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Abstract The enormous potential of nanotechnology has drawn attention to many different fields. Using nanoparticles, bio-convection has become a key phenomenon in industrial and technical applications. Nanofluids have emerged as effective solutions for addressing complex heat transfer challenges in modern engineering. This study aims to develop a comprehensive three-dimensional model of Sutterby nanofluid flow with bio-convection, investigating the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation, gyrotactic microorganisms, and magnetic fields on thermal efficiency and entropy generation. By investigating entropy optimization, chemical processes, activation energy, viscous dissipation, and magnetic field effects, the research aims to improve Sutterby nanofluid efficiency. This model reveals the dynamics of Sutterby nanofluid behavior by using partial differential equations (PDEs) and successively converted into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system. The converted equations are solved numerically using numerical technique bvp4c. The results of analyses show relationships between the concentration of nanofluid, Biot numbers, and microorganism profiles. The results indicate that while an increase in Biot number improves microorganism profiles, an increase in Lewis and Peclet numbers decreases nanofluid concentration. Critical elements that greatly affect mass distribution, heat transmission, and flow dynamics include magnetic fields, chemical processes, and activation energy. With the help of tables, the effects of physical parameters on skin friction, Nusselt numbers, and local Sherwood numbers are thoroughly investigated.

This study examines the association between chief executive officer (CEO) ability and the gap between internal and external corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. We find that a firm’s CSR disclosure gap decreases when its CEO's ability increases. We also find that this negative association is strengthened when a CEO has political connections and when a CEO is internally promoted (inside CEO). Our results are robust after controlling for firm fixed effect and addressing endogeneity concerns. Overall our findings are consistent with our argument that more able CEOs significantly reduce the CSR disclosure gap and maintain the positive relationship between internal and external stakeholders. These results carry substantial implications for both theory and practice. From a practical standpoint, our findings emphasize the pivotal role of capable CEOs in orchestrating consistent CSR narratives that resonate internally and externally. This study offers valuable insights for corporate leaders striving to enhance their firms' CSR transparency and maintain favourable stakeholder relationships.

Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) play a pivotal role in cell cycle and cancer development. Targeting CDK4/6 has demonstrated promising effects against breast cancer. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), such as palbociclib, remains a substantial challenge in clinical settings. Using high-throughput combinatorial drug screening and genomic sequencing, we find that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is activated via O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells and tumors. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation of MITF at Serine 49 enhances its interaction with importin α/β, thus promoting its translocation to nuclei, where it suppresses palbociclib-induced senescence. Inhibition of MITF or its O-GlcNAcylation re-sensitizes resistant cells to palbociclib. Moreover, clinical studies confirm the activation of MITF in tumors from patients who are palbociclib-resistant or undergoing palbociclib treatment. Collectively, our studies shed light on the mechanism regulating palbociclib resistance and present clinical evidence for developing therapeutic approaches to treat CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer patients.

Adaptive seating orthosis (ASO) for Cerebral Palsy (CP) patients in Malaysia mostly are imported, highly expensive for the bottom millions, bulky and complicated design structure, and not accommodating users’ preferences. Through a study involving 10 CP patients with their parents/guardians in Malaysia, the goal of this paper is to re-assess the design needs of CP’s orthotic in ASO design. The purpose of the study is to identify the difficulties, as well as the ergonomic and functional problems, in caring for CP patients with the current ASO. The result of the study revealed several of the problems that parents/guardians face while taking care of the CP patient, mainly caused by technical flaws in the current ASO design. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed to solve the addressed problems. The contribution of this study will help as a preference for the improvement and development of ASO design.

In this review, different extraction techniques of bioactive protein gluten from wheat and their association in the pathogenesis of celiac disease have been updated. Wheat gluten is an important constituent of whole-grain wheat. It comprises two subunits named as alpha-subunit and beta-subunit. Due to its importance in nutritional and pharmaceutical biochemistry, it gains much attention in molecular biology. This study compares different techniques used for isolation, purification, and identification of gluten protein from wheat. Different conventional approaches had been used to characterize gluten, but due to certain limitations and risk assessment, recent and advanced techniques have taken their place. Moreover, gluten seeks its intention as it may cause different allergic responses e.g., gluten intolerance and celiac disease in humans due to absence or low level of enzymes required for is proper digestion. Certain treatments based on different modification techniques cure these allergic reactions. These modifications include genetic modifications and generation of different immune responses in body to combat these diseases. Intestinal permeability and cytokine-based modifications in T-cells are essential to become resistant against gluten intolerance and celiac disease. However, vaccine development is on the way to treat patients suffering from these diseases. In conclusion, being a vital part of an important staple food, gluten characterization and disease treatment is a significant step. It will help in improving quality of wheat gluten and patients to fight against certain health disorders.

Abstract Craniosynostosis is characterized by the premature fusion and ossification of one or more of the sutures of the calvaria, often resulting in abnormal features of the face and the skull. In cases in which growth of the brain supersedes available space within the skull, developmental delay or cognitive impairment can occur. A complex interplay of different cell types and multiple signaling pathways are required for correct craniofacial development. In this study, we report on two siblings with craniosynostosis and a homozygous missense pathogenic variant within the IL11RA gene (c.919 T > C; p.W307R). The patients present with craniosynostosis, exophthalmos, delayed tooth eruption, mild platybasia, and a basilar invagination. The p.W307R variant is located within the arginine-tryptophan-zipper within the D3 domain of the IL-11R, a structural element known to be important for the stability of the cytokine receptor. Expression of IL-11R-W307R in cells shows impaired maturation of the IL-11R, no transport to the cell surface and intracellular retention. Accordingly, cells stably expressing IL-11R-W307R do not respond when stimulated with IL-11, arguing for a loss-of-function mutation. In summary, the IL-11R-W307R variant, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, is most likely the causative variant underlying craniosynostosis in these patients.

This research paper inspects the flow characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell nanofluid in the presence of a Darcy-Forchheimer (DF) model applied to a stretching sheet. Additionally, numerical analysis is performed to evaluate the findings, utilizing a nanofluid composed of copper (Cu) suspended in water. The energy equation in this study incorporates thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model, and joule heating. The entropy generation is then determined based on the obtained solutions for temperature and velocity, in compliance with the flow constraints. By applying suitable similarity transformations, the conservative equations of energy and momentum are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To solve these equations, a bvp4c method implemented through Matlab software is employed. By taking into account pertinent characteristics like the relaxation Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, time parameter, radiation parameter, and others, one can analyse the normalized shear stress at the wall, temperature profile, and rate of heat flux. For practical purposes, the local Nusselt and number of skin frictions are determined for various modified values of the physical constraints. This provides vital insights about the system's behavior under various settings. The graphical results indicate that the velocity profile exhibits a decrease as the volume fraction, magnetic parameter, Maxwell fluid parameter, and inertia coefficient parameter increase. The entropy generation demonstrates an increase with growing values of the Brinkman number and magnetic parameter. On the other hand, entropy generation declines with increasing values of the temperature ratio parameter. The Bejan number exhibits the opposite behavior of the entropy generation. Specifically, as the Bejan number increases, the entropy generation decreases, and vice versa.

Due to a substantial impact of hazardous materials in toy design, numerous toy companies have opted for an eco-friendly toy by promoting a legacy of innovation rather than waste and degradation. Furthermore, one of the most significant polymers for being recognised as a safe toy material is Polycaprolactone (PCL). However, in Malaysia, the study of Malaysian parent’s level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys, their behaviour in purchasing and managing toys at home, as well as the preferences of play type for their children, is not widely discussed. Thus, forty (40) Malaysian parents have participated in an online survey conducted by the research team. The result of the study found that most Malaysian parents has a low level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys for their children, lack the skills needed in handling broken or unused toys, and have selected criteria to be considered when purchasing a toy. Furthermore, a set of semiworking toy design was successfully developed using PCL as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of this study will contribute to inspire future toy designers to account for Malaysian parent’s preferences when developing eco-friendly toys.

Adolescent mental health issues are on the rise, with rates rising from one in ten in 2011 to one in five in 2016. This issue was predicted to be one of the top causes of global disability by 2020. Hence, with the aim to develop a therapeutic toy for self-managed depression, this paper intends to elucidate the product design process based on the criteria of therapies practiced by patients to manage mild and moderate depression. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a clinical psychologist, three licensed counsellors, and six young depressive disorder patients as a methodology for gathering empirical data, which was then followed by the design process. The result of the interview indicates a multitude of design needs in self-managed depression. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed and a set of the non-working models of the therapeutic toys was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of the study exhibits the synchronization of the design thinking process inside the ergonomics ergo system framework in order to generate the design for the patient.

Scientists have become intrigued by the capacity of two solid components to dissolve in a conventional fluid to enhance the thermal efficiency of novel hybrid nanofluids. The Bejan number and entropy formation of three-dimensional hybrid Al2O3 − Cu/H2O nanoparticles flowing via a stretching/shrinking bidirectional exponential plate are investigated in this research while taking into account thermal radiation and the Hall Effect. In the heat equation, the Joule heating and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model are contemplated. Through using proper similarity transformations, equations involving momentum and heat transfer are simplified into ordinary differential equations. The Homotopy analysis approach is used to solve these equations using the computer software MATHEMATICA. By resolving the flow limitations on temperature and velocity, the entropy production is computed. Using graphical demonstration, the impact of various parameters such as suction/injection parameter, Brinkman number, magnetic parameter, stretching/shrinking parameter, temperature ratio parameter on flow, thermal relaxation parameter, temperature exponent parameter, Hall effect parameter, on velocity, temperature, entropy production, and Bejan number has been thoroughly discussed. The local Nusselt number and skin friction can also be identified for practical reasons for various approximations of physical parameters. The outcomes specify that the tangential velocity and redial velocity decrease for greater values of injection and suction parameters. The temperature profile falls for larger values of the suction parameter and rises for greater values of the thermal relaxation parameter and injection parameter. Entropy production develops when the magnetic parameter is improved. Bejan number was reduced in response to rising magnetic parameter values.

This study investigates the flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet using a Darcy-Forchheimer (DF) model. We employ numerical analysis with a copper (Cu) nanofluid suspended in water, considering Cattaneo–Christov heat flow, viscous dissipation, and joule heating. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved using the bvp4c method in Matlab and we examine the normalized shear stress, temperature profile, and heat flux rate. Our findings reveal insights for practical applications, showing how parameters such as the relaxation Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, Eckert number parameter, and radiation parameter impact system behaviour.

Abstract Lung cancer progression is often driven by metastasis, which has resulted in a considerable increase in lung cancer-related deaths. Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, serve key roles in cellular signal transmission via microenvironment, however, their biological relevance in cancer development and metastasis still needs to be clear. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from lung cancer bone metastatic patients exhibited a great capacity to promote the progression of lung cancer cells. We carried out a comprehensive meta-analysis to identify the gene expression profile of bone metastases using publicly available microarray datasets. Furthermore, mRNA expression of six identified genes was quantified by real time PCR in lung cancer with and without bone metastasis and healthy individual derived EVs. In addition, we utilized a very novel approach by to study how lung cancer cells uptake EVs by co-culturing EVs with lung cells. We observed that EVs obtained from bone metastases patients were efficiently ingested by lung cancer cells. Morevore, integration and uptake of these EVs lead to increased lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation. We discovered that EV uptake increase the expression of SPP1, CD44, and POSTN genes in lung cancer cells. The data obtained from this study, support to the possibility that circulating EVs play a significant role in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche, eventually leading to metastasis.

Food waste is a huge problem across the world, but it's especially bad in developed countries such as Malaysia, according to the previous study. It is estimated that 1.3 billion tonnes of food are lost or wasted every year, accounting for one-third of all food produced for human consumption. Hence, the goal of this study is to supplement the solution within the framework of product design process based on the evaluation of food waste behaviour among household in Malaysia. As an approach for acquiring empirical data, a survey study was conducted with 52 respondents in Malaysia, including an analysis of similar existing products on the market, which was then followed by the design process. The findings suggest a multitude of design needs in preventing food waste behaviour among household in Malaysia, including the issues of the existing similar products on the market. Therefore, a few design criteria have been proposed and a set of semi-working food tracking models was successfully developed as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of the study exhibits the synchronization of the product design process inside the smart-object dimensions in order to generate the design that helps to manage and reduce the amount of food waste created among household in Malaysia.

This paper is aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on the interface of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), Industry 4.0 and renewable energy. The aims of this review are to ascertain current state of the art in GSCM practices, to critically examine the role of industry 4.0 technologies in GSCM adoption, to examine sustainability and supply chain issues within the renewable energy sector, and to critically discuss tackling these issues using industry 4.0 driven GSCM. A total of 215 review and empirical papers from 2004 to 2023 gathered from three databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science) were reviewed. This research found several GSCM practices and succinctly categorized those based on their respective positions along any given value chain. The practices were categorized as related to: procurement and sourcing, product design, corporate relationship, organizational structure/strategy, logistics and transportation, waste and pollution management and manufacturing. We have found that the ten most mentioned GSCM practices are: Green purchasing, Eco-design, Cooperation with customers, Internal Environmental Management, Reverse logistics, Investment recovery, Green manufacturing, Green design, Collaboration with suppliers and Remanufacturing. Various Industry 4.0 technologies including blockchain, Internet of Things, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence were identified and their role in successful GSCM implementation is highlighted. Sustainability and supply chain related challenges within the renewable energy supply chain were found that include material sourcing and end-of-life management challenges. Finally, a perspective is given on the role of Industry 4.0 driven GSCM in tackling the renewable energy supply chain and sustainability challenges. This article concludes with a presentation of managerial implications and future research directions for managers within different sectors, especially the renewable energy industry.

In the present study, an efficient in vivo drug screening platform is established based on FRET technique. We transfected cancer cells with FRET-based caspase-3 (C3) sensor and validated the cell lines by detecting the change in FRET signal caused by the in vitro drug-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the C3 expressing cancer cells were then injected into zebrafish embryos and nude mice to establish the corresponding in vivo xenograft models. We found that cancer cell lines expressing C3 were effective in detecting cell death following drug treatment, including the detection of the tipping point of apoptosis. The drug-induced cell apoptosis was also observed in both zebrafish embryos and nude mice xenograft models. Overall, the FRET-based platform, through in vivo imaging, is potentially useful to improve drug screening efficiency.

Flow around circular cylinder has been extensively studied by researchers for several decades due to its wide range of engineering applications such as in heat exchangers, marine cables, high rise building, chimneys, and offshore structures. The lack of clear understanding of the unsteady flow dynamics in the wake of circular cylinder and high computational cost are still an area of high interest amongst the researchers. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of variation in spanwise length and grid resolution in the spanwise direction on the recirculation length, separation angle of wake flow by performing large eddy simulations (LES). This study is an extension to previous work by Khan, NB et al, 2019 in which the spanwise length is restricted to 4D only. In current study, the spanwise length is changed from 0.5D to 8D where D is diameter of cylinder and mesh resolution in the spanwise direction is changed from 1 to 80 elements in the present study. The recirculation length, separation angle and wake characteristics are analyzed in detail. It is concluded that after getting optimize spanwise length, mesh resolution in the spanwise direction is the only parameter contributing toward better result.

Objective: To compare perioperative use of tranexamic acid with placebo in patients with hip fractures in terms of frequency of deep venous thrombosis. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: CMH Orthopedics department Rawalpindi, from Apr 2017 to Oct 2017. Methodology: A total of 306 patients presenting with hip fracture, 50 to 90 years of age were included. Patients with Hip fractures presenting with sepsis, hypercoagulable state, pregnancy and breast feeding and contra-indication to tranexamic acid were excluded. The sample size was divided into two equal groups by lottery method, Tranexamic Acid (TXA) and Placebo. The patient was followed till 15th post op day for the purpose of study and at 15th post op day a Doppler ultrasound was performed on both lower limbs and presence or absence of deep venous thrombosis was recorded. Results: The mean age of patients in group A (tranexamic acid group) was 70.80 ± 11.13 years and in group B (placebo group) was 71.50 ± 11.30 years. Out of these 306 patients, 215 (70.26%) were male and 91 (29.74%) were females. Deep venous thrombosis was seen in 31 patients in group A (tranexamic acid group) and 14 patients in group B (placebo group) with p-value of 0.006. Conclusion: Frequency of deep venous thrombosis was observed more in patients receiving perioperative intravenous tranexamic acid as compared to control.

It is well documented that life expectancy in developed countries at birth is going to increase from the 20th century. However, regrettably, a potential decline in life expectancy has been proposed for these nations in the 21st century due to a rapid upsurge in the prevalence of fatal degenerative diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and diabetes. Collectively, these three diseases accounted for 65% of all deaths in urbanized societies and considered as a dynamic issue for shortening the genetically determined lifespan through increased mortalities, morbidities, disabilities, immense sufferings, and premature aging. These fatal degenerative diseases and premature aging are closely associated with oxidative stress produced by the free radicals in the body. In epidemiologic studies, flavonoid-rich foods (FRF) like fruits, vegetables, and beverages have been associated as protective agents against these diseases. These also have been observed for their geroprotective effects and help in preventing the premature aging and the deterioration of brain function, which is related to Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview of the FRF for their potential role against lifespan-shortening complications, i.e., CVD, cancer, and diabetes. We also had drawn the future perspective and dietary guidelines to reduce the fatal diseases burden in urban populations.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease caused by various Leishmania species. The discovery of new protozoa drugs makes it easier to treat the disease; but, conventional clinical issues like drug resistance, cumulative toxicity, and target selectivity are also getting attention. So, there is always a need for new therapeutics to treat Leishmaniasis. Here, we have reported 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivative as a new class of anti-leishmanial agents. Two derivatives, 3a (6,8-dinitro-2,2-disubstituted-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones) and 3b (2-(4-chloro-3-nitro-phenyl)-2-methyl-6,8-dinitro-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-one) were prepared that show promising in silico anti-leishmanial activities. Molecular docking was performed against the Leishmanial key proteins including Pyridoxal Kinase and Trypanothione Reductase. The stability of the ligand-protein complexes was further studied by 100 ns MD simulations and MM/PBSA calculations for both compounds. 3b has been shown to be a better anti-leishmanial candidate. In vitro studies also agree with the in-silico results where IC50 for 3a and 3b was 1.61 and 0.05 µg/mL, respectively.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of chorioamnionitis on neonatal outcome. Methods: This cross-section descriptive study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi from June 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2016. Neonates (infants < 28 days of age) with maternal risk factors indicative of chorioamnionitis (maternal febrile illness in last trimester, high WBC count in maternal blood, lower abdominal pain or tenderness, and foul-smelling discharge) were included in the study. The neonates with an inborn error of metabolism and congenital anomalies were excluded from this study. The neonates were further categorized by gestational age as a term (gestational age >37 weeks) and preterm (gestational age

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of serum procalcitonin levels (PCT) by taking blood culture as gold standard. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi over a period of six months from June 2017 to December 2017. A total of 141 babies were enrolled in the study that had evidence of neonatal sepsis. Non-probability consecutive sampling was the technique used in our study for sample collection. Later on, after completion of data of required sample, a data base was developed on SPSS for windows version 22.0 for data analysis. Mean, median and standard deviation were calculated for continuous while fre- quency along with percentages was drawn for qualitative variables. Pearson Chi-square test (c2) was applied on all qualitative variables by taking p-value

Claudins constitute the major component of tight junctions and regulate paracellular permeability of epithelia. Claudin-10 occurs in two major isoforms that form paracellular channels with ion selectivity. We report on two families segregating an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by generalized anhidrosis, severe heat intolerance and mild kidney failure. All affected individuals carry a rare homozygous missense mutation c.144C>G, p.(N48K) specific for the claudin-10b isoform. Immunostaining of sweat glands from patients suggested that the disease is associated with reduced levels of claudin-10b in the plasma membranes and in canaliculi of the secretory portion. Expression of claudin-10b N48K in a 3D cell model of sweat secretion indicated perturbed paracellular Na+ transport. Analysis of paracellular permeability revealed that claudin-10b N48K maintained cation over anion selectivity but with a reduced general ion conductance. Furthermore, freeze fracture electron microscopy showed that claudin-10b N48K was associated with impaired tight junction strand formation and altered cis-oligomer formation. These data suggest that claudin-10b N48K causes anhidrosis and our findings are consistent with a combined effect from perturbed TJ function and increased degradation of claudin-10b N48K in the sweat glands. Furthermore, affected individuals present with Mg2+ retention, secondary hyperparathyroidism and mild kidney failure that suggest a disturbed reabsorption of cations in the kidneys. These renal-derived features recapitulate several phenotypic aspects detected in mice with kidney specific loss of both claudin-10 isoforms. Our study adds to the spectrum of phenotypes caused by tight junction proteins and demonstrates a pivotal role for claudin-10b in maintaining paracellular Na+ permeability for sweat production and kidney function.

Aim: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of egg weight on hatchability, embryonic deaths and hatchling weight of three rural breeds (Fayoumi, Desi and crossbred (Rhode Island Red X Fayoumi) chickens. Materials and Methods: Three different egg weight groups classified into small: ( 45g) were used in the experiment. A complete randomized design was used for the experiment. Simultaneously quadratic type equation was used to determine the egg weight for optimum hatchability and hatchling weight. Results: Percentage hatchability of medium-sized eggs was higher (P < 0.05) than those in large sized eggs. Similarly, large–sized eggs had higher (P < 0.05) percentage hatchability than small sized eggs in all breeds. Hatchability percentage changed by ratio 0.4077 with one unit change in mean egg weight of Fayoumi. The hatchability changed by ratio 0.5488 with one unit change in egg weight of Desi. The hatchability changed by ratio 0.3767 with one unit change in egg weight of crossbred chickens. Mean hatchling weight in Fayoumi eggs changed by ratio of 0.6760; Desi eggs by ratio of 0.5955 and crossbred chicken eggs by ratio of 1.3613 with one unit change in mean egg weight. The overall mean hatchling weight as percentage of mean egg weight in case of Fayoumi was 67.10, in Desi 62.42 and 68.36 in case of cross birds. There was no evidence that hatchabilitypercentage increased with increase in egg weight in all the three strains of birds. Small-sized eggs had higher (P

In the title compound, C15H10Cl2N4O8, the methylacetate and dichloroanilinic groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 57.73 (8) and 62.44 (4)°, respectively to the dinitro-sustituted benzene ring. S(5) and S(7) rings are formed due to intramolecular N—H...Cl and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, respectively. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into C(8) chains along the a axis. Further C—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds link these chains in pairs, forming a polymeric network.

This study examines whether and how the CEO's time perspective affects corporate green innovation. We document a significant positive relationship between the CEO time perspective and green innovation in Chinese manufacturing-listed firms. Furthermore, consistent with the view that the CEO's time perspective is a significant factor influencing corporate green innovation when resources are plentiful, we find that this positive association is stronger when firms have fewer financial constraints. Overall, our research shows that the CEO's time perspective promotes green innovation in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]