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Single transducer-based sensors have limitations of sensitivity and detection range. To enhance the sensitivity and range of detection here, a multi-transducer-based sensing array is designed for humidity sensing applications. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) namely MoSe2 nano-flakes and an organic semiconducting polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) are employed as active layers for two different sensors on a single polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Here, MoSe2 nano-flakes are highly responsive towards the low relative humidity (RH) region below 50% RH, while the PVOH is responsive to high humidity levels above 50% RH. The two sensors are combined in series as sensor array, which are capable to detect linear humidity response from all range of RH. Screen-printing and spin coating techniques are utilized for fabrication of inter digital electrodes (IDEs) and active layers, respectively. The impedance responses of individual as well as sensor array are recorded at 1 kHz frequency to analyze the fabricated sensor, and COMSOL Multiphysics platform is used for designing and verification of experimental results. The fabricated sensor is capable to detect a wide range from 0 to 100% RH, with a response time (Tres) of 0.6 s and recovery time (Trec) of 0.9 s with a very high sensitivity of 50 kΩ/RH. This approach can resolve the limitations of sensitivity, detection range, and response time faced in single transducer-based sensors.

Researchers have been working to make software processes smooth and efficient. DevOps is a software development framework that fits best in the context of ever-emerging cloud technologies. DevOps has made it possible to automate each stage of software development, this is why it is gaining popularity rapidly. For the Pakistani software industry, the acceptance of DevOps is hindered by many factors. The most important of them all is the ever-widening disparity between the industry and academia. To assess the knowledge and acceptance of DevOps in the Pakistani software industry, a survey was conducted. Apart from other results, one conclusion is clear from the survey; Pakistani software engineers are completely aware of the changes taking place in the international market and they are trying to cope up with them, but the lack of theoretical knowledge is not allowing them to get to the pace they should have been. At the end of the article, some suggestions are presented to improve the situation.

With the transition towards a smart grid, the power system has become strongly intertwined with the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. The interdependency of both domains requires a combined analysis of physical and ICT processes, but simulating these together is a major challenge due to the fundamentally different modeling and simulation concepts. After outlining these challenges, such as time synchronization and event handling, this manuscript presents an overview of state-of-the-art solutions to interface power system and ICT simulators. Due to their prominence in recent research, a special focus is set on co-simulation approaches and their challenges and potentials. Further, two case studies analyzing the impact of ICT on applications in power system operation illustrate the necessity of a holistic approach and show the capabilities of state-of-the-art co-simulation platforms.

Power quality has become a significant concern for the Electrical Engineers over the years. Among the numerous power quality issues, the most distinguished is the voltage sag. In this research, Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) based switched autotransformer is used in order to recompense the depletion in voltage. This technique utilizes reduced number of switching devices per phase, lessened gate driver circuit size, the ability to preserve the desired undistorted load voltage, wholesomeness and quick response. Therefore, it is inferred that the load voltage is sustained in spite of the sag.

People spend a huge time in the office. The office environment directly affects the efficiency of employees. Therefore, the office needs to be comfortable. Smart offices make life easier for employees and customers. Office automation makes the system more transparent and can share information more openly, thus creating a huge impact on the operation of the industrial sector and enterprises. This research has potential to control full office load and separate portion load. It can control the lights of office by light intensity control. It measures the temperature by sensors and then turns off or turn on the different devices accordingly to maintain the temperature. It also includes the knock command for turning on or off a device. This all process is controlled by using the android mobile app, windows software, knock command and Bluetooth. After temperature comparison AC and heaters are turned on automatically. Light intensity increases or decreases according to day light. LCD displays show no. of persons entered, meeting room availability, amperes and voltages etc.

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are at the vanguard of industrial automation. In this article a PLC based control system is design and later on implemented on an induction motor used inside textile industry in spinning plant, further it can be implemented on any other industry. Also, it is implemented by designing hardware circuitry for induction motor's speed control by attaching motor to PLC and tested it. The results are collected for at two conditions; normal and trip operation conditions. With the addition of PLC in the existing system for control and automation of spinning machine's induction motor accuracy is higher than the normal traditional voltage-frequency (V/f) control mechanism and control system. This control system using PLC increases the efficiency of induction motor to 95%. In terms of speed regulation and efficiency, the PLC is very adaptable tool for industry and electric drives control.

Hybrid systems such as Cyber Physical System (CPS) are becoming increasingly popular, mainly due to the involvement of information technology in different aspects of life. For analysis and verification of hybrid system models, simulation is used extensively. As parts of a common hybrid system may belong to different domains of study, it is sometimes beneficial to use specialized simulation packages (SPs) for each domain. In this case, parts of a system are simulated in different SPs. The idea may seem simple, but coupling more than one simulation component presents challenges related to numerical stability. The presented article suggests an implicit solver coupling technique enhanced to facilitate simulation of hybrid models using multiple simulation components. The technique is developed using two of the most popular simulation interoperability standards, namely, the High Level Architecture and the Functional Mock-up Interface. By using these standards, the developed algorithm will be useful for a large number of practitioners and researchers. The developed algorithm is described using a generic distributed computation model, which makes it reproducible even without using the standards. For the verification of results, the algorithm is tested on two case studies. The results are compared to a monolithic simulator and the proximity of results initiates the validity of the developed algorithm.

High Level Architecture (HLA) and Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) are two simulation interoperability standards. The HLA is older, well established and popular in industry. The FMI is a new standard, with plenty of support from the open source community and scientists. In this paper, it is presented how the strengths of both, the HLA and the FMI, can be utilized to realize a distributed hybrid (or heterogeneous) simulation platform. Two different algorithms are proposed for such a platform. To demonstrate the correctness of algorithms, and their performance comparison, a simulation example is chosen from the domain of complex energy systems.

Distributed computing offers many advantages for all types of computational applications. Realizing heterogeneous simulation platforms may benefit from many facilities of distributed computing. However, distributing simulation components over a network raises many challenges concerning communications, data exchange, numerical stabilities and others. A well-known solution that addresses some of these challenges is the High Level Architecture (HLA). The HLA is an industry standard for distributed simulation and interoperability. So far the HLA has been used in industry for Discrete Event Simulations (DES). In this paper it is presented how the HLA can also be employed for continuous simulations. Two HLA specific algorithms for distributing explicitly coupled continuous simulation components over the network are presented. The simulation components follow the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) specification. The FMI is a specification for model exchange and co-simulation among simulation tools. Any simulation component conforming to FMI, generated from any of the more than forty simulation tools1 that are supporting or planning to support the FMI, can be considered in the proposed architecture.

Recently many commercial and non-commercial Simulation Packages (SPs) have agreed to use the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) as the medium of interoperability. FMI presents numerous opportunities to utilize highly specialized SPs for modeling, and simulating multidisciplinary applications with several components of various types. However there is one thing missing in the FMI; the master algorithm. The paper proposes to use, the High Level Architecture (HLA) compliant Run Time Infrastructure (RTI), as a master for the FMI compatible simulation components. The ultimate goal is to provide a completely generic and standalone master for the FMI, making FMI-based simulation components usable as plug and play components, on variety of distributed environments including grids and clouds. Towards this promising goal an initial methodology is outlined.