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1. Glacial drainage development controls temporal and spatial fluctuations of sediment flux in Mont Blanc’s North face

Author

Guillon, Hervé, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Schwing, Arthur, and Buoncristiani, Jean-François

Subjects
Sediment response, Glacial erosion, Subglacial processes, Subglacial drainage, Hydro-sedimentary, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Present-day global warming raises important issues regarding sediment flux from glaciated catchments. The detrital export from such environments results from erosion processes operating in three geomorphic domains: the supraglacial rockwalls, the ice-covered substratum and the proglacial area, downstream from the glacier. The dominant process controlling present-day sediment export from glaciated catchments remains debated with most studies underlining the paraglacial dynamics in the glacier forefront. This study nuances these observations by quantifying the contribution from each geomorphic domain to the export of a glaciated catchment in the North face of Mont-Blanc (France). High resolution hydro-sedimentary flux data were acquired during eight years in two proglacial streams with contrasting glacio-hydrological characteristics, Bossons and Crosette streams. In the Bossons stream catchment, the sediment response highlights the initiation of the dendritic drainage network beneath the glacier, the short-lived evacuation of an annual storage during the early melt-season and its subsequent steadier regime. In addition, three years exhibit late melt season exports which are uncorrelated with temperature or rainfall. The evolution of the drainage network throughout the melt season explains the evacuation of the annual and pluri-annual subglacial sediment stocks. In addition, glacial retreat in link with higher melt rate allows for exporting a pluri-annual sediment stock stored beneath the glacier. To conclude, the present-day sediment response in Bossons catchment displays distinct components with characteristic timescales and is dampened by intermediate storage controlled by drainage development and extreme events in the glacial and proglacial domains.

Published
2022
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2. New perspectives in studying active faults in metropolitan France: the 'Active faults France' (FACT/ATS) research axis from the Resif-Epos consortium

Author

Ritz, Jean-François, Baize, Stéphane, Audin, Laurence, Authémayou, Christine, Graveleau, Fabien, Kaub, Caroline, Lacan, Pierre, Leclerc, Frédérique, Larroque, Christophe, Manchuel, Kevin, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Ortuño, Maria, Rizza, Magali, Vassallo, Riccardo, Antoine, Pierre, Arroucau, Pierre, Billant, Jérémy, Bollinger, Laurent, Ferry, Matthieu, Fillon, Charlotte, Geoffroy, Laurent, Jomard, Hervé, Le Roy, Pascal, Locht, Jean-Luc, Migeon, Sébastien, Perrin, Clément, Perrot, Julie, Ratzov, Gueorgui, Reicherter, Klaus, Soubigou, Olivier, Vergniault, Christophe, Viaplana-Muzas, Marc, and Van der Woerd, Jérôme

Subjects
FACT research axis (ATS-RESIF), Mainland France, Active fault, Paleoseismogy, Earthquake geology, Stable continental region, Plate interior, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809, Chemistry, QD1-999, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Mainland France is part of a plate interior with a strong structural heritage, undergoing a low rate of deformation, where destructive earthquakes can nevertheless occur. In this paper, we emphasize that the knowledge of active faults is still largely fragmentary, and that significant efforts are needed to generate robust data, in particular on the numerous faults, that still lack any study. This is the aim of the “Failles ACTives France” (FACT) axis launched in the framework of the Transverse Seismicity Action (ATS) of the Resif-Epos consortium. We present some recent investigations carried out along suspected active faults in mountainous areas, their forelands and remote lowlands, which implement new approaches and new tools, and allow characterizing their Quaternary activity.

Published
2022
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7. Preface

Author

Rao, N Purnachandra, Bürgmann, Roland, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Gahalaut, Vineet, and Pandey, Anand

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Published
2017

15. Recent and Present Deformation of the Western Himalaya

Author

JOUANNE, François, primary, MUGNIER, Jean‐Louis, additional, VASSALLO, Riccardo, additional, MUNAWAR, Naveed, additional, AHMED, Awais, additional, AWAN, Adnan Alam, additional, MALIK, Manzoor A., additional, and JAYANGONDAPERUMAL, Ramperu, additional

Published
2023
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26. Millennial‐scale deglaciation across the European Alps at the transition between the Younger Dryas and the Early Holocene - evidence from a new cosmogenic nuclide chronology

Author

Protin, Marie, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Mugnier, Jean‐louis, Buoncristiani, Jean‐François, Le Roy, Melaine, Pohl, Benjamin, Moreau, Luc, Aumaitre, Georges, Bourlès, Didier, Keddadouche, Karim, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-14-CE03-0006,VIP-Mont-Blanc,VItesses des Processus contrôlant les évolutions morphologiques et environnementales du massif du Mont Blanc(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Moraine, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Deglaciation, Physical geography, Younger Dryas, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Cosmogenic nuclide, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Teleconnection
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; Reconstructing the spatial and temporal response of mountain glaciers to rapid climate change in the past provides access to the effects of current climate change. Yet, the spatial and temporal variability of past glacier fluctuations is not fully understood. In this study, we focus on the timing of glacier fluctuations in the European Alps during the Younger Dryas/Early Holocene (YD/EH) transition. In an effort to elucidate whether glacier fluctuations were synchronous during this period, we present a new chronology of the Alpine Talèfre glacier, based on 14 new 10Be ages of moraines and roches moutonnées. The retreat of Talèfre glacier was initiated during the mid-YD (~12.4 ka), then it experienced a gradual retreat punctuated by at least three oscillations until ∼11 ka before shrinking substantially within its Little Ice Age limits (13th−19th centuries). Comparison of our findings with published glacier chronologies in the Alpine region highlights broadly synchronous behaviour of glaciers across the Alps between 12 and 10 ka. The coeval glacier fluctuations at a regional scale suggest that common regional climate conditions had a major impact on Alpine glacier variations during the YD/EH transition. The similarity of glacier behaviour and independent temperature records in both the Alpine region and the northern high latitudes suggests a teleconnection between these regions, but differences in the amplitude of the mean annual temperature signals relative to summer temperature indicate pronounced changes in seasonality between the YD and the EH.

Published
2021
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28. Grande rupture de versant rocheux dominant le village d'Argentière (massif des Aiguilles Rouges) – Résultats préliminaires

Author

Courtial Manent, Léa, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Zérathe, Swann, Carcaillet, Julien, Tavernier, Lucas, André, Pauline, Vassallo, Riccardo, Ravanel, Ludovic, Doin, Marie-Pierre, Buoncristiani, Jean-François, and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], mesures mouvements actuels, isotope cosmogéniques, Risque gravitaire, MNT haute résolution
Published
2021

29. New perspectives in studying active faults in metropolitan France: the “Active faults France” (FACT/ATS) research axis from the Resif-Epos consortium

Author

Ritz, Jean-françois, Baize, Stéphane, Audin, Laurence, Authémayou, Christine, Graveleau, Fabien, Kaub, Caroline, Lacan, Pierre, Leclerc, Frédérique, Larroque, Christophe, Manchuel, Kevin, Mugnier, Jean-louis, Ortuño, Maria, Rizza, Magali, Vassallo, Riccardo, Antoine, Pierre, Arroucau, Pierre, Billant, Jérémy, Bollinger, Laurent, Ferry, Matthieu, Fillon, Charlotte, Geoffroy, Laurent, Jomard, Hervé, Le Roy, Pascal, Locht, Jean-luc, Migeon, Sebastien, Perrin, Clément, Perrot, Julie, Ratzov, Gueorgui, Reicherter, Klaus, Soubigou, Olivier, Vergniault, Christophe, Viaplana-muzas, Marc, Van Der Woerd, Jérôme, Ritz, Jean-françois, Baize, Stéphane, Audin, Laurence, Authémayou, Christine, Graveleau, Fabien, Kaub, Caroline, Lacan, Pierre, Leclerc, Frédérique, Larroque, Christophe, Manchuel, Kevin, Mugnier, Jean-louis, Ortuño, Maria, Rizza, Magali, Vassallo, Riccardo, Antoine, Pierre, Arroucau, Pierre, Billant, Jérémy, Bollinger, Laurent, Ferry, Matthieu, Fillon, Charlotte, Geoffroy, Laurent, Jomard, Hervé, Le Roy, Pascal, Locht, Jean-luc, Migeon, Sebastien, Perrin, Clément, Perrot, Julie, Ratzov, Gueorgui, Reicherter, Klaus, Soubigou, Olivier, Vergniault, Christophe, Viaplana-muzas, Marc, and Van Der Woerd, Jérôme

Abstract

Mainland France is part of a plate interior with a strong structural heritage, undergoing a low rate of deformation, where destructive earthquakes can nevertheless occur. In this paper, we emphasize that the knowledge of active faults is still largely fragmentary, and that significant efforts are needed to generate robust data, in particular on the numerous faults, that still lack any study. This is the aim of the “Failles ACTives France” (FACT) axis launched in the framework of the Transverse Seismicity Action (ATS) of the Resif-Epos consortium. We present some recent investigations carried out along suspected active faults in mountainous areas, their forelands and remote lowlands, which implement new approaches and new tools, and allow characterizing their Quaternary activity.

Published
2021
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30. Assessing quaternary reactivation of the Main Central thrust zone (central Nepal Himalaya): new thermochronologic data and numerical modeling

Author

Robert, Xavier, van der Beek, Peter, Braun, Jean, Perry, Claire, Dubille, Matthieu, and Mugnier, Jean-Louis

Subjects
Nepal -- Natural history, Himalaya Mountain region -- Natural history, Geochronology -- Research, Numerical analysis -- Methods, Earth sciences
Abstract

We study the recent dynamics of the central Nepal Himalaya, focusing on possible reactivation of the footwall of the Main Central thrust, which is marked by an abrupt topographic transition. Different tectonic mechanisms, such as overthrusting of a major crustal ramp, underplating, or out-of-sequence thrusting, have been suggested to explain the morphology and exhumation patterns in this area. We present 25 new apatite fission-track ages collected along a north-south transect in central Nepal, as well as two age-elevation profiles. Ages are consistently younger than 3 Ma old in the Main Central thrust zone and increase continuously to 4-6 Ma old in the south. No jump in apatite fission-track ages is observed across the topographic transition. Apparent exhumation rates from age-elevation relationships vary from 0.46 +0.13/-0.09 km/Ma in the Palung granite south of Kathmandu to 4.4 +4.8/-1.5 km/Ma in the Main Central thrust zone; the latter rate is probably overestimated by a factor of two due to topographic effects. As shown by a new numerical model, these strongly varying exhumation rates can be explained by overthrusting of a crustal ramp, which exerts a primary control on age patterns, and do not require out-of-sequence reactivation of thrusts in the Main Central thrust zone.

Published
2009

31. Influence du réchauffement climatique sur les processus morphologiques dans les reliefs montagneux

Author

Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Mugnier, Jean-Louis

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Influence du réchauffement climatique sur les processus morphologiques dans les reliefs montagneux Jean-Louis Mugnier L'évolution climatique influence la morphologie des hautes montagnes de multiples façons, en particulier dans leurs parties hautes (Figure 1). En effet, la température de l'atmosphère affecte la température du sol qui contrôle le cycle gel/dégel. Cette évolution des températures affecte aussi les caractéristiques des précipitations-neige ou pluie-et l'occurrence d'événements extrêmes. Ces facteurs climatiques influencent la taille des glaciers, les processus morphologiques au voisinage de ceux-ci et les flux hydro-sédimentaires à l'aval. Aussi dans la suite je vais détailler l'évolution des températures dans les Alpes, le recul des glaciers qu'elles induisent, les changements de condition de la température du sol, leur rôle dans les instabilités gravitaires et enfin leur influence dans le bilan hydro-sédimentaire des rivières. Evolution des températures dans les reliefs montagneux Dans la plupart des montagnes du monde, le réchauffement depuis le début de l'ère industrielle est bien plus marqué que celui enregistré à l'échelle mondiale (Pepin et al., 2015) : Ainsi, depuis 1900, le réchauffement moyen de la planète a été estimé à 0,8°, alors que le réchauffement dans les Alpes a été supérieur à 1.5° (Figure 2). Cette évolution à la hausse se poursuivra quel que soit le scénario climatique envisagé à l'échelle mondiale (IPCC, 2014): pour le scénario le plus pessimiste (RCP 8.5, sans politique climatique), le réchauffement entre 1900 et 2100 pourrait atteindre 7.5° dans les Alpes (Taylor et al., 2012). Un scénario plus optimiste, avec une politique climatique visant à stabiliser les concentrations en CO2, (scénario RCP 6), conduirait à un réchauffement de 3,5° dans les Alpes. Dans tous ces scénarios, il apparait que le réchauffement alpin sera près de deux fois le double du réchauffement moyen mondial et que le réchauffement sera plus marqué l'été que l'hiver. Du point de vue précipitations, les tendances sont moins claires avec cependant un renforcement du taux de précipitations extrêmes et une possible augmentation des épisodes de sécheresse (Drias, 2019).

Published
2019

33. Paired 10Be sampling of polished bedrock and erratic boulders to improve dating of glacial landforms: an example from the Western Alps

Author

Prud'homme, Charlotte, Vassallo, Riccardo, Crouzet, Christian, Carcaillet, Julien, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, and Cortés-Aranda, Joaquin

Subjects
humanities
Abstract

Cosmogenic nuclide dating of glacial landforms may lead to ambiguous results for ice retreat histories. The persistence of significant cosmogenic concentrations inherited from previous exposure may increase the apparent exposure ages for polished bedrocks affected by limited erosion under ice and for erratic boulders transported by glaciers and previously exposed in high-altitude rock walls. In contrast, transient burying by moraines, sediments and snow decreases the apparent exposure age. We propose a new sampling strategy, applied to four sites distributed in the Arc and Arve valleys in the Western Alps, to better constrain the factors that can bias exposure ages associated with glacial processes. We used the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide 10Be (TCN) to estimate the exposure time from paired sampling of depth profiles in polished bedrock and on overlying erratic boulders. For a given sampling site, the exposure ages for both the polished bedrock and boulder are expected to be the same. However, in six cases out of seven, boulders had significantly higher 10Be surface concentrations than those of the associated polished surfaces. In present and past glacial processes, the 10Be distribution with depth for boulders and bedrocks implies the presence of an inheritance concentration of 10Be. Our study suggests that 10Be concentrations in erratic boulders and in polished bedrocks provide maximum and minimum exposure ages of the glacial retreat, respectively. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Published
2020
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34. Magneto‐chemical signature of the Lower‐to‐Middle Siwaliks transition in the Karnali River section (Western Nepal): Implications for Himalayan tectonics and climate

Author

Gautam, Pitambar, Huyghe, Pascale, Mugnier, Jean‐Louis, Regmi, Kamal R., Gautam, Pitambar, Huyghe, Pascale, Mugnier, Jean‐Louis, and Regmi, Kamal R.

Abstract

Fluviatile sediments comprising a 600‐m‐thick sequence of the Lower and Middle Siwaliks in the Karnali area in Nepal exhibit a distinct zonation revealed by magnetic and geochemical properties. Four magneto‐chemical zones (MCZ1–MCZ4), each about 150 m thick and 400 kyr in duration, provide new insights into Himalayan tectono‐climatic events during the Tortonian (Miocene) stage. They exhibit contrasting magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanence due to differences in magnetic mineral types (magnetite, haematite, and goethite) and concentrations. Odd‐numbered zones with higher goethite/(goethite + haematite) ratio, a moisture proxy, indicate wetter conditions in the source area, while the even‐numbered zones, virtually without goethite, suggest drier conditions. Chemical indices of alteration/weathering and proxies for hydraulic sorting and mobility derived from the major element compositions also reveal contrasts among these zones. The middle of the MCZ2–MCZ3 zone, with a transitional magneto‐chemical signature, is the best candidate for the Lower‐to‐Middle Siwaliks contact, rather than the field‐based boundary placed 18 m up‐section at the base of the thick salt‐and‐pepper sandstone bed. The transition records an increase in river energy and associated accelerated erosion of the Himalayan gneiss zone as the source of coarse‐grained material. We suggest a scenario, whereby climate change from drier to wetter (with higher precipitation) conditions affects erosional processes (i.e., weathering, disaggregation and particle transport on the hillslope) prevailing in a large catchment and influencing the depositional modes.

Published
2020

35. The impact of climate change and glacier mass loss on the hydrology in the Mont-Blanc massif

Author

Laurent, Léa (author), Buoncristiani, Jean François (author), Pohl, Benjamin (author), Zekollari, H. (author), Farinotti, Daniel (author), Huss, Matthias (author), Mugnier, Jean Louis (author), Pergaud, Julien (author), Laurent, Léa (author), Buoncristiani, Jean François (author), Pohl, Benjamin (author), Zekollari, H. (author), Farinotti, Daniel (author), Huss, Matthias (author), Mugnier, Jean Louis (author), and Pergaud, Julien (author)

Abstract

The Mont-Blanc massif, being iconic with its large glaciers and peaks of over 4,000 m, will experience a sharp increase in summer temperatures during the twenty-first century. By 2100, the impact of climate change on the cryosphere and hydrosphere in the Alps is expected to lead to a decrease in annual river discharge. In this work, we modelled the twenty-first century evolution of runoff in the Arve river, downstream of Mont-Blanc’s French side. For the first time for this region, we have forced a hydrological model with output from an ice-dynamical glacier model and 16 downscaled climate projections, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. By 2100, under RCP8.5 (high-emission scenario), the winter discharge of the Arve river remains low but is expected to increase by 80% when compared to the beginning of the century. By contrast, the summer season, currently the most important discharge period, will be marked by a runoff decrease of approximately 40%. These changes are almost similar according to a scenario with a lower warming (RCP4.5) and are mostly driven by glacier retreat. These shifts will have significant downstream impacts on water quantity and quality, affecting hydroelectric generation, agriculture, forestry, tourism and aquatic ecosystems., Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning

Published
2020
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36. Ganges basin geometry records a pre-15 Ma isostatic rebound of Himalaya

Author

Mugnier, Jean-Louis and Huyghe, Pascale

Subjects
Himalaya Mountains -- Research, Geology -- Research, Tectonics (Geology) -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Tertiary continental strata of the Himalayan foreland basin are subdivided into two groups, but the meaning of this subdivision was previously unclear. From the analysis of drill holes, seismic lines, dated sections, outcrops, and balanced cross sections, we find that the southward migration rate of the depositional pinch-out of the younger group is 19 [+ 0r -] 5 mm/yr and equals the Himalayan shortening rate. This equality shows that the flexural foreland basin development is mainly controlled by the motion of the thrust load. The long-term pinch-out migration rate was slower for the older synorogenic group. Erosion locally occurred at the end of its deposition, due to tectonic reactivation of lineaments of the Indian shield. We suggest that this change in the basin development is linked to the detachment of the subducted Indian lithosphere that decreased the slab pull and increased the mean compressive stress within the Indian plate, whereas the plate motion remained constant. The most important implication of our work is that the associated isostatic rebound could have increased the Himalayan elevation prior to 15 Ma. Keywords: Himalaya, flexure, foreland basin, relief, slab break-off, tectonic reactivation.

Published
2006

37. Three-dimensional surface velocity variations of the Argentière glacier (French Alps) monitored with a high-resolution continuous GNSS network

Author

Togaibekov, Anuar, primary, Walpersdorf, Andrea, additional, Gimbert, Florent, additional, Vincent, Christian, additional, Helmstetter, Agnès, additional, Six, Delphine, additional, Moreau, Luc, additional, Roldan-Blasco, Juan Pedro, additional, Ott, Laurent, additional, Mercier, Stéphane, additional, Laarman, Olivier, additional, Piard, Luc, additional, Nanni, Ugo, additional, Matthey, Marguerite, additional, Urruty, Benoit, additional, Sue, Christian, additional, Bouvier, Jean-Noël, additional, Radiguet, Mathilde, additional, Romeyer, Olivier, additional, and Mugnier, Jean-Louis, additional

Published
2021
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38. Control of detachment dip on drainage development in regions of active fault-propagation folding

Author

van der Beek, Peter, Champel, Benedicte, and Mugnier, Jean-Louis

Subjects
Geology -- Research, Faults (Geology) -- Research, Rivers -- Research, Plate tectonics -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

We have studied drainage development on active folds by using a numerical model that couples the kinematics of fault-propagation folding to a physical description of surface processes. Modeling results suggest that the dip of the underlying detachment exerts a major control on drainage development. For a nonzero detachment dip, the lateral displacement gradient sets up an axial slope behind the growing fold that diverts drainage so that the fold is shielded from rivers with large incision capacity. In this case, the characteristic fault-segment length, rather than the relative rates of fold uplift and incision, may control the spacing of transverse streams. We apply our model to the foothills of the Nepal Himalayas and suggest that striking differences in drainage patterns between central and western Nepal are controlled to a first order by variations in the dip of the underthrusting Indian plate. Keywords: fault-propagation folding, river dynamics, numerical surface process models, active tectonics, landscape evolution.

Published
2002

39. Propagation of the thrust system and erosion in the Lesser Himalaya: geochemical and sedimentological evidence

Author

Huyghe, Pascale, Galy, Albert, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, and France-Lanord, Christian

Subjects
Himalaya Mountains -- Natural history, Nepal -- Natural history, Geological research -- Reports, Thrust faults (Geology) -- Research, Mountains -- Natural history, Geochemistry -- Usage, Earth sciences
Abstract

Sedimentological and Nd isotope data of two sections of the sub-Himalaya of western Nepal are used as new constraints for understanding the erosion history of the Himalaya. Throughout the deposition of the middle and upper members of the Siwalik Group, the Lesser Himalaya contribution to the total detrital input progressively increased from less than 20% to 40%. The increasing proportion of Lesser Himalaya sediments started at ca. 10-8 Ma and is associated with a coarsening of the maximum grain size at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. Thin-skinned tectonics of the Lesser Himalaya thrust system would have controlled the exhumation of the Lesser Himalaya rocks and would have begun at 12-10 Ma, taking into account the delay for denudation. Together with other studies, these data restrict the onset of movement on the Lesser Himalaya thrust system to less than 3 m.y. along more than 1750 km. This short time frame implies a ratio of lateral propagation rate to shortening rate far too high for the propagation of a single crustal thrust; thus we suggest instead the simultaneous initiation of several thrusts ahead of the Main Central thrust at ca. 12 Ma. We suggest that a rapid rise of the Tibetan Plateau at this time has transformed the Himalaya to an overcritical thrust wedge that has propagated forward to return to a stable state. This regional rising could be the prime cause of the increase of sediment influx at ca. 11 Ma around the Himalaya. Keywords: Siwalik formations, neodymium, grain size, erosion, thrust sheets, Himalaya.

Published
2001

43. Climatic reconstruction for the Younger Dryas/Early Holocene transition and the Little Ice Age based on paleo-extents of Argentière glacier (French Alps)

Author

Protin, Marie, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Mugnier, Jean‐louis, Ravanel, Ludovic, Le Roy, Melaine, Deline, Philip, Favier, Vincent, Buoncristiani, Jean-François, Aster, Team, Bourlès, Didier, Aumaitre, Georges, Keddadouche, Karim, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) 14-CE03-0006 VIP Mont-Blanc Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) French National Research Agency (ANR) IRD, ANR-14-CE03-0006,VIP-Mont-Blanc,VItesses des Processus contrôlant les évolutions morphologiques et environnementales du massif du Mont Blanc(2014), ANR-10-EQPX-0024,ASTER-CEREGE,PLATEFORME DE GEOCHIMIE ISOTOPIQUE ASTER/CEREGE(2010), European Project: 312609,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2012-1-RTD,EUFAR2(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, ANR-10-EQPX-0024/10-EQPX-0024,ASTER-CEREGE,PLATEFORME DE GEOCHIMIE ISOTOPIQUE ASTER/CEREGE(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Western Europe, 01 natural sciences, PDD modeling, Glaciation, Moraine dating, Paleoclimatology, Cosmogenic nuclides, Glacial period, Younger Dryas, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Cosmogenic nuclide, French Alps, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Glacier, Glacier fluctuations, PDD modeling 1. Introduction, 13. Climate action, Moraine, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Paleoclimate reconstruction, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical geography
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; Investigation of Holocene extents of mountain glaciers along with the related naturally-driven climate conditions helps improve our understanding of glacier sensitivity to ongoing climate change. Here, we present the first Holocene glacial chronology in the Mont-Blanc massif (Argentière glacier) in the French Alps, based on 25 in situ-produced cosmogenic 10 Be dates of moraines and glacial bedrocks. The obtained ages from mapped sequences of moraines at three locations reveal that the glacier was retreating from its Lateglacial extent and oscillating several times between ~11.7 ka and ~10.4 ka, i.e. during the Younger Dryas/Early Holocene (YD/EH) transition, before substantially retreating at ~10.4 ka. Climate conditions corresponding to the past extents of Argentière glacier during the YD/EH transition (~ 11 ka) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) were modelled with two different approaches: by determining summer temperature differences from reconstructed ELA-rises and by using a Positive Degree Day (PDD) mass-balance model coupled with a dynamic ice flow model. The ELArise reconstructions yield a possible range of summer temperatures for the YD/EH transition that were cooler by between 3.0 and 4.8°C compared to the year 2008, depending on the choice of the ELA sensitivity to summer temperature. The results from the PDD model indicate temperatures cooler by ~3.6 to 5.5°C during the YD/EH transition than during the 1979-2002 period. For the LIA, our findings highlight that the role of local precipitation changes, superimposed on the dominant temperature signal, is important in the detailed evolution of the glacier. Overall, this study highlights the challenge that remains in accurately inferring paleoclimate conditions from past glacier extents.

Published
2019
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46. Proglacial sediment dynamics from daily to seasonal scales in a glaciated Alpine catchment (Bossons glacier, Mont Blanc massif, France)

Author

Guillon, Hervé, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Buoncristiani, Jean-François, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
[SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology
Abstract

18 pages; International audience; The sediment yields of Alpine catchments are commonly determined from streamload measurements made some distance downstream from glaciers. However, this approach indiscriminately integrates erosion processes occurring in both the glacial and proglacial areas. A specific method is required to ascertain the respective inputs from (i) subglacial and supraglacial sediments, (ii) proglacial hillslopes and (iii) proglacial alluvial areas or sandurs. This issue is addressed here by combining high‐resolution monitoring (2 min) of suspended sediment concentrations at different locations within a catchment with discharge gauging and precipitation data. This methodological framework is applied to two proglacial streams draining the Bossons glacier (Mont Blanc massif, France): the Bossons and Crosette streams. For the Bossons stream, discharge and suspended load data were acquired from June to October 2013 at 1.15 and 1.5 km from the glacial terminus, respectively upstream and downstream from a small valley sandur. These hydro‐sedimentary data are compared with the Crosette stream dataset acquired at the outlet of the Bossons glacier subglacial drainage system. A fourfold analysis focusing on seasonal changes in streamload and discharge, multilinear regression modelling, evaluation of the sandur flux balance and probabilistic uncertainty assessment is used to determine the catchment sediment budget and to explain the proglacial sediment dynamics. The seasonal fluctuation of the sediment signal observed is related to the gradual closing of the subglacial drainage network and to the role of the proglacial area in the sediment cascade: the proglacial hillslopes appear to be disconnected from the main channel and the valley sandur acts as a hydrodynamic sediment buffer both daily and seasonally. Our findings show that an understanding of proglacial sediment dynamics can help in evaluating paraglacial adjustment and subglacial erosion processes.

Published
2018
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47. Synchronous Early Holocene glacier behavior in the European Alps – Evidences from a new cosmogenic 10Be chronology of Argentière glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, French Alps)

Author

Protin, Marie, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Ravanel, Ludovic, Deline, Philip, Le Roy, Melaine, Buoncristiani, Jean François, Aumaitre, Georges, Bourles, D.L., Keddadouche, Karim, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Geosciences Union, Referent HAL Edytem, Christine Maury, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

Reconstruction of past glacier fluctuations is an important step towards the comprehension of glacier responseto past and future climate changes. Moraine deposits and roches moutonnées represent univocal geomorphicmarkers of advanced glacier extensions, and their dating using in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides is a valuableapproach for better constraining past glacier behavior.To better understand the past glacier fluctuations in the European Alps, this study focuses on the Argentièreglacier, located on the north-western flank of the Mont-Blanc massif (MBM) in the Western Alps, and hostingsome of the largest European glaciers. Here, gemorphological analysis and new 10Be exposure ages obtained frommoraine boulders and roches moutonnées surfaces on the left-lateral side of the Argentière glacier are presented.The exposure ages of the investigated roches moutonnées suggest that the Early Holocene deglaciation in thestudied area started around 11 ka ago. The adjacent lateral moraines indicate that the glacier oscillated at leastthree times during the subsequent millennium. Afterwards, around 10 ka ago, it retreated within the Little Ice Age(LIA) limits represented by the largest moraine. The geometry and proximity of these Early Holocene and LIAmoraines suggest that the glacier had nearly the same thickness at roughly 2200 m a.s.l. during those two periods.The obtained chronology is in agreement with several other studies in the western and central parts of the Alps,implying that throughout the Alps, glacier behavior was synchronous at the beginning of the Holocene. Based onthese data and additional 10Be exposure ages obtained from Argentière glacier frontal moraines located almost 2.5km outboard of the LIA terminus, we will present potential climate scenarios for the studied periods in comparisonwith the LIA and the present. Furthermore, the influence of local factors versus regional and hemispheric climatedrivers responsible for the observed glacier fluctuations will be discussed

Published
2018

50. Chronological constraints on the Holocene glacier dynamics of the Argentière Glacier (Mont Blanc massif, France) based on cosmogenic nuclide dating

Author

Protin, M, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Mugnier, Jean-Louis, Ravanel, Ludovic, Deline, Philip, Le Roy, Melaine, Moreau, Luc, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Geosciences Union, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), and Referent HAL Edytem, Christine Maury

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Poster; International audience; While reconstruction of glacier fluctuations during the Holocene provides important information about the glacier response to natural climate change, it is still a challenge to accurately constrain chronologies of past glacieradvances and retreats. Moraine deposits and roches moutonnées represent valuable geomorphic markers ofadvanced glacier extensions, while the currently ongoing glacier melt uncovers proglacial bedrock that can beused as a new archive to investigate the durations when a glacier was in retreated position during the Holocene.Our study focuses on the Mont-Blanc massif (MBM), located in the Western Alps and hosting some of the largestglaciers of Europe. Chronologies of Holocene glacier fluctuations in this area are still sparse, even if recentstudies considerably improved the temporal reconstruction of Holocene advances of some glaciers in the MBMand locations near-by (e.g. Le Roy et al., 2015). Here we present preliminary 10Be exposure ages obtained frommoraine boulders, roches moutonnées and pro- and subglacial bedrock in the area of the Argentière Glacier,located on the north-western flank of the MBM. The ages of moraine boulders and roche moutonnée surfacesoutboard of the investigated moraines suggest that the Early Holocene deglaciation of this area started around11 ka ago. Also, 10Be measurements of recently deglaciated bedrock surfaces indicate that the glacier was ata position at least as retracted as today for a minimum duration of 7 ka throughout the Holocene. The 10Bemeasurement of one sample from a surface that is currently still covered by 60 m of ice suggests that the glacierwas shorter than today for at least a duration of 3 ka.These first results will soon be completed with in situ 14C measurements, which will allow us to quantify and takeinto account subglacial erosion rates and thus to more accurately determine the cumulative duration of pro- andsubglacial bedrock exposure during the Holocene

Published
2017

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