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Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) or dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) from permanent teeth are considered promising sources of mesenchymal stem cells. It requires a less invasive technique to isolate stem cells from exfoliated or permanent teeth. Hence this study aimed to identify the present status of research on the regenerative potential of SHED/DPSCs in Malaysia. The results indicate that only 60 articles were published in regenerative medicine from Malaysia till 5th July 2019. Only 16 tertiary institutes and four industries/clinics were involved in these studies. A poor pattern of collaboration has also been identified. Outcomes of this study have emphasized the conduction of more research on the regenerative potential of SHED/DPSCs, and active collaboration among the tertiary institutes and industries for successful translation of these cells from bench side to bedside.

The unique properties of nanocelluloses (NCs), including nanodimension, renewability, low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy availability, and low cost, render them the ideal nanomaterials for diverse applications. Composite material consists of matrix material with low volume fraction and self-assembled NC fibers with a high volume fraction of reinforcing domain. These two-phase components are often combined to promote stiffness and improve toughness (by dissipating materials fracture energy). The challenge, however, is to control the alignment and distribution of NC within the matrix. Recent research has been focusing on the production of composites using different methodologies such as electrospun cellulose nanofibers, polymer-grafted NC, nanoparticle binding on NCs, assembly of NCs at the air/water and oil/water interfaces, protein-mediated interactions on NCs, and atomic layer deposition on NCs. In this case, NC serves as an appropriate candidate for composites preparation in comparison to the non-biodegradable nanofillers (e.g. carbon nanoclay and nanotube).

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the prior application of intracanal medicaments on the bond strength of OrthoMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) and iRoot SP to the root dentin. Materials and methods Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were standardized and prepared using ProTaper rotary files. The specimens were divided into a control group and two experimental groups receiving Diapex and Odontopaste medicament, either filled with iRoot SP or OrthoMTA, for 1 week. Each root was sectioned transversally, and the push-out bond strength and failure modes were evaluated. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U post hoc test. Results There was no significant difference between the bond strength of iRoot SP and OrthoMTA without medicaments and with the prior placement of Diapex (p value > 0.05). However, iRoot SP showed significantly higher bond strength with the prior placement of Odontopaste (p value 0.05) and between failure mode and root filling materials (p value > 0.05). The prominent failure mode for all groups was cohesive. Conclusion Prior application of Diapex has no effect on the bond strength of iRoot SP and OrthoMTA. However, Odontopaste improved the bond strength of iRoot SP. Clinical significance Dislodgment resistance of root canal filling from root dentin could be an indicator of the durability and prognosis of endodontic treated teeth.

Bioadhesives are gaining more and more interest in various biomedical and drug delivery markets primarily due to the advancement of the synthesis technique and fabrication technology. The performance of bioadhesive systems, derived from either synthetic and biological source, largely depends on the bioadhesion bonding state of the biopolymers which may be varied by their cross-linking properties, chain length, and presence of various functional groups. Due to its biocompatibility, it can get in close contact with the biologic substrate or adhere to the biological surface (mucoadhesion). Thus, bioadhesives, also often called mucoadhesive, can be practically exploited in the various biomedical application (e.g. wound healing, blood restrainer and surgical suture) as well as in drug delivery system (e.g. hydrogel, nano- or microcapsules and membrane bioadhesive). Therefore, in this chapter, bioadhesion mechanism was briefly discussed. We also presented various synthesis methods and recent advances in bioadhesive technologies for abovementioned application.

The present study investigates the development of methyl cellulose (MC)-sodium alginate (SA)-montmorillonite (MMT) clay based bionanocomposite films with interesting wound healing properties. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the composite films revealed presence of single glass transition temperature (Tg) confirming the miscible nature of the ternary blended films. The increase in MMT ratio in the composite films reduced the mobility of biopolymer chains (MC/SA) which increased the Tg of the film. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that dispersion of clay (MMT) at nano level significantly delayed the weight loss that correlated with higher thermal stability of the composite films. It was observed that the developed films were able to exhibit antimicrobial activity against four typical pathogenic bacteria found in the presence of wound. The developed films were able to significantly inhibit (10 mg/ml) the growth of Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro scratch assay indicated potential wound closure activities of MC-2-4 bionanocomposite films at their respective highest subtoxic doses. In conclusion, these ternary bionanocomposite films were found to be promising systems for wound healing applications.