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Post-disaster recovery is a multifaceted system essential for rebuilding communities and infrastructure. Despite its importance, many limitations obstruct powerful recuperation, main to tremendous loss of life and monetary assets. This paper synthesizes varied approaches in the direction of sustainable restoration, highlighting the increasing reliance on technology for disaster management. Image processing strategies, pivotal in addressing these demanding situations, are reviewed across studies. Those strategies range from SLIC segmentation and Random forest classification to advanced deep learning models together with U-net and YOLOv8, machine learning algorithms like SVM, and image category methodologies along with bi-temporal analysis. Comparative evaluation reveals that those strategies presents promising consequences, with accuracies starting from 75% to over 94%. The paper gives a framework for understanding the role of various image processing strategies in improving disaster control strategies, emphasizing their implications for future studies and application.

In this study, we examined the effect of adding recycled plastics to concrete. The waste plastics were collected from a local market. The disposal of plastics is a major issue with many negative consequences. Plastic, being inorganic, does not change the chemical characteristics of concrete and has no effect on its quality or consistency, making it an ideal material for use in the construction industry, where it may help reduce plastic waste. Plastic has dual uses in concrete as a filler ingredient and as an additive to enhance the mechanical properties of the material. The concrete was prepared using five different amounts of aggregate substitution by volume: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Cubes and beams were cast, cured, and tested using a universal testing machine. A mixed proportion was made using the different ingredients used in the concrete. At 7, 21, and 28 d, the results showed that the compressive and flexural strengths increased as the percentage of plastic waste increased. Also, flexural strength improved with an increase in the proportion of plastic waste, reaching a maximum at 30%. These results highlight that, as plastic fiber decreases the quantity of industrial fibers needed in concrete, it is also proven to be more inexpensive.

The current work focuses on using rectangular inserts with water as the working fluid to investigate heat transfer experimentally and numerically in a horizontal circular tube [10]. The study considers variations in the number of rectangular slots within the same strip. The tube has dimensions of 0.0266 m diameter. Twisted tapes, featuring rectangular cuts, are constructed from a 3 mm thick Stainless-steel strip with a length of 1035 mm. For experimentation, two different types of rectangular inserts were considered: one with nine cuts and the other with eighteen cuts. The dimensions of the cuts were as follows: length of 1000 mm, width of 13 mm, depth of cut 8 mm, and thickness 3 mm. The heat flux applied to the horizontal tube was steady and uniform. The range of the Reynolds number was 9,000–19,000. A plain tube without an insert was used to compare the results. The horizontal tube along with rectangular insert was modelled in Ansys Fluent software with fine meshing and analysed. Initially, CFD analysis was done for plain tube with and without insert, and results have been verified by comparison with experimental values. A comprehensive comparison is established, evaluating different heat transfer parameters, including convective heat transfer coefficient (h), heat transfer rate (q), and Nusselt number (Nu).

Concrete ductility and other technical qualities, such as toughness and load-bearing capacity after cracking, are known to benefit from the presence of different kinds of fibres. Recent years have seen a rise in the application of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC) to a variety of structural elements. The incorporation of polypropylene fibres into concrete to increase the load-bearing capacity of existing structural elements has garnered significant attention. A technique known as "cement-base bonded overlay" has been used recently to increase the flexural capacity of concrete slabs by covering an existing slab with a light covering of PFRC. The aim of this study is to examine the flexural behaviour of a precast concrete slab that has a concrete topping made of Polypropylene fibre (PF). Experiments revealed that the addition of polypropylene fibres to the topping influenced the flexural performance. Despite this, the results indicated that the PFRC covers slab's ductility factor and deflection were better than those of a regular concrete topping slab.

The population living in cities needs a variety of urban services, such as solid waste management, sewage, and water supply. The majority of communities dispose of their solid waste in open dumps that are not properly lined, which has an impact on the land, water, and air quality. Out of the fifteen largest states in the india, Tamil Nadu has the elevated rate of urbanisation. Tamil Nadu is now the state in the nation with the greatest rate of urbanization nearly forty-four percent according to the 2011 Census. Nonetheless, the influence of leachate percolation was the main focus of this investigation. Samples of leachate were gathered from the city’s environs and the disposal site. The leachate then divided according to age. It was noted that drinking this water had an adverse effect on the health of those living close to the dumpsite. It is determined that the ground water is tainted and unsuitable for residential usage, including drinking.

Electrochemical Machining (ECM), an unusual machining method, seems to be a promising approach in the automotive and other industrial industries. According to current trends, industries including biotechnology, electronics, optics, medicine, and others have seen a massive increase in demand for stainless steel micro goods and components. Because it is corrosion-resistant and easily sterilizable, this stainless-steel material is perfect for a sanitary setting. This study examined the experimental process parameters of ECM for SS material. The SS 316 alloy has made the decision to alter the electrochemical machining procedure using various electrodes and to investigate the process parameters using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. To investigate the improved quality of ECM process parameters, several tool materials have been used.

In order to regulate photovoltaic systems (PV), this work suggests, implements, and validates yet another monstrous power point following (MPPT) approach. We look into the evolution and characteristics of a typical incline climbing based MPPT. Furthermore, the ease of use of the C-block in the MATLAB scripting environment makes it necessary to replicate the estimate and PV system using this block. In accordance with the regular slant climbing process, the provided fuzzy reasoning controller (FLC) takes into account the changing step-size incline climbing MPPT method and provides a prompt and cautious mix to the most outrageous powerpoint (MPP) under common and fluctuating barometrical conditions. While considering various settings for the sun- based enlightenment, the entertainment outcomes are provided to support the show and viability of the suggested controller.