energy consumption and a statistically non-significant loss of mineral contents and dehydration ratio. Moreover, solar drying demonstrated a significantly higher speed, with a 6.7-times higher drying rate compared to oven drying, with significantly less energy consumption.

Background and Objectives: Preeclampsia has been linked to an inflammatory response that may be brought on by endothelial cell dysfunction. This paper investigates the pathomechanism of syncytiotrophoblast basement membrane (STBM) damage and Placental Protein 13 (PP13) release, which may have a role in systemic endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study involves 54 preeclampsia patients (27 early-onset preeclampsia and 27 late-onset preeclampsia) and 27 pregnant women with normal blood pressure. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to evaluate maternal blood levels of PP13. Following birth, a portion of the placenta was collected for transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The data were analyzed using STATA version 15. Results: PP13 expression in the placental syncytiotrophoblast was significantly lower in the early-onset preeclampsia, compared to late-onset preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy, group (p < 0.001). In contrast, serum PP13 levels were found to be the highest in the early-onset preeclampsia group, although no significant difference were found in mean maternal serum levels of PP13 between the three groups. The decreased PP13 expression in placental syncytiotrophoblast can be attributed to the greater extent of damage in the STBM in early-onset preeclampsia that leads to the release of a larger amount of PP13 into maternal circulation. The hypothesis aligns with the TEM analysis results. Preeclamptic pregnancies showed placental syncytiotrophoblast aponeurosis, whereas normotensive pregnancies did not. Placental lesions and STBM shedding were found to be more pronounced in early-onset preeclampsia compared to late-onset preeclampsia. Conclusions: PP13 and STBM damage may play a role in systemic endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Learning activities can be carried out in or outside the classroom. Learning outside the classroom, such as field observations, is an excellent learning activity. This paper discusses the development of a field observation practicum guide for bird bioecology Megapodius reinwardt. The goal is to develop and assess the feasibility of the developed practical guide, the process of scientific literacy, and the critical thinking skills of prospective biology teacher students through three stages: define, design, and develop. Data collection through observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive quantitative. An average of 77% obtained the results of the practical guide validation, which means worthy. The process of scientific literacy of prospective biology teacher students, on average, obtains a good predicate. User response is positive, so it is suitable for use as a bioecological Field Observation Guide Megapodius reinwardt for the literacy process scientific and thinks student critical biology teacher candidate.

Snails are one of the aquatic organisms that can be used as biological indicators of heavy metals in water. This study aims to determine the amount of cadmium heavy metal content in rice snails (Pila ampullacea) from Rawa Taliwang Lake, which can be used to enrich lecture material on environmental knowledge and to determine the feasibility of consumption of rice snails (Pila ampullacea) in accordance with the threshold of heavy metal contamination in food. The research was conducted over ten months, from August 2022-June 2023, at Rawa Taliwang Lake. Data were collected using the purposive sampling method at two research stations, namely the East and West sides. The samples in this study were four rice snails caught using a net. The samples were then deconstructed and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The rice snail body parts studied were the flesh cleaned and separated from the shell and internal organs. The analysis showed that the average cadmium (Cd) heavy metal content in the flesh of rice snails (Pila ampullacea) from Rawa Taliwang Lake was 0.19 mg/kg, which means that it is suitable for consumption because it is below the maximum threshold of cadmium (Cd) contamination allowed in gastropods which are 0.30 mg/kg according to the Food and Drug Administration Regulation No. 9 of 2022.

Research on online learning difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic has been carried out. The aim is to describe the process and learning difficulties while online learning. This research is descriptive and qualitative. Sampling is done in three ways: interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data obtained is reduced, presented, reviewed, and then conclusions are drawn. As a result, the difficulties experienced by students during the process of learning online, namely the difficulty in using WhatsApp and chat group entry, make students unable to focus on learning, difficulties in the form of signals, and learning disabilities-line is a difficulty that is often experienced, learning is difficult because of signal constraints and wasteful internet quota. In conclusion, online learning difficulties are the inability of students to use learning applications such as What tApp, Google Classroom, Google Meet, and Zoom meetings. Some factors that make learning difficult are constrained by unstable signals and a lack of communication between students and teachers.

Abstract Background In the atrial fibrillation (AF) population, worsened quality of life (QOL) has been reported even before complications occur. Symptom-based questionnaires can be used to evaluate AF treatment. The Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale (AFSS) was first developed in Canada in English, which is not the main language in Indonesia. This study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale (AFSS). Methods Translation of the AFSS from English to Indonesian was done using forward and backward translation. The final version was then validated with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and a test-retest reliability study was done in a 7-14-day interval. Results An Indonesian version of AFSS was achieved and deemed acceptable by a panel of researchers. This version is reliable and valid, with Cronbach’s α of 0.819, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.803 to 0.975, and total score correlation ranging from 0.333 to 0.895. Pearson’s analysis of AFSS and SF-36 revealed that the total AF burden domain was poorly correlated with role limitations due to emotional problems (r:0.427; p

Cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy, also known as Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction (CTRCD), affects 10% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and is the most undesirable side effect of chemotherapy. Over time, it is anticipated that there would be an increase in the number of cancer patients receiving treatments that could harm their cardiovascular systems. Physicians should choose whether to continue, halt, delay, or reduce the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce the impact of cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity screening and diagnosis need a variety of methods, primarily echocardiography to evaluate Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS). Depending on the clinical state, these procedures may be carried out prior to, during, or following chemotherapy. It’s critical to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and offer advice on leading a healthy lifestyle before giving cancer patients medicines. There are a lot of cancer treatment facilities all around the world that don’t have evidence-based perspective cardiotoxicity scores to stratify the risk of cardiovascular problems caused by cancer therapy. Additionally, comorbid conditions like diabetes and hypertension are frequently present in cancer patients, which can have a significant impact on clinical outcomes and cancer treatment. Therefore, this article aims to discuss assessment methods, clinical practice guidance, and prevention of CTRCD.

This research investigated the best economically viable power source with the least environmental impact and socially acceptable for the maize crop. Maize is one of the key economic crops in Pakistan. Solar-, electric-, and diesel-powered drip irrigation systems (DIS) were considered for comparative study. We selected 45 sites of maize crop to collect the data, with an area of 1–3 ha, from three divisions. For economic viability, the benefit:cost ratio, life cycle cost, and payback period were calculated, and CO2 emissions were calculated to assess the environmental impact. The SPSS model was used for one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc and chi-squared tests to check the significance level between all power sources. It was found that the B-C of electric power, solar, and diesel drip irrigation systems was 1.65, 1.52, and 1.44, respectively. Solar, diesel, and electricity power DIS have CO2 emissions of 0.02, 0.730, and 1.106 tons/ha, respectively. The research concludes that solar power and electric power are the best sources for the environment and economically, respectively. It is recommended that solar power DIS be subsidized, which will help to lower CO2 emissions and reduce the electricity shortfall in Pakistan.

National food security begins with the provision of food in the smallest locations, mainly villages and sub-districts. Kemaro Island is part of Palembang City, which is administered by Kelurahan 1 Ilir Palembang City. Due to limited accessibility, circumstances for providing basic requirements, particularly food and clean water, are severely constrained. Foods such as vegetables and fruit are still scarce in this area, particularly milk, cereals, and other nutritional foods. Thus, it is vital to undertake measures to boost the availability and accessibility of food for independent home farmers in this region, given the territory's status as a distinct island. Efforts to enhance the food security of farmer households on Kemaro Island can be accomplished through the implementation of a participatory in Rumah Cukup (Rucup) program. Extension is conducted as a coaching and mentoring activity aimed at enhancing the food security of farmer households through the Rumah Cukup (Rucup) initiative, in which farmer households cultivate a variety of horticulture commodities.

Background: The Arrhythmia-Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA) was developed in Sweden using English which may pose cultural and language barriers for Indonesian patients. As such, we aimed to translate the original ASTA into Indonesian, then assess its validity and reliability. Methods: Translation of the ASTA from English to Indonesian was done using forward and backward translation. The final version was then validated with the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Test-retest reliability study was done in a 7-14-day interval. Results: The Indonesian version of ASTA was deemed acceptable by a panel of researchers with Cronbach’s α of 0.816 and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.856-0.983. In a comparison to the SF-36, the medication utilization domain was poorly correlated with role limitations due to physical health (r:0.384; p

The tourism industry suffered a significant loss from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in line with decreasing the COVID-19 impacts, recent tourism behavior may be the cause of a phenomenon called as overtourism. The aim of this study was to investigate the unique phenomena of overtourism in Indonesia after the COVID-19 pandemic through a social pyschological approach. By using a critical discourse analysis, this study finds that a negative emotion generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to “revenge tourism” caused by two years of isolation. After the transmission effect of COVID-19 is decreasing, people who experience psychological breakdown, vent their tourism interests simultaneously, which in turn causing overtourism. In the perspective of psychology, negative emotion that has been piled up during lockdown may be the reason of overtourism. Meanwhile, overtourism also has negative social impact. From social-psychology perspective, place attachment is one of the basic needs in all human. When the control over their environment was disrupted, this may lead to many problems. Uncontrolled overtourism causes environmental damage and reducing the quality of tourism. Thus, this study suggests that the government and stakeholders collaborate to mitigate tourism disasters to prevent the threat of overtourism to tourism sustainability.

Abstract Pakistan experiences extreme flood events almost every year during the monsoon season. Recently, flood events have become more disastrous as their frequency and magnitude have increased due to climate change. This situation is further worsened due to the limited capacity of existing water reservoirs and their ability to absorb and mitigate peak floods. Thus, the simulation of stream flows using projected data from climate models is essential to assess flood events and proper water resource management in the country. This study investigates the future floods (in near future and far future periods) using the integrated flood analysis system (IFAS) model under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. Downscaled and bias corrected climatic data of six general circulation models and their ensemble were used in this study. The IFAS model simulated the stream flow efficiently (R2 = 0.86–0.93 and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.72–0.92) in the Jhelum River basin (JRB), Kabul River basin (KRB), and upper Indus River basin (UIRB) during the calibration and validation periods. The simulation results of the model showed significant impact of projected climate change on stream flows that will cause the mean monthly stream flow in the JRB to be lower, while that of the KRB and UIRB to be higher than that of the historical period. The highest flow months are expected to shift from May–June (Jhelum basin) and June–July (Kabul basin) to April–May with no changes in the UIRB. Higher frequencies of low to medium floods are projected in the KRB and UIRB, while the JRB expects fewer flood events. Based on the results from the IFAS model, it is concluded that stream flow in the study area will increase with several flood events.

Beta thalassemia major (TM) is a common hereditary disease in Indonesia. Iron overload due to regular transfusion may induce myocardial iron deposition leading to electrophysiological dysfunction and functional disorders of the heart. Ventricular arrhythmia is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in thalassemia patients. This cross-sectional study of 62 TM patients aged 10-32 years in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital was done to assess their electrophysiological properties and heart rate variability, including 24- hour Holter monitoring, signal averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) for detection of ventricular late potential (VLP), and determination of heart rate variability (HRV). We also assessed their 12-lead ECG parameters, such as P wave, QRS complex, QT/ QTc interval, QRS dispersion, and QT/ QTc dispersion. Iron overload was defined by T2-star magnetic resonance (MR-T2*) values of less than 20 ms or ferritin level greater than 2500 ng/mL. Subjects were grouped accordingly. There were significant differences of QTc dispersion (p = 0.026) and deceleration capacity (p = 0.007) between MR-T2* groups. Multivariate analysis showed an inverse correlation between QTc dispersion and MR-T2* values. There was a proportional correlation between heart rate deceleration capacity in the low MR-T2* group (p = 0.058) and the high ferritin group (p = 0.007). No VLPs were detectable in any patients. In conclusion, prolonged QTc dispersion and decreased heart rate deceleration capacity were significantly correlated with greater odds of iron overload among patients with Thalassemia major.

Abstrak - Konseptualisasi Modal Manusia Berbasis Pemikiran Kajao Laliddong Tujuan Utama - Penelitian ini bertujuan memaknai modal manusia dalam tradisi mappadendang (pesta panen) berbasis pemikiran Kajao Laliddong. Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi. Sejumlah pihak yang terkait dalam tradisi mappadendang menjadi informan utama. Temuan Utama – Konseptualisasi modal manusia memuat dimensi ade’ (intelektualitas dan integritas), asseddingeng (komitmen), paseng toriolo (dedikasi), assikanengeng (afiliasi), dan reso (kreativitas dan kinerja). Konkretisasi pemikiran Kajao Laliddong ini sangat terkait dengan sikap warani (berani) dan getteng (tegas). Modal manusia dimaknai sebagai rangkaian konsep etika, bakat, dedikasi, solidaritas, dan kesatuan tekad yang terpadu dalam sistem nilai. Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan – Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada upaya pengembangan teknologi akuntansi yang berkesesuaian dengan kebutuhan lokal. Modal manusia, sebagai standar moral dan etika tata kelola, dapat diterapkan dalam praktik akuntansi sektor publik. Kebaruan Penelitian – Penelitian ini mengungkap modal manusia sebagai standar etika untuk pengembangan sistem akuntansi dan pengelolaan kekayaan desa. Abstract - Conceptualization of Human Capital Based on Kajao Laliddong’s Thought Main Purpose - This research aims to interpret human capital in the tradition of “mappadendang” (harvest party) based on Kajao Laliddong's thoughts. Method – This research uses ethnographic methods. Several parties related to the “mappadendang” tradition became the primary informants. Main Findings – Conceptualization of human capital contains dimensions of “ade'” (intellect and integrity), “asseddingeng” (commitment), “paseng toriolo” (dedication), “assikanengeng” (affiliation), and “reso” (creativity and performance). The concretization of Kajao Laliddong's thoughts is strongly related to the attitude of “warani” (brave) and “getteng” (firm). Human capital is defined as a series of concepts of ethics, talent, dedication, solidarity, and unity of determination integrated into the value system. Theory and Practical Implications – This research has implications for efforts to develop accounting technology for local needs. As a moral and ethical standard of governance, human capital can be applied in public sector accounting practices. Novelty – This research reveals human capital as an ethical standard for developing accounting systems and village wealth management.

This article is part of an international relations study conducted by the authors. This study aims to illustrate the extent to which Indonesia can get out of the “entanglement” of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the tourism industry sector. Another purpose of writing this article is to analyze the Indonesian government’s role in using the term “new normal” and its relation to sustainable tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic has not ended. Tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic is the focus of the discussion of this article because it is one of the industries most harmed by this pandemic. Globally the loss of world tourism reaches US$22 billion. This figure will continue to increase as long as this pandemic cannot be controlled through vaccines and drugs. No exception for Indonesia, which lost the country’s original income from this sector, reaching tens of trillions of rupiah in just four months since WHO announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The new normal situation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity as well as a challenge for world tourism in general and Indonesian tourism in particular. The change in lifestyle and habits of the community in traveling directly or indirectly has “hit” this industry very hard. Undeniably, reactivating tourism industry activities do have considerable risk, but on the other hand, many sectors depend on this industry. Cleanliness, Health, Safety, Environment Sustainability (CHSE) strategy conducted by the Indonesian government is one of the efforts in re-mobilizing Indonesia’s tourism sector amid the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the opportunity to apply three main principles of sustainable tourism in the new normal era, namely involving the social sector in policy engagement, maintaining the sustainability of natural resources and making sustainable development a synonym of economic growth.

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the common cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Causes of CVD in ESRD patients are multifactorial. Ventricular arrhythmia is known as the leading cause of sudden death in dialysis patients. QT dispersion, which is measured from electrocardiography (ECG), is known as one of the parameters to assess the risk of arrhythmia in HD patients. This study aimed to determine the proportion of pre-dialysis prolonged QT dispersion in chronic twice-weekly HD patients and the associated factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HD patients age ≥18 years with dialysis duration of at least three months in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during May–June 2019. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and blood samples were taken before the dialysis session. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test was performed on each variable. Significant results were further analysed using logistic regression. Results. A total of 142 subjects were included in this study. The mean age of subjects was 49 (standard deviation (SD) 15) years. Prolonged QT dispersion was found in 51 subjects (35.9%). Multivariate analysis showed prolonged QT dispersion was significantly correlated with systolic dysfunction (PR=1.875 (CI 95% 1.234-2.848); p=0.006) and left ventricle hypertrophy (PR=2.361 (CI 95% 1.032-5.403); p=0.019). Age, diabetes mellitus, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and diastolic dysfunction were not significantly correlated with QT dispersion (p>0.05). Conclusion. The proportion of pre-dialysis prolonged QT dispersion in twice-weekly chronic hemodialysis patients in RSCM is 35.9% and associated with systolic dysfunction and left ventricle hypertrophy.

This study aimed to examine the visit of bureaucratic officials to local head candidates who have been confirmed to win local elections, commonly known as sowan. The officials ignore the neutrality aspect of bureaucracy that should be strictly upheld. This phenomenon is explained by the concept of a new paternalistic bureaucracy. This study used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and documentation was utilized as data collection methods for this study. This study's interview and FGD participants include local officials with knowledge of the sowan phenomenon and general civil servants in Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Cilacap, and Kebumen. This study discovered that sowan in the perspective of bureaucracy signifies friendship, loyalty, approach, and negotiation. This research highlights the strength of paternalistic bureaucracy, which generally begins in the final phase of the democratic process of local elections. Conceptually, this study is useful to explain the sowan phenomenon concerning bureaucratic neutrality and democracy and provide practical insights on the importance of law enforcement to violators of bureaucratic neutrality. This study explains the new paternalistic bureaucracy in the era of democracy in local governments in Indonesia. This study recommends the importance of law enforcement for violators of bureaucratic neutrality without discrimination, the improvement of the relationship between political and bureaucratic officials that reflect better partnerships in the recruitment of career officials, and the importance of bureaucrats who are committed to maintaining the principle of merit in the selection of local officials.

Major depressive disorder is characterized by the presence of single or repeated major depressive episodes, which are considered periods of 2 weeks of depressive moods featuring impaired neurovegetative functioning, psychomotor activity, and cognition, as well as suicidal thoughts. Major depressive disorder is commonly associated with other medical conditions, especially chronic and systemic medical illnesses. Cardiovascular diseases are among the most related, especially pulmonary hypertension, a cardiovascular disorder that results in increased pulmonary circulation pressure––with an average resting pulmonary artery pressure of at least 25 mmHg––and which the WHO has associated with several other conditions, including connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The patient in this case is a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with major depressive disorder and SLE-associated pulmonary artery hypertension, which has been associated with hypercoagulable states, as observed in this instance. The complicated associations between these problems require collaboration between disciplines to establish optimal treatment integrity, with palliative care necessary to improve this patient’s quality of life.

This paper examines a cross-sector collaborative model for development policy in a creative economy in a rural area setting. The creative economy based on the village’s creative potential is considered capable of contributing to the national economy, but it should be supported by public policies that are adaptive to the potential and needs of creative economy actors. The paper used a qualitative approach with case studies in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This village represents one of the leading creative economy subsectors in Indonesia, which is culinary. The study found that collaboration among Penta Helix forces played multiple roles in driving rural creative actors and building rural creative ecosystems. The stages of collaboration were identified in strengthening organizational structure, program implementation, and organizational consolidation. Organizational capability and innovation have been growing in rural creative economy actors during cross-sector collaboration implementation. This study provides insights into how Penta Helix collaborates with rural creative actors to promote the rural creative economy. From a public policy perspective, this study fills a significant gap in the literature regarding rural development models that are not covered much in the creative economy policy.

Bucephalandra Schott, Gen. Aroid. (1858) is a genus within Araceae family and assigned to some aquatic plants endemic to Borneo Island, currently representing 31 species. Bucephalandra species are known as ornamental aquatic plants and common for aquascaping. These aquatic plants are highly valued, approximately € 300 in European ornamental aquatic markets and Rp 50,000–700,000 in local markets. We collected 195 specimens of Bucephalandra from 5 ornamental aquatic plant markets in the proximity of Jakarta City, Indonesia. This study is based on repeated confusion with overwhelmed vernacular names assigned for Bucephalandra in the markets. Therefore, the aims of this study are to collect and to identify of Bucephalandra offered in the aquatic plant markets with emphasis on Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858. Specimen identification are mostly based on reference specimens stored in the Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division – Research Centre for Biology – Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cibinong. As result, this study collected 110 specimens belonged to Bucephalandra motleyana Schott 1858 and 85 specimens identified as other species within this genus.

Abstract Background Diagnosis‐to‐ablation time (DTAT) has been postulated to be one of the predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, and it is a “modifiable” risk factor unlike that of many electrocardiographic or echocardiographic parameters. This development may change our consideration for ablation. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aim to analyze the latest evidence on the importance of DTAT and whether they predict the AF recurrence after catheter ablation. Methods We performed a comprehensive search on topics that assess diagnosis‐to‐ablation time (DTAT) and AF recurrence from inception up until August 2019 through PubMed, EuropePMC, Cochrane Central Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results There was a total of 3548 patients from six studies. Longer DTAT was associated with increased risk for AF recurrence in all studies included. Meta‐analysis of these studies showed that DTAT had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.19 [1.02, 1.39], P = .03; I2: 92% for AF recurrence. Upon sensitivity analysis by removing a study, HR became 1.24 [1.16, 1.32], P 3 years had HR 1.73 [1.54, 1.93], P 6 years to

Introduction: Endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) are widely accepted as a specific treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Unfortunately, consensus and recommendations are lacking for the treatment of patients who suffer from pulmonary arterial hypertension and congenital heart disease, including Eisenmenger syndrome. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of ERA on patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. Methods: Electronic search on PubMed (MEDLINE), EBSCO, EuropePMC, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar was done. Studies involving the use of ERAs on Eisenmenger syndrome patients were included. There were 18 studies included. The primary outcome of interest was the 6-min walking test distance before and after exposure to ERA. Results: There were 517 patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. The subjects had Eisenmenger syndrome secondary to congenital heart disorders, with WHO functional Class ranging from Class I–IV. The follow-up ranges from a mean of 4–60 months. Seventeen studies reported a statistically significant difference between pretreatment and the posttreatment result of 6-min walking test distance. Pooled mean difference comparing pre and posttreatment values yielded an increase of 55.24 m (42.15, 68.33) P < 0.001; moderate heterogeneity I2 51% P = 0.008. Pooled mean pulmonary vascular resistance index difference comparing pre and posttreatment values yielded a decrease of 4.76 woods unit (-6.86, -2.66), P < 0.001 favoring posttreatment; low heterogeneity I2 0%, P = 0.82. Pooled mean mean pulmonary arterial pressure difference comparing pre and posttreatment values yielded a decrease of 5.40 mmHg (-7.53, -3.28), P < 0.001 favoring posttreatment, low heterogeneity I2 0%, P = 0.65. Conclusion: Implementation of ERA in Eisenmenger improves 6-min walking distance and pulmonary vascular pressure indices. Earlier administration of ERA might be beneficial, further studies are needed to assess mortality benefit of this agent.

Background: Prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is on the rise. Anti-arrhythmic drugs are usually the first line of treatment in CHD, however, it is often ineffective and poorly tolerated. We aimed to perform a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for AF in CHD. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in congenital heart disease up until July 2019 through several electronic databases. Results: Ablation of AF in patients with CHD had a modest 12 months AF freedom ranging from 32.8% to 63%, which can be increased by subsequent/repeat ablation. The complexity of CHD appears to have a significant effect on a study but not in others. Catheter ablation in ASD and persistent left superior vena cava had a high success rate. Overall, catheter ablation is safe whichever the type of CHD is. Conclusion: Catheter ablation for AF in CHD had modest efficacy that can be increased by subsequent/repeat ablation and it also has an excellent safety profile. Ablation in complex CHD could also have similar efficacy, however, it is preferably done by experts in a high volume tertiary center. Keywords: Catheter ablation, Atrial fibrillation, Congenital heart disease, Efficacy, Safety

With the increased utilisation of chest computed tomography, solitary pulmonary nodules are increasingly being identified. It is not clear whether this is of an increased incidence, increased awareness (ie, recognition of an abnormality as opposed to considering it an inconsequential finding), or increased identification because of an increasing prevalence of CT imaging. Whatever the reason, how to approach these patients is an issue that increasingly confronts clinicians. Through the evaluation of patient risk factors combined with computed tomography characteristics of solitary pulmonary nodules, including size, growth rate, margin characteristics, calcification, density and location; a clinician can assess the risk of malignancy. This literature will describe the evaluation and follow-up of pulmonary nodules based on several guidelines and how they apply to populations in Asia because of the different patient populations compare with Western countries ranging from risk factors, high infectious factors that can be confounding diagnosis and different genetic predispositions.

Abstract Background and Aim Conventional epicardial cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can cause fatal arrhythmia associated with increased transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR). It is unknown whether endocardial biventricular pacing in various locations will decrease TDR and hence the occurrence of fatal arrhythmia. This study aimed to find out the most effective location of endocardial biventricular pacing resulting in the shortest homogenous TDR. Methods A before‐and‐after study on adult chronic heart failure (CHF) patients undergoing endocardial biventricular pacing in several defined locations. The changes in TDR from baseline were compared among various pacing locations. Results Fourteen subjects were included with age ranged 36‐74 years old, of which 10 were males. Location revealed the highest post biventricular pacing TDR (113.4 (SD 13.8) ms) was the outlet septum of right ventricle in combination with lateral wall of left ventricle (RVOTseptum‐LVlateral) while the lowest one (106.1 (SD 11.6) ms) was of the right ventricular apex and posterolateral left ventricle (RVapex‐LVposterolateral). Two CRT locations resulted in the most homogenous TDR, that is the right ventricular apex ‐ left ventricular lateral wall (RVapex‐LVlateral, mean difference −9.43; 95% CI (−19.72;0.87) ms, P = 0.07) and right ventricular apex ‐ left ventricle posterolateral wall (RVapex‐LVposterolateral, mean difference −6.85; 95% CI (−13.93;0.22) ms, P = 0.056). Conclusion Endocardial biventricular pacing on right ventricular apex and left ventricular lateral/posterolateral walls results in the most homogenous TDR.

Introduction. Coronary heart disease (CHD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common and complex clinical problems. Both have a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). QT dispersion (QTd) in electrogram is a measure of heterogeneity of myocardial repolarization that can predict the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias that cause SCD QTd is a predictor of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. So far, there is no publication about the severity relationship CHD with QTd in OSA patients in Indonesia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on twenty-nine CHD patients accompanied OSA in 2015 who had undergone coronary angiography and polysomnography against the QT dispersion by electrocardiography in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. QTd obtained from maximum QTc difference with minimum QTc. The severity of CHD was assessed by the Gensini score obtained from the recording of coronary angiography in the cath lab. Results. The median value of Gensini score was 10 (range 1-112). Mean value of QTc max and QTc min were 459.76 ms (standard deviation [SD] 41.39 ms) and 386.72 ms (SD 31.61), respectively. Meanwhile, the median value of QTd was 56 ms (range 14-201 ms). The Spearman correlation test showed a weak positive correlation between Gensini score and QTd (r = 0.464; p value = 0.006). Conclusion. The severity of coronary heart disease by Gensini score is weakly correlated with QT dispersion.

Abstract Objective The assessment of quality of life has significant impact in device therapy. This research was aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the AQUAREL questionnaire. Results We evaluated 32 patients during the cross-cultural adaptation stage and 20 patients during validity and reliability evaluation stages. Indonesian version of AQUAREL showed positive correlation between 6-min walking test and dyspnea domain (r = 0.228; p = 0.048), and showed negative correlation between NT pro-BNP and chest discomfort (r = − 0.231; p = 0.043) and dyspnea domain (r = − 0.268; p = 0.020). The total AQUAREL also showed positive moderate correlation toward total SF-36 (r = 0.543; p = 0.000). The internal consistency was good (Cronbach α = 0.728) and the repeatability between day 1 and day 8 was good, with moderate positive correlation (r = 0.581; p = 0.007).

The rapid increase in population growth due to industrialization and urbanization has resulted in air quality deterioration in Pakistan. Consequently, a considerable increase has been seen in the types of sources of air pollutants. However, the air quality of the country has deteriorated in the absence of management capabilities against air quality. Evidence from numerous governmental organizations and international bodies has specified that the environment, health, and quality of life are at high risk due to air pollution. Although the government of Pakistan established the Pakistan Clean Air Program, along with continuous monitoring stations to manage the quality of ambient air, air quality values have not yet been achieved. The present investigations were made in the city of Faisalabad in selected locations. Sampling of a 24 h average was done for selected sites. The air quality parameters such as NO2, SO2, COx, O2, noise level, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were measured at two locations, i.e., Khurrianwala and Liaqatabad in the Faisalabad District. The measured values of air quality parameters were compared with national environmental quality standards (NEQS). Air pollutants such as SPM, SO2, and noise levels were found to be significantly higher than the 24-h standards of NEQS, which poses harmful effects on the quality of air and health, whereas the O2 concentration was found to be lower than the normal values, and NO2 and COx values were normal. The SO2, CO2, noise level, SPM, and O2 values ranged from 418–652 and 423–661 µg/m3, 3.03–3.44 and 3.08–3.51 mg/m3, 68–73 and 69–75 dB, 555–667 and 581–682 µg/m3, and 19.5–20 and 19.5–20.3 % for summer and winter season, respectively, as compared to standard values (150 µg/m3, 10 mg/m3, 65 dB, 550 µg/m3 and 21%). After the complete analysis of the selected locations, it was concluded that the ambient air quality of this area is severely degraded due to industrial as well as other commercial activities. These significant variations in air quality parameters suggest that there is a need to check the air quality regularly to take appropriate measures for reducing ambient air pollutants, especially in industrial areas as well as commercial areas.

Background: chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the severity and risk of mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The role of β2-M as a filtration and inflammation marker and FGF23 as a CKD-MBD process marker might be significant in the pathophysiology in ACS with CKD patients. This study aims to determine the association of β2-M and FGF23 with major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in ACS patients with CKD. Methods: we used cross sectional and retrospective cohort analysis for MACE. We collected ACS patients with CKD consecutively from January until October 2018 at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox’s Proportional Hazard Regression. Results: a total of 117 patients were selected according to the study criteria. In bivariate analysis, β2-M, FGF23, and stage of CKD had significant association with MACE (p = 0.014, p = 0.026, p = 0.014, respectively). In multivariate analysis, β2-M - but not FGF 23- was significantly associated with MACE (adjusted HR 2.16; CI95% 1.15–4.05; p = 0.017). Conclusion: β2-M was significantly associated with MACE, while FGF23 was not so. This finding supports the role of inflammation in cardiovascular outcomes in ACS with CKD patient through acute on chronic effect.

Since the first case was reported at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has spread throughout the world and has become a pandemic. The high transmission rate of the virus has made it a threat to public health globally. Viral infections may trigger acute coronary syndromes, arrhythmias, and exacerbation of heart failure, due to a combination of effects including significant systemic inflammatory responses and localized vascular inflammation at the arterial plaque level. Indonesian clinical practice guideline stated that (hydroxy)chloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin may be used to treat for COVID-19. However, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin all prolong the QT interval, raising concerns about the risk of arrhythmic death from individual or concurrent use of these medications. To date, there is still no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Therefore, prevention of infection in people with cardiovascular risk and mitigation of the adverse effects of treatment is necessary.

Background: There is controversy among physicians regarding the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Moreover, the evidence of previous studies about this topic remained inconclusive. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the relation between the risk of major bleeding and the use of different DAPT (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) in ACS patients treated with CABG. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted during March to October 2019. Searches were carried out in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The predictor covariate in our present study was DAPT (clopidogrel or ticagrelor), and the outcome measure was the risk of major bleeding. Sub-group analysis was also performed, where data were classified into pre- and post-CABG. Furthermore, to determine the correlation and effect estimation, data were analyzed using fixed or random effect model. Results: A total of 13 studies consisting 34,015 patients treated with clopidogrel and 32,661 patients treated with ticagrelor was included in our study. Our pooled calculation revealed that the incidence of major bleeding was not different significantly between clopidogrel and ticagrelor. In pre- and post-CABG sub-groups, our results also found no significant difference in major bleeding incidence between clopidogrel and ticagrelor groups. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis clarifies that clopidogrel, compared to ticagrelor, or vice versa, is not associated with the risk of major bleeding in ACS patients treated with CABG.

This research paper aims to analyze the readiness of local government in Indonesia in order to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiated by the United Nations for rural area level. The author analyzes the open government readiness in Melung Village, Banyumas Districts, Central Java, as a specific case to see the strategy and application of e-government model that was conducted by the government. This paper argues despite the location in the rural area, the government of Melung Village has utilized the system based on the SDGs framework, such as an action to replace paper-based administration into electronic government. This effort was taken to improve the efficiency of public services based on quality and accountability which leads to more active government participation in sharing information with its citizen. Nevertheless, the local government of Melung Village efforts were not good enough since they still need assistance from government and state-owned company. Therefore, the result of the research might strengthen local government institutional and able to fulfill the development goals as is set in SDGs framework.

This study aims at discussing the importance of promoting writing experiences through learning community to trigger students in writing. This is review study with analytic descriptive way by describing and discussing the related literature studies. It deals with writing experiences as the capital to write. While there is no experience, there is no writing. Learning community used in this study is the learning facility so that the students can learn how to write. More active in learning community, the student get the knowledge and experience of writing. Those become the inspiration for them to rewrite what to write.

Observing a lot of land conflicts in Indonesia which is constantly increasing, and followed by the rapidly growing populations that caused the demand for land will also increase automatically. While the number of the available land is limited (not increasing). This condition will surely causes problems on controlling and ownership of the land. This research aims to identify the factors which causes conflict (dispute) of land, by doing inventory to the lands which is owned by the community (whether it is registered or not registered). From this temporary research result, it is known that, the implementation of the land registration in Deli Serdang district (the research location) has not happened as expected. It can be seen from the number of land which has not been registered, this condition will certainly trigger conflicts or disputes in society, both ownership boundary disputes, control of illegal land (arable land), inheritance disputes, etc. Certificate ownership mostly only exist in urban area. The lack of interest by the community to join the land registration is due to various of reasons, which is: 1) the community do not recognized the purpose of land registration, 2) the cost is expensive, 3) the management is convoluted, 4) the community feels that it is not a necessary to do it, 5) arable land. In this research, the role of National Land Agency (NLA) as the organizer of land registration has not been surely prominent, it is visible that the NLA office is more passive, which is only waiting for the arrival of the owner land to register their lands, NLA should be more involved in land registration and followed by socialization, counseling for the community. As well for the land disputes which is in the region of the Land Office until this moment is currently unfinished and still having a lot of problems, in order to achieve the above purpose, Deli Serdang Land Office has taken steps by empowering all the existing abilities, it has been a huge duty for Land Office, by remembering there will be more and more usage and utilization in the future, while the available land is limited, and hoping that the community will be motivated to registered their lands for achieving the legal certainty.

Aim: to construct and validate Indonesian version of SF-36. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, which consist of 2 stages process: 1) language and cultural adaption; and 2) validity and reliability evaluation. We evaluated 32 pacemaker patients during language and cultural adaptation stage and 20 pacemaker patients during validity and reliability evaluation stages from September 2014 to August 2015. We followed cross-cultural adaptation guideline to produce Indonesian version of the questionnaire. The final translated questionnaire was checked by assessing the correlation of SF-36 and 6-minutes walking test (6MWT) and NT pro-BNP result. Results: Indonesian version of SF-36 showed positive correlation between 6MWT result and physical functioning (PF) (r=0.363; p=0.001) and negative correlation between NT pro-BNP score with general health (GH) (r=-0.269; p=0.020) and mental health (MH) (r=-0.271; p=0.019). The internal consistency of Indonesian version of SF-36 questionnaire, which measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was good with value of >0.70. Repeatability between day 1 and day 8 was good, with strong positive correlation (r=0.626; p=0.003). Conclusion: the Indonesian version of SF-36 could be used as a general questionnaire to assess quality of life in patients with permanent pacemaker.

Background: to identify other factors other than the TIMI scores that can be used as predictors of 30-day mortality in STEMI patients by including variables of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and glomerulus filtration rate (GFR) at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 487 STEMI patients who were hospitalized at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo between 2004 and 2013. Sample size was calculated using the rule of thumbs formula. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate method using Cox’s Proportional Hazard Regression Model. Subsequently, a new scoring system was developed to predict 30-day mortality rate in STEMI patients. Calibration and discrimination features of the new model were assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow test and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that only two variables in the new score system model were statistically significant, i.e. the Killip class II to IV and GFR with a range of total score between 0 and 4.6. Thirty-day mortality risk stratification for STEMI patient included high, moderate and low risks. The risk was considered high when the total score was >3.5 (46.5%). It was considered moderate if the total score was between 2.5 and 3.5 (23.2%) and low if the total score was 0.05) and discrimination (AUC 0.816 (0.756-0.875; CI 95%). Conclusion: There are two new score variables that can be used as predictors of 30-day mortality risks for STEMI patients, i.e. the Killip class and GFR with satisfactory calibration and discrimination rate.

The classification of high-resolution satellite images is an open research problem for computer vision research community. In last few decades, the Bag of Visual Word (BoVW) model has been used for the classification of satellite images. In BoVW model, an orderless histogram of visual words without any spatial information is used as image signature. The performance of BoVW model suffers due to this orderless nature and addition of spatial clues are reported beneficial for scene and geographical classification of images. Most of the image representations that can compute image spatial information as are not invariant to rotations. A rotation invariant image representation is considered as one of the main requirement for satellite image classification. This paper presents a novel approach that computes the spatial clues for the histograms of BoVW model that is robust to the image rotations. The spatial clues are calculated by computing the histograms of orthogonal vectors. This is achieved by calculating the magnitude of orthogonal vectors between Pairs of Identical Visual Words (PIVW) relative to the geometric center of an image. The comparative analysis is performed with recently proposed research to obtain the best spatial feature representation for the satellite imagery. We evaluated the proposed research for image classification using three standard image benchmarks of remote sensing. The results and comparisons conducted to evaluate this research show that the proposed approach performs better in terms of classification accuracy for a variety of datasets based on satellite images.

Dengue has been a perennial public health problem in Medan city, North Sumatera, despite the widespread implementation of dengue control. Understanding the spatial and temporal pattern of dengue is critical for effective implementation of dengue control strategies. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology and spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Medan City, Indonesia. Data on dengue incidence were obtained from January 2016 to December 2019. Kulldorff’s space-time scan statistic was used to identify dengue clusters. The Getis-Ord Gi* and Anselin Local Moran’s I statistics were used for further characterisation of dengue hotspots and cold spots. Results: A total of 5556 cases were reported from 151 villages across 21 districts in Medan City. Annual incidence in villages varied from zero to 439.32 per 100,000 inhabitants. According to Kulldorf’s space-time scan statistic, the most likely cluster was located in 27 villages in the south-west of Medan between January 2016 and February 2017, with a relative risk (RR) of 2.47. Getis-Ord Gi* and LISA statistics also identified these villages as hotpot areas. Significant space-time dengue clusters were identified during the study period. These clusters could be prioritized for resource allocation for more efficient prevention and control of dengue.

The future megacity of Faisalabad is of prime interest when considering environmental health because of its bulky population and abundant industrial and anthropogenic sources of coarse particles (PM10) and fine airborne particulate matter (PM2.5). The current study was aimed to investigate the concentration level of PM2.5 and PM10, also the characterization of carbonaceous aerosols including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected from five different sectors (residential, health, commercial, industrial, and vehicular zone). The data presented here are the first of their kind in this sprawling city having industries and agricultural activities side by side. Results of the study revealed that the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 is at an elevated level throughout Faisalabad, with ambient PM2.5 and PM10 points that constantly exceeded the 24-h standards of US-EPA, and National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS) which poses harmful effects on the quality of air and health. The total carbon concentration varied between 21.33 and 206.84 μg/m3, and 26.08 and 211.15 μg/m3 with an average of 119.16 ± 64.91 μg/m3 and 124.71 ± 64.38 μg/m3 for PM2.5 in summer and winter seasons, respectively. For PM10, the concentration of TC varied from 34.52 to 289.21 μg/m3 with an average of 181.50 ± 87.38 μg/m3 (for summer season) and it ranged between 44.04 and 300.02 μg/m3 with an average of 191.04 ± 87.98 μg/m3 (winter season), respectively. No significant difference between particulate concentration and weather parameters was observed. Similarly, results of air quality index (AQI) and pollution index (PI) stated that the air quality of Faisalabad ranges from poor to severely pollute. In terms of AQI, moderate pollution was recorded on sampling sites in the following order; Ittehad Welfare Dispensary > Saleemi Chowk > Kashmir Road > Pepsi Factory, while at Nazria Pakistan Square and Allied Hospital, higher AQI values were recorded. The analysis and results presented in this study can be used by policy-makers to apply rigorous strategies that decrease air pollution and the associated health effects in Faisalabad.

Nitrogen loss from agricultural fields results in contamination of ground and surface water resources due to leaching and runoff, respectively. Nitrogen transport dynamics vary significantly among agricultural fields of different climates, especially in the tropical climate. This study intended to evaluate the rainfall impact on nitrogen distribution and losses under tropical rain-fed conditions. The study was carried out in a sweet corn field for two growing seasons at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) research field. The HYDRUS-1D numerical model was used to simulate nitrogen transport dynamics in this study. The observed nitrogen concentrations were used for calibration and validation of the model. Total nitrogen input to sweet corn was 120 kg/ha for both seasons. Nitrogen losses through surface runoff and leaching were dominating pathways. Surface runoff accounted for 35.3% and 22.2% of total nitrogen input during the first and second seasons, respectively. The leaching loss at 60 cm depth accounted for 4.0% (first season) and 18.5% (second season). The crop N uptake was 37.5% and 24.9% during the first and second seasons, respectively. Nitrate was the dominant form of N uptake by the crop that accounted for 83.6% (first season) and 78.5% (second season). The HYDRUS-1D simulation results of nitrogen concentrations and fluxes were found in good agreement with observed data. The overall results of simulation justified the HYDRUS-1D for improved fertilizer use in the tropical climate.

Mengamati banyak konflik tanah di Indonesia yang terus meningkat, dan diikuti oleh populasi yang tumbuh cepat sehingga permintaan lahan juga akan meningkat secara otomatis. Sedangkan jumlah lahan yang tersedia terbatas. Kondisi ini tentunya akan menimbulkan masalah dalam pengendalian dan pemilikan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab konflik tanah, dengan melakukan inventarisasi ke lahan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat (baik yang terdaftar maupun tidak terdaftar).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif empiris, dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan data primer. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur, sedangkan data primer diperoleh langsung dari responden, dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian berada di Deli Serdang, dari 23 kecamatan di Deli Serdang, 7 kabupaten diambil dan dibuat dalam sampel dari masing-masing kabupaten diberi 100 responden.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa, pelaksanaan pendaftaran tanah di Kabupaten Deli Serdang belum terjadi seperti yang diharapkan. Bisa dilihat dari jumlah lahan yang belum terdaftar, kondisi ini tentu akan memicu konflik atau perselisihan di masyarakat, baik perselisihan batas kepemilikan, pengendalian lahan ilegal, perselisihan warisan, kepemilikan sertifikat, kurangnya ketertarikan masyarakat untuk mengikuti pendaftaran tanah adalah karena berbagai alasan, yaitu: masyarakat tidak mengetahui tujuan pendaftaran tanah, biayanya mahal, pengelolaannya berbelit-belit, masyarakat merasa bahwa tidak perlu melakukannya, lahan subur. Kata kunci: Registrasi Tanah, Kepastian Hukum, Konflik.