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Abstract The Hybrid NAR-RBFs Networks for COVID-19 fractional order model is examined in this scientific study. Hybrid NAR-RBFs Networks for COVID-19, that is more infectious which is appearing in numerous areas as people strive to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial to figure out how to create strategies that would stop the spread of COVID-19 with a different age groups. We used the epidemic scenario in the Hybrid NAR-RBFs Networks as a case study in order to replicate the propagation of the modified COVID-19. In this research work, existence and stability are verified for COVID-19 as well as proved unique solutions by applying some results of fixed point theory. The developed approach to investigate the impact of Hybrid NAR-RBFs Networks due to COVID-19 at different age groups is relatively advanced. Also obtain solutions for a proposed model by utilizing Atanga Toufik technique and fractal fractional which are the advanced techniques for such type of infectious problems for continuous monitoring of spread of COVID-19 in different age groups. Comparisons has been made to check the efficiency of techniques as well as for finding the reliable solutions to understand the dynamical behavior of Hybrid NAR-RBFs Networks for non-linear COVID-19. Finally, the parameters are evaluated to see the impact of illness and present numerical simulations using Matlab to see actual behavior of this infectious disease for Hybrid NAR-RBFs Networks of COVID-19 for different age groups.

Di Indonesia, telah terjadi beberapa kasus perusahaan manufaktur yang mengalami penurunan laba di Kabupaten Serang dan Kota Cilegon. Penurunan ini dapat dikaitkan dengan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin cepat dan maju di era sekarang ini, yang membuat persaingan di sektor bisnis semakin ketat. Peneliti bertujuan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara informasi akuntansi manajemen, pengambilan keputusan manajerial, locus of control , dan kinerja perusahaan dengan model yang telah peneliti rumuskan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif kausalitas, yang menyelidiki dampak hubungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Kabupaten Serang dengan 135 perusahaan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling, menggunakan 20 perusahaan dengan jumlah karyawan yang menduduki jabatan seperti kepala divisi atau departemen dan supervisor. Jumlah sampel yang ditetapkan dari 20 perusahaan dengan 64 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala interval 1 sangat tidak setuju sampai 10 sangat setuju dengan studi lapangan sebanyak 64 responden data terkumpul, peneliti mengolah data tersebut dengan program bantuan smart pls versi 4.0 melalui evaluasi model pengukuran, inner model dan uji hipotesis dengan bootstrapping tes. . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan secara statistik informasi akuntansi manajemen, pengambilan keputusan manajerial dan locus of control berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Locus of control dapat memediasi pengaruh informasi akuntansi manajemen terhadap kinerja perusahaan dan pengambilan keputusan manajerial terhadap kinerja perusahaan.

The closing Editorial of this comprehensive special collection presents the journey from this project’s inception to the publication of around five dozen outstanding studies that have been a testament to the dedication, innovation, and collective wisdom of the global agricultural engineering community [...]

Abstract COVID-19 is linked to diabetes, increasing the likelihood and severity of outcomes due to hyperglycemia, immune system impairment, vascular problems, and comorbidities like hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, which can lead to catastrophic outcomes. The study presents a novel COVID-19 management approach for diabetic patients using a fractal fractional operator and Mittag-Leffler kernel. It uses the Lipschitz criterion and linear growth to identify the solution singularity and analyzes the global derivative impact, confirming unique solutions and demonstrating the bounded nature of the proposed system. The study examines the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes, using global stability analysis and quantitative examination of equilibrium states. Sensitivity analysis is conducted using reproductive numbers to determine the disease’s status in society and the impact of control strategies, highlighting the importance of understanding epidemic problems and their properties. This study uses two-step Lagrange polynomial to analyze the impact of the fractional operator on a proposed model. Numerical simulations using MATLAB validate the effects of COVID-19 on diabetic patients and allow predictions based on the established theoretical framework, supporting the theoretical findings. This study will help to observe and understand how COVID-19 affects people with diabetes. This will help with control plans in the future to lessen the effects of COVID-19.

The widespread presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic heavy metals in soils is having harmful effects on food crops and the environment. However, the defense mechanisms and capacity of plants to counteract these substances have not been comprehensively explored, necessitating a systematic categorization of their inhibitory effects. Accordingly, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the growth and physiological response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different concentrations and combinations of pyrene, copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd), with an indicator developed to assess the joint stress. The results showed that 57-day culture with contaminations significantly inhibited the plant biomass via causing root cell necrosis, inducing lipid peroxidation, and damaging photosynthesis. Cd (50-100 mg/kg) induced stronger inhibition than Cu (800-1000 mg/kg) under both single and joint stress, and their co-existence further aggravated the adverse effects and generated synergetic inhibition. Although the presence of pyrene at a low concentration (5-50 mg/kg) can somewhat diminish the metal stress, the elevated pollutant concentrations (400-750 mg/kg pyrene, 50-100 mg/kg Cd, and 800-1000 mg/kg Cu) switched the antagonistic effect to additive inhibition on maize growth. A satisfactory tolerance of a low-level pyrene and/or metal stress was determined, associated with a relative stability of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content and antioxidant enzymes activity. Nevertheless, the photosynthesis and antioxidant system were significantly damaged with increasing contaminant concentrations, resulting in chlorosis and biomass reduction. These findings could provide valuable knowledge for ensuring crop yield and food quality as well as implementing soil phytoremediation.

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Mental and neurological disorders are a growing global concern, further intensified by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress management techniques, such as deep pressure therapy, have gained attention, with weighted vests commonly used for anxiety relief. However, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. This study aimed to rigorously assess the effectiveness of a weighted vest incorporating vibrotactile stimulation in reducing anxiety by measuring physiological indicators—pulse rate and skin conductance (SC)—as well as subjective comfort ratings. Methods A total of 30 final‐semester college students participated in the study. Participants wore a vibrotactile‐weighted vest, and both pulse rate and skin conductance (SC) were measured to gauge anxiety levels. Additionally, participants rated their comfort using a Comfort Rating Scale (CRS). Changes in pulse rate and SC were statistically analyzed, and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated to assess the magnitude of the intervention's impact. Results The weighted vest with vibrotactile stimulation resulted in a significant reduction in both pulse rate (dpulse = 0.23–0.62) and SC (dsc = 0.32–0.66), indicating a small to medium effect size in anxiety reduction. Subjective evaluations of the vest using the CRS revealed low scores on discomfort‐related items, with participants rating unfavorable statements between 1.5/10 and 4.6/10, suggesting overall comfort during use. Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence that vibrotactile‐weighted vests effectively reduce anxiety, as indicated by both physiological measures and subjective comfort ratings. The findings support the potential of this intervention as a formal therapeutic tool for stress and anxiety reduction. Further research may explore long‐term effects and broader applications in clinical settings.

Background: The use of Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) devices in cardiogenic shock (CS) is growing. However, the recent trends in using different MCS modalities and their outcomes in acute myocardial infarction associated CS (AMI-CS) are unknown. Methods: The national readmission database (2016–2020) was used to identify AMI-CS requiring MCS. Cohorts were stratified as ECMO compared to Impella. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to remove confounding factors. Pearson's x2 test was applied to matched cohorts to compare outcomes. We used multivariate regression and reported predictive margins for adjusted trend analysis. Results: Among 20,950 AMI-CS hospitalizations requiring MCS, 19,628 (93.7 %) received Impella vs 1322 (6.3 %) were placed only on ECMO. ECMO group was younger (median age: 61 vs. 68 years, p

Efficient transfer of energy is an important issue addressed by numerous scholars in the literature and various methods have been proposed for enhancing the heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers. Among many different heat exchangers, helical tubes are one of the most prevalent types of heat exchangers which have many applications in industry. In a case study, effect of twisting technique on the heat transfer in a helical tube with oval cross section has been investigated numerically and the results have been compared with simple circular cross section helical tube. Effect of cross section aspect ratio and twisting ratio in different flow Reynolds numbers has been considered. Results have been presented in terms of Nusselt number, friction factor, PEC, entropy generation and contours of velocity, streamlines and temperature. Results indicate that twisting technique can significantly enhance the heat transfer and all cases have PEC values of above unit which indicates superiority of this method. Also the velocity contours and streamlines indicate that using twisting technique result in higher mixing in the flow which is the reason for higher heat transfer characteristics in twisted oval helical tubes.

With the increase in the growing rate of municipal solid waste throughout the world and due to the high moisture and organic components of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, dry anaerobic digestion has become the future direction to cope with this waste while reducing the impact on the environment, including climate change. Dry anaerobic digestion has become a promising technology that converts the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into combustible biogases, which can be used as an alternative energy source. However, the technology faces several challenges that must be addressed to enhance its performance and adoption. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current technologies used for dry anaerobic digestion in OFMSW and delves into the various factors that influence the performance of these technologies. This review paper also identifies and discusses the challenges faced in optimizing and scaling up these technologies, such as feedstock pretreatment requirements, characteristics of inoculum, and other crucial parameters.

This study addresses the durability and performance challenges in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology, primarily focusing on optimal humidity management. Acknowledging that, beyond technical aspects, the broader commercialization of PEMFCs is critically influenced by factors such as the cost and availability of hydrogen, this research aims to provide a comprehensive solution to enhance PEMFC applicability. Utilizing Nafion (NR-212), reverse osmosis (RO), and pervaporation (PV) membranes, the study optimizes five key performance metrics: pressure drop (∆P), dew point approach temperature (DPAT), water recovery ratio (WRR), Water Flux (J), and coefficient of performance (COP). These optimizations are conducted considering variables like temperature, humidity, flowrate, and membrane material. A deep neural network (DNN) model, incorporating Bayesian surrogacy with Gaussian process, gradient boost regression trees, and random forest, is developed using experimental data. With a correlation coefficient of 0.986, the model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting performance metrics, subsequently guiding genetic algorithms for effective PEMFC humidity control. The results show significant improvements in all metrics, with optimal values achieved for NR-212, RO, and PV membranes. This study thus presents a novel, practical deep learning approach, considering both technological advancements and external economic factors, for enhancing PEMFC operations.

This study assessed the past changes in extreme precipitation and temperature events across the Himalayan Mountains of Pakistan. This cold and mountainous environmental region has witnessed a significant increase in climate-related disasters over the past few decades. Spatiotemporal changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events were analyzed using 24 indices developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). For this study, in situ data of 16 national meteorological stations were obtained from the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) for the past three decades (1991–2020). The significance of the trends was assessed using the modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test, and the Theil–Sen (TS) slope estimator was used to estimate the slope of the trend. The results showed that there has been a consistent decline in the total precipitation amount across the Himalayan Mountains of Pakistan. The trend exhibited a decrease in the annual average precipitation at a rate of −6.56 mm/year. Simultaneously, there was an increasing trend in the annual average minimum and maximum temperatures at rates of 0.02 °C/year and 0.07 °C/year, respectively. The frequencies of consecutive wet days (CWDs) and maximum 5-day precipitation (RX5day) have decreased significantly, with decreasing rates of −0.40 days/year and −1.18 mm/year, respectively. The amount of precipitation during very wet days (R95p) and extremely wet days was decreased by −19.20 and −13.60 mm/decade, respectively. The warm spell duration (WSDI) and the frequency of warm days (TX90p) across the Himalayan Range both increased by 1.5 and 1.4 days/decade. The number of cold days (TX10p) and cold nights (TN10p) decreased by 2.9 and 3.4 days/decade. The average temperature of the hottest nights (TXn) and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) were increased by 0.10 and 0.30 °C/decade. The results indicated an increasing tendency of dry and warm weather in the Himalayan region of Pakistan, which could have adverse consequences for water resources, agriculture, and disaster management in the country. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the implementation of localized adaptation techniques in order to enhance sustainable climate resilience and effectively address the emerging climate challenges faced by these mountainous regions.

Metabolic disorders including hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease etc. are the major threats to public health and economy. Management and prevention of alarmingly increased aforementioned disorders has attracted researchers to explore their natural remedies. The objective of this study was to explore ultrasonically extracted dietary fibers from indigenous oat cultivars (SGD2011, Avon, SGD81, PD2LV65, and S2000) for their techno-functional characteristics, mineral composition and phytochemicals. These characteristics will find the way to ultimately use oats in food and feed industries to address consumer demand. Extraction of dietary fibers from oat cultivars was optimized by response surface methodology. These cultivars varied significantly (p < 0.05) for oil holding capacity, water saturation and water holding capacity. The SGD81 cultivar showed the highest oil holding capacity, water holding capacity and water saturation due to its highest fraction of dietary fiber. The highest values of total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, total flavonol contents, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and anthocyanins were shown by SGD81, and SGD2011. All cultivars varied significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to phytochemical quantification. The cultivars SGD81 and SGD2011 showed the best phenolic acid profile and can be effectively used as source of nutraceutical. Beyond well-established nutritional properties of oat, these may also contribute dietary fibers for their nutraceutical properties. This approach can protect people from metabolic disorders. Moreover, extraction of dietary fibers through sonication can be considered an eco-friendly strategy.

Abstract Food bioactive compounds have a beneficial biological effect on human health, fending off cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegenerative disease, among other noncommunicable diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Secondary metabolites like polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, vitamins, terpenoids, saponins, and fibers have been linked to these health benefits due to their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. This review comprehensively illustrates the extraction of bioactive compounds in food formulations along plant wastes and provides insight into the efficient delivery systems for health‐promoting compounds. There is an insight into how to choose which bioactive to use, how to extract them in a bioavailable state, and how to include and deliver them. Grapes, garlic, sweet potato leaves, cactus pears, beetroot, amaranth, Picea abies bark waste, olive leaves, and black plum are discussed comprehensively in terms of extraction and health benefits. The novel and emerging technologies are discussed in detail, and a comprehensive review and comparison with conventional methods are presented. The significant health benefits associated with bioactive compounds are also discussed.

This study provides a high-level overview of alternative energy sources that can be harnessed to power agricultural operations, focusing on renewable energy technologies. When thinking about the overall economy around the globe, agriculture is vital. Energy is required at each step of production, from fertilizer production to fueling tractors for planting and harvesting. The high energy prices and unpredictable energy market significantly affect the input energy costs. Energy efficiency methods, when properly applied, and the use of farm’s renewable energy sources could assist agricultural producers in saving energy-related costs. Renewable energy resources in the form of solar, biomass, wind, and geothermal energy are abundantly available in the agriculture sector. This review aims to explore renewable energy as an alternative energy source for efficient energy management in agriculture. It discusses the potential benefits, challenges, and opportunities associated with adopting renewable energy technologies in the agricultural sector. Our research adds value by presenting a comprehensive overview of alternative energy sources and their applicability in energy management. By highlighting the benefits and potential challenges associated with each option, we provide valuable insights for agricultural stakeholders and researchers aiming to transition toward sustainable energy practices in the sector. Better energy management is intertwined with problems that need a broader strategy than has so far been used. In a nutshell, transitioning to alternative energy sources for energy management in agriculture holds great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainability in food production. However, successful implementation requires addressing technical, economic, and policy barriers while fostering knowledge dissemination and capacity building among farmers and stakeholders.

Abstract Automatic brain tumour segmentation in MRI scans aims to separate the brain tumour's endoscopic core, edema, non‐enhancing tumour core, peritumoral edema, and enhancing tumour core from three‐dimensional MR voxels. Due to the wide range of brain tumour intensity, shape, location, and size, it is challenging to segment these regions automatically. UNet is the prime three‐dimensional CNN network performance source for medical imaging applications like brain tumour segmentation. This research proposes a context aware 3D ARDUNet (Attentional Residual Dropout UNet) network, a modified version of UNet to take advantage of the ResNet and soft attention. A novel residual dropout block (RDB) is implemented in the analytical encoder path to replace traditional UNet convolutional blocks to extract more contextual information. A unique Attentional Residual Dropout Block (ARDB) in the decoder path utilizes skip connections and attention gates to retrieve local and global contextual information. The attention gate enabled the Network to focus on the relevant part of the input image and suppress irrelevant details. Finally, the proposed Network assessed BRATS2018, BRATS2019, and BRATS2020 to some best‐in‐class segmentation approaches. The proposed Network achieved dice scores of 0.90, 0.92, and 0.93 for the whole tumour. On BRATS2018, BRATS2019, and BRATS2020, tumour core is 0.90, 0.92, 0.93, and enhancing tumour is 0.92, 0.93, 0.94.

Assessing groundwater recharge is crucial for managing and governing water resources in any region. Indus River Basin (IRB) is an area that relies heavily on canal and groundwater irrigation. The replenishment of groundwater is largely dependent on surface water supplies. The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of groundwater recharge from various sources in Rachna Doab. The study employed the water budget method to calculate seasonal groundwater recharge during the Rabi (October–March) and Kharif (April–September) (Summer) periods from 2005 to 2011. The main components of the recharge were rainfall, water conveyed through channels, and irrigation water applied to cultivated fields. Conversely, the extraction of water from private and public tube wells was the discharge component of the study. Groundwater levels increased during the Kharif season but decreased during the Rabi season. Average recharge contribution from rainfall was 45 and 14% during the Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively. The total annual recharge from watercourses and irrigation fields was estimated to be approximately 33% of the total recharge. Rainfall was the most significant source of long-term seasonal recharge, followed by watercourses and irrigation fields. In general, the average depletion of the reservoir was 94 million cubic meters per season. HIGHLIGHTS Contribution to groundwater recharge from different sources in Rachna Doab is estimated using water budget method for 2005–2011.; Rainfall contributes to groundwater recharge, i.e., 45% during the Kharif season and 14% during the Rabi season.; Water courses and field irrigation contribute an average of 33% of total recharge.; The groundwater reservoir in the study area is depleted at a rate of 94 MCM per season due to more pumping than recharge.;

Transfer of IKN to East Kalimantan will be both an opportunity and challenge, especially the needs of new tertiary institutions in IKN supporting areas. This study aims to determine the perspective and support of the community towards the plan to establish a higher education institution in the archipelago's IKN buffer zone. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method with the population is Samarinda City residents of 825,494 people with a sample size of 400 people selected by Proportional Random Sampling. The data collected was then processed and analyzed descriptively in the form of frequency distribution tables and graphs accompanied by narration. The results of the study show that most of the people of Samarinda City have a positive perspective and support the plan to establish a new higher education institution in the IKN Nusantara buffer zone located in Samarinda City. Therefore, Mulawarman University and its formation team need to prepare strategic steps that are considered important and prioritized regarding the plan to establish Nusantara State University.

Abstract An intelligent video surveillance system is crucial to enhance public safety, crime prevention, traffic, and crowd management in a smart city milieu. Situational awareness is an essential aspect of these surveillance systems and it is inferred through underlying context aware frameworks. However, these systems may not possess the ability to proactively disseminate the real‐time context among its sensor nodes. Moreover, in the specific conditions of occurrence of related or repeated events, these systems may also perform inefficiently through afresh context processing and disseminate cycles, without learning from the relevant context that has already been occurred and processed by the system. It leads to deteriorated performance, especially delay in reaction, overwhelmed processing, and energy expenditures. Therefore, to counter such issues, this research work proposes an energy efficient situational aware framework deployed in visual sensors network that is incorporated with context associative learning. System observes currently occurring context at each instance of an event. Overtime, context is refined and stored in context database. Such mechanism empowers the system to learn from previous experiences and develop relationship among the subsequent events that is embedded through this associative (adaptive) learning. Eventually, each event is processed through intelligent resource allocation, supported through mechanism of context learning that further illustrates the independent functions of reduced processing and improved (rapid) decision making resulting in evolution of energy efficient computing paradigm. Ultimately, the capability of learned reflex‐action is induced through introspectively evolved context of the system in entirety and against specific condition of recurred situation depicting minimum energy expenditure.

Households in developing countries rely on traditional cooking methods despite low-efficiency and high risks of air pollution and health. Various improved biomass cookstove technologies have been developed to address this issue, but there is still room for improvement in biomass cooking technology. This research aims to enhance the biomass cookstove by investigating its performance under different air inlet conditions using computational fluid dynamics analysis. The impact of air flow rate and the position of the secondary air inlet on the thermal efficiency of the biomass cookstove is examined. The eddy dissipation combustion model and k-epsilon turbulence model are utilized in ANSYS Fluent to simulate the combustion process. The cookstove's performance is assessed at three different air flow rates (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg/s) and at two different secondary air inlet positions. The highest thermal efficiency is observed at secondary air inlet located 50 mm below the outlet at a flow rate of 0.03 kg/s. The computational findings from this investigation show a significant connection between the air inlet conditions and the thermal efficiency of the biomass cookstove. Repositioning the secondary air inlet to a location with more available space for complete combustion improves thermal efficiency compared to traditional designs.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have found potential applications in aeronautical, automotive, 3C industries, and the like owing to their good machinability, high specific strength, and low density. However, one of the main obstacles in impeding the Mg is weak corrosion resistance. Herein, the corrosion behavior of WS2/AZ91 composites and the effect of severe deformation through equal channel angular pressing was investigated experimentally and analytically via three-electrode system in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and data driven modelling. The experimental data of the current density and corrosion potentials of different composites at different deformation conditions was first correlated by Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall correlations. After that Bayesian surrogate Gaussian process (GP) assisted optimal neural network was developed to assess the corrosion behavior of different metal matrix composites at different deformation conditions. The correlation matrix showed that for different weight concentrations such as 0 wt %, 0.6 wt %, and 1 wt %, the Pearson correlation value becomes 0.77, 0.64, and 0.7, respectively. Similar to the Pearson correlation, the Kendall and Spearman correlations also showed relatively higher values for 0 wt % and 1 wt % compared to 0.6 wt % concentration. The proposed neural network model expressed a great accuracy in terms of correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9668), mean absolute error (MAE = 0.0583), mean square error (MSE = 0.0405), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 2.183). Although different concentrations and deformation conditions were included in the data, yet, the proposed DNN model was able to predict the current density data with a great accuracy. Finally, the explainable artificial intelligence was used to interpret the prediction of the developed model for different deformations and composite concentrations.

Solar-driven steam generation technology is an environmentally friendly, cost-effective means of sewage treatment and seawater desalination. A significant challenge in the development of this technology is improving the evaporation performance of evaporation devices. Herein, we report an innovative three-dimensional (3D) solar evaporator constructed with MXene-TiOX nanocomposite as the photothermal layer and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel as the water-transport medium. An inverted cone-concave structure of 30° on the photothermal layer can absorb more sunlight through diffuse light reflection. The 3D solar evaporator demonstrates a notable evaporation rate of 2.09 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ , surpassing the efficacy of alternative evaporative systems. In the seawater desalination experiment, the condensed water had salinity levels that were considerably lower than the established threshold for drinking water. The ion rejection ratios for the four primary ions demonstrate a high level of efficacy, with values approaching 99.91%. In addition, the 3D solar evaporator exhibits robust performance in the context of wastewater treatment. This study provides significant contributions to the understanding of the efficiency of solar evaporators based on structural design principles, offering approaches to mitigate the challenges posed by limited freshwater availability.

Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) in Pakistan is the backbone of agriculture in the country. The IBIS provides irrigation support to agricultural lands across the country; however, hydraulic efficiency of the water conveyance system is impacted due to seepage losses. The lining of irrigation channels is considered a potential solution for improving hydraulic efficiency. Therefore, this study explores the impact of canal lining on the hydraulic efficiency of the canals in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Overall, 14 channels/distributaries/minors (total length 226 km) were monitored in terms of hydraulic performance in different irrigation zones. Hydraulic, geometrical, and socioeconomic parameters of channel/distributaries/minors including roughness coefficient, sediments, flow velocity, wetted parameter, breaches, theft cases, bed, side slope, water surface profile, hydraulic radius, crop yield, and vegetation growth area have been experimentally observed. Obtained results have been compared with the design and pre-lining data. Ten seepage tests using the inflow -outflow method and eight seepage tests using the ponding method were conducted to estimate seepage losses. Results indicate that almost all the parameters varied from the design values. A detailed comparison of the socioeconomic parameters has been carried out. Results from seepage tests show an approximately 78% reduction in losses. HIGHLIGHTS Canal lining has reduced seepage losses by ∼78%.; Built cross-sections are ∼5% bigger than design cross-sections.; Concrete lining (1:2:4 P.C.C.) is more suitable for future canal lining.; Froma socioeconomic view, canal lining improved equity and reliability of water distribution.; The useful physical life of 1:2:4 P.C.C. lining is 30–50 years, brick lined ∼20–25 years, and protected geosynthetics more than 50 years.;

The advent of modern means of communication opens up a wide range of possibilities for individual users, organizations, and governments to connect. This paper argues that the concept of peace journalism can leverage the potential of digital developments to maintain relevance in current times. Five areas of peace journalism’s possible synchronization with media digitalization are deduced and elaborated from a pragmatic perspective to facilitate conceptual advancement: (1) digital distribution, (2) utility of the potential of two-way communication, (3) exploration of new forms of digital storytelling, (4) curation of various digital sources of conflict actors and fact-checking, and (5) incorporation of virtual training and digital skills into journalism curricula. By addressing these aspects of media digitalization, peace journalism outlets can receive acclaim within modern journalistic circles while also attracting wider audience support.

Tractors are manufactured without air-conditioned cabins in Pakistan. This leads to thermal discomfort for tractor operators working under direct solar exposure. Therefore, this study aimed to design and install an air-conditioned cabin on a tractor. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the installed cabin performance under two scenarios i.e., conventional (S–I) and enhanced (S-II) air distribution. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to analyze airflow and calculate thermal comfort indices. The results showed that the air-conditioned cabin attained optimum thermal conditions under the enhanced air distribution scenario (S-II). In this scenario, the inside cabin temperature was an average of 27.4 °C, compared with 30.4 °C in S–I. The relative humidity remained similar in both scenarios, around 53 %. The temperature difference between the cabin and the ambient environment was 11.09 °C in S-II, aligning with the thermal comfort conditions outlined in ISO 14269–2. Furthermore, the CFD simulations showed a predicted mean vote (PMV) index of 0.61 and the percentage people dissatisfied (PPD) index of 26.5 %. These results also confirm the provision of optimum thermal conditions for operator inside the cabin. The simulations also demonstrated good agreement with experimental data, with a small difference in air temperature (2 °C) and relative humidity (5.8 %). In the light of these findings, this study recommends installation of air-conditioned cabin on tractors with enhanced air distribution (S-II) in Pakistan to improve thermal comfort of operators.

This scientific study investigates to check the dynamical behavior of yellow virus in red chilli with fractional order techniques. While attempts are being made to stop the yellow virus pandemic, a more infectious yellow virus found in red chilli is developing in many locations. It is crucial to learn how to create strategies that will stop the yellow virus’s spread to mimic the propagation of the yellow virus in red chilli plants while maintaining a specific degree of immunity. As a case study, we looked at the possibility of an outbreak in red chilli plants. Recently, novel fractal-fractional operators proposed by Atangana have been widely used to observe the unanticipated elements of a problem. Currently, the illness caused by the yellow virus in red chilli is common and difficult to treat. The inventive operators have been implemented in this structure to observe the influence of vaccination on the yellow virus in the red chilli model using a variety of values for υ1 and υ2 which are utilized to represent the impact of vaccination. The number of reproductions will determine whether the system is clear of sickness. Using the fractal-fraction Mittag–Leffler operator, we examined the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the yellow virus in the red chilli model. The results of the fixed point theory are used to apply an improved method for the fractional order model of the yellow virus. Nonlinear analysis was used to assess the stability of the Ulam-Hyres. Numerical simulations are demonstrated to prove the efficiency of the proposed method. The tools employed in this model appear to be quite potent and capable of simulating the expected theoretical conditions in the issue.

This article is related to analysing the consequences of joule heating and thermal (hot) radiation on the limit layer stream of a non-Newtonian liquid (Powell-Eyring fluid) while electro transversal magnetic field is present and Cattaneo Christov double diffusion via a convectively heated Riga Plate. The effects of the coefficient of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on joule heating are included in this mathematical model. In this paper, we introduced a new condition namely zero mass flux. A rectangular coordinates system is being employed for the flow equations to get the momentum, energy equations and concentration equations mathematically. By employing a similarity transformation, established (partial differential equations) PDE is reduced into an ordinary differential equations ODE. This method is integrated with the Runge-Kutta RK technique to solve this nonlinear ODE numerologically. With Graph, we show different parameters of velocity and temperature etc. Skin friction, with the help of a graph we can also inspect the Nusselt number and Sherwood number in detail. While studying we noticed that the increase of Hartmann number and fluid parameter is caused to increases in fluid velocity and thickness of the boundary layer. Prandtl number values are increases while decreasing in temperature of flowing fluid and concentration distribution of flowing fluid. This exploration motivates the previous research, and for further study, it gives a platform to analyse on flow past of nanofluid over a Riga plate.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of returns and risks of Sharia stock investment in JII during the Covid-19 pandemic period. This type of research is quantitative using an observational descriptive research design. This research was conducted in January 2019 – December 2021. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling, from 30 populations that meet the sample criteria of 16 companies. The results of this study concluded that JII's risk and stock returns for 2019-2021 experienced dynamic fluctuations. In 2019-2021, stock returns can be said to be unstable or even tend to decline, this is evidenced by the trendline that is pointing downwards, while for risks in the pandemic year, fluctuations tend to be more stable than returns.

Consumer demand for higher-quality fruit juices has resulted in the development of non-thermal processing to extend the shelf life of fruit juices. Ozonation is a novel technique, involving the production of volatile oxygen atoms capable of destroying an extensive range of microorganisms and lengthening the shelf stability of fruit juices. The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of ozonation on the physicochemical, bioactive components, and microbial properties of kinnow juice. Kinnow juice was exposed to ozone gas with fixed concentration 150 mg/h for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Then, kinnow juice was filled in a plastic bottle and kept at 4 ± 2°C for 3 months. The mentioned parameters were examined after 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days. It was found that ozonation had shown a significant influence on nutritional characteristics of kinnow juice as it increased (p ≤ .05) the acidity, total soluble content, total phenolics content, flavonoids content, and antioxidant potential of kinnow juice and diminished the microbial activity, increasing ozone time from 5 to 15 minutes. OZ-15 (15 minutes of ozonation) showed the maximum value of total soluble content (14.70 ± 0.10 °Brix), titrable acidity (0.179 ± 0.10%), total flavonoid content (244.44 ± 3.70 mg equivalent of catechin/100 mL), and total antioxidant activity (305.95 ± 2.70 µg/g equivalent of ascorbic acid of juice), but it presented the least total mold counts (1.49 ± 0.02 colony forming unit/mL) and plate counts (1.53 ± 0.03 colony forming unit/mL). It was suggested that the ozonation could be used as an alternative to the traditional pasteurization and chemical preservatives on kinnow juice to retain quality characteristics.

Objective: Occupational accidents and diseases in Indonesia are still a scourge because they not only cause minor and serious accidents, but often result in fatalities. The same occupational accidents and diseases’ would seem to be happening in the coal mining business sector. According to the Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Indonesia, 234,370 cases of work accidents and work-related illnesses occurred in 2021, of which the mining sector contributed 6,565 cases. Collaboration between companies, workers and local governments in the management of work accident reporting needs special attention so that similar incidents do not occur in the future. Material and Methods: This literature review supports the researchers hypothesis or belief in disclosing that there is an increasingly open space for collaboration between companies, workers and local governments in accident reporting management to reduce accidents. The literature review search term used is work accident reporting sourced from Google Scholar, National Library of Indonesia, PubMed, and other sources in the 2017-2022 period. Results: This literature review found a number of facts that companies have an obligation as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia No. 03 of 1998 concerning Accident Reporting and Investigation Procedures to report every work accident and work-related illness that occurs both periodically and specifically to the competent authority. Likewise, workers have the responsibility to report any accidents and potential hazards found in the workplace to the occupational safety and health officer. The Regional Government is no exception, which is a regulator and at the same time supervises companies in carrying out their business activities. Conclusion: To reduce workplace accidents requires diligent and constructive cooperation between the business managers, the workers, and the government regulators to support a zero-accident work environment.

Abstract Solar evaporation is a facile and promising technology to efficiently utilize renewable energy for freshwater production and seawater desalination. Here, the fabrication of self‐regenerating hydrogel composed of 2D‐MXenes nanosheets embedded in perovskite La 0.6Sr 0.4Co 0.2Fe 0.8O3−δ (LSCF)/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for efficient solar‐driven evaporation and seawater desalination is reported. The mixed dimensional LSCF/Ti3C2 composite features a localized surface plasmonic resonance effect in the polymeric network of polyvinyl alcohol endows excellent evaporation rates (1.98 kg m−2 h−1) under 1 k Wm−2 or one sun solar irradiation ascribed by hydrophilicity and broadband solar absorption (96%). Furthermore, the long‐term performance reveals smooth mass change (13.33 kg m−2) during 8 h under one sun. The composite hydrogel prompts the dilution of concentrated brines and redissolves it back to water (1.2 g NaCl/270 min) without impeding the evaporation rate without any salt‐accumulation. The present research offers a substantial opportunity for solar‐driven evaporation without any salt accumulation in real‐life applications.

Organic phase change materials are extensively researched for passive cooling of electronic components due to the high heat of fusion, however, owing to the issue of thermal conductivity, it is difficult to improve the thermal performance of electronic components. However, the effective thermal performance of modern electronic devices is becoming popular due to thermal constraints of the circuit's non-uniform temperature distribution and high heating power generation. Thus, nanomaterials incorporated into phase change materials (PCMs) to improve thermal conductivity, which aids in heat removal and sustains significant heat sink operational performance for extended periods of time. In current research work, at heating powers of (10–30 W), the thermal performance outcome of three heat sink -configurations such as unfinned heat sink, circular pin-finned heat sink and metallic foam integrated heat sink were investigated with several alumina nanomaterials mass concentrations (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 wt%) incorporated in phase change materials (for example RT-70HC). All three heat sinks revealed lower base temperature with the addition of alumina NePCM (αRT-70HC) phase change materials in their internal cavity compared to the empty unfinned heat sink. The findings showed good performance of metallic foam integrated heat sink in lowering the temperature & increasing safe functional time at two distinct temperatures. The largest decrease in temperature was found to be 35.76% and the largest growth in maximum functional time was 400% for metallic foam integrated heat sink. Therefore, using alumina nanomaterials in phase change material is recommended to optimize the thermal performance of the passive cooling techniques.

As a learning topic in programming, sorting numbers can be visualized as a puzzle game to increase the engagement of learners in learning the logic of programming through a game. In programming, there are several ways in solving a problem that can be represented by several choices to play a game. In this paper, a sorting game as a puzzle game is chosen in the form of a grid with four rows to four columns. There are four ways to play sorting sixteen arbitrary numbers by exchanging a pair of numbers chosen through the swap as a game feature. The number of steps of each choice can be compared, to which one is the most efficient. So as a game-based learning, sorting numbers as a puzzle game can be used to enhance the engagement of learners to learn introductory programming.

Vegetable production plays a vital role in ensuring food security in Bangladesh. However, the majority of vegetable seedlings are currently transplanted manually, which is not only time-consuming but also labor-intensive and costly. In this context, a semi-automated transplanter can be considered as an alternative solution for mechanized seedling transplanting. To mechanize seedling operations, two types of transplanters were designed, fabricated and tested: the power tiller-operated semi-automatic dibbler vegetable seedling (DVS) transplanter and the furrow opener vegetable seedling (FVS) transplanter. The goal was to evaluate their performance and impact on field crop productivity. In the DVS transplanter design, the larger sprocket was adjusted to enhance the precision of hole-making by pressing the dibbler into the soil, creating holes where seedlings would be transplanted. On the other hand, the FVS transplanter utilized a furrow opener to create furrows, and the seedling is placed in these furrow at a specific distance from the furrow opener wall, where the distance between seedlings within the furrow could be adjusted based on the specific requirements of the seedling crop. The results of the evaluation indicated that both transplanters successfully planted seedlings without any missing placements, while hole covering was achieved at 115 and 118.2% for the DVS and FVS transplanters, respectively. The field capacity and field efficiency for both transplanters were determined to be 0.05 ha h−1 and 61.18%, respectively, with a coefficient of variation of 5% or less. Field tests conducted with brinjal crops at a forward speed of 1.2 km h−1 and a spacing of 0.7 × 0.6 m demonstrated that both designs yielded higher yield productivity compared to manual transplantation. Additionally, no issues related to vegetative development were observed. Both transplanters exhibited promising performance and significant potential in terms of accurately transplanting seedlings, and ensuring satisfactory transplantation quality. Furthermore, these transplanters offer several advantages, including less time-consuming, lower labor demands and even distribution of seedlings. This design encourages small to medium-level farmers seeking to engage in mechanized vegetable farming practices.

The hazard of global warming is principally caused by a rise in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). One of the main carbon dioxide sinks is forests. In this study, we examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide can be controlled as a result of genetically modified planting trees. We create a system of fractional differential equations that represents a time-fractional order model. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed for the fractional order system. positiveness and boundedness of solutions of the fractional order model are verified. Fixed point theory is used to derive the uniqueness and existence of the fractional order model. Examination of Ulam–Hyers stability as well as the iterative scheme is performed by using fixed point theory. To study the effect of the fractional operator, which demonstrates the dynamical behavior of the model, solutions are generated. To demonstrate how important parameters affect the dynamics of the forest cover and atmospheric CO2 gas, numerical simulations have been created. Fractional order memory effect is examined will assist in creating conditions depending on the model’s parameters.

Buildings consume a significant 40% of global energy, where, reducing the building energy consumption to a minimum, virtually zero, has become a thriving research area. Accordingly, this research aimed to determine and portray the huge potential of energy conservation in existing structures by making a retrofit at relatively low costs in finance strained economies. A walk-through of the survey of energy consuming appliances determined the energy consumption based on the power rating; the appliances were then virtually replaced and the reduced energy consumption was determined in terms of the cooling loads. Modelling these intervention using the hourly analysis program (HAP) showed significantly positive results. The pre- and post-retrofit model analysis of an institutional building in Pakistan exhibited significant potential for reducing the cooling load of 767 kW (218 TON) to 408 kW (116 TON) with an investment payback period of 2.5 years. The additional benefit is the reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which reduce the overall energy requirements. The study continues with the design of a solar energy source using the system advisor model (SAM) for the reduced energy demand of a retrofitted building. It is then concluded that using the available area, a solar energy source with a capital payback period of 5.7 years would bring an institutional building within its own energy footprint making it a net-zero building, since it will not be consuming energy from any other source outside of its own covered area. The study has the limitation to exposure and climate related conditions. In addition, the decline in heating and cooling loads represents model values which may vary when calculated after an actual retrofit for the same structure due to any site related issues.

This research is centered on optimizing the mechanical properties of additively manufactured (AM) lattice structures via strain optimization by controlling different design and process parameters such as stress, unit cell size, total height, width, and relative density. In this regard, numerous topologies, including sea urchin (open cell) structure, honeycomb, and Kelvin structures simple, round, and crossbar (2 × 2), were considered that were fabricated using different materials such as plastics (PLA, PA12), metal (316L stainless steel), and polymer (thiol-ene) via numerous AM technologies, including stereolithography (SLA), multijet fusion (MJF), fused deposition modeling (FDM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), and selective laser melting (SLM). The developed deep-learning-driven genetic metaheuristic algorithm was able to achieve a particular strain value for a considered topology of the lattice structure by controlling the considered input parameters. For instance, in order to achieve a strain value of 2.8 × 10−6 mm/mm for the sea urchin structure, the developed model suggests the optimal stress (11.9 MPa), unit cell size (11.4 mm), total height (42.5 mm), breadth (8.7 mm), width (17.29 mm), and relative density (6.67%). Similarly, these parameters were controlled to optimize the strain for other investigated lattice structures. This framework can be helpful in designing various AM lattice structures of desired mechanical qualities.

Developing a sustainable environment requires addressing primitive water scarcity and water contamination. Antibiotics such as oxytetracycline (OTC) may accumulate in the environment and in the human body, increasing the risks to the ecosystem. The treatment of polluted water and the production of potable water can be achieved in a variety of ways, including photodegradation, solar distillation, and filtration. Freshwater supplies can be increased by implementing energy-efficient technologies for the production of clean water. Solar water evaporation combined with photocatalytic degradation and sterilization offers a promising avenue for integration into the clean water and energy production fields. The present study reports the synthesis of a 3D solar steam generator comprised of BiVO4 and carbon nanotubes (CNT) nanocomposite decorated over a cigarette filter as the light-to-heat conversion layer for solar steam generation. The BiVO4@CNT-based 3D solar evaporator over the hydrophilic cellulosic fibers of the cigarette filter endowed excellent evaporation rates (2.36 kg m−2 h−1) under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation, owing to its superior hydrophilicity and broadband solar absorption (96%) equipped with localized heating at microscale thermal confinement optimized by the minimum thermal conductivity of the overall system. Furthermore, the BiVO4@CNT composite exhibited a heightened photo activity up to 83% of the photodegradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic due to the inhibition of charge recombination from the industrial effluents. This approach transforms the water-energy nexus into a synergistic bond that offers opportunities to meet expected demand, rather than being competitive.

Interfacial solar‐driven water evaporation has shown promising prospects in desalination technology. However, the lower photothermal conversion efficiency caused by the intermittent nature of sunlight and salt accumulation remains a significant challenge for continuous desalination. Herein, the hierarchical design of interfacial solar evaporation is reported, which realizes enhanced photothermal conversion, waste heat storage/release, and effective thermal management for continuous desalination. The solar evaporator is composed of worm‐like SrCoO3 perovskite oxide anchored on super hydrophilic polyurethane (PU) foam succeeded by in situ polymerization of conducting polypyrrole (SrCoO3@PPy). The energy storage system is introduced within polyurethane matrix by a paraffin block followed by a tongue‐and‐groove structure for convective water transportation, and a heat recovery unit largely reduces heat losses. The solar evaporator possesses excellent evaporation rates (2.13 kg m−2 h−1) along with 93% solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency under 1 kw m−2 solar irradiation owing to its minimum equivalent evaporation enthalpy and (0.85 kg m−2 h−1) under intermittent solar irradiation as compared to conventional solar evaporators. More importantly, state‐of‐the‐art experimental investigations validate waste heat recovery/release and the salt‐resistant capability of solar evaporators optimized by computational fluid dynamic simulation. This study breaks conventional solar interfacial evaporation's limitations and demonstrates stable desalination under intermittent sunlight.

Hydroponic fodder production in controlled environment (CE) settings have gained more focus in recent years due to the shortage of agricultural land for food production and the adverse effect of climate changes. However, the operation costs and dry matter issues are the major concerns for the sustainability of fodder production in the CE. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on techniques and control strategies for indoor environments and watering that are currently used and could be adopted in the future to achieve the economic and environmental sustainability of controlled environment fodder production (CEFP). The literature indicates fodder production in the modular system is becoming popular in developed countries, and low-tech systems like greenhouse are more prevalent in developing countries. The optimum temperature and RH range between 16-27°C and 70-80% to get efficient biomass yield; however, minimal research has been conducted to optimize the indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) for efficient and higher efficiency fodder production. Besides, the water-saving techniques and optimal lighting spectrum need to be studied extensively. Automating and monitoring in CEFP system could reduce operating costs and improve quality and yield. Overall, this industry might have great potential for livestock production. Still, more strong research needs to be conducted to answer nutritional concerns and reduce the capital and operating costs for CEFP.

Estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key element in water resources management and crop water requirement which, in turn, affects irrigation scheduling. ETo is subject to the influence of various climatic parameters including minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), relative humidity (RH), windspeed (WS), and sunshine hours (SH). Usually, the influence of the climatic parameters and a dominating climatic factor influencing ETo is estimated on yearly basis. However, in diverse climatic regions, ETo varies with the varying climate. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the spatiotemporal variation in the influence of the climatic parameters on ETo in Punjab, Pakistan, for the period 1950–2021, specifically focusing on decennial, annual, and monthly patterns. The study area was divided into five agroclimatic zones. The Penman–Monteith model was used to estimate ETo. The influence was assessed using geographic weighted regression (GWR) and multiscale geographic weighted regression (MGWR) as the primary methods. As per results from MGWR, ETo in Punjab was highly influenced by the Tmin, Tmax, and WS. Additionally, annual ETo exhibited a higher value in southern Punjab in comparison to northern Punjab, with a range of 2975 mm/year in the cotton–wheat zone to 1596 mm/year in the rain-fed zone. Over the course of the past seventy years, Punjab experienced an average increasing slope of 5.18 mm/year in ETo. Tmin was the highest monthly dominant factor throughout the year, whereas WS and SH were recorded to be the dominant factor in the winters, specifically. All in all, accurate estimation of ETo, which serves as an essential component for crop water requirement, could potentially help improve the irrigation scheduling of crops in the agroclimatic zones.

Introduction: The numbers of COVID-19 sufferers in various countries are continuing to increase, including in Indonesia. COVID-19 has a wide impact, including on the online transportation service sector. Since 2015 in Samarinda City, there has been an online transportation service, namely Gojek Indonesia, which provides services to customers in the form of shuttle passengers, food delivery, and other necessities, including goods delivery services. The online transportation driver group is one of the groups at high risk of transmitting COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to obtain information about COVID-19 prevention behavior including driver's knowledge of COVID-19, perceptions, and customer service on online transportation drivers in Samarinda. Methods: This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The informants in this study were selected as many as 5 people. The Gojek at Cendana Street was chosen because it is the main entrance and exit route of tourists in Samarinda. The data technique was an interview and used qualitative data analysis. Results: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. Drivers considered that COVID-19 is a dangerous disease, frightening, and causes excessive panic in the community because of its rapid spread and risks to all groups of people, including online transportation drivers. Serving customers remains a priority even though they understand the risk of contracting COVID-19. Efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 carried out by Gojek drivers including using masks, washing hands with flowing water and soap, or hand sanitizer, also cleaning helmets or replacing them with spare helmets. Conclusion: The transmission of COVID-19 can be prevented by behaving cleanly and healthy also prioritize the prevention of transmission of COVID-19, such as wearing masks while doing activities, keeping passenger helmets clean, and washing hands after serving customers.

Abstract Three‐dimensional bioactive, antioxidant, and porous nanocomposite scaffolds are inevitable to avoid dependency and disability in the life cycle. Herein, we develop a facile fabrication protocol of nano porous zinc doped hydroxyapatite (Zn‐HAp) scaffold enhanced by polysaccharide polymeric structure for bone tissue engineering applications. The bioactive nano scaffold exhibit opens porous assembly that sustains its flexible and robust nature and promotes efficient linking capability. Moreover, nano scaffold geometry and its porosity were controlled efficiently in various concentrations of zinc doped hydroxyapatite (Zn‐HAp) nanoparticles. Indeed, the composite scaffolds are retained in a dry shape with a suitable load‐bearing strength adjacent to the cancellous bone. The presence of zinc doped hydroxyapatite in the polymeric matrix of nano scaffold regulates its antibacterial response against different bacterial strains owing to its oxidative stress nature. The antioxidant and biocompatibility of nano‐scaffolds were investigated by DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) scavenging behavior, the scavenging activity of ABTS (2,2‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐ 6‐sulphonic acid) radical, and iron‐chelating potential. The observed results reveal that polysaccharide‐dependent porous geometry possesses adequate biocompatibility, radical scavenging behavior, and excellent antibacterial properties that validate it as a suitable candidate material for bone tissue implantation. The unprecedented radical scavenging and antioxidant bioactive nanocomposite scaffold are all set to reshape the future bone tissue implantation.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a broad impact on all sectors of life in Indonesia, including the economic sector. Not a few business sectors are experiencing losses and even bankruptcy. Therefore, business actors must be able to implement and develop certain strategies in order to survive and gain profits both in the midst of the pandemic storm and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to obtain information about the strategies of Herbal and Herbal Medicine business players in Sehat Basamo in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative design with a case study approach. Research informants are sellers of herbs and herbal medicine Sehat Basamo as many as 4 people who were selected by purposive sampling. In addition, 4 informants were selected who are loyal customers at the Sehat Basamo outlet. The research was carried out in March-April 2021 at four locations of Sehat Basamo outlets in Samarinda City. The data and information obtained were then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study obtained information that all Healthy Basamo herbal and herbal outlets and customers who visited Sehat Basamo outlets complied with the Covid-19 health protocol according to the government's appeal in controlling the spread of the Covid-19 rate. In addition to complying with health protocols, the Herbal and herbal medicine business of Sehat Basamo has also been proven to be able to survive in the midst of a pandemic and even continue to benefit from the sales of its products. The success of the owner of the Healthy Basamo herbal and herbal outlet in maintaining business continuity and still making profits in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic by implementing a strategy that is consistent attitude in product presentation, not increasing product prices, friendliness and courtesy of sellers and ensuring the availability of product supply. Sales of herbal and herbal products from Sehat Basamo are carried out face-to-face with buyers and the financial accounting management is still manual. Therefore, sellers of Herbal and Jamu Sehat Basamo can take advantage of currently available technology and information both to increase product sales results and in managing digital-based business financial accounting (digital accounting) which is available in various application software.

The utilization of biomass for cooking and heating is old, occurring from the early stages of human evolution because of its wide and easy availability. In Asia, a majority of the population is dependent on solid biomass for cooking and heating applications. Biomass cookstove produces emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) which are dependent on the classifications and characteristics of fuel used in stoves. These emissions trigger many health risks because of the utilization of traditional cookstoves (TCS) which have less thermal efficiency. The literature contains a considerable amount of information on biomass cookstoves; however, it is dispersed particularly in Asian countries. In this principle, this paper gives an overview of available literature on biomass cookstoves for cooking and heating in Asian countries which are involving Bangladesh, China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Laos. This paper covers a detailed discussion on various aspects of biomass cookstoves: history, classification, fuel characteristics, health risks, design criteria, the scenario in selected Asian countries, thermal efficiency and emission comparison, and barriers to dissemination of improved biomass cookstoves (ICS). Learning from the review and comparison made conclude that the ICS has better thermal efficiency, and lesser emissions, as well as health risks but, have some potential barriers to dissemination.

In this paper, we adequately describe the generalised petersen graph, expanding to the categories of graphs. We created a petersen graph, which is cyclic and has vertices that are arranged in the centre and nine gons plus one vertex, leading to the factorization of regular graphs. Petersen graph is still shown in graph theory literature, nevertheless.

Solar-driven evaporation technology is often used in areas with limited access to clean water, as it provides a low-cost and sustainable method of water purification. Avoiding salt accumulation is still a substantial challenge for continuous desalination. Here, an efficient solar-driven water harvester that consists of strontium-cobaltite-based perovskite (SrCoO3) anchored on nickel foam (SrCoO3@NF) is reported. Synced waterways and thermal insulation are provided by a superhydrophilic polyurethane substrate combined with a photothermal layer. The structural photothermal properties of SrCoO3 perovskite have been extensively investigated through state-of-the-art experimental investigations. Multiple incident rays are induced inside the diffuse surface, permitting wideband solar absorption (91%) and heat localization (42.01 °C @ 1 sun). Under 1 kW m−2 solar intensity, the integrated SrCoO3@NF solar evaporator has an outstanding evaporation rate (1.45 kg/m2 h) and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency (86.45% excluding heat losses). In addition, long-term evaporation measurements demonstrate small variance under sea water, illustrating the system’s working capacity for salt rejection (1.3 g NaCl/210 min), which is excellent for an efficient solar-driven evaporation application compared to other carbon-based solar evaporators. According to the findings of this research, this system offers significant potential for producing fresh water devoid of salt accumulation for use in industrial applications.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is used as a primary medication in relieving moderate pain and fever. However, APAP is associated with toxic effects in renal tissue that appear because of its free radicals property. The principle goal of the present work is to assess the kidney damage by APAP and its restore antioxidative property of cinnamon oil (CO). Animals were distributed into six animals each in six groups. Rats were administered with three varying doses of CO from 50 to 200 mg/kg b.w. respectively and only a single dose of APAP. APAP induced an alteration in serum biochemical markers, imbalance in oxidative parameters, morphological changes in kidney tissue along with increased interleukins cytokines (IL-1β & 6) and caspase (3, 9) levels. CO administration significantly ameliorates all the parameters and histopathological changes were restored. Moreover, it also restored the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Our work proved that an variance of oxidative markers in the kidney by APAP is ameliorated by CO in rats. Thus, CO could be used in reducing APAP-induced nephrotoxicity.

Adsorption heat pumps (AHPs) have gained noticeable attention in recent years. The review discusses significant research in the domain of adsorption heat pumps focusing on heating applications, the working principle, adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, the design of adsorbent beds, physical models, operating parameters, and physical and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorbents. A comparison is presented among AHPs and traditional heating technologies and systems for AHPs that certain market participants have created. The review focuses on the most appropriate conditions for each measurement technique and the constraints of the modeling processes that are an essential element for the comprehensive performance evaluation of adsorption cooling units. For adsorption bed applications, it is suggested to use various bed designs and heat exchanger structures. Moreover, significant literature gaps and constraints in designing AHPs for heating applications are identified and analyzed. The heat and mass transfer resistance should be reduced by developing novel adsorbent materials and an improved interface among the duct wall and the bed, where heat transfer fluid circulates to increase adsorption heat pump system performance. Furthermore, optimum operational modes for the intended application might significantly enhance system performance.