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A tsunami disaster threatens Ende City. Ende City's coastal area management policy regarding disaster mitigation must consider coastal typology. Efforts to reduce the risk of tsunamis must pay attention to the physical development of coastal land to maintain the coastal resources. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the level of tsunami susceptibility based on coastal typology in the coastal area of Ende City. The methods used in this research are survey and spatial analysis. The survey results were compared with literature studies to determine coastal typology and land use. Spatial analysis uses overlay, scoring, and weighting techniques to produce tsunami susceptibility levels. Geospatial parameters that determine the level of susceptibility are topography, distance from the coastline, slope, distance from rivers, and coastal morphology. Susceptibility analysis is carried out for each coastal typology because each has a different response to tsunami. The research results show five classes of tsunami susceptibility: very susceptibility, susceptibility, somewhat susceptibility, safe, and very safe. Very susceptible areas are marine deposition coast typology, anthropogenic coast typology, and sub-area deposition coast typology. The secure areas are wave erosion coast typology and volcanic coast typology. Keywords: Coastal City of Ende, Coastal Typology, Tsunami, Susceptibility, Land Use.

Indonesia is considered one of the biggest archipelagic countries in the world. According to some literature, Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands, most of which are classified as small islands. Some of these islands have become important areas for tourism, for instance, small islands in Karimunjawa. However, some of these islands experienced shoreline changes caused by erosion and accretion. Hence, this research aims to map the spatial distribution of shoreline change using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) add-in on ArcGIS. The primary dataset utilized as input consists of Sentinel 2A imagery captured over 2017 and 2022. The results showed that around 89 segments, or 51.47% of the total shoreline segments, tend to experience accretion, while the remaining 79 segments, or 45.93%, experience erosion. This finding suggests that most shoreline segments tend to accrete or seaward movement in the research area. The results of this study exhibit notable disparities when compared to the occurrences observed in Pandeglang (Banten), Kuwaru (Yogyakarta), Buleleng (Bali), and East Java Province, where coastal erosion prevails over accretion. The managers of the islands try to reduce the threat of erosion by constructing dykes and breakwaters. However, these buildings are ineffective due to the relatively simple structures and building materials. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the type and specification of mitigation buildings that are suitable for implementation in that location.

Here, we assess land use/land cover (LULC) transitions over the last 30 years in Jakarta, Indonesia. Land cover maps were prepared for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 using seven categories of Landsat satellite image: bare land, built-up, cropland, green area, mangrove, water body, and pond. LULC changes were assessed through intensity analyses at the interval and transition levels. LULC changes were initially rapid (1990–1995) and then more gradual (1995–2000, 2000–2005, and 2005–2010). Unlike in previous intervals, annual changes were uniformly distributed over time in 2010–2015 and 2015–2020. Driven by high population and economic growth, built-up land was identified as an active gainer in all intervals except 2010–2015. Alongside built-up areas, cropland was the main supplier of other categories, including bare land, pond, built-up, and green areas. The largest transition area occurred in pond and green areas during 2005–2010 and in built-up land during 2015–2020. High demand for built-up land was observed in land changes driven by high population growth triggered by economic necessity. Economic and population growth exhibited a positive correlation (R2 = 0.78, t = 9.996). This study elucidates spatiotemporal LULC transition patterns over 30 years in a rapidly growing city.

Indonesia, which is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, has at least 100 active volcanoes that are spread among more than 17,000 islands. Several active volcanoes are located on small islands, so they require a greater effort in relation to disaster management, especially those related to volcano activities. However, research on the identification of small volcanic islands has not been widely carried out in Indonesia. This study tries to fill the gap using a geomorphological aspect approach, which consists of morphology, morphogenesis, morphochronology, and morphoaransement, to identify small volcanic islands in North Maluku Province. Literature review and spatial data collection were carried out to determine the parameters used in the identification of small volcanic islands. Based on the literature review, this study uses 5 (five) parameters, namely the island area, the type of material, the location / morphoaransement, the pattern of river flow, and the features of the landforms which include the presence of volcanic landform (morphochronology), slope, and morphology. Based on the spatial analysis using these 5 parameters, information is obtained that there are at least 6 of the 17 islands that meet the criteria to be called small volcanic islands in North Maluku. Data on small volcanic islands and their characteristics are important information to educate the public and improve preparedness. Keywords: morphology, morphogenesis, morphochronology, morphoaransement, small volcanic islands

This research aims to identify the effect of tides on groundwater level fluctuation in Gili Ketapang Island by using a combination of field monitoring and hydrodynamic modeling. Groundwater data were collected from 5 July to 17 August 2018 from two wells monitoring, while the hydrodynamic model was adopted to identify sea-level conditions. The result explains the sea level around the island is similar among extremely strong correlations between the points. The hydrodynamic model proves a standing wave due to tidal amplification in Madura Strait waters. The effect of tides on the groundwater level characterized by decreasing in amplitudes and time lags as increasing the distance from the coast.

The research set out to analyze coastal typology characteristics and ecotourism development through geomorphosite assessments and suggest fitting management strategies in East Lombok, Indonesia. In this research, the connection between ecotourism potentials and coastal typologies was investigated. The methods of this research were conducted using a combination of GIS-based analysis and field surveys. Geomorphosites were assessed from several facets or attributes: scientific and intrinsic, educational, economic, conservation, and added values. The analysis results showed that two coastal geomorphosites could be developed into ecotourism spots, as supported by East Lombok’s regional planning to promote ecotourism in its tourism branding. In addition, the sites are suggested to develop local products as a part of their attractiveness. Another finding is that the coastal typology has a strong connection to the scoring result, especially the scientific-intrinsic and conservation values.

The increasing interest of tourists over the last few decades in the Pemuteran Tourism Area has become a major challenge in its management and sustainability. The dive centers located in this area offer business services such as diving and snorkeling, which are the leading tourism activities in Pemuteran. These centers also experience various changes that are rel ated to business operations and conservation strategies. This study aims to (1) determine the characteristics of these centers in the Pemuteran marine tourism area, (2) analyze the network pattern between these centers in these areas, and (3) formulate a sustainable tourism developmental strategy. In addition, the study made use of a descriptive and qualitative research method. The data used was collected through semi-structured census interviews on the entire population of the dive centers in the Pemuteran marine tourism area. The results show that the collaboration network between dive centers in Pemuteran is a centralized collaboration. Furthermore, this collaboration occured in both operational and conservational activities. The nationality of the owner and the year in which the centers were established, are factors that influence the collaboration of dive centers in Pemuteran. Conclusively, optimizing the role of the government, and the involvement of local communities around Pemuteran is an important task needed in developing sustainable Pemuteran diving tourism.

In this article, airborne broadband (maximum 400 MHz bandwidth) C-band circularly polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is proposed and developed for further study on airborne compact polarized synthetic aperture radar (CP SAR) system using circular polarization. This article explains the scattering characteristic of circular polarization as the concept of circularly polarized SAR, system configuration, RF system and antenna, ground test, and flight test of circularly polarized SAR in Hinotori-C2 (Firebird-C2) mission onboard CN235MPA aircraft on 14 and 15 March 2018 at South Celebes, Indonesia. The result of the flight test depicts multipath full polarimetric circularly polarized images that show good performance of circularly polarized SAR and matched well to the result of the ground test of a multipolarized single pulse. The circularly polarized scattering clarification using trihedral, cylindrical, and omni corner reflectors (TCR, CCR, and OCR), assessment of circularly polarized image analysis, and image classification using the conventional axial ratio (AR), ellipticity (ε), and polarization ratio (ρ) are discussed. The proposed circularly polarized SAR will enrich the existing CP SAR systems and could be employed in further study of CP SAR calibration technique, also applications development for the environment and disaster monitoring using CP SAR.

Air tanah pesisir memiliki potensi kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran tinggi, hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh penyusun batuan bersifat porus. Selain faktor porusnya sifat batuan melolosakan air tanah, batugamping juga memiliki potensi kerentanan tinggi dengan media celah atau rekah dalam menyimpan dan melolosakan air tanah dengan percepatan pergerakan air tanah yang tinggi. Semakin cepat batuan mengalirkan air di dalam tanah, maka berpotensi tinggi dalam menyebarkan sumber pencemar di dalam sistem akuifer. Kecamatan Tanjungbumi berada di pesisir dengan batuan penysun didominasi oleh pasiran dan batugamping (Formasi Madura). Secara litologi akuifer, terdiri atas 70,3 % akuifer batugamping dan 29,7 % akuiufer pasiran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan zona kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran pada akuifer pesisir dengan penyusun batuan dominan batugamping. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan analisis spasial multi kriteria dengan pendekatan DRASTIC. Metode DRASTIC dapat merepresentarikan kerentanan air tanah dengan pendekatan hidrogeologi. Paramater yang digunakan antara lain depth to water / kedalaman muka air tanah (D), recharge / imbuhan air (R), aquifer / jenis akufer (A), soil media / tekstur tanah (S), topography / kemiringan lereng (T), impact of vadose zone media / jenis zona tak jenuh (I), dan conductivity hydraulic / konduktivitas hidraulis akuifer (C). Parameter yang digunakan mempunyai pengaruh dalam menentukan kerentanan yang dibedakan dengan nilai dan nilai bobot. Pendekatan parameter bobot tinggi memberikan informasi faktor yang paling berpengaruh mempengaruhi kerentanan air tanah. Perhitungan hasil skor total diperoleh dari perhitungan linier seluruh parameter, kemudian klasifikasikan kelas kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerentanan air tanah multikriteria menghasilkan lima tingkat kerentanan air tanah terhadap pencemaran. Kerentanan sangat rendah 2,18 km2 (3,20 %), kerentanan rendah seluas 10,01 km2 (14,69 %), kerentanan sedang seluas 45,74 km2 (67,11 %), kerentanan tinggi seluas 7,22 km2 (10,59 %), dan kerentanan sangat tinggi dengan luas 3 km2 (4,40%) dari luas kecamatan Tanjungbumi. Abstract Coastal groundwater has the potential for groundwater vulnerability to high pollution, this is influenced by porous rock constituents. In addition to the porous factor of groundwater, limestone also has a high potential for vulnerability to the medium of gaps or fractures in storing and releasing groundwater with a high acceleration of groundwater movement. The faster the rock drains water in the soil, the higher the potential for spreading pollutants in the aquifer system. Tanjungbumi Subdistrict is located on the coast with the rock formation dominated by sand and limestone (Madura Formation). In terms of aquifer lithology, it consists of 70,3 % limestone aquifer and 29.7% sandwater aquifer. Purpose of this study was to determine the zone of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in coastal aquifers with limestone dominant rock constituents. To achieve this goal, a multi-criteria spatial analysis using the DRASTIC approach was carried out. The DRASTIC method can represent groundwater vulnerability with a hydrogeological approach. The parameters used include depth to water (D), recharge (R), aquifer (A), soil media (S), topography (T), impact of vadose zone media (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The parameters used have an influence in determining the vulnerability which is differentiated by the value and weight value. The high weight parameter approach provides information on the factors that most influence the vulnerability of groundwater. The calculation of the total score is obtained from a linear calculation of all parameters, then classify the groundwater vulnerability class to pollution. The results showed that multi-criteria groundwater vulnerability resulted in five levels of groundwater vulnerability to pollution. Very low vulnerability is 2,18 km2 (3,20 %), low vulnerability is 10,01 km2 (14,69 %), medium vulnerability is 45,74 km2 (67,11 %), high vulnerability is 7,22 km2 (10,59 %), and very high vulnerability with an area of 3 km2 (4,40 %) of the area of Tanjungbumi district.

Pasirkratonkramat Sub-District is located in West Pekalongan District, Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia. This location has been affected by tidal floods since 2016. Tidal floods have caused a decrease in environmental quality. The method used for this research is a descriptive survey research with an ecological approach. This paper presents the quality of the biophysical environment and social quality. The biophysical environment consists of water quality, soil quality, air quality. The water quality showed that Pollution Index (PI) of surface water is 5,15 (medium pollution), PI of Clean water (Residents’ well waters) is 5,09 (medium pollution) and PI of Clean Water is 2,20 (light pollution). Water quality analyzed by parameters Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, BOD, COD, Total Phosphate as P, Chrome (Cr) (VI), Copper Cu, Nitrite as N, Free chlorine, Sulfur as H2S, Oil and fat, Detergent as MBAS, Fecal Coliform, Total Coliform, Chloride, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Water hardness (CaCO3), and Organic substance (KMnO4). The soil of quality decreased because of inundating sea water, the chemical and physical composition cannot support paddy or plants to grow, even they cannot survive because of salinity and decreasing minerals. The air quality showed that the average Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is 28.74 which mean that 100% of subjects feel uncomfortable. Meanwhile the social quality consists of various activities.

Pekalongan City, particularly North Pekalongan District, lies adjacently to the Java Sea. This situation shapes the vulnerability of the District to tidal floods, which have been occurring since 2005. Tidal floods negatively affect the community, as well as the inundated environment. Since 2016, the flooding has reached the areas in Pekalongan Barat District, especially Pasirkratonkramat Sub-District. It affected 1,435 households distributed in 13 Community Units. This research analyzed the community perception of the quality of the environment inundated by tidal floods, including the biophysical and the socio-economic environments. It used questionnaire and performed interviews with 93 heads of household as the respondents, as well as field observation that produced qualitative data of environmental quality. The results of this research presented the tidal flood-affected community’s perception of environmental quality, which was determined by education, income, and length of residence in tidal flood-prone locations. Furthermore, the results of community’s perception of environmental quality analyses using measuring instruments and statistical tests, i.e., chi-square test and binary logistic regression, supported the research analysis.

The government of Indonesia has faced several challenges to its goal of achieving salt self-sufficiency, necessitating the formulation and implementation of strategic steps to increase salt production. Among its islands, Java has a great deal of potential for salt production, as does the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where the government has initiated salt farming development as part of its coastal community empowerment program. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the land suitability of existing salt farms and (2) identify potential sites and make a productivity estimation of salt farms in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, with the broad objective of demonstrating a rapid land assessment for salt farming development using the combination GIS and field survey. The approach was carried out in three phases; i.e., the analyses of land availability, land characteristics, and land recommendations. On-screen digitizing using GIS was applied to identify land availability through several data sources (satellite imagery and a land-use map from the Indonesian topographic map). This process led to the discovery of 19 sites. Land characteristics and land recommendations analysis were carried out in those sites, resulting in multiple land suitability classes, mostly in the S2 class (moderately suitable). Several impediment factors, such as wind, material texture, and temperature, were also identified, along with other obstacles including high tide and tsunami exposure. In terms of supporting the Indonesian salt self-sufficiency program, these results are significant, with salt productivity estimations of the potential sites meeting the target set by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia.

This is the first study discussing the dynamics of two caldera-forming eruptions in the Banda volcanic complex (BVC) in the marine conservation zone of Banda, Maluku, Indonesia. The first and second caldera episodes are, hereafter, termed as Banda Besar and Naira, respectively. The formation of Banda Besar caldera (ca. 8 × 7 km) ejected homogeneous rhyolitic magmas (bulk-rock, 73.1–73.8 wt.% SiO2) in the following three stages: (1) sub-Plinian (BB-5a), (2) intra-sub-Plinian flow (BB-5b), and (3) caldera collapse (BB-5c and BB-5d). The BB-5a stage produced a reversely graded white pumice fall layer with moderate lithics (2–11%), which originated from a sub-Plinian eruption with an estimated plume height of 22–23 km. Subsequently, intensive erosion of wall rock (13–25%) causes conduit enlargement, leading to the partial collapse of the eruption columns, forming intra-sub-Plinian flow deposits (BB-5b). It is likely that conduit size surpassed the minimum threshold value for a buoyant plume during the final phase of the second stage, causing the complete formation of a pumice-rich pyroclastic density current (PDC) during the early-third stage (BB-5c). Finally, the evacuation of voluminous magma from the reservoir yields the first caldera collapse during the late-third stage, producing a lithic-dominated PDC with minor pumices (BB-5d). The formation of the Naira caldera (ca. 3 × 3 km) ejected homogeneous dacitic magmas (bulk-rock, 66.2–67.2 wt.% SiO2) in the following three stages: (1) early sub-Plinian (N-2a and 2b), (2) late sub-Plinian (N-2c, 2d, 2e), and (3) caldera collapse (N-2f). This research distinguishes the sub-Plinian into two stages on the basis of different vent locations (assumed from the isopach map). In particular, this research suggests that the early sub-Plinian stage (N-2a and 2b) erupted from the northern vent, producing 14 and 8 km eruption plume heights, respectively. Additionally, the late sub-Plinian stage (N-2c, 2d, 2e) was generated from a newly-formed conduit located in the relatively southern position, producing 12–17, 9, and 6 km eruption plume heights, respectively. Conduit enlargement is expected to occur during at both sub-Plinian stages, as lithic portions are considerably high (10–72%) and ultimately generate PDCs during the third stage (caldera collapse; N-2f). Because most of the erupted materials (for both caldera-forming eruptions) are emplaced in the ocean, estimating the erupted volume becomes difficult. However, with the assumption that the caldera dimension represents the erupted volume of magma (Vmagma), and that the total erupted volume (Vtotal) is a summation of Vmagma and the now-vanished pre-caldera island (Vvanished, represented by average lithic fractions), the first and second caldera might produce (at least) 35.2 and 2.4 km3 of erupted materials, scaling them as VEI (volcano explosivity index) 6 and 5, respectively. That VEI is more than enough to initiate a secondary hazard in the form of tsunamis triggered by volcanic activities.

The zone of Losari Coast is an icon of Makassar city, however increase activity of surrounding communities causes a decrease in the water quality. Meiofauna is an effective benthic organism used as an indicator of water quality. This study assessed the meiofauna abundance and physical-chemical parameters as water quality indicator in the Losari Coast, Makassar. The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling. The resuts showed that total meiofauna abundance identified was 66791 indv.m-2, composed of 12 phylum and 91 species or genera. Stations at the estuary of the Jeneberang and Tallo River are two sites with high level of abundance, this condition allows presence of organic contaminants triggers the high growth of meiofauna in these locations. Dissolved Oxygen is below its supposed level in waters. Acidity, phosphate and nitrate content at some of research stations exceed the threshold of their allowed presence in waters set by Indonesia government. Ostracoda, oligochaeta, polychaeta, tunicata and ciliophora are phylums with a high level of abundance, because the phylum has high adaptability to pollutant. Good water quality is indicated by a variety of biota living in the waters, the range of diversity and uniformity indices shows that meiofauna species are categorized highly diverse and evenly distributed. The dominance index shows that there is no species was dominant, except stations around Losari reclamation project. Temperature, current velocity, depth, brightness, salinity, pH, DO, nitrate-seawater, and phosphate-seawater correlate with meiofauna abundance. The results as a consideration for the management or monitoring of coastal environments.

The coastal zone of Losari Beach is located in a strategic position and rich in potential coastal resources, but the high density of human activities has decreased the quality of the surrounding waters.This study aimed to examine water quality based on meiofauna abundance and pollution index in the coastal zone of Losari Beach, Makassar. It employed a quantitative descriptive approach with purposive sampling method. The identified total meiofauna abundance was117,176 individuals/m2consisting of 138 species from 13 phyla. Ostracoda, olygochaeta, sarcomastigophora, ciliophora, and polychaetawere phyla with the highest abundance because of their high adaptability to polluted aquatic conditions. Meanwhile, tardigrada and aelosomatidaewere found in very low abundance because both phyla only thrive in pollution-free environments and have a pattern of high migration flow from one habitat to another. As for aelosomatidae, the habitat of its speciesis limitedto brackish or saline waters. A good-quality aquatic environment is a habitat for all benthic organisms and enables their even distribution. It explains the discovery of true and temporary meiofauna with uniform or even compositions in the bottom of the waters. The waters in the coastal zone of Losari Beach are heavily polluted. The stationslocated around the traditional Paotere harbor, hotels, restaurants, Losari Beach Platforms, the waste disposal outlets of Stella Maris Hospital, Fort Rotterdam canals, and Jeneberang River mouthhad very high pollution index. Some of these stations had low meiofauna abundance levels, and the poor water quality in their surroundings was caused by anthropogenic activity. Even though the area around TanjungMerdeka Beach had relatively low pollution index, it was categorized as severely contaminated because the index score was >10.

Abstrak Pemantauan garis pantai akibat adanya proses akresi dan abrasi merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menjaga batas wilayah wilayah di Kabupaten Kendal. Lima multitemporal citra Landsat 7 ETM+ dalam periode tahun 20 tahun (2000-2020) digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan garis pantai di Kabupaten Kendal.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan garis pantai dan menganalisis dampak serta upaya mitigasi dalam menangani perubahan garis pantai di Kabupaten Kendal. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan garis pantai dengan metode Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), dan Linear Regression Rate-of-Change (LRR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi dari Linear Regression Rate-of-Change (LRR) selama periode 20 tahun adalah sebesar 50,9 m/tahun sedangkan nilai terendah sebesar -35,81 meter/tahun. Nilai rata-rata EPR dan NSM selama periode 20 tahun adalah sebesar -0,07 m/tahun dan -1,14 meter. Berdasarkan studi ini, dampak dari perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan abrasi dan akresi adalah adanya peningkatan dan penurunan luas wilayah. Bentuk mitigasi perubahan garis pantai di Kabupaten Kendal yakni dengan pembangunan breakwater dan penanaman hutan mangrove. Abstract Monitoring shoreline change due to accretion and abrasion processes is one of the efforts to protect the maritime boundary of Kendal Regency. Five multi-temporal Landsat 7 ETM + images spanning 20 years (2000-2020) is used in the tudy for the analysis of shoreline change in Kendal Regency. This study aims to investigate the shoreline change, analyze the impact, and propose mitigation of shoreline change in Kendal Regency as well. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is utilized for the analysis of the shoreline change through Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate-of-Change (LRR). The result shows that the highest value of the Linear Regression Rate (LRR) for 20 years is 50.09 m/year and the lowest value of LRR is -35.81 m/year. The average EPR and NSM are -0.07 m/years and -1.14 m. From this study, it can be observed that the impact of shoreline change induced by accretion and abrasion are the addition and subtraction of the predetermined area. The impacts can be mitigated by building breakwaters and planting mangroves.

The existence of high-spatial resolution imagery that are now available free by Planet Labs opens up opportunities in detailed scale mapping research, both as basic data and as reference data for geometry accuracy assessment. However, the use of several satellite sensors types with different recording times is the biggest obstacle in the use of high spatial resolution imagery as reference data because the shoreline instantaneous imaging at the data acquisition time does not consider the spatial and temporal variability of the shoreline boundaries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of tidal correction on shoreline mapping in Jepara Regency using Landsat 8 OLI imagery in 2018. The effect of tidal correction analysis is done by comparing the position of the shoreline corrected by tides with the shoreline that is not corrected for tides. The influence of tidal correction is marked by differences in the position of the two shorelines. Shoreline shift calculation when there is a difference in tidal conditions between the test shoreline and the reference shoreline is carried out using the theory of right triangle (also called as one-line shift method). Based on the analysis of tidal correction effects, it is known that the shift in shoreline position after tidal correction varies from 0.21 m to 1.8 m, the value does not exceed one pixel of the PlanetScope image (3 m) so that tidal correction does not needs to be done because the effect is insignificant and undetectable on PlanetScope imagery. Keywords: tidal correction, shoreline, Planetscope, Landsat 8 OLI, Jepara

Abstrak Pulau Koral Pramuka merupakan salah satu pulau yang memiliki fungsi strategis sebagai Ibukota Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Pembangunan yang terus berlangsung untuk mendukung fungsi sebagai ibukota sekaligus sebagai tujuan wisata menjadikan pertumbuhan penduduk tinggi dan kebutuhan akan sumberdaya air terus meningkat. Kondisi demikian dapat menyebabkan ancaman intrusi air laut menjadi semakin tinggi karena jumlah pengambilan airtanah akan semakin bertambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak intrusi air laut terhadap airtanah di Pulau Koral Pramuka. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis daya hantar listik (DHL) airtanah serta perbandingan ion klorida dan ion karbonat dalam airtanah. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai DHL, kandungan ion klorida dan bikarbonat yang diambil dari sampel airtanah. Sampel diambil secara sistematis berdasarkan grid berukuran 100 meter x 150 meter. Total sampel airtanah adalah sejumlah 23 sampel. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa 15 sampel airtanah menunjukkan bahwa intrusi telah berpengaruh cukup besar terhadap airtanah, sedangkan 8 sampel menunjukkan bahwa intrusi telah berpengaruh besar terhadap airtanah di Pulau Koral Pramuka. Abstract Pramuka Cay, one of the islands in Kepulauan Seribu Regency, Jakarta, has a strategic role as the capital district. The constant development, which aims to support the functions as a capital district and a tourist destination, persistently increases population growth and, at the same time, demand for water resource. This condition may intensify the threats of seawater intrusion as it induces a higher groundwater withdrawal. This research aimed to identify the impact of seawater intrusion on groundwater in Pramuka Cay using electrical conductivity (EC) analysis and comparison analysis of the chloride and bicarbonate ions in the groundwater. The research data, including EC and the concentration of chloride and bicarbonate ions, were obtained from groundwater samples. The 23 samples were selected systematically from 100x150 m2 grids. The analysis of 15 samples found a rather significant impact of seawater intrusion on groundwater, whereas the test results on the remaining 8 samples showed that seawater intrusion had affected the groundwater in Pramuka Cay considerably.

Endowed with rapidly changing physical and socio-economic conditions, Semarang City in Central Java Province serves as an interesting case study of Indonesia’s urban transformation. Secondary data, coupled with field observations and in-depth interviews with key informants and experts, were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods to show complex variations in urban evolution between Semarang’s numerous districts, with changes occurring much faster in some locations than in others. We show that urbanisation proceeds most rapidly where vacant open spaces and investment in various kinds of new public infrastructure are dominant, especially in such districts as Tembalang, Gunungpati, Genuk and Pedurungan. In contrast, transformation processes operate more slowly in Semarang’s saturated inner core.

Data and land resource information complete, accurate, and current is an input in management planning, evaluation, and monitoring Watershed. Implementation of this research is conducted with optimum utilization of secondary data that is supported by direct field measurement data, digitalizing the maps associated, Geographic Information Systems modeling, and model calibration. This research has resulted in a Geographic Information System Management of potential Watershed GIS Web-based or abbreviated WEB GIS MPPDAS using Palopo watershed area, South Sulawesi as a case study sites for the development of a prototype that consists of three applications the main website ie Web Portal, Web GIS, and Web Tutorial. The system is built to show online (and offline) maps watershed in the administrative area of Palopo along with the location of its potential accumulated in the four (4) groups of layers, including groups of main layer (2 layer), a group of base layer (14 layers), groups of thematic layers (12 layers), a group of policy layer (8 layer). In addition to display a map, use the WEB application of GIS MPPDAS can also use tools or controls in the application to perform analyzes in its monitoring and evaluation, including: Geocoding, Add layer, Digitizing, Selection, Measurements, Graph, Filtering, Geolocation, Overlay cartographic, and etc.

Animal wastes present in the form of manure, urine, feed, hatchery by product, blood, feather, bone, horn, and rumen material. Unmanaged animal waste contributes to environment problems. Animal wastes consist of nitrogen, phosphate, pathogen and organic material. Over absorption of nitrogen affect to melkomoglobinemia, meanwhile eutrophication happened due to over phosphate on the water bodies. Pathogen cause infection and diseases, and furthermore less oxygen due to over organic material in water decreasing fish population. Applying feed enzyme may increase availability of nutrition, performance, and decrease pollution impact due to manure. Well-management of livestock take consideration of environmental aspects, such as awareness of environment risk, balancing nutrition content of the waste animal, waste management, neighbor awarness, understand and obeying the regulation, and consider to the physical factors and applying land evaluation for livestock-site selection. This article responds to the impact of livestock on the environment and discusses factors related to environmental friendly of livestock management.

The multiplying number of population in the City of Yogyakarta has resulted in a larger volume of wastes in the region. People living on the riverbanks are unfortunately in the habit of discarding domestic waste directly to the river channel, worsening the already polluted water. This study was intended to analyze the characteristics of the municipal wastewater contaminating Belik River. During the water quality test, a rapid investigation method and laboratory analysis were employed. The sampling in the field was based on river segments and travel time of river water. Based on the laboratory test results, the concentrations of phosphate, BOD, and COD in the water bodies had exceeded the standard for Class II water quality indicating pollution due to frequent disposal of household wastes like detergents. The higher the BOD and COD levels, the more unsuitable the water for fisheries and agricultural practices.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis potensi dan kondisi sumberdaya untuk kesesuaian dan daya dukung kawasan wisata pesisir, (2) menganalisis kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat pesisir kawasan wisata, (3) menganalisis preferensi visual lanskap wisatawan terhadap estetika kawasan wisata dan (4) menyusun strategi pengembangan kawasan Pantai Angin Mamiri dan Tanjung Bayang Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan studi literatur untuk mengumpulkan data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dalam analisis Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata, Daya Dukung Kawasan, Jejak Ekologis Wisatawan dan Estimasi Estetika Lanskap. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam analisis kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan analisis SWOT untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan kawasan wisata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks kesesuaian wisata pesisir pada Pantai Angin Mamiri termasuk kategori sangat sesuai (S1) dan Pantai Tanjung Bayang kategori sesuai (S2). Nilai daya dukung kawasan masih potensial dikembangkan. Jejak ekologis wisatawan menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada komponen makanan, kemudian transportasi, akomodasi dan sampah. Tingkat pendidikan dan penghasilan masyarakat pelaku wisata masih rendah dan sebagian besar merupakan penduduk sekitar. Preferensi Visual Lanskap wisatawan menunjukkan nilai yang rendah hingga sedang pada lanskap dengan komponen non alami dan alami serta tinggi pada tutupan lahan dengan komponen alami. Rekomendasi strategi pengembangan obyek wisata yaitu pemanfaatan potensi sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan wisata secara optimal, dan mengoptimalkan kerjasama antara Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM) Tanjung Merdeka dan Pemerintah dalam pengelolaan limbah, peningkatan aksesibilitas serta pembangunan sarana prasarana wisata dengan tetap memperhatikan kelestarian dan kebersihan lingkungan pantai.

Bencana gempabumi mengakibatkan kerusakan bangunan dan infrastruktur. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pemetaan bangunan dan infrastruktur yang menjadi elemen berisiko gempabumi. Dikarenakan daerah yang terdampak gempabumi di indonesia sangatlah luas maka pemetaan bangunan dan infrastruktur memerlukan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan mampu memetakan bangunan dan infrastruktur lebih efisien. Klasifikasi penggunaan lahan dengan pendekatan berbasis piksel memiliki kelemahan yaitu mengabaikan aspek spasial, munculnya “salt and papper” dan kurang menunjukan otomatis ketika diintegrasikan dengan SIG. Kelemahan klasifikasi berbasis piksel tersebut dilengkapi pada klasifikasi berbasis objek. Penelitian ini bertujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kemampuan klasifikasi berbasis objek dengan menggunakan citra ALOS pansharpening dalam memetakan bangunan dan infrastruktur yang berisiko gempabumi. Metode yang digunakan dalam klasifikasi berbasis objek dengan klasifikasi hierarkis rule-based dengan segmentasi multiresolusi. Metode ini memanfaatkan algoritma hierarchical classification dan logika fuzzy yang disusun dalam rule-set ditiap kelas penggunaan lahan. Logika fuzzy digunakan untuk menentukan nilai keanggotaan fitur-fitur objek yang digunakan dalam identifikasi objek dalam citra. Fitur-fitur objek yang digunakan adalah gabungan dari aspek spektral dan tekstur atau GLCM. Nilai fitur-fitur objek diekstrak dari sempel area berdasarkan segmentasi multiresolusi dengan citra multispektral AVNIR-2 pansharpening. Selanjutnya hasil klasifikasi penggunaan lahan diseleksi subkelas area terbangunan dimanfaatkan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial bangunan yang berisiko gempabumi. Hasil dari klasifikasi menunjukan tingkat akurasi yang rendah dimana akurasi keseluruhan yang dihasilkan adalah 65.4% dan akurasi klasifikasi untuk subkelas area terbangun juga rendah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurang efektiknya klasifikasi hierarkis pada daerah penggunaan lahan dengan heterogenitas yang tinggi, distorsi citra AVNIR-2 pansharpening sebagai sumber data. Dan penggunaan 1 skala segmentasi untuk semua kelas di level 4 klasifikasi mempengaruhi rendahnya akurasi klasifikasi berbasis objek.

River is a first transportation for connection city to village and central for economic community. Nowadays, land transportation is a trend for connection city to village. River transportation have been not priority, due to land transportation more easy to access, low cost and faster rather than river transportation. River have been not priority for infrastructure and river is a backward. River is facing serious problems such as physical and environmental problem. River are still occupy for lower income people as a reason house can built by themselves and close to work location with a location in green belt area. Thispaper try to arguehow is a problem in river transportation. The location of this research is Kahayan River, Palangkaraya City. This research aim is to reveal of potential of river transportation and unique of moda transportation will be revitalize of Kahayan riverside area of Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan.River is a first transportation for connection city to village and central for economic community. Nowadays, land transportation is a trend for connection city to village. River transportation have been not priority, due to land transportation more easy to access, low cost and faster rather than river transportation. River have been not priority for infrastructure and river is a backward. River is facing serious problems such as physical and environmental problem. River are still occupy for lower income people as a reason house can built by themselves and close to work location with a location in green belt area. Thispaper try to arguehow is a problem in river transportation. The location of this research is Kahayan River, Palangkaraya City. This research aim is to reveal of potential of river transportation and unique of moda transportation will be revitalize of Kahayan riverside area of Palangkaraya City, Central Kalimantan.

This study aims to determine the typology, dynamics and potential disasters in the coastal area of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Province. The results showed that the typology formed in the coastal region is structurally shaped karst Gunungkidul coast, Wave Erotion Coast, marine deposition coast, coast erosion land, coast and sub-aerial deposition of man-made coastal typology. Coastal dynamics that occur in karst Gunungkidul coastal areas affected by dominant geodinamic processes, hydrodynamic and antropodinamic. There are several potential disaster in the karst Gunungkidul coastal region, namely tsunami, rip currents, abrasion, and waves reflection.

Within the last decades, Kathmandu Valley in Nepal has been characterized by rapid population growth and related urbanization processes, leading to environmental degradation, pollution and supply bottlenecks in the metropolitan area. Effects of climate change are now putting additional stress on the urban system. In our research in Kathmandu, we carried out community and household surveys to analyze community perception on climate change and climate-related disaster preparedness. For this purpose, three categories of communities, 12 in all, were surveyed and interviewed: Squatter settlements, agricultural villages, and traditional villages. All settlements are located close to main rivers and therefore especially exposed to floods and droughts, and in slope position also to landslides. As a main result, we can conclude that people are generally aware of climate change and its potential consequences, such as climate change-related disasters. However, in their daily lives, climate change does not play a significant role and most communities have not taken any adaptation measures so far.

Local authorities require information on shoreline change for land use decision making. Monitoring shoreline changes is useful for updating shoreline maps used in coastal planning and management. By analysing data over a period of time, where and how fast the coast has changed can be determined. Thereby, we can prevent any development in high risk areas. This study investigated the transferability of a fuzzy classification of shoreline changes and to upscale towards a larger area. Using six sub areas, three strategies were used: (i) Optimizing two FCM (fuzzy c-means) parameters based on the predominant land use/cover of the reference subset, (ii) adopting the class mean and number of classes resulting from the classification of reference subsets to perform FCM on target subsets, and (iii) estimating the optimal level of fuzziness of target subsets. This approach was applied to a series of images to identify shoreline positions in a section of the northern Central Java Province, Indonesia which experienced a severe change of shoreline position over three decades. The extent of shoreline changes was estimated by overlaying shoreline images. Shoreline positions were highlighted to infer the erosion and accretion area along the coast, and the shoreline changes were calculated. From the experimental results, we obtained m (level of fuzziness) values in the range from 1.3 to 1.9 for the seven land use/cover classes that were analysed. Furthermore, for ten images used in this research, we obtained the optimal m = 1.8. For a similar coastal characteristic, this m value can be adopted and the relation between land use/cover and two FCM parameters can shorten the time required to optimise parameters. The proposed method for upscaling and transferring the classification method to a larger, or different, areas is promising showing κ (kappa) values > 0.80. The results also show an agreement of water membership values between the reference and target subsets indicated by κ > 0.82. Over the study period, the area exhibited both erosion and accretion. The erosion was indicated by changes into water and changes from non-water into shoreline were observed for approximately 78 km2. Accretion was due to changes into non-water and changes from water into shoreline for 19.5 km2. Erosion was severe in the eastern section of the study area, whereas the middle section gained land through reclamation activities. These erosion and accretion processes played an active role in the changes of the shoreline. We conclude that the method is applicable to the current study area. The relation between land use/cover classes and the value of FCM parameters produced in this study can be adopted.

Community resilience has become an important factor in a disaster mitigation plan. Resilience is related to the ability to recover from a disaster and is for every person different. This research intends to assess community resilience for flood disaster. Factors for quantifying community resilience were asked to respondents by giving questionnaire and interviewing them, and FGD was also done in order to generate flood map based on the community knowledge. The FGD result shows that the flood depth in the study area varies from 0 until 300 cm, and the duration of inundation varies from 1-7 days. Flood also caused losses, and the distribution of the losses was Rp. 0 - 100,000,000,- although, in general, the losses was merely below Rp. 2,000,000,-. Based on the weighting result, the resilience value of the respondent is distributed from 0.113 until 0.700. The average resilience value of Laban village is 0.403, and 0.368 for Kadokan village. The resilience value was mostly influenced by human capital. In order to increase the community resilience, government has established flood control devices and rehabilitated the dike along the river.

Having bay and gulf morphology as cresentic beach, Parangtritis coast has been known potentially threat by rip currents hazard. This study aims to identify and detect breaking waves region and surf zone on ALOS PALSAR images, and identify and extract the cove shape shoreline morphology of Parangtritis beach. ALOS PALSAR Fine Beam Single (FBS) HH polarization acquired on 2nd May 2007 and 17th June 2007, off nadir angle 34.3º, and in descending mode level 1.0 were utilized to derive amplitude information using Sigmasar. Shoreline morphology detection showed that the cusps system has not changed much during May to June 2007 when PALSAR images acquired, but might have shifted individually. The use of optical sensor with the same spatial resolution, ALOS AVNIR-2, supports to distinguish the boundary and determine the shoreline morphology of Parangtritis beach.

This study is applying qualitative analysis based on the multitemporal evidence for generating the expected-landslide hazard map. The study was carried out in San Lorenzo area, Sant' Arcangelo, Southern Italy. The main objectives of this study are: 1) to identify and generate old-landslide map year 1976 and recent-landslide map year 2002, and 2) to generate the expected hazard map based on multitemporal evidence. Interpretation of the aerial photographs has been used to determine the type of landslide and landslide activity in 1976, and fieldwork has been done to check type, of landslide and to determine the landslide activity in 2002. The comparison between activity 1976 and 2002 have been done in order to generate the expected hazard map. Most of the active landslide in 1976 and 2002 are complex and rockfalls type and only small part are spread; slide and flow. Some active landslides in 1976 are still active in 2002 and even inactive landslides in 1976 become active in 2002 and leading to the extended high and moderate hazard area.

The study area is located in the Sant'arcangelo region, Southern Italy. The area was developed from late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in the southern part of the Apenines chain. It has also been defined as a piggy back basin filled with siliciclastic deposits, controlled by sedimentary tectonic activity. This article aims to identify the geological condition and generating geomorphological map for San Lorenzo area using aerial photo (scale 1:15000) and Panchromatic SPOT image (Scale 1:66000). Image interpretation was also done to identify morphological, structural and processes. The Sant'Arcangelo region is composed of 4 cycles both marine and continental in origin, all deposited on different environments: The Caliandro, Agri, San Lorenzo and Sauro cycles. The study area consists of Sauro and San Lorenzo Cycle. Sauro Cycle is Comprises of three heterotrophic units deposited in sintectonic discordance over the Agri cycle. San Lorenzo Cycle lying in unconformity over the precedent cycles is consisting of three units, namely conglomerates on the base part as well as on the top part of the sequence, and silty clays in the intermediate part. They form a syncline structure which ax has a NW-SE direction. The main structural features are represented by the San Lorenzo syncline and the Alianello fault. The San Lorenzo area has three principal origins: alluvial, denudation, and structural. Due to the geological-tectonic complexity, the structural landform is normally found as structural denudational landform. San Lorenzo area comprises of 41 landform units, namely 3 units of alluvial landforni, 26 units of denudational landform and 11 units of structural denudational landform.

This study presents an unsupervised fuzzy c-means classification (FCM) to observe the shoreline positions. We combined crisp and fuzzy methods for change detection. We addressed two perspectives of uncertainty: (1) uncertainty that is inherent to shoreline positions as observed from remote sensing images due to its continuous variation over time; and (2) the uncertainty of the change results propagating from object extraction and implementation of shoreline change detection method. Unsupervised FCM achieved the highest kappa (κ) value when threshold (t) was set at 0.5. The highest κ values were 0.96 for the 1994 image. For images in 2013, 2014 and 2015, the κ values were 0.95. Further, images in 2003, 2002 and 2000 obtained 0.93, 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. Gradual and abrupt changes were observed, as well as a measure of change uncertainty for the observed objects at the pixel level. These could be associated with inundations from 1994 to 2015 at the northern coastal area of Java, Indonesia. The largest coastal inundations in terms of area occurred between 1994 and 2000, when 739 ha changed from non-water and shoreline to water and in 2003–2013 for 200 ha. Changes from water and shoreline to non-water occurred between 2000 and 2002 (186 ha) and in 2013–2014 (65 ha). Urban development in flood-prone areas resulted in an increase of flood hazards including inundation and erosion leading to the changes of shoreline position. The proposed methods provided an effective way to present shoreline as a line and as a margin with fuzzy boundary and its associated change uncertainty. Shoreline mapping and monitoring is crucial to understand the spatial distribution of coastal inundation including its trend.