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Background and Aim: Milk physicochemical properties play essential role in the milk processing industry, which are moderately to highly affected by genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1) and the physicochemical properties of milk in high-producing Holstein Friesian (HF) cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 149 high-producing dairy cows from PT Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan was included in this study. The physicochemical properties of milk, including density, freezing point, pH, lactose, solid non-fat, protein, and ash content, were determined. Moreover, three polymorphisms within the exon regions of POU1F1 (c.195G>A, c.300G>T, and c.828G>A) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between these polymorphisms and the physicochemical properties of milk was determined using a mixed-effects model analysis, in which the lactation period was used as a covariate. Results: This study found that two polymorphisms, c.195G>A and c.828G>A, significantly affected the pH of fresh milk. Cows with both the GG genotypes c.195G>A and c.828G>A had lower milk pH values than those with the other genotypes. In addition, a non-significant effect of POU1F1 was observed on the other physicochemical properties of milk. Conclusion: Two POU1F1 polymorphisms determined the pH of fresh milk in the Indonesian HF population. These are potential marker candidates for milk pH that directly affect the development of dairy products in the milk processing industry.

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fresh and dried hydrolyzed Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushroom with proteolytic enzymes; bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of bromelain: flavorzyme (CMBF) on quality properties of spent hen chicken. Methods Mushroom extract (CME) were combined with three proteolytic enzyme mixtures that had different peptidase activities; stem bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of stem bromelain:flavorzyme (CMBF) at (1:1). The effect of these hydrolysates was investigated on spent hen breast meat via dipping marination. Results Hydrolyzation positively alters functional properties of CM protease. in which bromelain hydrolyzed group (CMB) displayed the highest proteolytic activity at 4.57 unit/mL. The antioxidant activity had a significant increment from 5.32% in CME to 61.79% in CMB. A significantly higher emulsion stability index and emulsification activity index compared to CME were another result from hydrolyzation (p

Background and Aim: Irradiation has become a preferred method for pork preservation in recent years. Electron-beam irradiation is notably recognized for its feasibility and safety among various irradiation methods. This meta-analysis study aims to elucidate the impact of electron-beam irradiation on oxidation parameters, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions in pork. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 data from 22 articles were aggregated into an extensive database. The irradiation dose ranged from 0 to 20 kGy in this current meta-analysis. The observed parameters encompassed oxidation, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions. A mixed-model approach was used to perform the meta-data analysis, in which irradiation dose was treated as fixed effects and distinct studies (articles) as random effects. Results: Electron-beam irradiation resulted in an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and peroxide-oxygen value of pork (p < 0.01). Conversely, total volatile-base-nitrogen values (p < 0.05) were observed. Following irradiation, the pH value, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) remained unaffected. Pork color tended to decrease after irradiation treatment (p = 0.095 and p = 0.079, respectively) at 7 and 14 days of storage. The irradiation process resulted in an increase in the values of texture and juiciness parameters (p < 0.05). However, electron-beam irradiation resulted in decreased overall acceptability (p = 0.089). In terms of microbiological status, electron-beam irradiation led to a reduction in the populations of Salmonella (p < 0.01), Escherichia coli (p < 0.01), Listeria monocytogenes (p < 0.05), and coliforms (p < 0.05) at 7 and 14 days of storage. Conclusion: Electron-beam irradiation enhances lipid peroxidation in porcine meat. The color of the meat remained unchanged after treatment. However, with regard to sensory properties, electron-beam irradiation showed a tendency to decreased overall acceptability. Most microbiological parameters decreased following electron-beam irradiation.

This research aimed to determine the performance of swamp buffalo reproduction and production at the small-scale holder farmer in Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from June to September 2021. The method used in this research was a survey with a census (complete) sample determination. Data collection applies to interviews, observations and literature studies. Research parameters used in reproductive performance were calving interval (CI), service per conception (S/C), age of the first estrus, age of first birth and postpartum estrus. In contrast, production performance parameters were chest circumference, body length and estimated body weight. The result of research on reproductive performance showed that the average CI were 13.2±0.9 months, S/C 1.25±0.4 time, age of first estrus 2.7±0.6 years, age of first birth 3.7±0.5 years and postpartum estrus were 30–60 days. The result of research on the production of male buffalo body length was 205.3±1.7, and the body length of female buffalo was 127.2±4.3 cm, whereas the chest circumference of female was 205.3±1.7 cm and the chest circumference of the male was 189±2.8 cm. The estimated body weight of females and males were 516.7±7.7 kg and 445.2±11.9 kg. Based on the result of the research, the characteristics of swamp buffalo reproduction and production in Sragen Regency were classified as good.

Tekanan stres yang berbahaya, menakutkan, menjengkelkan, dan tidak terkendali yang dihasilkan dari ketidaksesuaian antara keadaan yang diinginkan dan harapan, ketika ada kesenjangan antara tuntutan lingkungan dan kemampuan individu untuk memuaskannya. Stres akademik memengaruhi antara 38% dan 71% siswa di seluruh dunia, dan antara 39% dan 61,3 persen siswa Asia. Antara 36,7% dan 71,6% siswa Indonesia melaporkan merasa kewalahan dengan tugas sekolah. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan perilaku emotional eating, asupan makan berlebih dan beban kerja dengan gejala stres saat menyusun skripsi pada mahasiswa S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKes Widya Dharma Husada Tangerang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2021 menggunakan total sampling, dengan jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 97 responden mahasiswa semester akhir yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji Korelasi Pearson dan Spearman. Hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan antara perilaku emotional eating dengan gejala stres (p=0,001, r=-0,391), asupan makan berlebih dengan gejala stres (p=0,001, r=0,544), beban kerja dengan gejala stres (p=0,001, r=0,465. Dari Hasil Penelitian ini diharapkan mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi dapat mengelola tingkat stress dan mengontrol emotional eating, agar tidak terjadi masalah yang lebih berat lagi seperti kejadian obesitas atau kekurangan gizi.

This study aimed to determine the reproductive performance of female buffalo in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The sampling method used was the purposive sampling method. The number of respondents was 30 buffalo farmers with a total sample were 100 female buffalo. Collecting data using interview, observation, and literature study methods and analyzing descriptively. The data that has been obtained is then calculated into percentages, averages, and standard deviations, then analyzed descriptively. Buffalo farmers are rice farmers who are still productive with a dominant age of less than 65 years. The main feed given was rice straw, and 64% of buffalo received additional field grass when grazing. The farming experience of farmers was quite long, which is more than 15 years, and was classified as a small-scale farm with the number of buffalo less than 5 heads. The management system used by buffalo farmers is mostly (90%) semi-intensive. The values of gestation length, postpartum estrus, and postpartum estrus were 308.0±7.4 days, 102.2±6.2 days, and 406.8±8.9 days, respectively. The age of first calving for buffalo in the study in Boyolali Regency was 3.60 ± 0.3 years. This study concluded that the reproductive performance of buffaloes in smallholder farms in Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province was in good condition

Food authentication is a mandatory effort to assure the fair-trade. This study developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene to amplify specific segments of a cattle and porcine DNA. A universal forward primer composed of nineteen base pairs (bp) (3′-CCAAACACAACTCCGAAAA-5′) and species-specific reverse primers composed of twenty (3′-CCAAACACAACTCCGAAAA-5′) and twenty-one (3′-TGGCAAGAATTAGGACGGTTA-5′) bp were used to limit the amplified DNA segment for porcine and cattle. The PCR reaction would generate a product with a profile of 168 and 227 bp, respectively. To investigate the accuracy and limit of detection, an in vitro experiment was conducted using simplex and duplex PCR on commercial meatballs randomly purchased from a commercial market in Surakarta, Indonesia. The findings of this study indicated that ND2 could be used as an alternative genetic marker for the identification of porcine and beef species in meat-derived products.

Background: Fasciolosis is a foodborne disease caused by Fasciola sp. infecting ruminants, especially cattle. Fasciolosis remains a significant concern for Veterinary Public Health because of its zoonosis risk and transmission mode. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Fasciola gigantica infestation in cattle at Ampel abbatoir, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 585 cattle from February to August 2022. Visual observation postmortem was used to assess Fasciola infection based on adult flukes in liver parenchyma and ductuli biliferi. Results: The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in Ampel abbatoir is high, reaching 25.12% (147/585). The highest prevalence was observed in the Ongole breed, 42.1% (24/57), female cattle, 38.72% (115/297), body condition score criteria of 2 50% (21/42), cattle aged >3.5 years 46.06% (82/178), and cattle originated from outside of Boyolali district 33.33% (71/213). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of fasciolosis in Ampel abbatoir, as shown in the correlation between the risk factors of breed, sex, BSC, origin, and age. Because of the high prevalence of fasciolosis in the abattoirs, it is essential to continue performing epidemiology studies in more expansive areas. The subsequent plans are important to reduce the risk of fasciolosis as a threat to productive cattle husbandry and warrant its transmission to humans as a foodborne-zoonotic disease. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 654-662]

Background: Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease affecting the hepatobiliary system of livestock worldwide. The control of the fluke is important to be performed in endemic regions. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Etlingera elatior ethanolic extract on egg and adult stadia of Fasciola gigantica. Methods: F. gigantica in different stages were incubated with Etlingera elatior ethanolic extract in different concentrations and time points. Results: The number of developed eggs with different concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% was significantly decreased by 36.67, 56.67%, and 56.67% on day 11 post-incubation, which showed an ovicidal effect of the herb. The developed eggs on day 14, which was represented by hatched larvae, were also decreased by 70%, 50%, and 13.33%, respectively. Significant flukicidal effects were observed in the incubation time of 80 minutes for the concentration of 20% (P= 0.007) and 640 minutes for 10% concentration (P= 0.003). Surface microscopy of adult F. gigantica showed damaged skin and spina with the erosion of the inner membrane and detached syncytium from the tegument. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that E. elatior has a promising anthelmintic property against F. gigantica in both ova and adult stages. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 576-587]

Background and Aim: Fasciolosis due to Fasciola gigantica is endemic to tropical countries and Fasciola hepatica in temperate climates, highly detrimental to livestock and known as foodborne zoonotic diseases. The strategic control of the disease is mainly the use of chemical anthelmintic. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of Artemisia vulgaris extract on the ova and adult stages of F. gigantica. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from the Ampel Abbatoir, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia. The ova from 20-gallbladders of cattle which were naturally infected with F. gigantica and 270 living F. gigantica worms were used in this study. The ovicidal assay was performed by incubating the ova with A. vulgaris in different concentrations, that is, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% for 5, 9, 11, 14, and 16 days. The efficacies were evaluated by quantification of ova degeneration during developmental stages in different time points and egg-hatch assay. The flukicidal effects were observed by mortality assay in 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 min incubations followed by scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology and histology of the fluke’s transversal sections. Results: The concentration of 5% A. vulgaris showed the strongest ovicidal activities. The percentage of hatching ova on day 16 at concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% were 3.33%, 6.67%, and 16.67%. These ova hatch assay showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) compared to untreated control. The flukicidal effect was significant (p < 0.001) at a concentration of 20%, with a mortality rate reaching 66.67% in the 40 min of incubation time. The surface properties of the adult worms, including the spine, tegument, acetabulum, intestine, and vitelline follicles, were disintegrated. Conclusion: The results showed that A. vulgaris has the potential ovicidal and flukicidal properties to F. gigantica. The active compounds remained necessary to be elucidated further and its modes of action would be interesting to be predicted by molecular docking modeling.

Penelitian ini memberikan informasi mengenai kinerja reproduksi kerbau betina di peternakan rakyat Kabupaten Klaten. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada April-September 2021 di Kabupaten Klaten. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Data penelitian ini diperoleh menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi dan studi pustaka. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 131 ekor kerbau yang dimiliki oleh 30 peternak. Penelitian ini memiliki 5 variabel yaitu umur pertama kali dikawinkan, lama bunting, estrus pertama setelah melahirkan, kawin pertama setelah melahirkan, dan jarak beranak. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data rata-rata umur pertama kali dikawinkan 2,52±0,33 tahun, lama bunting 315,17±14,17 hari, periode estrus pertama setelah melahirkan 93,33±7,45 hari, periode kawin pertama setelah melahirkan 103,33±7,45 hari, dan jarak beranak 408,17±7,45 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja reproduksi kerbau rawa di Kabupaten Klaten tergolong baik.

Empowerment of PKK Group Village in Tawangrejo Wonogiri by Training Making Nugget and Sausage Contains Fiber. This community service aimed to increase the knowledge of PKK mothers in Tawangrejo village about processing livestock products, especially nuggets and sausages rich in fiber which are healthy and potential to increase the financial income. The service has been carried out in two groups of PKK women, Tawang Rejo sub-district, Jatipurno District, Wonogiri Regency. The service has been held on June 19, 2021. The method used is training and direct practice. The first activity is to provide a questionnaire to measure the level of initial knowledge of respondents about livestock products and how to process them. Next is training on livestock product processing technology and the practice of making livestock products into healthy functional foods because they are rich in fiber and vitamins. The third activity is giving another questionnaire to measure whether the materials and practices presented have succeeded in increasing the knowledge of the respondents. The ingredients used are chicken, broccoli, moringa leaves, corn and peanuts. From this activity, it was found that prior to the activity, knowledge of processing livestock products was only limited to meatballs, partners had never made their own nuggets and sausages. This is because partners do not yet know how to make it. After the extension and practice activities, respondents' knowledge about livestock products and processing methods increased. As much as 79% knowledge of making nuggets increased, while sausage making increased by 100%. As many as 100% of respondents have plans to start a business from processing livestock products, but only 26.4% of respondents will start a business as soon as possible. Partners obtain equipment in the form of an electric meat grinder and a vacuum machine. This service activity is able to increase the knowledge of partners about processing livestock products and open up business opportunities for partners.

A pigmentation abnormality could be due to genetic mutation and trigger a disease related pigmentation deficiency such as albino which might be caused by mutation in membrane-associated transporter protein gene (MATP). The aim of this study was to identify polymorphism in the MATP exon 3 in Japanese quail. A total of nine Japanese quail consisting three brown plumage quail, three black plumage quail, and three albino quail were used in this study. Blood samples were used to extract the genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and used to amplify exon 3 regions of the MATP by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were then sequenced and analyzed. A total of 10 mutations were found, of which three mutations, g.4460G>A, g.4479G>A, and g.4514T>C, were within exon 3. These mutations were synonymous and non-synonymous. No specific mutation for albino was found in this study. In summary those mutations did not specifically determine albinism in Japanese quail.

Bisnis dalam bidang makanan dan minuman masih menunjukkan geliat pada masa pandemi. Dalam rangka membantu perekonomian para pelaku usaha tersebut, program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM-UNS) bekerjasama dengan Pusat Studi Halal Research Center and Services (HRCS) LPPM UNS melakukan serangkaian kegiatan yang bertujuan meningkatkan performa UMKM. Kegiatan dikemas dalam dua bentuk yaitu web seminar (webinar) agar dapat menjangkau seluruh pelaku usaha di Indonesia dan dalam bentuk pendampingan intensif terhadap UMKM Es Gabus 90'an yang berada di Kota Solo. Webinar diselenggarakan oleh PKM-UNS sebanyak dua kali, materi tentang manajemen keuangan pada Minggu, 4 Juli 2021 dan sistematika cara memperoleh izin BPOM dan sertifikat halal pada Sabtu, 25 September 2021. Pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi untuk UMKM Es Gabus 90'an meliputi pendampingan untuk memperoleh izin BPOM dan sertifikat halal, pembuatan video profil untuk membantu promosi produk, serta bantuan teknis berupa penyediaan alat untuk kelancaran produksi. Output yang dihasilkan dalam kegiatan tersebut antaralain adalah pembaharuan desain kemasan produk, peningkatan pengetahuan para pelaku UMKM lainnya terhadap kepentingan kepemilikan dan tata cara memperoleh dokumen-dokumen legalitas usaha, serta membantu perolehan dokumen-dokumen tersebut, berupa nomor izin edar (NIE) dan sertifikat halal (SH) bagi UMKM binaan, Es Gabus’90an. Keseluruhan kegiatan memperoleh antusiasme dan respon positif dari para pelaku usaha. Melalui program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM-UNS) yang telah terlaksana, diharapkan goals berupa peningkatan performa dan citra UMKM dapat terwujud.

Background and Aim: Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) encodes a multifunctional transcription factor that controls many genes and pathways and is associated with cattle body weight and measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PLAG1 polymorphisms with body weight and measurements in Bali cattle. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 Bali cattle, consisting of 48 bulls and 39 heifers at the Breeding Center for Bali Cattle, were used as the population in this study. Cattle were 2 years old and kept semi-intensively in the pasture. Phenotype data consisting of body weight, withers height, body length, chest girth, waist height, and chest depth were measured. Birth weight data were obtained from birth records, and weight gain, adjusted weaning weight, and yearling weight were calculated using formulas. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein as much as 5 mL, and genomic DNA was isolated using the salting-out method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify three target polymorphisms, namely, g.48308 C>T, g.32212 (19 bp indel), and g.45233 T>C. The presence of a 19 bp indel was determined by direct observation of the PCR product on a 2% agarose gel. Two other polymorphisms were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using the restriction endonuclease enzymes SacII and BclI. PLAG1 genotype and phenotype associations were analyzed using a general linear model. Results: The results showed that two of the target polymorphisms in PLAG1 did not vary. The DD genotype indicated by 123 bp of PCR product was the only genotype identified for g.32212 19 bp indel, and TT genotype was the only genotype found for g.45233 T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Conversely, g.48308 C>T SNP was found to be polymorphic. In addition, the g.48308 C>T polymorphism of PLAG1 was significantly associated with body length of Bali cattle. Cattle with the CC genotype had a greater body length than the other two genotypes. Conclusion: The g.48308 C>T SNP in PLAG1 was associated with Bali cattle body length characteristics. This finding could be used as a basis for selecting Bali cattle based on body length characteristics.

Egg productivity and quality are essential quantitative traits controlled by many genes, including those encoding bone morphogenetic receptor 1B (BMPR1B) and prolactin (PRL). This study aimed to identify the polymorphisms of BMPR1B and PRL and their association with egg productivity and quality traits in Japanese quail. The phenotypes of 73 female quails raised under an individual cage system were investigated, and their blood samples were analyzed. The phenotypes investigated included egg production, body weight at 1 to 6 weeks, egg weight, egg index, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, albumen index, yolk index, yolk score, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk ratio, albumen ratio, and Haugh unit. The polymorphisms of BMPR1B in exon 9 and intron 10 were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, while a 24 bp indel of PRL located in promoter region was directly detected by examining the size of the PCR products (154/130 bp). The association between BMPR1B and PRL polymorphisms with egg productivity and quality traits was analyzed using an independent sample t-test. The result showed that the BMPR1B did not have polymorphisms. On the other hand, two genotypes, DD and ID, were found for the 24 bp indel of PRL. Moreover, the t-test analysis results indicated no association between the 24 bp indel of PRL and egg productivity and quality (P > 0.05). In conclusion, BMPR1B was monomorphic, and PRL polymorphisms did not affect the egg productivity and quality traits of Japanese quails.

Background and Aim: Bali Cattle (Bos j. javanicus) is a local breed originating in Indonesia, accounting for 32.3% of the total cattle population. To date, no studies of the genetic structure and demographic status of Bali cattle have been conducted, even though the breeding of Bali cattle has a long and unique history that is likely to have impacted its genetic diversity. Therefore, a study that used molecular breeding technologies to characterize the demography of Bali cattle would be timely. This study aimed to examine genome diversity in Bali cattle and estimate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size (Ne) values in the cattle population. Materials and Methods: In this study, we explored the population structure and genetic diversity of Bali cattle using genomic-level analyses. Our study primarily studied cattle that had been bred in livestock breeding centers since these breeds had subsequently spread throughout Indonesia. We focused on characterizing the genetic structure, determining the level of LD present, and estimating the Ne of the Bali cattle population. The genomic data used for this study were obtained from DNA samples of 48 Bali cattle collected at the Breeding Center of Bali Cattle as well as 54 genomic samples from Bali cattle collected elsewhere in Indonesia that had been used in recent publications. This genomic dataset included exclusively 50K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array (Illumina Bovine 50SNP bead chip, Illumina, USA) data. Results: We found that the LD values of Bali cattle from the breeding center and those raised elsewhere were 0.48±0.43 and 0.39±0.40, respectively. Subsequently, the Ne value of Bali cattle from the breeding center and farmers was 151 and 96, respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the selection program of the breeding center is beneficial for maintaining the genetic diversity of Bali cattle.

This review was purposed to understand the effectiveness of bovine bone gelatin as an antihypertensive agent. This review concerning the effectiveness of bovine bone gelatin as an antihypertensive agent. Hypertension, also called as a silent disease, has become the main cause of coronary heart disease and stroke that contributes to the malfunction of human organs. Changes of lifestyle alongside with science enhancement, provides new inventions regarding methods of hypertension therapy by minimizing the use of synthetic drugs. Collagen tissue of bovine bone gelatin is known to contain angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an active peptide that plays a role in lowering blood pressure supporting with the large amount of Gly (27%), Pro (17.6%), and Hyp (14.4%) and repeating pattern of Gly-X-Y. A study was carried out in vivo using injected spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with 30 mg/kg and was able to reduce blood pressure by 15 mmHg. Antihypertensive test with SHR tail-cuff at 30 mg/kg bovine gelatin hydrolysate RGL-(Hyp)-GL and RGM-(Hyp)-GF were 31.3 mmHg and 38.6 mmHg respectively. A study conducted using bovine and porcine gelatin with 30–50 kDa (permeate P1) and 1–2 kDa (permeate P3) was able to reduce blood pressure by 22 mmHg and 21.33 mmHg. In addition, it is still possible conducting research to find out other peptides of bovine bone gelatin that can be used as a future alternative antihypertensive agent.

The rise of beef consumption in Indonesia opens an opportunity for “rogue” suppliers to mix beef with other meat species that are relatively cheaper, such as pork, chicken, etc. The aim of this study was to identify pig and chicken meat in raw, cooked, and processed meat products using multiplex-PCR of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene, which is maternally inherited and widely used for forensic studies. A total of 90 samples-33 raw meats, 33 cooked meats, and 24 meatballs-were used in this study. Each sample was extracted to obtain the DNA genome and this was then amplified using multiplex-PCR. The PCR products were visualized using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that species contained in raw, cooked, and processed meat samples could be identified as indicated by DNA bands at 398, 274, 227, and 157 bp for pig, cattle, chicken, and goat species respectively. This study concluded that species substitution in raw, cooked, and processed meats could be detected using the Cytochrome b gene as a genetic marker through multiplex-PCR assay.

Objective Thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 alpha (THRSP) has been used to investigate the regulation of de novo lipogenesis because the variation of THRSP mRNA content in the tissue affects directly the ability of that tissue to synthetize lipids. Also, this gene responds to thyroid hormone stimulation and high level of carbohydrate feeding or insulin-injection. This study was carried out to investigate variations within THRSP and their effects on body and carcass weights in Korean native chicken (KNC). Methods A total of 585 chickens which represent the five lines of KNC (Black, Gray-Brown, Red-Brown, White, and Yellow-Brown) were reared and body weight data were recorded every two weeks from hatch until 20 weeks of age. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA chips for Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, and Fluidigm Genotyping Technology, were applied to genotype selected markers. A linear mixed-effect model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and growth-related traits. Results A total of 30 polymorphisms were investigated in THRSP. Of these, nine SNPs for loci were selected to perform association analyses. Significant associations were detected between g.-49G>T SNP with body weight at 20 weeks of age (BW20), g.451T>C SNP with growth at 10 to 12 weeks of age (GR10-12), and g.1432A>C SNP with growth at 14 to 16 weeks trait (GR14-16) and body weight at 18 weeks of age (BW18). Moreover, diplotype of the THRSP gene significantly affected body weight at 12 weeks of age (BW12) and GR10-12 traits. Diplotype of ht1/ht2 was favorable for BW12 and GR10-12 traits. Conclusion These results suggest that THRSP can be regarded as a candidate gene for growth traits in KNC.

In tropical countries, clinical bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease primarily caused by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Here, we investigated 11 cattle with presumptive diagnosis of clinical babesiosis in Boyolali district, Central Java, Indonesia. The majority of the animals were anemic, as evidenced by lower hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell counts than the normal ranges. Blood DNA was analyzed by a PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA-ITS region of babesial origin, and the results confirmed that the cattle were infected with Babesia species. The sequencing and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the animals were infected with Babesia naoakii. This is the first report of B. naoakii in Indonesia and of B. naoakii-induced clinical bovine babesiosis outside of Sri Lanka. B. naoakii causes a persistent infection, as indicated by positive PCR results for serial blood samples of the circulatory system taken two weeks after treatment. Consequently, subclinical or newly recovered cattle may serve as potential intermediate hosts and infect ticks as definitive hosts to complete the life cycle. To identify potential tick vectors, we collected ticks from cattle, including 11 animals with clinical babesiosis. Based on the morphology and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) of collected ticks, we found that all of the collected ticks were Haemaphysalis bispinosa, identifying this tick species as a potential vector of B. naoakii in Indonesia. In this study, the evaluation of local farmers’ awareness and practices regarding tick-borne diseases is presented, as disease prevention is also reliant on the implementation of strategies for vector control. Since livestock activities in Java represent the country’s busiest animal trade, thereby the spread of disease to other regions is possible through anthropogenic factors. In conclusion, B. naoakii is a causative pathogen of clinical bovine babesiosis autochthonously occurred in this report and further research on B. naoakii-infection is required in other regions of the country. The prompt treatment of the disease seemed crucial for animal survival, which implies the necessity of early diagnosis and a sensitive detection method.

Coturnix japonica is a Japanese quail which is commonly raised in Indonesia. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene analysis. This study used 12 samples of quail blood collected from two different village breeding centres (VBC) representing black and brown plumage lines. Total DNA genome was isolated from whole blood by following the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit protocol (Promega, USA). The DNA amplification process in this study was carried out using novel forward and reverse primers using Primer3 software. Additionally, PCR products were sequenced and analysed using MEGA 6.0 and DNAsp v.5 softwares. A total of 21 sequences consists of 12 sequences of quail sample and 9 reference sequences obtained from NCBI website were analyzed to construct phylogenetic tree and to evaluate genetic diversity of Japanese quails. The sequence analysis showed that Japanese quail population in this study had kinship with Francolinus pintadeanus and Coturnix chinensis with an 81% bootstrap value. The genetic distance among Japanese quails was ranged from 0.000 to 0.003. In addition, the mean of genetic distance for Japanese quail was 0.002 and the mean of genetic distance for 21 samples was 0.067. Tajima D'test values were -1.35536 for Japanese quail population and -1.38090 for whole population used in this study. The conclusion of this study was the Japanese quail had low genetic diversity based on complete sequence of Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene analysis that mean Japanese quail had low level of evolution

Objective Fatty acid composition is one of the most important meat quality traits because it can contribute to functional, sensorial, and nutritional factors. In this study, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for fatty acid composition traits were investigated in thigh and breast meat of Korean native chicken (KNC). Methods In total, 18 fatty acid composition traits were investigated from each meat sample using 83 parents, and 595 F1 chicks of 20 week old. Genotype assessment was performed using 171 informative DNA markers on 26 autosomes. The KNC linkage map was constructed by CRI-MAP software, which calculated genetic distances, with map orders between markers. The half-sib and full-sib QTL analyses were performed using GridQTL and SOLAR programs, respectively. Results In total, 30 QTLs (12 in the thigh and 18 in the breast meat) were detected by the half-sib analysis and 7 QTLs (3 in the thigh and 4 in the breast meat) were identified by the full-sib analysis. Conclusion With further verification of the QTL regions using additional markers and positional candidate gene studies, these results can provide valuable information for determining causative mutations affecting the fatty acid composition of KNC meat. Moreover, these findings may aid in the selection of birds with favorable fatty acid composition traits.

Halal is one of important aspects in consumer protection. Meat and processed meat products are food that should be controlled strictly because those are prone to be adulterated by pork contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to provide detection technique which is accurate, fast and cheap. The objective of this research was to identify the presence of impurities of pork meat on raw chicken meat using gene Cyt-b with duplex-PCR analysis. This research used six samples of raw chicken meat and raw pork. Raw chicken meat was bought from supermarkets in the city of Surakarta and raw pork was obtained from pig slaughterhouse. The percentage of raw pork contamination on raw chicken meat was designed as much as 1, 5, 10, and 25%, respectively. The DNA genome was isolated according to DNA isolation protocol from Genomic DNA Mini Kit. In addition, duplex-PCR was performed based on protocol of KAPA2G Fast Multiplex PCR kit. The data was descriptively analyzed by directly looking the DNA bands on the gel documentation apparatus. The result showed that specific DNA bands for chicken and pig were completely appeared on 1.5% of agarose gels. Duplex-PCR detect contamination of pork on raw meat of chicken at all contamination levels. This research proved that the duplex-PCR detect the contamination of pork until the level of 1%.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a particular region of the genome containing one or more genes associated with economically important quantitative traits. This study was conducted to identify QTL regions for body weight and growth traits in purebred Korean native chicken (KNC). F1 samples (n = 595) were genotyped using 127 microsatellite markers and 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms that covered 2,616.1 centi Morgan (cM) of map length for 26 autosomal linkage groups. Body weight traits were measured every 2 weeks from hatch to 20 weeks of age. Weight of half carcass was also collected together with growth rate. A multipoint variance component linkage approach was used to identify QTLs for the body weight traits. Two significant QTLs for growth were identified on chicken chromosome 3 (GGA3) for growth 16 to18 weeks (logarithm of the odds [LOD] = 3.24, Nominal p value = 0.0001) and GGA4 for growth 6 to 8 weeks (LOD = 2.88, Nominal p value = 0.0003). Additionally, one significant QTL and three suggestive QTLs were detected for body weight traits in KNC; significant QTL for body weight at 4 weeks (LOD = 2.52, nominal p value = 0.0007) and suggestive QTL for 8 weeks (LOD = 1.96, Nominal p value = 0.0027) were detected on GGA4; QTLs were also detected for two different body weight traits: body weight at 16 weeks on GGA3 and body weight at 18 weeks on GGA19. Additionally, two suggestive QTLs for carcass weight were detected at 0 and 70 cM on GGA19. In conclusion, the current study identified several significant and suggestive QTLs that affect growth related traits in a unique resource pedigree in purebred KNC. This information will contribute to improving the body weight traits in native chicken breeds, especially for the Asian native chicken breeds.

The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of decomposer from bioethanol waste (DLB) with various commercial decomposers on quality of compost made from cattle dung. This study used completely randomized design (one-way ANOVA) with four treatments and five replications. Materials used in this study were cattle dung, water, molasses, DLB and various commercial decomposers (A, B, and C). The treatments in this study were cattle dung + BLB 0.5% (P0), cattle dung + decomposer A 0.5% (P1), cattle dung + decomposer B 0.5% (P2) and cattle dung + decomposer C 0.5% (P3). Then, the mixtures were aerobically ripened until four weeks. During composting, compost was stirred weekly. Furthermore, mature compost was analyzed to evaluate the amount of C Organic, total N, total P, total K, total Ca, total Mg, C/N ratio and pH value. The analysis of variance showed that there was no difference of the quality and pH value of compost made from cattle dung with utilization of DLB and commercial decomposers. It could be concluded that utilization of DLB in composting of cattle dung had identically quality and pH value of compost with utilization of commercial decomposers, therefore, this technology could be an alternative to process waste from home industry of bioethanol.

People with autism show identifiable impediments in three central aspects, namely communication, social interaction, and repetitive and restrictive behavior, which is called the triad of impairments. The communication observation of children with autism is relatively complex, so a specific procedure to identify their communication is required. A specific identification procedures on children's communication aspect facilitate teachers and parents to provide an optimum alternative program for children with autism. This study aims to identify and develop an identification matrix focusing on the communication aspects of children with autism. This study used development methods and a qualitative approach. For the data validity test, we used data triangulation through interviews with experts. The results of this study are the development of a communication identification matrix as an approach on early detection on autism symptom. Despite the development of the identification matrix related to communication aspects, it is recommended to identify aspects related to social interaction and repetitive and restrictive behaviors according to the triad of impairment. As a highlight, early detection or screening cannot directly label that a child has autism, but early detection can be the first step to identify any developmental issues, and parents can refer the child to a psychologist or doctor for a clinical diagnosis.