1. The Effect of Jackfruit Skin Powder and Fiber Bleaching Treatment in PLA Composites with Incorporation of Thymol
- Author
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Siti Hasnah Kamarudin, Siti Hajar Othman, Ching Hao Lee, Muhammad Najib Ahmad Marzuki, Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal, Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri, and Abdan Khalina
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Filler (packaging) ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,bleaching treatment ,Composite number ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Bioplastic ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Polylactic acid ,010608 biotechnology ,Ultimate tensile strength ,characterization ,Fiber ,Composite material ,polylactic acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,antimicrobial activity ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Food packaging ,chemistry ,jackfruit skin powder fibre ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Food packaging has seen a growth in the use of materials derived from renewable resources such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). However, the initial costs to produce bioplastics are typically high. Tropical fruit waste as naturally sourced fibres, such as jackfruit skin, can be used as a cost-reducing filler for PLA. The main objective in this study is to fabricate a low-cost natural fibre-reinforced polymer that potentially applies in packaging with the aid of bleaching treatment. The treatment shows a rougher surface fibre in Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs and it is expected to have better mechanical locking with the matrix, and this is found similar with a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Unfortunately, fibre insertion does find low tensile performances, yet bleached-fibre composites improved its performance significantly. A similar situation was found in the thermal characterization where a low-thermal stability natural fibre composite has lower thermal behaviour and this increased with bleaching treatment. Besides, bleached-fibre composites have a longer service period. Besides, a 15 wt% thymol insertion inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria in the composites and the non-treated fibre composite has better thymol effects. The 30 wt% of the bleached-fibre insertion composite has a high potential to reduce the cost of bioplastic products with minimum alterations of overall performances.
- Published
- 2020
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