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This study identifies the regulations concerning fertilisers produced for the development of paddy and the rice industry. It looks into the issue of mismanagement of the government’s fertiliser subsidy scheme from the legal perspective. It also focuses on the roles played by manufacturers, distributors, sellers, service providers and farmers when dealing with fertiliser, and whether such dealings are parallel to the law. The mismanagement of the rice fertiliser subsidy puts the country’s financial security at risk and preventing farmers from successfully achieving food sovereignty through the increase in productivity of rice yields as well as increase in income for paddy farmers’ survival. There are several regulations governing fertiliser subsidy and its management such as the Control of Paddy and Rice Act 1994, Plant Quarantine Act 1976, Pesticide Act 1974, Malaysian Quarantine and Inspection Services Act 2011 and Environmental Quality Act 1974. However, most mismanagement cases involve big commercial farms, which are associated with the fertiliser industry rather than the subsidy for fertiliser in the government rice sector. The cases involved graft, fraud, bribery and smuggling of fertiliser. This paper also reviews the roles of Farmers Association and Farmers Board in regulating fertiliser subsidy.

Situasi dan implikasi pandemik COVID-19 adalah sangat mencabar kepada setiap lapisan masyarakat khususnya dari aspek ekonomi. Orang Asli turut menerima impak negatif susulan pandemik COVID-19 ini kerana kedudukan mereka sedia ada telah dibelenggu dengan isu ekonomi, dihimpit kemiskinan dan terpinggir dari pembangunan arus perdana. Sehubungan itu, objektif utama artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis mengenai situasi hak ekonomi Orang Asli dan cabaran perundangan dalam era pandemik COVID-19. Artikel turut menganalisis undang-undang, dasar serta polisi berkaitan hak ekonomi Orang Asli, seterusnya mengenalpasti cabaran perundangan sedia ada. Artikel ini mengemukakan dua dapatan utama iaitu 1) usaha kerajaan wajar dipertingkatkan lagi bagi membantu Orang Asli dalam menghadapi cabaran COVID-19; dan 2) wujudnya jurang dan cabaran perundangan sedia ada berhubung hak Orang Asli termasuklah hak ekonomi dalam mendepani ujian pandemik COVID-19. Dapatan ini sangat signifikan kerana hak Orang Asli termasuklah hak ekonomi masih jauh ketinggalan dan memerlukan penambahbaikan segera dari pelbagai aspek termasuklah strategi, undang-undang dan pelaksanaannya khususnya dalam era Pandemik COVID-19 ini. Kesimpulannya, penulisan ini dapat memberi sumbangan yang penting ke arah pembangunan lestari kepada Orang Asli seterusnya membantu Malaysia menunaikan obligasi undang-undang antarabangsanya.

Penal mediation has been a longtime process of criminal settlement used in the Ngaju Dayak indigenous people in Kalimantan. They used the Belom Bahadat philosophy as a form of reform in the field of criminal procedural law stemmed from the politics of criminal law which makes customary law a part of national criminal law. This article is aimed to analyze the concepts of penal mediation in Indonesia and from the international law perspectives; and the settlement process with Belom Bahadat philosophy-based penal mediation in the Dayak indigenous community and its future use in the national criminal procedural law. This qualitative research applied a sociological juridical approach and utilized primary data obtained from interviews with Dayak traditional elders, secondary data comprising customary peace decisions obtained from Dayak customary institutions, and multidisciplinary approach from international law of penal mediation to uphold the strong concept of penal mediation. The results shown that restorative justice is one of the uniqueness in penal mediation internationally, especially in Germany, Spain, and Indonesia. Furthermore, the use of penal mediation in Dayak community is based on the 96 Articles of the Tumbang Anoi Peace Agreement that has existed since 1894. During a settlement, the penal mediation model applied in the Dayak people can be divided into the Victim Offender Mediation model, as well as Family and Community Group Conferences. Consequently, the formulation of this procedure is expected to be a study material in the renewal of criminal law legislation, specifically the Criminal Procedure law provisions in Indonesia.

Purpose Corporate gift-giving and hospitality are some of the high-risk areas for corruption. This paper aims to see comparisons between the Malaysian Ministerial Guidelines and the UK Guidance and to analyse whether the guideline in Malaysia is adequate in dealing with corporate gift-giving and hospitality. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used in this paper is qualitative research which is based on data collection through online searches, legal databases, information obtained from articles, books, statutes and related government publications. Findings The findings show that the statutory guideline in Malaysia is immature, still not adequate, and lacks detailed regulations in determining gifts and hospitality as corruption (unclear boundary), as compared to the UK law which is more detailed. Originality/value This paper explains on comparison of corporate gift giving and hospitality practise in Malaysia and the UK based on the statutory guidelines.

Purpose The objectives of this study are to analyse the present Malaysian law regarding money laundering, to identify advantages and disadvantages of the current anti-money laundering law, to analyse its impact on the public sector and the private sector and to make recommendations on any improvements that should be made. Design/methodology/approach This study will use a qualitative method where the literature review method applies to collect primary and secondary data regarding anti-money laundering laws. Data has been collected from the various provisions of laws and text reading, such as books, articles, journals, law cases and thesis regarding anti-money laundering laws and those analysed with the content analysis method and the critical analysis method. Findings This study found that Malaysia has one law regarding anti-money laundering and they have control over individual and corporate entities in Malaysia. Originality/value This study found that Malaysia has one law regarding anti-money laundering and they have control over individual and corporate entities in Malaysia.

Pandemi covid-19 yang telah berlangsung lebih dari satu tahun memberikan dampak bagi semua sektor tidak tidak terkecuali bagi pelaku UMKM di Indonesia. UMKM Topi milik Pak Endang merupakan satu dari 20 UMKM yang berada di Desa Pangulah Selatan, Kecamatan Kotabaru Karawang yang mengalami penurunan sebesar 50% selama pandemi. Sebelum pandemi, Pak Endang dapat mengirimkan 300 kodi tetapi saat ini hanya bisa mengirimkan 150 kodi setiap minggunya. UMKM ini memiliki 9 pegawai dan sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2017. Saat ini UMKM Topi memiliki satu konsumen tetap dari Bandung yang mengambil produk dalam jumlah besar. Ada beberapa potensi yang dapat dikembangkan di UMKM ini antara lain perbaikan kualitas dan perbaikan digital marketing.Kata kunci: UMKM Topi, Potensi, Kualitas, Digital Marketing. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has lasted more than a year, has had an impact on all sectors, including MSMEs in Indonesia. Mr. Endang's Hat MSME is one of 20 MSMEs located in South Pangulah Village, Kotabaru Karawang District which experienced a 50% decline during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, Mr. Endang could send 300 scores but currently he can only send 150 scores per week. This UMKM has 9 employees and has been established since 2017. Currently, the Topi UMKM has one regular customer from Bandung who takes products in large quantities. There are several potentials that can be developed in this MSME, including improving quality and improving digital marketing.Keywords: MSME Hats, Potential, Quality, Digital Marketing.

In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Islam has fell victim to the allegation that relates it to terrorism. This is due to the rise of terrorist movements such as al-Qaeda and ISIS that claim to be representing Islam and pursuing the holy war (jihād) to establish an Islamic caliphate (al-khilāfah al-Islāmiyyah). These terrorist movements also used the same terms and concepts that can be found in the traditional Muslim scholarship, such as the abode of Islam and the abode of war (dār al-Islām wa dār alḥarb), loyalty and disavowal (al-walā’ wa al-barā’), and excommunicating Muslims (takfīr). Thus, this study seeks to analyse these two concepts of jihād and terrorism (irhāb) to locate both their similarities and differences. Comparison is made from several aspects such as etymology and history and lastly its application in our contemporary reality in relation to other relevant terms and concepts as mentioned above. This study finds that there are substantial differences between jihād and irhāb, and it is the failure to grasp the ever evolving and developing nature of Islamic law (fiqh) and the contemporary reality that led to this confusion.

Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) telah mengisytiharkan penularan COVID-19 di seluruh dunia sebagai pandemik pada 11 Mac 2020. Penularan COVID-19 ini semakin hari semakin membimbangkan dan telah membawa cabaran yang sangat besar kepada pelaksanaan prosiding reman di seluruh negara, khususnya negara Malaysia dan India. Cabaran-cabaran yang belum pernah dihadapi ini juga telah menimbulkan kesukaran dalam melaksanakan prosiding reman mengikut undang-undang yang sedia ada kerana menurut undang-undang, satu permohonan reman perlu dibuat kepada Majistret sekiranya siasatan tidak boleh diselesaikan dalam tempoh 24 jam supaya suspek boleh ditahan lanjut bagi satu tempoh masa tertentu yang diperintahkan oleh Majistret untuk menyempurnakan siasatan. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dengan rujukan kepada bahan bacaan seperti buku, artikel dan laporan kes. Artikel ini menganalisis pelaksanaan prosiding reman yang diamalkan di negara Malaysia dan India dalam era pandemik COVID-19. Artikel ini seterusnya membandingkan pelaksanaan prosiding reman antara Malaysia dengan India semasa pandemik COVID-19. Artikel ini seterusnya mencadangkan penambahbaikan yang boleh dipertimbangkan ke atas pelaksanaan prosiding reman yang sedia ada di Malaysia dalam era pandemik COVID-19. Artikel ini mendapati bahawa Malaysia dan India telah mengambil langkah dalam menangani cabaran yang dihadapi semasa wabak COVID-19 melanda penjara-penjara di mana tahanan reman berada. Terdapat persamaan dan perbezaan dalam pelaksanaan prosiding reman antara negara Malaysia dengan India sewaktu pandemik COVID-19 dan terdapat amalan di negara India yang boleh dijadikan panduan oleh Malaysia. Artikel ini juga telah mencadangkan pelbagai langkah yang boleh diambil oleh Malaysia untuk menambahbaikkan pelaksanaan prosiding reman di Malaysia dalam era pandemik COVID-19 ini atas pandangan bahawa langkah yang sedia ada masih tidak mencukupi.

Material inventory as a very important thing for every company. Manufacturing companies generally have inventory to be able to provide the best service to customers. The purpose of this study is to try to achieve the minimum inventory levels possible, reduce storage costs, maximize material storage space for materials fast moving. The author uses ABC Analysis to determine the plastic ore material that is fast moving and is in class A. Then proceed with forecasting the needs of plastic ore raw materials for 2019. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method is used in this study after knowing the material in class A with a percentage value of 64.20% of material requirements and to determine the quantity of inventory orders that minimize the direct cost of storing inventory, ordering costs and optimizing the frequency of ordering materials. This research is useful for companies by minimizing direct costs of inventory storage, ordering costs and optimizing the frequency of ordering materials. PT. Nissen Chemitec Indonesia usually orders material in 1 year, 12 times material orders, which means that every month the company will order materials. In this analysis, forecasting of material needs is carried out for September 2019 to December 2019 because from the January to August period the company has purchased material. Material purchase with a lead time of 14 days for all types of material. Before using the EOQ method, the total inventory cost of raw materials is Rp. 2,286,376.58 and the company does not have a safety stock. If using the EOQ method the total inventory cost of raw materials is Rp. 812,009 with a frequency of ordering 1 time in 4 months period. The safety stock is 1,095 kg, and the reorder point is if the raw material is at the amount of 2,618 kg. This research is expected to minimize procurement costs and optimize the number of purchases that can be used at PT. Nissen Chemitec Indonesia so that all raw material procurement processes can be better for the company.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh manajemen logistik farmasi terhadap pengelolaan persediaan obat di rumah sakit untuk mengoptimalkan perencanaan dan persediaan obat di rumah sakit.. Salah satu strategi untuk memperolehnya adalah dengan merencanakan keputusan yang efisien mengenai kuantitas obat yang dipesan dan waktu pemesanan dapat mencapai total biaya seminimal mungkin dalam pengelolaan persediaan obat dan terpenuhinya permintaan obat dari pasien. Rumah sakit penting melakukan pengelolaan persediaan obat karena sifat obat pada penelitian ini yang sering digunakan maka persediaan harus terkontrol untuk menghindari kehabisan obat atau stockout. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Material Requirement Planning (MRP) untuk mengetahui permintaan persediaan obat generik model optimasi dengan Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) dan Analisis Sensitivitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah manajemen logistik farmasi di RS delima asih karawang masih terjadi kekurangan obat sehingga pihak rumah sakit mengambil tindakan dalam pembelian obat secara urgensi ke pihak-3 dengan biaya lebih besar. Pengendalian persediaan obat di RS delima asih belum memenuhi kebutuhan persediaan obat dengan dilihat dari 10 obat generik yang diteliti dan 3 diantaranya mengalami kehabisan yaitu Ethambutol 500 Mg (-827 pcs), Pyrazinamide 500 Mg (-513 pcs), Simvastatin 20 Mg (-141 pcs), dan sisianya mengalami stagnan. Motode MRP dan model optimasi menjadi salah satu usulan dalam pengendalian persediaan dimana hasil dari peritungan keduanya telah memenuhi kebutuhan persediaan obat di RS delima asih karawang.

In modern legislative institutions rely on Parliament to oversee government action, particularly through select committees (PSCs). PSCs are used in democratic parliaments to achieve good governance and hold the ruling government accountable. Nonetheless, the inadequacy of the current structure hinder the PSCs from operating effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to critically analyse the practices of the PSCs in the Parliament of Malaysia during Barisan Nasional from 2004 – 2012. This article adopts a qualitative approach of parliamentary ethnography through analysing documents as instruments in collecting data and library research. This study critically assesses the composition, membership and chairperson of the PSCs based on the provisions in the Standing Orders and other relevant statutes that govern parliamentary select committees in the Parliament. Based on the analysis, the article concluded that the composition of members and chairperson of PSCs during Barisan Nasional (2004 -2012) should be revisited and improved for future practice. Unlike the standards indicated in the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) Recommended Benchmarks for Democratic Legislatures, 2018, the study found several areas that need revisiting, including composition, membership and chairperson of PSC.

The 14th General Election in Malaysia was a pivotal turning point for the progressive parliamentary reform agenda. Recognising that parliamentary reform in Malaysia is highly complex, parliament pl...

This study aims to determine the role of local taxes and levies on local revenue (PAD) in West Lombok Regency. This type of research is descriptive with a caulitative approach. The unit of observation is the regional taxes and levies of West Lombok Regency. Analysis and interpretation of data by means of data reduction, data verification, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that in general the effectiveness of West Lombok Regency in collecting local taxes and levies to increase local revenue (PAD) for the last five years is quite effective where in 2015-2019 the highest regional taxes occurred in 2016 with a percentage of 88.89% , while the highest regional retribution occurred in 2015 with a percentage of 100.43%. Local taxes and levies in West Lombok Regency are very important because they are used to build facilities and infrastructure for the benefit of the community, for example the construction of hospitals, other forms of community service, besides physical development / locality, business development, employment opportunities and community economic development.

The main objective of this article is to critically evaluate the compatibility of the ‘right to political participation’ of the Orang Asli by looking at international law standards. The present study utilises a qualitative socio-legal approach, which analyses the political participation of the Orang Asli under Malaysian law and determines whether the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 (apa) can provide for the protection, well-being, and the advancement of the Orang Asli. Arguably, the existing provisions of the apa are not in conformity with the recognition in undrip and in no way guarantee the Orang Asli’s right to self-determination as recognised by international law. Thus, the current study recommends an amendment to the apa and introduces guidelines to empower political participation of the Orang Asli by incorporating the principles of undrip. The amendment is necessary to ensure that the protection of the right to self-determination of the Orang Asli is compatible with international law standards.

Scheduling is the allocation of limited resources to do a number of jobs. Problems arise when at certain stages of operation some or all of the work requires the same work station. PT XYZ is a service company engaged in electro plating, where the work process is carried out when receiving a request from the customer. The arrival of products from customers who are late and other things will affect the process of working on the products to be plated so that the schedule for sending back products that have been platted is not on schedule while the company does not have inventory. Therefore, a good production machine scheduling optimization will be able to produce good processing time. In addition to knowing the number of machines and jobs as well as the number and sequence of their production processes, research is also carried out by calculating the processing time of each job. Based on the comparison between the best iterations of CDS and the company's FSCS method, it is known that there is a difference in makespan time of 46990 seconds or about 13.05 hours and a flowtime difference of 216380 seconds or about 60.1 hours.