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Jamandre, Brian Wade (2023): Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist. Zootaxa 5301 (2): 151-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1

FAMILY Mugilidae Cestraeus goldiei (Macleay, 1883); Native; Goldie River Mullet; Found in upper reaches of Cagayan River basin, Luzon Island; USNM 137267; Shen & Durand 2016; DD Cestraeus oxyrhyncus Valenciennes, 1836; Native; Sharp-Nosed River Mullet; Found in river basins of Luzon Island; Shen & Durand, 2016; DD Cestraeus plicatilis Valenciennes, 1836; Native; Lobed River Mullet; Found in Cagayan River basin, Luzon Island; Shen & Durand, 2016; DD Crenimugil buchanani (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Bluetail Mullet; Found in upper reaches of Cagayan River basin, Luzon Island; USNM 445364; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Crenimugil crenilabis (Valenciennes, 1837); Native; Fingerlip Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker, 1855); Native; Half Fringelip Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; USNM 191872; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Crenimugil seheli (Forsskål, 1775); Native; Bluespot Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825); Native; Squaretail Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758; Native; Flathead Gray Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; CAS-SU 7061; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Osteomugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836); Native; Longarm Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; NE Paramugil parmatus (Cantor, 1849); Native; Broad-Mouthed Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; USNM 13798; Shen & Durand 2016, Cuadrado et al. 2019; LC Planiliza alata (Steindachner, 1892); Native; Diamond Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846); Native; Largescale Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Planiliza melinoptera (Valenciennes, 1836); Native; Otomebora Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand, 2016; LC Planiliza planiceps (Valenciennes, 1836); Native; Tade Gray Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; Shen & Durand 2016; LC Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836); Native; Greenback Mullet; Found in wetlands and river basins across the Philippines; UWFC UW 007642; Aquilino et al. 2011, Shen & Durand 2016; NE, Published as part of Jamandre, Brian Wade, 2023, Freshwater fishes of the Philippines: a provisional checklist, pp. 151-181 in Zootaxa 5301 (2) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8030274, {"references":["Shen, K. N. & Durand, J. D. (2016) The biogeography of Mugilidae in India, South-east and East Asia. In: Crosetti, D. & Blaber, S. (Eds.), Biology, Ecology and Culture of Grey Mullets (Mugilidae). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 63 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 19927 - 7","Cuadrado, J. T., Lim, D. S., Alcontin, R. M. S., Calang, J. L. L. & Jumawan, J. C. (2019) Species composition and length-weight relationship of twelve fish species in the two lakes of Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. FishTaxa, 4 (1), 1 - 8.","Aquilino, S. V. L., Tango, J. M., Fontanilla, I. K. C., Pagulayan, R. C., Basiao, Z. U., Ong, P. S. & Quilang, J. P. (2011) DNA barcoding of the ichthyofauna of Taal Lake, Philippines. Molecular Ecology Resources, 11, 612 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 0998.2011.03000. x"]}

The age, growth, relative condition factor, and reproduction of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) from the Al-Diwaniya River, Iraq was described in samples obtained from October 2016 to September 2017, using different fishing gears. Total length and weight were measured, scales were used for age determination, and gonads were excised from the body cavity sexed and weighed. The lengths of the species ranged from 7.0 to 20.0 cm, and the most dominant length group was 13.0 cm. The length-weight relationship was W=0.0199*L2.821 revealing a negative allometric growth (b= 2.821). The mean relative condition factor (Kn) was calculated as 1.13 for females and 0.93 for males. Four ages were recognized for the species with mean total lengths of 10.2, 14.5, 39.0, 17.2 and 19.3 cm, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters based on back-calculated lengths were L∞= 23.4 cm, K=0.38 and to= -0.27. The growth performance index (Ø) of the species is computed as 2.32. The overall sex ratio (male: female) was 1:1.70. The gonad-somatic index (GSI) values of both sexes were highest in April, 8.5 for males and 11.6 for females and the lowest values in August, 0.22 for males and 0.75 for females, indicated that the spawning period was from April to May. Some biological properties such as lengths of individuals, negative allometric growth, ages from 1 to 4 years, values of ultimate growth (L∞) and growth performance index (Ø) and overall sex ratio were among those described for the species in other waters. These results can contribute to providing information for species management in the study river.

Planiliza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) Arabian Sea keeled mullet (Fig. 8A–C, 9B, Table 3) Mugil klunzingeri Day 1888: 264 (Mumbai, India), based on Mugil carinatus of Day 1876: 349 (non Cuvier & Valenciennes) Plate LXXIV, Fig. 2 Liza klunzingeri Senou et al. 1987: 309 (Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea Coast of India, Pakistan and Oman); Carpenter et al. 1997: 203 (Southern Persian Gulf); Coad 2010: 234 (Iraq); Shen & Durand 2016: 77 Chelon klunzingeri Randall 1995: 235 (Oman Coast); Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003: S112 (Arabian Sea); Psomadakis et al. 2015: 293 (Pakistan Coast) Planiliza klunzingeri Ali et al. 2018: 342 (Iraq); Hasan et al. 2021: 8 (Pakistan) Chelon carinata (non Valenciennes) Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003: S112 (Arabian Sea); Eagderi et al. 2019: 84 (as Chelon carinatus; Persian Gulf, Iran) Planiliza carinata (non Valenciennes) Ali et al. 2018: 342 (Iraq) Materials examined (n=30): MNHN 2019-0086 (X) [GenBank CO 1: MT 999034], 148 mm SL, Persian Gulf at Basra, Iraq, collected by A.Al-Saboonchi; CEMB PAK Mu 816 [GenBank: MT 943737], 824 [GenBank: MT 943727], 828 [GenBank: MT 943736], 830 [GenBank: MT 943735], 884 [GenBank: MT 943743], 5 specimen, 124–138 mm SL, Pakistan Coast of Arabian Sea at Fish Harbour, Karachi, collected by Ariba Hasan; CEMB Pak Mu 811–12 [GenBank: MT943738–39], 827 [GenBank: MT 943726], 870 [GenBank: MT 943731], 872 [GenBank: MT 943730], 881–82 [GenBank: MT943728–29], 883 [GenBank: MT 943744], 8 specimen, 118–144 mm SL, Pakistan Coast of Arabian Sea at Keti Bunder, Sindh, collected by Ariba Hasan; CEMB Pak Mu 800, 134 mm SL, Pakistan Coast of Arabian Sea at Somniani, Baluchistan, collected by Ariba Hasan; CEMB Pak Mu 821 [GenBank: MT 943733], 832 [GenBank: MT 943725], 838, 3 specimen, 129–159 mm SL, Pakistan Coast of Arabian Sea at Gwadar, Baluchistan, collected by Ariba Hasan; CUMS Mug 1–12 [GenBank: MT999032 –33, MT 999035], 12 specimen, 135–155 mm SL, Oman (imported in Chattogram, Bangladesh), collected by M. Eusuf Hasan. Diagnosis: Hind tip of maxilla exposed when mouth closed; head relatively large, slightly convex, head length 27–31% of SL; adipose eyelid developed anteriorly and posteriorly; mid-dorsal line sharply keeled; stomach gizzard-like, with five unbranched pyloric caeca; 11–13 (mode 12) rows of transverse scales; usually 34–38 scales in lateral series; pectoral-fin generally with 16 rays; pectoral-fin length 20–26% of SL, just reaching to level of first dorsal-fin. Three supraneurals: first between second and third vertebrae, second between fourth and fifth vertebrae, and third between sixth and seventh vertebrae (Fig. 9B). First pterygiophore of spinous dorsal fin between seventh and eighth vertebrae (Fig. 9B). Description (Fig. 8, A–C): Counts and proportional measurements are shown in Table 3. Body moderately short and compressed. Head large, with slightly convex inter-orbital space. Mid-dorsal line, anterior to first dorsal fin with well-developed keel (Fig. 8C). Keel weaker between dorsal fins. Adipose eye-fold well developed. Maxilla posteriorly curved down and its tip exposed when closed mouth. Mouth terminal, a prominent symphysial knob present at upper end of lower jaw. Upper lip not thick; lower lip thinner than upper lip, forming horizontally forward edge. Body scales weakly ctenoid. Interorbital space scaled. First dorsal-fin origin closer to caudal fin base than snout tip. Origin of second dorsal fin on vertical through anterior third of anal fin. Pectoral fin just reaching to level of first dorsal fin. Caudal fin emarginate. Total number of vertebrae 24 (11+13). Colour when fresh (Fig. 8A, B): Head and dorsal two third of body grey or bluish grey, ventral half silvery. Upper section of iris orange-grey. First and second dorsal fins greyish. Caudal fin with a dark margin; inner side pale or yellowish-grey. Anal fin whitish. Pelvic fin white. Pectoral fin darkish hyaline, upper end of pectoral fin base darkish. Distribution: Known from the coasts of eastern and northern Arabian Sea—west coast of India (type locality) and Pakistan (Psomadakis et al. 2015, Hasan et al. 2021), and from the Persian Gulf (Carpenter et al. 1997, Coad 2010, Ali et al. 2018, Eagderi et al. 2019) and Gulf of Oman (Randall 1995). Comparisons: Planiliza klunzingeri differs with P. carinata in the position of third supraneural and first pterygiophore of first dorsal fin (see account of P. carinata above, and Fig. 9A, B for details). Senou et al. (1987) observed that P. klunzingeri possesses more total gill rakers than P. carinata (79–109 vs. 69–93). Remarks: We observed some variation from Senou et al. (1987) regarding a few proportional measurements for Planiliza carinata and P. klunzingeri. First dorsal-fin base length, inter-pelvic flank distance, and fourth dorsalspine length were larger in our study samples (Table 3). This might be due to differences in measurements and/or shrinkage of long preserved specimens. Reports of Planiliza carinata from Arabian Sea (Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003: S112, as Chelon carinata), the Persian Gulf (Eagderi et al. 2019, as C. carinatus), as well as of P. carinata from Iraq (Ali et al. 2018) most likely refer to P. klunzingeri., Published as part of Hasan, Mohammad Eusuf, Hasan, Ariba, Béarez, Philippe, Shen, Kang-Ning, Chang, Chih-Wei, Tran, Thanh Thi Viet, Golani, Daniel, Al-Saboonchi, Azhar, Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed & Durand, Jean-Dominique, 2022, Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850), a senior synonym of Planiliza affinis (Günther, 1861) with a re-evaluation of keeled back mullets (Mugiliformes Mugilidae), pp. 497-518 in Zootaxa 5194 (4) on pages 510-512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7156813, {"references":["Day, F. (1888) Observations on the Fishes of India. Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 56 (1), 258 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1888. tb 06706. x","Day, F. (1876) The Fishes of India, Being a Natural History of the Fishes Known to Inhabit the Seas and Freshwaters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part II. William Dawson & Sons, London, pp. 169 - 368, pls. 41 - 78.","Senou, H., Yoshino, T. & Okiyama, M. (1987) A review of the mullets with a keel on the back, Liza carinata complex (Pisces: Mugilide). Publication of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 32, 303 - 321.","Carpenter, K. E., Krupp, F., Jones, D. A. & Zajonz, U. (1997) The Living Marine Resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO, Rome, 293 pp., 17 pls.","Coad, B. W. (2010) Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Pensoft, Sofia & Moscow, 275 pp., 16 pls.","Shen, K. - N. & Durand, J. - D. (2016) The biogeography of Mugilidae in India, south-east and east Asia. In: Crosetti, D. & Blaber, S. (Eds.), Biology, Ecology and Culture of Grey Mullets (Mugilidae). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 63 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 19927","Randall, J. E. (1995) Coastal Fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd, Bathurst, 439 pp.","Manilo, L. G. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2003) Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 43 (Supplement 1), S 75 - S 149.","Psomadakis, P. N., Osmany, H. B. & Moazzam, M. (2015) Field Identification Guide to the Living Marine Resources of Pakistan. FAO, Rome, 386 pp., 42 pls.","Ali, A. H., Adday, T. K. & Khamees, N. R. (2018) Catalogue of marine fishes of Iraq. Biological and Applied Environmental Research, 2 (2), 298 - 368.","Hasan, A., Siddiqui, P. J. A., Amir, S. A. & Durand, J. - D. (2021) DNA Barcoding of Mullets (Family Mugilidae) from Pakistan reveals surprisingly high number of unknown candidate species. Diversity, 13, 232. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 13060232","Eagderi, S., Fricke, R., Esmaeili, H. R. & Jalili, P. (2019) Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 6 (Supplement 1), 1 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.22034 / iji. v 6 i 0.454"]}

Planiliza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836) Red Sea keeled mullet (Fig. 7, 9A; Table 3) Mugil carinatus Valenciennes 1836: 148 (in part, Red Sea syntypes only, collected by Ehrenberg; lectotype: MNHN A. 3643, paralectotype: MNHN 1987-1322, formerly A. 3643; lectotype designated by Senou et al. 1987) Liza carinata Trewavas & Ingham 1972: 24 (Red Sea, Suez and Eastern Mediterranean); Senou et al. 1987: 306 (Gulf of Suez, Suez Canal, Nile Delta, the Bardawil Lagoon, and Eastern Mediterranean); Thomson 1997: 518 (in part, Red Sea, and Mediterranean); Bilecenoðlu et al. 2002: 105 (Mediterranean Coast, Turkey); Golani 2005: 48 (Mediterranean Coast, Israel); Fricke et al. 2007:67 (Mediterranean Coast, Turkey); Bariche 2012: 335 (Eastern Mediterranean Coast); Elbaraasi et al. 2019: 98 (Libyan Coast, southern Mediterranean Sea). Planiliza carinata Durand 2016: 34; Bogorodsky & Randall 2018: 242 (Red Sea); Golani & Fricke 2018: 119 (Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba); Bariche & Fricke 2020:120 (Lebanon Coast, Mediterranean Sea); Golani 2021:66 (Mediterranean Coast, Israel). Materials examined (n=15): MNHN A. 3643 (X), (Lectotype), 86.9 mm SL, MNHN 1987-1322 (formerly A. 3643) (X), (Paralectotype), 80.0 mm SL, both from Red Sea. HUJ 18551, 145 mm SL, Haifa, Israel, collected by Daniel Golani, 2000-02-09; MNHN 2019-0085 (X), 12 specimens, 98–138 mm SL [GenBank CO 1: MT 999020 – MT 999031], Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) at Eilat, Israel, collected by Daniel Golani, 2013-02-11. Diagnosis: Hind tip of maxilla exposed when mouth closed; head relatively large, slightly convex, head length 26–30% of SL; adipose eyelid developed anteriorly and posteriorly; mid-dorsal line sharply keeled; 11–13 rows in transverse scale; usually 34–38 scales in lateral series; pectoral-fin generally with 16 rays; pectoral-fin length 20–24% of SL, just reaching to level of first dorsal-fin. Three supraneurals: first between second and third vertebrae, second between fourth and fifth vertebrae, and third between fifth and sixth vertebrae (Fig. 9A). First pterygiophore of spinous dorsal fin between sixth and seventh vertebrae (Fig. 9A). Description (Fig. 7): Counts and proportional measurements are shown in Table 3. Body somewhat short and compressed. Mid-dorsal line anterior to first dorsal fin keeled. Head large; dorsal profile of head somewhat convex. Adipose eyelid developed anteriorly and posteriorly, covering part of iris, posterior portion thin. Maxilla posteriorly curved down; maxilla tip exposed when mouth closed. Mouth terminal; upper lip somewhat thin; lower lip thinner than upper lip, forms thin edge. Prominent symphysial knob present at upper end of lower jaw. Body scales weakly ctenoid. Interorbital space scaled. First dorsal-fin origin closer to snout tip than caudal-fin base; origin of second dorsal fin on vertical through anterior third of anal fin. Pectoral fin just reaching to level of first dorsal fin. Caudal fin emarginate. Total number of vertebrae 24 (11+13). Colour when fresh (Fig. 7): Head and dorsal half of body bluish grey, ventral half silvery. First and second dorsal fins greyish. Caudal fin with a dark margin; caudal-fin origin darkish, but pale in middle. Anal fin whitish. Pelvic fin white. Pectoral fin darkish, pectoral fin base darker dorsally. Distribution: Currently known from Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea (Bogorodsky & Randall 2018, Golani & Fricke 2018), including Suez Canal and the coast of Nile Delta, and in the eastern Mediterranean (Senou et al. 1987, Golani et al. 2002, Golani 2005, Bariche 2012, Elbaraasi et al. 2019, Bariche & Fricke 2020, Golani 2021), northward to the Turkish coast (Bilecenoðlu et al. 2002, Fricke et al. 2007). Thomson (1997) considers the Mediterranean population as ‘doubtless descendants’ from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal, i.e., a Lessepsian migrant species. Comparisons: Planiliza carinata differs from the other west Asian keeled back mullet, P. klunzingeri, by the position of the third supraneural, and first pterygiophore of first dorsal fin (Senou et al. 1987, this study). In P. carinata, they are positioned between fifth and sixth, and sixth and seventh vertebrae respectively vs. sixth and seventh, and seventh and eighth vertebrae respectively in P. klunzingeri (see Fig. 9A, B). Senou et al. (1987) observed that P. carinata has fewer total gill-rakers than P. klunzingeri (69–93 vs. 79–109). Remarks: Persian Gulf records of Chelon carinatus or Liza carinata or Planiliza carinata cited by Eagderi et al. (2019), and Arabian Sea record of Chelon carinata by Manilo & Bogorodsky (2003), most likely refer to Planiliza klunzingeri. Similarly, East Asian reports of Liza carinata or Chelon carinatus (e.g., China by Pan et al. 1991, Zhu 1995; Korea by Kim 1997) refer to Planiliza lauvergnii. Reports of Mugil carinatus or Chelon carinatus in freshwater habitats of Madagascar and other south-western Indian Ocean Islands by Pellegrin (1933) and Fricke et al. (2018) are most probably misidentifications., Published as part of Hasan, Mohammad Eusuf, Hasan, Ariba, Béarez, Philippe, Shen, Kang-Ning, Chang, Chih-Wei, Tran, Thanh Thi Viet, Golani, Daniel, Al-Saboonchi, Azhar, Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed & Durand, Jean-Dominique, 2022, Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850), a senior synonym of Planiliza affinis (Günther, 1861) with a re-evaluation of keeled back mullets (Mugiliformes Mugilidae), pp. 497-518 in Zootaxa 5194 (4) on pages 508-509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7156813, {"references":["Valenciennes, A. (1836) Mugiloides. In: Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (Ed.), Histoire Naturelledes Poisons. Tome Onzieme. Levrault, F. G., Paris, pp. 1 - 86.","Senou, H., Yoshino, T. & Okiyama, M. (1987) A review of the mullets with a keel on the back, Liza carinata complex (Pisces: Mugilide). Publication of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 32, 303 - 321.","Trewavas, E. & Ingham, S. E. (1972) A key to the species of Mugilidae (Pisces) in the north eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, with explanatory notes. Journal of Zoology, 167 (1), 15 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1972. tb 01720. x","Thomson, J. M. (1997) The Mugilidae of the World. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 41 (3), 457 - 562.","Bilecenodlu, M., Taskavak, E., Mater, S. & Kaya, M. (2002) Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa, 113 (1), 1 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 113.1.1","Golani, D. (2005) Checklist of the Mediterranean Fishes of Israel. Zootaxa, 947 (1), 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 947.1.1","Fricke, R., Bilecenodlu, M. & Sari, H. M. (2007) Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitragezur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 706, 1 - 169.","Bariche, M. (2012) Field Identification Guide to the Living Marine Resources of the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean. FAO, Rome, 610 pp.","Elbaraasi, H., Elabar, B., Elaabidi, S., Bashir, A., Elsilini, O., Shakman, E. & Azzurro, E. (2019) Updated checklist of bony fishes along the Libyan coast (southern Mediterranean Sea). Mediterranean Marine Science, 20 (1), 90 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 15570","Bogorodsky, S. V. & Randall, J. E. (2018) Endemic fishes of the Red Sea. In: Rasul, N. M. A. & Stewart, I. C. F. (Eds.), Oceanographic and Biological Aspects of the Red Sea. Springer Oceanography, Basel, pp. 239 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 99417 - 8 _ 14","Golani, D. & Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4509.1.1","Bariche, M. & Fricke, R. (2020) The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status. Zootaxa, 4775 (1), 1 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4775.1.1","Golani, D. (2021) An updated checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4956 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4956.1.1","Golani, D., Orsi-Relini, L., Massuti, E. & Quignard, J. - P. (2002) CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Vol. 1. Fishes. CIESM Publications, Monaco, 254 pp.","Eagderi, S., Fricke, R., Esmaeili, H. R. & Jalili, P. (2019) Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 6 (Supplement 1), 1 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.22034 / iji. v 6 i 0.454","Manilo, L. G. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2003) Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 43 (Supplement 1), S 75 - S 149.","Pan, J. - H., Zhong, L., Zheng, C. - Y., Wu, H. - L. & Liu, J. - H. (Eds.) (1991) The Freshwater Fishes of Guangdong Province. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangdong, 589 pp.","Zhu, S. - Q. (1995) Synopsis of Freshwater Fishes of China. Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House, Nanjing, 549 pp. [in Chinese]","Kim, I. - S. (1997) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater Fishes. Korea Ministry of Education, Sejong, 629 pp., 49 pls. [in Korean]","Pellegrin, J. (1933) Les poissons des eaux douces de Madagascar et des iles voisines (Comores, Seychelles, Mascareignes). Memoires de l'Academie Malgache, Tananarive, 14, 1 - 223.","Fricke, R., Mahafina, J., Behivoke, F., Jaonalison, H., Leopold, M. & Ponton, D. (2018) Annotated checklist of the fishes of Madagascar, southwestern Indian Ocean, with 158 new records. FishTaxa, 3 (1), 1 - 432."]}

Hasan, Mohammad Eusuf, Hasan, Ariba, Béarez, Philippe, Shen, Kang-Ning, Chang, Chih-Wei, Tran, Thanh Thi Viet, Golani, Daniel, Al-Saboonchi, Azhar, Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, Durand, Jean-Dominique (2022): Planiliza lauvergnii (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850), a senior synonym of Planiliza affinis (Günther, 1861) with a re-evaluation of keeled back mullets (Mugiliformes Mugilidae). Zootaxa 5194 (4): 497-518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.2

Thieme, Philipp, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Whitfield, Alan K., Freitas, Rui, Durand, Jean-Dominique (2022): Contributions to the taxonomy of the mugilid genus Chelon Artedi (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with a major review of the status of C. persicus Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995. Zootaxa 5188 (1): 1-42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.1.1

Chelon persicus Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995 Persian Mullet Figures 3–6, Tables 2 & 3 Chelon persicus Senou et al., 1995: 235 (species account without designation of type material)— Senou et al. 1996: 72 (Doha fish market, Qatar, Arabian/Persian Gulf; formal species description); Al-Jufaili et al. 2010: 32 (Arabian/Persian Gulf). Liza persicus — Carpenter et al. 1997: 203 (Arabian/Persian Gulf). Planiliza persicus — Eagderi et al. 2019: 87 (Arabian/Persian Gulf). Chelon sp. A — Durand & Borsa 2015: 8 (South Africa). Diagnosis (based on combined data from Senou et al. (1996) and present study). Second dorsal-fin rays 10; anal-fin rays 9–10 (usually 10); scales finely ctenoid, 33–36 in longitudinal series; predorsal scales with a single groove; caudal fin forked; upper lip with unicuspid, tiny, ciliform teeth in one row; ventral edge of preorbital notched at corner of mouth, posterior end of maxilla exposed when mouth closed; tip of pelvic fin is vertical to or behind origin of first dorsal fin; second vertebra with a pair of long, slightly curved, spine-like postzygapophyses; three short and three long unbranched pyloric caeca; pectoral-fin base silvery, without melanophores; reaches 275 mm SL. Material examined. SMF 35897 [sample tissue KAU13-123], 194.2 mm SL, [KAU13-124] 187.8 mm SL, [KAU13-125] 188.9 mm SL, [KAU13-135] 200.7 mm SL, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Al Wajh, lagoon, st 5, 13 June 2013; KAUMM 459 [KAU13-136], 172.0 mm SL, [KAU13-137] 188.4 mm SL, [KAU13-138] 170.5 mm SL, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Al Wajh, lagoon, st 5, 13 June 2013; SMF 35898 [sample tissue KAU13-427], 66.7 mm SL, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Al Wajh, lagoon, st 15, 15 June 2013; Qatar Museum uncat [sample tissue QG17-83], 260 mm SL, Arabian / Persian Gulf, Qatar, off Doha, 03 December 2017; Qatar Museum uncat [sample tissue QG17-115], 275 mm SL, Arabian / Persian Gulf, Qatar, off Doha, 10 December 2017; SAIAB 83180, 106.2 mm SL, Western Indian Ocean, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Cape Vidal, 15 May 2007. Description (based on material examined). Body relatively elongate, body depth at origin of first dorsal fin 3.4–3.7 in SL and caudal peduncle compressed. Head depth equal to or greater than head width, head length 4.1–4.3 in SL. Snout relatively blunt, subequal to orbit diameter, eye diameter 3.3–4.8 in head length. First dorsal fin with IV spines, second fin with 9–10 (rarely 9) rays. Origin of first dorsal fin closer to base of caudal fin than to tip of snout. Origin of second dorsal fin above first quarter of anal fin. Anal fin with III spines and 10 rays. Pectoral-fin rays 15–17. Tip of pectoral fin not reaching vertical at origin of first dorsal fin and not behind tip of pelvic-fin spine. If laid forward, pectoral fin not reaching anterior edge of eye. Tip of pelvic fin vertical to or behind origin of first dorsal fin. Caudal fin forked. Three supraneurals present and one each positioned between neural spines of vertebrae two and three, four and five, and six and seven. A pair of postero-dorsally elongated, slightly curved, and spine-like postzygapophyses present on second vertebra. Anterior first dorsal fin pterygiophore positioned posterior to neural spine of seventh vertebra. Anterior pterygiophores of second dorsal as well as anal fin positioned anterior to neural and haemal spine of thirteenth vertebra, respectively. Three interdorsal pterygiophores present. Three short and three long unbranched pyloric caeca attached to stomach. Adipose eyelid covers only margins of eye; adipose tissue covers larger area anterior to eye reaching anterior nostril. Preorbital fills space between eye and mouth. Preorbital serrated along antero-ventral to posterior edge starting from above corner of mouth (Fig. 3). Ventral edge of preorbital notched at corner of mouth. Postero-ventral corner of preorbital slightly rounded or truncate and reaching vertical behind anterior edge of eye. Corner of mouth vertical below anterior edge of posterior nostril. Maxilla reaching below corner of mouth, its posterior tip sigmoidal and visible when mouth closed. One row of minute, unicuspid, ciliform teeth present on upper lip. Lower lip with thin edge, directed horizontally forward, and large symphysial knob. Body scales finely ctenoid (Fig. 4), 33–35 scales in longitudinal series. Scales in transverse rows 11–12, predorsal scales to origin of first dorsal fin 11–13, to origin of second dorsal fin 21–23, circumpeduncular scales 16–18 (Table 3). Predorsal scales anterior to first dorsal fin with single groove. Scales on head cycloid and arranged irregularly. Interorbital scales large, decreasing in size posteriorly. Dorsal scales on head forward to, or nearly to, posterior nostrils. Minute scales present on base of all fins, more prominent on the second dorsal, anal, caudal, and pectoral fins; covering approximately proximal third of first and second dorsal fin and anal fin. Two consecutive axillary scales lateral on each side of first dorsal fin, posterior axillary scales reaching behind base of last ray of first dorsal fin. Axillary scales also present lateral to origin of pelvic fin reaching about halfway along pelvic-fin spine. Very small axillary scale present above pectoral fin. ......continued on the next page Fish coloration shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Grey dorsally with greenish tinge, silvery below, without markings but with faint narrow grey stripes along centre of scale rows; pectoral-fin base silvery, without melanophores; caudal fin with narrow posterior black margin. Distribution and habitat. Currently known from scattered localities in the Western Indian Ocean, including the Arabian/Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Mozambique and South Africa (Fig. 2K). This species forms schools in shallow coastal waters, including lagoons and estuaries. Remarks. In the formal description of C. persicus it was noted that both the second dorsal and anal fin usually comprise nine fin rays (Table 3). In the specimens from this study, we counted ten fin rays (only one specimen has nine fin rays in the second dorsal fin). This difference may be due to the general assumption that the last fin ray constitutes one deeply bifurcate ray or double ray. However, osteological studies on mugilids showed that two fin rays with separate bases are present (Ghasemzadeh 2015; Thieme & Moritz 2020). We were also able to observe the separate bases in specimen SMF 35897 [KAU13-125]. The species name was first included in the monograph on coastal fishes of Oman (Randall 1995) accompanied by a species account (without designation of types), and was later formally described by Senou et al. (1996). We follow the former publication and subsequent Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2022) regarding the date of first mention of C. persicus. Comparisons. Chelon persicus can be distinguished from other Chelon species by the number of scales in the longitudinal series (33–36), while congeners have more than 40 scales except C. dumerili which has 34–39 and C. bandialensis which has 32–33 scales (Fischer et al. 1981; Thomson & Luther 1983; Harrison 2016). Chelon dumerili differs from C. persicus in having multiple grooves on its predorsal scales while C. persicus only has a single groove (Senou et al. 1996). Chelon persicus is externally similar to the sympatric Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) but differs by scales dorsally on the head reaching forward to posterior nostrils versus scales usually extending beyond anterior nostrils in P. macrolepis. Teeth on the upper lip of C. persicus are tiny and ciliform, usually without a second row, whereas for P. macrolepis the upper lip has an outer row of very small, well-spaced, peg-like teeth and an irregular inner row of small teeth, well separated from the outer row. The pectoral-fin base is whitish and unpigmented in C. persicus but pigmented with melanophores, often with a golden sheen, in P. macrolepis. Internally C. persicus differs from all other Chelon species in having a pair of long, spine-like postzygapophyses on the second vertebrae, instead of a pair of short and hook-like postzygapophyses. Chelon persicus also differs from C. auratus, C. bispinosus, C. labrosus and C. ramada by the presence of short and long pyloric caeca versus pyloric caeca of subequal length in these species., Published as part of Thieme, Philipp, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Whitfield, Alan K., Freitas, Rui & Durand, Jean-Dominique, 2022, Contributions to the taxonomy of the mugilid genus Chelon Artedi (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with a major review of the status of C. persicus Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 5188 (1) on pages 10-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7087323, {"references":["Senou, H., Randall, J. E. & Okiyama, M. (1995) Chelon persicus. In: Randall, J. E. (Ed.), Coastal fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd Bathurst, Australia, p. 235.","Senou, H., Randall, J. E. & Okiyama, M. (1996) Chelon persicus, a new species of mullet (Perciformes, Mugilidae) from the Persian Gulf. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science), 25, 71 - 78.","Al-Jufaili, S. M., Hermosa, G., Al-Shuaily, S. S. & Al Mujaini, A. (2010) Oman fish biodiversity. Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Marine Science, 21, 3 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.4197 / Mar. 21 - 1.1","Carpenter, K., Krupp, F., Jones, D. & Zajonz, U. (1997) FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 293 pp.","Eagderi, S., Fricke, R., Esmaeili, H. R. & Jalili, P. (2019) Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 6, 1 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.22034 / iji. v 6 i 0.454","Durand, J. - D. & Borsa, P. (2015) Mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Acanthopterygii: Mugilidae) suggests high proportion of cryptic species. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 338, 266 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2015.01.007","Ghasemzadeh, J. (2015) Musculoskeletal Anatomy of the Flathead Grey Mullet Mugil cephalus. In: Crosetti, D. & Blaber, S. J. (Eds.), Biology, ecology and culture of grey mullets (Mugilidae). CRC Press Boca Raton, USA, pp. 128 - 164.","Thieme, P. & Moritz, T. (2020) The osteology of the golden grey mullet Liza aurata (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) including interactive three-dimensional reconstructions. Journal of Fish Biology, 96, 1320 - 1340. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 14281","Randall, J. E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. Crawford House Publishing Pty Lid Bathurst, Australia, 439 pp.","Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (2022) Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 21 st February 2022)","Fischer, W., Bianchi, G. & Scott, W. B. (1981) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic: fishing area 34 and part of 47 (Vol. 3), 325 pp.","Thomson, J. M. & Luther, C. (1983) Mugilidae. In: Fischer, W. & Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO Identification Sheets for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.","Harrison, I. J. (2016) Order Mugiliformes - Mugilidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, pp. 2077 - 2110."]}

Oman, a country in Southwest Asia, situated on the southeastern quarter of the Arabian Peninsula presents a high level of biological diversity especially marine elements. Although arid habitats cover most parts of Oman (82%), the region has several freshwater systems that are vital for the survival of people as well as for different groups of animals and plants. Research works on Oman biodiversity including terrestrial and marine, have been steadily increasing over the last few decades, but freshwater ecosystems have not been well investigated. Oman comprises parts of three freshwater ecoregions including the Oman Mountains, Southwestern Arabian Coast, and Arabian Interior having xeric freshwaters and endorheic (closed) basins which support a variety of inland fishes. The current checklist provides for each species of inland waters of Oman all recognized and named taxa, documenting recent changes and controversies in nomenclature, its records, taxonomic status, synonyms, etymology, common English name, short description, range expansion, and detailed distribution map based on several field surveys throughout the country. We also provide native, endemic, and introduced species. The diversity of inland fishes of Oman included in this annotated checklist consists of 23 recognized species in 15 genera, 10 families, seven orders, and a class. Also, for the first time, we report and confirm the presence of four species in the inland waters of Oman. The most diverse order is Cypriniformes (nine species, 39.13%), followed by Gobiiformes (six species, 26.09%), Cyprinodontiformes (three species, 13.04%), Cichliformes (two species, 8.69%), and Centrarchiformes, Gonorynchiformes and Mugiliformes (one species, 4.35% each). 21 native species (91.3%) in nine families and two exotic species (8.7%) in two families are listed here. Out of 21 native species, eight species (16.8%) in two families are endemic elements that are restricted to the Oman territory only. Identification of all recognized species was confirmed by DNA barcoding (mitochondrial COI). Oman Mountains Ecoregion (OME), Southwestern Arabian Coast Ecoregion (SACE), and Arabian Interior Ecoregion (AIE) harbor 15, 12, and one species, respectively. The provided data will be necessary for increasing the fish knowledge, the development of competent and pragmatic management plans and effective conservation policies.

17. Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846), Native, New record Fig. 42 Etymology: Planiliza refers to flattened head; macrolepis: large scale. Common name: Largescale Mullet. Taxonomy: Mugil macrolepis was described by Smith [A.] 1846: no pagination, Pl. 28 (fig. 2) [Illustrations of the zoology of South Africa v. 4] from rivers and freshwater lakes, South Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1859.5.7. 56 (dry). Synonyms: Mugil adustus Bleeker [P.] 1854:503 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 3). Mugil borneensis Bleeker [P.] 1851:201 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2). Mugil crenilepis Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:49 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l’Afrique austral]. Mugil cunnumboo Day [F.] 1865:141, fig. The fishes of Malabar. Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1846), Dor 1984:191. Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846), Randall 1995:235. Short description: Body moderately robust, head depth equal to or greater than width, head flattened dorsally, snout length less than or equal to eye diameter, moderately pointed, upper lip with outer row of very close-set, small, peg-like unicuspid teeth, forming fine comb; 1 or 2 irregular rows of smaller, more wide-set teeth; inner rows well-spaced from outer row, lower lip directed forwards with small villiform teeth present or absent, vomer toothed, adipose eyefold poorly developed as rim around eye or absent, 35–78 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch, shorter than longest gill filament, dorsal-fin origin (first) closer to caudal- fin base than snout tip, anal-fin spines III, anal-fin soft rays 9, caudal fin emarginate, scales ctenoid, longitudinal series 32 or 33; transverse series 10 or 11; longitudinal series anterior to tip of pectoral fins 7 to 9, 21 or 22 anterior to origin of second dorsal fin, 16 scales in transverse series entirely around caudal peduncle, body greenish grey dorsally; flanks and abdomen silvery; fins grey or bluish with dusky margins and may appear yellowish at base; pectoral fins with golden base. General distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Rodrigues (Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Korea, south to New Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral Islands; also adjacent estuaries and fresh water habitats of Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. Distribution in Oman: Wadi Hasik, Dhofar Governorate (Fig. 43). Remarks: Planiliza macrolepis is a new record for the inland waters of Oman. Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O001. Pm 101, 3, Oman: Dhofar Governorate, Salalah, Wadi Hasik, at Hasik, 17°22’01.2”N, 55°16’58.8”E, H. R. Esmaeili, S.M. Al-Jufaili, A.H. Masoumi, 04 Jan. 2022., Published as part of Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Jufaili, Saud Al, Masoumi, Amir Hassan & Zarei, Fatah, 2022, Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman, pp. 451-503 in Zootaxa 5134 (4) on pages 486-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6541567, {"references":["Randall, J. E. (1995) Coastal Fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 439 pp."]}

Mitochondrial coding genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway play vitally important roles in energy production and thermal adaptation. Investigating the underlying molecular mechanism of mitochondrial adaptive evolution is crucial for understanding biodiversity and ecological radiation. In this study, we collated population genetic studies of marine fish species in the northwestern Pacific based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences, to investigate whether similar patterns could be detected in mitochondrial adaptive evolution. After filtering, nine studies containing eight marine fish species (Ammodytes personatus, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Larimichthys polyactis, Mugil cephalus, Pampus argenteus, Platycephalus sp.1, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and Trachidermus fasciatus) belonging to eight different families were retained. Multiple codon-based approaches were used to identify potential sites under selection in each species. By comparison, our results showed that the posterior part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (particularly codon 372 and its neighboring sites) seemed to be involved in the adaptive evolution process, suggesting potential genetic similarity among distantly related species. We also summarized four types of adaptive patterns in the reviewed species, and suggest that the level of genetic differentiation and mitochondrial adaptive evolution might be correlated. Further studies are needed to confirm such relationship by detecting RNA-level evidence and investigating more species and samples.

In the current study, Myxobolus episquamalis Egusa, Maeno & Sorimachi, 1990 (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida) is reported from the Lebranche mullet Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 in the estuarine region of the Marica Lagoon, State of the Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. To date, this myxozoan species was reported in mullets from Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. The characteristics of M. episquamalis previously reported are similar to the findings of the present study. DNA sequences of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) had 99.7-100% similarity with the sequences of M. episquamalis from North Africa and Asia. Therefore, strong morphological and molecular similarities ensure the identification of M. episquamalis in the current study. Finally, this finding records a new host and locality, revealing the worldwide distribution of this myxozoan species.

Introduction: Joturus pichardi is an important migratory species that inhabits the rivers of the Atlantic zone of Costa Rica and has been little studied. Objective: To describe the diet and reproduction of J. pichardi and its relationship with environmental factors in the Pacuare River basin. Methods: Sixteen sampling sites were selected along the main channel or Pacuare River. The samplings were performed from October 2015 to October 2016. The gonads, stomach, and intestines of seven individuals of J. pichardi were analyzed. The relationship of J. pichardi between the physicochemical variables of the water and the structure of the habitat was analyzed. Results: Twenty individuals were collected at an elevation of 225-235masl. The occurrence of J. pichardi was related to sites with higher river velocity, high values of dissolved oxygen, rock substrate and forest land use. All the individuals analyzed had visceral fat and endoparasites in the stomach. Bryophytes, ferns, macroinvertebrates, and detritus were identified as part of the diet of J. pichardi. According to the analysis of gonads in adults, the individuals were identified in the gonadal state types I, II and V. Conclusions: Our results suggest J. pichardi is an omnivorous species associated with sites with rocks, rapids, well-oxygenated waters, and forest land use. Also, the analysis of gonads coincides with the known reproduction period of the species. Finally, individuals of Neoechinorhynchus spp. are recorded for the first time in stomachs of J. pichardi in Costa Rica. Introducción: Joturus pichardi es una importante especie migratoria que habita en los ríos de la zona Atlántica de Costa Rica y ha sido poco estudiada. Objetivo: Describir la dieta y reproducción de J. pichardi y su relación con factores ambientales en la cuenca del Río Pacuare. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 16 sitios de muestreo a lo largo del canal principal. Los muestreos se realizaron de octubre de 2015 a octubre de 2016. Se analizaron gónadas, estómago e intestinos de siete individuos de J. pichardi. Se analizó la relación de J. pichardi entre las variables fisicoquímicas del agua y la estructura del hábitat. Resultados: Veinte individuos fueron recolectados a una elevación de 225-235msnm. La presencia de J. pichardi se relacionó con sitios con mayor velocidad del río, altos valores de oxígeno disuelto, sustrato de roca y uso de suelo forestal. Todos los individuos analizados tenían grasa visceral y endoparásitos en el estómago. Se identificaron briófitos, helechos, macroinvertebrados y detritos como parte de la dieta de J. pichardi. Según el análisis de las gónadas en adultos, los individuos fueron identificados en el estado gonadal tipos I, II y V. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que J. pichardi es una especie omnívora asociada con sitios con rocas, rápidos, aguas bien oxigenadas y uso de suelo forestal. Además, el análisis de gónadas coincide con el período de reproducción conocido de la especie. Finalmente, individuos de Neoechinorhynchus spp. se registran por primera vez en estómagos de J. pichardi en Costa Rica.

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Flathead Grey Mullet, Grey Mullet, Striped Mullet; Lisa Com��n, Lisa Pardete, Lisa Rayada. Distribution: Global: Circumglobal, in tropical and subtropical waters; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; genetic analyses indicate that this comprises at least 14, mainly allopatric, species (Robertson & Van Tassell 2019, Neves et al. 2020); Costa Rica: To (Atlantic), 0��� 3 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Angulo et al. (2013: 1003; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data), Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 791; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 791; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

The knowledge of the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna continues to grow given the discovery of new taxa, the recognition of taxa resurrected from synonymy and the corroboration of new country records and new range extensions. Moreover, recent advances in the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and status of many supraspecific groups have led to numerous taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. Given this, the purpose of this paper is to update the known composition, distribution and clasification of the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna taking as reference the most recent list for the country published by Angulo et al. (2013). A total of 23 new country records (i.e., species; distributed in 17 families and 21 genera), 33 new range extensions (distributed in 20 families and 30 genera) and several nomenclatural changes are reported, illustrated and discussed here. An updated and annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of the country (including data for a total of 283 species, 13 of which are exotic, distributed in two classes, 27 orders, 55 families and 136 genera) is also provided.

Joturus pichardi Poey, 1860. Bobo Mullet; Bobo, Boca Chica, Lisa de Monta��a, Lisa de R��o, Sabalete Monta��ero. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Tamaulipas, Mexico, Bahamas and the Greater Antilles to Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: SC, Sa, To, Pa, Ma and Si (Atlantic), 0���600 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia (Cat). Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1966: 237; listed, information on distribution), Bussing (1987: 231; 1998: 390; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 1003; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 3861; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836. White Mullet; Lisa Blanca, Lisa Criolla. Distribution: Global: Atlantic Ocean; from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Argentina, in the Western Atlantic, and from the Senegal River outlet to Namibia, in the eastern Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: To, Pa, Ma and Si (Atlantic), 0��� 60 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Angulo et al. (2013: 1003; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Allen (2015: 792; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

7) Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830; Mugilidae. Parassi Mullet, Trench Mullet; Liseta, Lisa Rayada (Fig. 3A). Diagnosis: This species differs from other congeneric species of the family occurring in the freshwaters of the country (Atlantic) by the following combination of characters: pectoral fin length 77.0���80.0% of HL (vs. 66.0��� 74.0% of HL in Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758); vertical scale rows on sides 42���45 (vs. 38���42 in M. cephalus and 36���39 in Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836); anal fin rays 9 (vs. 8 in M. cephalus); and sides of the body without lines or stripes (vs. 6���10 brownish stripes on the sides in M. cephalus). Basis of the record: Twelve specimens were captured in the Tortuguero and Parismina River basins. Eleven specimens were captured in Barra del Colorado, in a lagoon near the mouth of the river, Pococ��, Lim��n (10.77500, -83.58879), at 0 m.a.s.l., on January 9, 1967, by William Bussing et al. (UCR 1067-010). An additional specimen was captured in the r��o Pacuare, near the mouth of the river, Siquirres, Lim��n (10.219424, -83.284898), at 8 m. a.s.l., on July 22, 2004, by Jorge Picado (UCR 2835- 005). Remarks: This species inhabits estuarine areas and coastal environs; it could be considered as an opportunistic visitor of freshwater ecosystems (Robertson & Van Tassell 2019)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Family Mugilidae Jarocki, 1822. Mullets; Lisas. 3 G, 6 S., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630

Dajaus monticola (Bancroft, 1834). Mountain Mullet; Tepemech��n, Mech��n, Mach��n, Lisa, Lisa de R��o, Lisa de Monta��a, Sabalete Monta��ero. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans; from North Carolina, USA, to Venezuela, including the West Indies, in the western Atlantic, and from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru, including the Galapagos and Cocos Islands, in the Eastern Pacific; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: LN, RF, SJ, SC, Sa, To, Pa, Ma, Si (Atlantic), IC, Ni, Te, Be, Ba, Ta, Pi, Tr and Co (Pacific), 0��� 650 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia (Cat). Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1966: 237; listed, information on distribution), Bussing (1987: 230, as Agonostomus monticola ���synonym; 1998: 384, as A. monticola ���synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 1003; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data), Robertson & Allen (2015: 785, as A. monticola ���synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 4696; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021).","Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Unidentified opistognathid. Lissner and Dorsey (1986) observed from a manned submersible a jawfish they were unable to identify at Tanner��� Cortes Bank, southern California., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Lissner, A. L. & Dorsey, J. H. (1986) Deep-water biological assemblages of a hard-bottom bank-ridge complex of the southern California continental borderland. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 85, 87 - 101."]}

Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver, 1895. Hospe Mullet. To 30 cm (11.8 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Atlantic and Pacific sides of Americas (Robertson and Allen 2002); just inside Punta Pequena (26��14���N, 112��27���W), southern Baja California (Personal communication: Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Fish Collection, Los Angeles, California), and Gulf of California to Ecuador (Robertson and Allen 2002). Depth: 0 to 10 m (33 ft) Robertson and Allen 2002)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama."]}

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Flathead Mullet, Grey Mullet, or Striped Mullet. To 135 cm (53.1 in) TL (Robertson and Allen 2002). Circumglobal; western Pacific Ocean north to Japan (Senou in Nakabo 2002), Sea of Okhotsk, and southern Kuril Islands (Parin 2003); Humboldt Bay, northern California (Wallace et al. 2015) to Chile and Islas Gal��pagos (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Coastal, marine, brackish, fresh waters (Fricke et al. 2020); depth: in sea, intertidal to 122 m (400 ft) (min.: Robertson and Allen 2002; max.: Eschmeyer and Herald 1983). Mugil cephalus appears to be a species complex (Neves et al. 2020)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Nakabo, T. (Ed.). (2002) Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.","Parin, N. V. (2003) An annotated catalogue of fish-like vertebrates and fishes of the seas of Russia and adjacent countries: Part 3. Orders Perciformes (excluding suborders Gobioidei, Zoarcoidei and Stichaeoidei) and Tetraodontiformes. Journal of Ichthyology, 43, S 1 - S 40.","Wallace, M., Ojerholm, E. W., Scheiff, A. J. & Kinziger, A. P. (2015) First record of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) in Humboldt Bay, California. California Fish and Game, 101, 286 - 288.","Eschmeyer, W. N. & Herald, E. S. (1983) A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.","Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & van der Laan, R. (Eds). 2020. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, Reference. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 17 April 2021).","Neves, J. M. M., Almeida, J. P. F. A., Sturaro, M. J., Farbre, N. N., Pereira, R. J. & T. Mott, T. (2020) Deep genetic divergence and paraphyly in cryptic species of Mugil fishes (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 18, 116 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2020.1729892"]}

Mugil setosus Gilbert, 1892. Liseta Mullet. Because the previous reported maximum length record, 91 cm (15.8 in) TL (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998), likely represents Mugil curema, the maximum size of this species is unclear. The largest specimen in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection is 39 cm (15.4 in) SL. Mission Creek, Santa Barbara County, southern California (Camm Swift, pers. comm. to M.L.) to Chile (Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995), including Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002), and Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Shallow marine, brackish, and fresh waters (Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995, Argulo et al. 2020); depth: surface (nightlight; Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to 25 m (82 ft) (min.: Thomson and Lehner 1976; max.: Amezcua Linares 1996). We note that Britzke et al. (2019) determined that fish identified as ��� Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 ��� from the eastern Pacific are, in fact, Mugil setosus Gilbert, 1892. Their work, and that of Menezes et al. (2015), limit the geographic range of M. curema to the western South Atlantic. Further research (Neves et al. 2020) suggests that Mugil curema is a species complex., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D. (1998) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Volume 1. University of Texas Press, Austin.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Thomson, D. A. & Lehner, C. E. (1976.) Resilience of a rocky intertidal fish community in a physically unstable environment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 22, 1 - 29.","Amezcua Linares, F. (1996) Peces Demersales de la Platforma Continental del Pacifico Central de Mexico. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.","Britzke, R., Menzies, N. A. & M. Nirchio. (2019) Redescription of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 with comments on the occurrence of Mugil curema Valendiennes 1836 in the Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae). Zootaxa, 4671, 396 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4671.3.5","Menezes, N. A., Nirchio, M., De Oliveira, C. & Siccha-Ramirez, R. (2015) Taxonomic review of the species of Mugil (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae) from the Atlantic South Caribbean and South America, with integration of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3918, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3918.1.1","Neves, J. M. M., Almeida, J. P. F. A., Sturaro, M. J., Farbre, N. N., Pereira, R. J. & T. Mott, T. (2020) Deep genetic divergence and paraphyly in cryptic species of Mugil fishes (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae). Systematics and Biodiversity, 18, 116 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2020.1729892"]}

Chaenomugil proboscideus (G��nther, 1861). Snouted Mullet or Thick-lipped Mullet. To 22 cm (8.7 in) TL (Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995). Bah��a Magdalena, southern Baja California (Personal communication: Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Fish Collection, Los Angeles, California) to Panama, including lower Gulf of California (Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995). Depth: surface (nightlight; Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to 46 m (151 ft) (min.: Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2014; max.: Personal communication: Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Fish Collection, Los Angeles, California)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Castellanos-Galindo, G. A., Giraldo, A. & Zapata, F. A. (2014) Tidepool fish assemblages of Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific coast: a local and regional comparison). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 62 (Supplement 1), 373 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 62 i 0.16362"]}

* Dojaus monticola (Bancroft, 1834). Mountain Mullet. To 36 cm (14.2 in) TL (Harrison in Fischer et al. 1995). Southern tip of Baja California (Robertson and Allen 2015) to northern Peru, including Gulf of California (Robertson and Allen 2002), and Islas Gal��pagos (Fricke et al. 2020). Marine, brackish, and fresh waters (Fricke et al. 2020); depth: intertidal (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), and surface (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California). Formerly Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft, 1834), we follow Durand in Crosetti and Blaber (2016) and place this species in the genus Dojaus., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & van der Laan, R. (Eds). 2020. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, Reference. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 17 April 2021).","Crosetti, D. & Blaber, S. (2016) Biology, Ecology and Culture of Grey Mullet (Mugilidae). CRC Press, Boca Raton. Cross, J. N. (1981) Structure of a Rocky Intertidal Fish Assemblage. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. Cross, J. N. (1987) Demersal fishes of the upper continental slope off southern California. CalCOFI Reports, 28, 155 - 167."]}

Within the fish taxon Mugiliformes, the larval development of Mugil cephalus has been studied most intensively, because it has the widest range of distribution among all mugilids and is of interest to aquaculture all over the world. Although numerous studies have dealt with larval rearing, growth and development, the osteological development of M. cephalus and mugiliforms in general has largely been neglected. Herein, we describe the skeletal development of mullets for the first time. Cleared and double-stained specimens of aquaculture-reared M. cephalus and wild-caught mugilid larvae were examined to describe the early development of the pectoral and pelvic girdle, the vertebral column and the caudal and median fins. The description of four embryonic and six larval developmental steps within the embryonic and larval period enables us to compare larval sizes of reared and wild-caught larvae. Ontogenetic fusions of ural centra 1 and 2 into a compound centrum, in addition to the fusion of two pterygiophores in the anal fin, have implications for the perception of the adult morphology. Moreover, comparison of mugilid development with that of other ovalentarian taxa shows that recent phylogenetic hypotheses need further morphological investigation.

Dajaus monticola (Bancroft, 1834) is an amphidromous species of mugilid known from South and Central America and the islands of the Caribbean but is rarely collected in Gulf coast states of the United States. Two new records of D. monticola collected from the Gulf of Mexico (Brazoria Co.) and the Brazos River (Washington Co.) are reported from Texas. The rare occurrence of D. monticola in Texas is discussed and diagnostic characters used to distinguish this species from other mugilids found in Texas are reevaluated.

Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskal 1775) is a fish species newly identified with molecular analysis and reported in Korea for the first time. A single specimen of C. crenilabis was collected from a ti...

CEPOLIDAE Cepola rubescens Linnaeus, 1766 Cepola rubescens: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Tom, 1976 (Heb.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Levitt, 2012. MUGILIDAE Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1826) Mugil chelo: W. Steinitz, 1927; Spicer, 1931; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Bogard, 1955 (Heb.); Perlmutter, 1956; Abraham et al., 1966 (Rep.); Benczel, 1967b (Gro., Heb.); Bentczel, 1968 (Gro., Heb.); Yashouv & Brener-Samsonsov, 1970 (Rep.); Paperna & Overstreet, 1981 (Parasit.). Mugil labrosus: Liebman, 1934; Bograd Zismann, 1960 (Heb.); Bograd Zismann, 1961 (Heb.); Paperna & Overstreet, 1981 (Parasit.). Mugil provensalis: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c. Liza provensalis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.). Chelon labrosus: Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Syst.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Ben-Yami, 1981 (Aqu.); Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Diamant et al., 1986; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. Chelon ramada (Risso 1826) Mugil capito: Spicer, 1931; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Bograd, 1955 (Heb.); Perlmutter, 1956 Bograd Zismann, 1960 (Heb.); Abraham, 1963a (Rep.); Abraham, 1963b (Rep.); Abraham et al., 1966 (Rep.); Bentczel, 1968 (Gro., Heb.); Yashouv & Brener-Samsonsov, 1970 (Rep.); Ben-Yami & Grofit, 1981 (Fish.); Brusle, 1981 (Rep.); Paperna & Overstreet, 1981 (Parasit.). Mugil ramada: Liebman, 1934; Bograd Zismann, 1961 (Heb.). Liza ramada: Benczel, 1967a (Gro., Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Zismann et al., 1974 (Juv., Feed.); Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Syst.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Ben-Yami, 1981 (Aqu.); Golani & Kredo, 1981 (Fish., Heb.); Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2003; Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Goren & Galil, 2005; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.). Liza ramado: Golani et al., 2007. Chelon saliens (Risso 1810) Mugil saliens: Liebman, 1934; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Bogard, 1955 (Heb.); Perlmutter, 1956; Bograd Zismann, 1960 (Heb.); Bograd Zismann, 1961 (Heb.); Abraham et al., 1966 (Rep.); Bentczel, 1968 (Gro., Heb.); Yashouv & Brener-Samsonsov, 1970 (Rep.); Brusle, 1981 (Rep.); Paperna & Overstreet, 1981 (Parasit.). Liza saliens: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Zismann et al., 1974 (Juv. & Feed.); Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Syst.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Ben-Yami, 1981 (Aqu.); Ben-Yami & Grofit, 1981 (Fish.); Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005. Liza aurata (Risso, 1810):343 Ichthyol. Nice. Mugil auratus: Spicer, 1931; Liebman, 1934; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Perlmutter, 1956; Bograd Zismann, 1960 (Heb.); Bograd Zismann, 1961 (Heb.); Benczel, 1967b (Gro., Heb.); Bentczel, 1968 (Gro., Heb.); Yashouv & Brener-Samsonsov, 1970 (Rep.); Brusle, 1981 (Rep.); Paperna & Overstreet, 1981 (Parasit.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.). Liza aurata: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Syst.); Chervinski, 1975 (Aqu.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Chervinski, 1976 (Gro.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.); Ben-Yami, 1981 (Aqu.); Ben-Yami & Grofit, 1981 (Fish.); Golani & Kredo, 1981 (Fish., Heb.); Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Darom & Tsurnamal, 1992 (Heb.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2003; Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. Edelist et al. 2011a (Fisher.); Levitt, 2012; Goren, et al., 2016. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Mugil cephalotus: W. Steinitz, 1927; Bodenheimer, 1935. Mugil cephalus: Spicer, 1931; Liebman, 1934; Bodenheimer, 1935; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Bogard, 1955 (Heb.); Perlmutter, 1956; Bograd Zismann, 1960 (Heb.); Bograd Zismann, 1961 (Heb.); Abraham, 1963a (Rep.); Abraham, 1963b (Rep.); Abraham et al., 1966 (Rep.); Abraham et al., 1968 (Rep.); Bentczel, 1968 (Gro., Heb.); Yashouv & Brener-Samsonsov, 1970 (Rep,); Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Zismann et al., 1974 (Juv., Feed.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Azoury, 1979 (Gen. Biol., Rep., Heb.); Ben-Yami, 1981 (Aqu.); Ben-Yami & Grofit, 1981 (Fish.); Brusle, 1981 (Rep.); Golani & Kredo, 1981 (Fish., Heb.); Paperna & Overstreet, 1981 (Parasit.); Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Ben-Tuvia, 1983d (Fish.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1984 (Fish.); Diamant et al., 1986; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Goren & Galil, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Gweta et al., 2008; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.). Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829) Mugil labeo: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Bograd, 1955 (Heb.); Perlmutter, 1956. Oedalechilus labeo: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Syst.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Ben-Yami & Grofit, 1981 (Fish.); Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Golani, 1996; Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005. Oedalchilus labeo: Diamant et al., 1986; Golani et al., 2007. * Planiliza carinata (Valenciennes 1836) Liza carinata: Ben-Tuvia, 1966; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Syst.); Zismann & Ben-Tuvia, 1975 (Juv.); Ben-Tuvia, 1978; Por, 1978; Zismann, 1981 (Syst.); Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005. CICHLIDAE Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) Tilapia zillii: Chervinski, 1972; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Ethad, 2004 (Heb.); Golani, 2005. POMACENTRIDAE * Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Abudefduf saxatilis: Tsadok et al., 2014 * Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Abudefduf vaigiensis: Goren & Galil, 1998; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) Heliases chromis: Steinitz, 1955. Chromis chromis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1985; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Fishelson, 2001; Fishelson et al., 2002; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006; Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef). LABRIDAE Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758) Coris Julis: W. Steinitz, 1927. Coris julis: Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1983; Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1985; Diamant et al., 1986; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef). * Pteragogus trispilus Randall, 2013 Pteragogus pelycus: Golani & Sonin, 1992 (Misident.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. Symphodus cinereus (Bonnaterre, 1788) Crenilabrus griseus: Bodenheimer, 1937. Symphodus cinereus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Symphodus mediterraneus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Spanier et al., 1983; Spanier et al., 1985; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef). Symphodus melops (Linnaeus, 1758) Symphodus melops: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Symphodus ocellatus Forsskål, 1775 Symphodus ocellatus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Diamant et al., 1986; Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810) Crenilabrus quinquemaculatus: W. Steinitz, 1927; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Diamant et al., 1986. Symphodus quinquemaculatus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Tom, 1976 (Heb.). Symphodus roissali: Golani, 1996; Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Galil & Goren, 2019. Symphodus (Crenilabrus) roissali: Golani, 1997 (Heb.). Symphodus rostratus (Bloch, 1797) Symphodus rostratus: Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) Crenilabrus pavo: Spicer, 1931; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937. Symphodus pavo: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Symphodus tinca: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1983; Spanier et al., 1985; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Frid, 2015 (Fish.). Symphodus (Crenilabrus) tinca: Golani, 1997 (Heb.). Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758) Julis pavo: W. Steinitz, 1927; Spicer, 1931; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937. Julio pavo: Bodenheimer, 1935. Thalassoma pavo: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.); Spanier et al., 1983; Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Spanier et al., 1985; Diamant et al., 1986; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Spanier et al., 1990; Spanier, 1995; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Fishelson, 2001; Fishelson et al., 2002; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Edelist, 2006 (Art. Reef); Golani et al., 2007; Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef); Galil & Goren, 2019. Xyrichthys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) Xyrichthys novacula: Spicer, 1931; Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Sonin, 2009 (Heb.); Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012. SCARIDAE * Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 Scarus ghobban: Golani, 2002a; Goren & Aronov, 2002; Golani et al., 2004; Golani, 2005; Golani & Levy, 2005; Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef). Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758) Scarichthys (coeruleopunctatus): W. Steinitz, 1927. Scarus cretensis: Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Spanier et al., 1990; Spanier, 1995. Sparisoma cretense: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Diamant et al., 1986; Spanier et al., 1989a; Spanier et al., 1989b; Golani, 1996; Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Frid, 2015 (Fish.). Euscarus cretensis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.). Sparisoma (Euscarus) cretense: Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Edelist & Spanier, 2009 (Art. Reef); Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef). CHAMPSODONTIDAE * Champsodon nudivttis (Ogilby, 1895): Champsodon nudivttis: Goren et al., 2011; Levitt, 2012; Karahan et al., 2017 (Gen.) Goren et al., 2019; Stern et al., 2019 (Gen.). TRACHINIDAE Echiichthys vipera (Cuvier, 1829) Trachinus vipera: W. Steinitz, 1927; Liebman, 1934; Bodenheimer, 1935; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a. Echiichthys vipera: Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005. Trachinus araneus Cuvier, 1829: Trachinus araneus: Dor, 1959; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Tom, 1976 (Heb.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Gweta et al., 2008 (Pois.); Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012. Trachinus draco Linnaeus, 1758 Trachinus draco: W. Steinitz, 1927; Spicer, 1931; Liebman, 1934; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben- Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Diamant et al., 1986; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Gweta et al., 2008 (Pois.); Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Frid, 2015 (Fish.). Trachinus radiatus Cuvier, 1829 Trachinus radiatus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.). URANOSCOPIDAE Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus, 1758 Uranoscopus scaber: Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Tom, 1976 (Heb.); Fischthal, 1980 (Parasit.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Stern, 2010; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012; Gilaad et al., 2017. TRIPTERYGIIDAE Tripterygion delaisi Cadenat & Blache, 1970 Tripterygion delaisi: Golani, 1996; Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Tripterygion melanurus Guichenot, 1850 Tripterygion melanurus: Bath, 1973 (Syst.); Zander & Heymer, 1976 (Syst., Ecol.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Tripterygion tripteronotus (Risso, 1810) Tripterygion tripteronotus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Bath, 1973 (Syst.); Zander & Heymer, 1976 (Syst., Ecol.); Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Diamant et al., 1986; Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Kovačić & Golani, 2007. CLINIDAE Clinitrachus argentatus (Risso, 1810) Clinus argentatus: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a. Clinitrachus variabilis: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a. Cristiceps argentatus: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Diamant, 1983 (Heb.). Clinitrachus argentatus: Diamant et al., 1986; Townsend & El Rashidi, 1991 (Ichthyoplan.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. BLENNIDAE Aidablennius sphynx (Valenciennes, 1836) Blennius sphinx: Steinitz, 1949 -50; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a. Aidablennius sphinx: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.). Blennius sphynx: Diamant 1986. Aidablennius sphynx: Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Blennius ocellaris Linnaeus, 1758 Blennius ocellaris: Steinitz, 1949 -50; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Tom, 1976 (Heb.); Helden & Wirtz, 1985 (Syst.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Spanier, 2000 (Art. Reef); Golani, 2005; Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Levitt, 2012, Goren et al., 2019. Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 1758) Blennius galerita: W. Steinitz, 1927; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Steinitz, 1949 -50; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant et al., 1986. Coryphoblennius galerita: Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Hypleurochilus bananensis (Poll, 1959) Hypleurochilus phrynus: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a. Hypleurochilus bananensis: Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. Istiblennius meleagris (Valencinnes, 1836) Istiblennius meleagris: Rothman et al., 2020 Lipophrys canevae (Vinciguerra, 1880) Blennius canevae: Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant et al., 1986. Lipophrys canevae: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007. Lipophrys canevai: Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.). Lipophrys nigriceps (Vinciguerra, 1883) Lipophrys nigriceps: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005. Blennius nigriceps: Diamant, 1983 (Heb.); Diamant et al., 1986. Lipophrys trigloides (Valenciennes, 1836) Blennius trigloides: Steinitz, 1949 -50; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant et al., 1986. Paralipophrys trigloides: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.). Lipophrys trigloides: Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Omobranchus punctatus (Valenciennes, 1836) Omobranchus punctatus: Golani, 2004; Golani, 2005. Parablennius gattorugine (Brünnich, 1768) Blennius gattorugine: Steinitz, 1949 -50; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-Tuvia, 1953c; Ben-Tuvia, 1971a. Parablennius gattorugine: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.); Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Parablennius incognitus (Bath, 1968) Blennius incognitus: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a; Diamant et al., 1986. Pictiblennius incognitus: Diamant, 1977 (Heb.). Parablennius incognitus: Golani, 1996; Goren & Galil, 1998 (Heb.); Ogorek, 1999; Golani, 2003; Golani, 2005; Golani et al., 2007; Galil & Goren, 2019. Parablennius rouxi (Cocco, 1833) Parablennius rouxi: Golani, 1996; Golani, 2005; Lipsky, 2012 (Art. Reef). Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1811) Blennius palaestinensis: W. Steinitz, 1927; Bodenheimer, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937. Blennius sanguinolentus: Steinitz, 1949 -50; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Ben-T

This checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel enumerates 469 species which is an addition of 62 species since the previous checklist of 2005. This new checklist includes 58 Condrichthys and 411 Osteicthys species. Most newly-recorded species are of Red Sea origin (Lessepsian migrants)—38 species, 25 species are from previously poorly investigated habitats, mainly deep water, while two species reached the Mediterranean most likely by ballast water and two are aquaculture escapees. The dramatic increase in the number of Lessepsian migrants (an average of 2.5 species per year) is most likely due to the increased water influx between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, following the recent opening of the new parallel, 72 km, “new canal” and the enlargement of other parts of the Suez Canal.

Osteomugil perusii (Valenciennes, 1836) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 3, 140– 145 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 4 Mar. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (81) 00003. • 1, 162 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 19 Mar. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (81) 00004., Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 622, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601

Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775) Figure 3N Material examined. MALAYSIA • 3, 169– 180 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 19 Mar. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (81) 00007., Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 622, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601

Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 2, 195 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 19 Mar. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (81) 00006., Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 622, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601

Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858) (Figure: 4) D1: IV; D2: 8–9 A: III, 9; Pc: 14–16; Pl: I, 5 L. S: 37–39; T.S: 11–12 Local name. Boi, Pharra (Sin); Murbo, Anjara (Bal) FAO name. Speigler’s mullet Material examined. 10 specimens of 146–326 mm TL. Diagnosis. Body depth 25–29% of SL at origin of first dorsal fin, 21–23% of SL at anal and second dorsal fins, and 12–13% SL at caudal peduncle. First dorsal fin origin is nearer to the snout tip than to caudal fin base. Second dorsal fin origin is posterior to a quarter of anal fin base. Pectoral fin length is 24–26% of SL and 85–92% HL. Pectoral axillary scale is long and distinct. Scale numbers: Scale numbers: 37–39 in longitudinal series and 11–12 scales in transverse series. Description. Body robust. Head depth is more than its width and dorsally flattened. Length of head is almost equal to body depth at first dorsal fin origin. Snout blunt and short. Adipose eye fold covers most of the eye. Ter-minal mouth, thin lips, upper jaw extends slightly beyond the lower jaw. Maxilla slender and slightly curved down posteriorly, hind tip of maxilla complete or partially hidden when mouth closed. Nostrils widely separated from each other, the upper rim of orbit levels with posterior nostril, anterior nostril is closer to lip than posterior nostril. Both dorsal fins are scaled antero-basally and emarginated. Caudal fin is forked. First pectoral fin has 14–16 spines and is long past beyond the level of first dorsal fin origin. Pelvic fin is smaller than pectoral fin and closer to the first dorsal fin origin than to posterior part of the head. Scales are ctenoid with membranous, digitated hind margin. Color. Bluish green dorsally, abdomen and flanks silvery, caudal and first dorsal fin with black margin, pectoral fin yellowish with black spot at its base, anal and ventral fins yellowish white. Distribution. Karachi fishing port, WWFH (Sandpit), Jiwani, Pasni and Gwadar coast., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027

Planiliza melinopterus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Figure: 11) D1: IV; D2: 8 A: III, 9; Pc: 13–15; Pl: I, 5 L. S: 26–32; T.S: 9–11 Local name: Boi, Mori (Sin); Murbo (BAL); large scale mullet (Eng) FAO name: Otemebora mullet Material examined. 29 specimens of 130–246 mm TL. Diagnosis. Body depth is 24–31% of SL at origin of first dorsal fin, 22–26% of SL at anus and 11–15 % of SL at caudal peduncle. Head pointed, deeper than wide and flattened dorsally. First dorsal fin originates nearer to base of caudal fin than to tip of snout. Second dorsal fin originates at vertical almost behind half of anal fin base. Pectoral fin 17–22% of SL and 70–81% of HL. Scale numbers: 26–32 in lateral series and 9–11 scales in transverse series. Description. Body moderately robust, well compressed at caudal peduncle, body profile convex, snout to fin dorsal fin origin nearly straight in adults. Head length more or less equal to body depth. Adipose eye-fold is not well developed usually as narrow rim around eye. Snout depressed with blunt profile and shorter than eye diameter. Mouth terminal, lips thin. Distal part of maxilla moderately curved down. Dorsal fins are emarginated and scaled basally. Caudal fin is emarginated and scaled. Pectoral fin has I, 13–15 rays not reaching to the origin of first dorsal fin, Pectoral axillary scale absent. Ventral fins are shorter than pectoral fin. Scales are ctenoid. Color. Dorsally olive brown, flanks silvery, abdomen whitish ventrally, upper scale rows with faint longitudinal stripes, dorsal and caudal fins dusky, anal and ventral fins white. Distribution. Distributed in Indo-Pacific region. Collected from Karachi Fishing port, WWFH (Sandpit), Indus delta, Damb., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027, {"references":["Valenciennes, A. (1836) Mugiloides. In: Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des poisons. Vol. 11. Tome Onzieme, Levrault, F. G., Paris & Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 127."]}

Chelon planiceps (Valenciennes, 1836) (Figure: 14) D1: IV; D2: 8 A: III, 9; Pc: 14���15; Pl: I, 5 L. S: 33���34; T.S: 11���13 Local name: Boi, Chhodi (Sin); Mundi (Bal) FAO name: Tade mullet Material examined. 7 specimens of 170���183 mm TL Diagnosis. B ody depth at origin of first dorsal fin is 26���28 % of SL, 29���31% of SL at anal fin and 12% of SL at caudal peduncle. Head pointed, broad and dorsally depressed. Second spine of first dorsal fin is slightly larger than the first spine. Pectoral fin 20���21% of SL, 69���71 % of HL. Scale numbers: 33���34 in longitudinal series and 11���13 in transverse series Description. Body elongated, quite slender, body depth is smaller than HL. Snout pointed, shorter than eye TABLE I. Morphometric data and meristic counts of six mullet species in two genera collected from the Pakistan coast. ......continud on the next page ) ......continud on the next page ) diameter. Adipose eye-fold developed moderately and covering almost entire iris. Terminal mouth, thin lips, lower lips directed forward. First dorsal fin origin is nearer to the base of caudal fin than to the snout tip. Second dorsal fin origin is at vertical behind one third or half of anal fin base. Dorsal and anal fins are relatively curved and basally scaled. Forked caudal fin. First pectoral fin has 14���15 spines reaching to the first dorsal fin origin. Axillary scale on pectoral fin is reduced. Scales Ctenoid. Color. Dorsally olive or greenish brown, flanks silvery, ventrally whitish, upper scale rows with 5���7 indistinct longitudinal stripes. Light brown to greyish dorsal fin, yellowish pectoral fin, greyish to light blue caudal fin with black edges. Distribution: Collected from Keti Bunder, Gwadar and Pasni. Remarks. The distinctive character of C. planiceps is its pointed, depressed head. It is similar to L. subviridis and L.parsia in number of scale counts, well developed adipose tissue and number of fin rays., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on pages 145-149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027, {"references":["Valenciennes, A. (1836) Mugiloides. In: Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des poisons. Vol. 11. Tome Onzieme, Levrault, F. G., Paris & Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 127."]}

Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) (Figure: 9) D1: IV; D2: 8 A: III, 9; Pc: 15–17; Pl: I, 5 L. S: 32–33; T.S: 11–13 Local name: Boi, Parse (Sin); Polat, Murbo (BAL) FAO name: Gold-spot mullet Material examined. 5 specimens of 320–323 mm TL. Diagnosis. Body depth at origin of first dorsal fin is 21–23% of SL, 20–23% of SL at anal fin and 10–12% of SL at caudal. Center of pupil below the mid-gape horizontally. Origin of first dorsal fin nearer to the tip of snout than to the base of caudal fin. Origin of second dorsal fin one third to half along the base of anal fin vertically. Pectoral fin 21–23% of SL, 77–78% of HL. Scale numbers: 32–33 in lateral series, 11–13 scales in transverse series. Description. Body somewhat slender, head wide, flattened dorsally. Adipose eye-fold is fairly developed, covers most of the posterior part of iris and partially covers part of anterior iris. Thin lips, anterior rim of eye and posterior nostril vertically level with hind tip of upper jaw. Wide pre-orbital bone completely filling the space between lip and eye, anteriorly notched. Pectoral fin has I, 15–17 soft rays not reaching to the origin of first dorsal fin horizontally Pectoral axillary scale is absent. Second dorsal and anal fins are well scaled. Anal fin with 3 spines, 9 soft rays. Scales ctenoid. Color. Dorsally greenish brown, white to silver ventrally, base of caudal, anal and second dorsal fin yellowish, other fins off-white with dusky margins, operculum has golden spot. Distribution. It is distributed along the coast of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and Andaman Island. Collected from Karachi fishing port, rarely found at Baluchistan coast. Remarks. Liza parsia is the only species of the genus Liza whose mid-gape is above the center of pupil., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027

Genus Valamugil Smith, 1948, p.841 Diagnosis. Mouth is terminal and simple; lips thin without lamellae, fleshy lobes or papillae between lower jaw’s rami. Lower lip projected forward, not folded downwards. Both lips contain minute ciliform teeth or teeth can be absent. Adipose eye fold variably developed, absent in some species. Nostrils quite separated from each other, anterior nostril closer to lip than to posterior nostril. Maxilla slender and weakly curved down posteriorly. When mouth closed, posterior tip of maxilla fully or partially concealed. Ctenoid scales with membranous digitated hind margins. Long pectoral fin reaches to or passed beyond the level of the origin of first dorsal fin. Its insertion is at level or higher than upper eye rim. Pectoral axillary scale large and prominent. Second dorsal fin origin behind one third of anal fin base vertically. Anal fin possesses 3 spines. Long axillary scale on pelvic fin. Caudal fin forked or emarginated., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027, {"references":["Smith, J. L. B. (1948) A generic revision of the mugilid fishes of South Africa. Annual Magazine of Natural History, South Africa, 11 (14), 833 - 843."]}

Genus Liza Jordan & Swain, 1884, p.261 Diagnosis. Mouth is terminal; thin lips without fleshy lobes on lower jaw. Lower lip is projected forward. Ciliform or setiform teeth in one or more rows present in each lip. Nostrils nearer to each other than to eye or lip. Maxilla curved downwards and visible at the corner of closed mouth. Pectoral axillary scale is small or absent. Pectoral fin inserted at level of upper rim of eye horizontally. Anal fin has III spines. Remarks. Owing to the molecular phylogeny of Mugilidae all Liza spp. found in Indo-Pacific region belongs to genus Planiliza Whitley, 1945 (Durand et al., 2012 b, Xia et al., 2016)., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on page 141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027, {"references":["Jordan, D. S. & Swain, J. (1884) A review of the American species of marine Mugilidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 7 (743), 261 - 275","Whitley, G. P. (1945) New sharks and fishes from Western Australia Part 2. Australian Zoologist, 11 (1), 1 - 43.","Durand, J. D., Chen, W. J., Shen, K. N., Fu, C. & Borsa, P. (2012 a) Genus level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology- based taxonomic studies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 64, 73 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.03.006"]}

Genus Chelon Artedi, 1793 Diagnosis. Moderately deep body, mouth wide ventrally, lower lip thin, not curved downwards, no crenulations, papillae or folds, upper lip thick, posterior tip of maxilla sigmoid, curved over pre-maxilla and visible when mouth closed. Teeth absent in lower lip. Adipose eye-fold weakly developed usually forms a narrow rim around eye. Wide pre-orbital bone filling space between eye and lip. Nostrils nearer to each other than to eye or lip. Insertion of pectoral fin level with or slightly below upper rim of eye, not reaching to the level of first dorsal fin. Pectoral axillary scale is rudimentary or absent. Caudal fin is forked. Scales either ctenoid or cycloid but without denticulations on hind margin., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027

Osteomugil engeli (Bleeker, 1858) (Figure: 7) D1: IV; D2: 8 A: III, 9; Pc: 14–16; Pl: I, 5 L. S: 30–35; T.S: 9–12 Local name. Kanda FAO name. Boi, Pharra (Sin), Murbo (Bal) Material examined. 24 specimens of 124–326 mm TL. Diagnosis. Body depth 26–30% of SL at first dorsal fin origin, 21–25% of SL at anal and second dorsal fin origin and 12–14% of SL at caudal peduncle depth. First dorsal fin origin is nearer to base of caudal fin than to the tip of snout. Second dorsal fin origin at vertical, posterior to one quarter or one third of the base of anal fin. Pectoral fin 22–26 % of SL and 70–92 % of head length HL. Scale numbers: 30–35 scales in longitudinal series, 9–12 scales in transverse series. Description. Robust body. Head deeper than wide, dorsally flattened, its length is equal to or slightly greater than body depth. Eye diameter is 23–30 % of HL. Adipose eye fold developed adequately covering most of the eye. Terminal mouth, thin lips, slender maxilla slightly curved downwards. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins are emarginated and basally scaled. Pelvic fin is shorter than the length of pectoral fin. First pectoral fin has14–16 falcate and long spines reach to the level of first dorsal fin or passed beyond it. Pectoral axillary scale long. Scales are ctenoid having membranous digitated hind margin. Color. Dorsally olive, silver abdomen and flanks, dorsal, anal, pelvic and caudal fins are hyaline. Pectoral fin hyaline with dark spot at origin. Distribution. Widespread across Indo-Pacific region. Collected from Fishing port Karachi, Somniani, Keti Bunder., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on pages 139-140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027

Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Figure: 3) D1:1V; D2:8; A: III, 8; Pc: 15–17; Pl: 1, 5; L.S: 26–28; T.S: 8–10 Local name. Mangan (Sin); Murbo (Bal); Diamond scale mullet (Eng.) FAO name. Square-tail mullet Material examined. 5 specimens of 239–323 TL. Diagnosis. The almost straight caudal fin is a peculiar character for E. vaigiensis. Body depth at first dorsal fin is 24 to 26% of SL; depth at anal fin is 24 to 27% of SL. First dorsal fin origin distinctly nearer to base of caudal fin than to snout tip. Second dorsal fin at vertical originate behind half to one-third of anal fin. Anal fin with III spines and 8 soft rays. Caudal fin is truncated. Scales numbers: 24 to 26 in lateral series and 8–9 in transverse series. Description. Body robust, dorsally straight in lateral profile, caudal peduncle deep, Head broad, dorsally flattened, wider than deep length which is 26 to 28% of SL. Adipose eye fold less developed only as rim around eye, pre-orbital bone is wide filling the space between lip and eye. Mouth terminal, lips thin, Upper lip with 1 or 2 rows of very short, unicuspid, setiform teeth. Maxilla slightly curved below. Eye diameter is 18 to 20% of HL. Snout longer than eye diameter. Anal fin higher than 2 nd dorsal fin and both fins higher than 1 st dorsal fin. Pectoral fins with I spine and 15 to 18 soft rays; short, just reaching origin of first dorsal fin; pectoral fins are 21 to 23% of SL and 76 to 81% HL; greater than length of snout; pectoral axillary scale absent. Pelvic fin smaller than pectoral fin. Scales weakly ctenoid. Color. Dorsally green to olive brown, silver flanks, white to pale yellow abdomen, about 5–6 longitudinal stripes on upper scale rows, blackish pectoral fins. Pelvic, anal and caudal fin dusky and darker at margins. Yellow patches on iris. Distribution. Along Damb, Keti Bunder and Soneri beach., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on pages 135-136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027

Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) (Figure: 10) D1: IV; D2: 8 A: III, 9; Pc: 15–17; Pl: I, 5 L. S: 26–33; T.S: 9–11 Local name: Boi, Chhodi (Sin); Murbo, Maing (Bal) FAO name: Green back mullet Material examined. 30 specimens of 129–251 mm TL. Diagnosis. Greenish body dorsally with 4–7 longitudinal stripes on upper rows of longitudinal scales Body depth at first dorsal fin origin is 25–29% of SL, 22–26% of SL at origin of anal fin and 12–14% of SL at caudal peduncle. First dorsal fin origin nearer to base of caudal fin or midway between them. Second dorsal fin originates 1/3 posterior to anal fin base at vertical. Pectoral fin 70–81% of head length and 18–22% of SL. Scale numbers: 26–33 scales in longitudinal series and 9–11 scales in transverse series. Description. Body moderately robust but not deep. Head broad, wide and dorsally flattened; head length is greater than its width and is 23–27% of SL. Eye diameter is 21–30% of HL. Snout blunt and smaller than eye diameter. Adipose eye fold partially developed. Terminal mouth, thin lips, lower lip directed forward. Maxilla tip visible from the corner of closed mouth. Narrow pre-orbital bone, partially fills space between lip and eye. Pectoral fin I, 15–16 rays, not reaching to the level of 1 st dorsal fin. Pectoral axillary scale is either rudimentary or absent. Color. Dorsally dark green and laterally silvery to whitish ventrally, 4–7 longitudinal stripes on upper rows of longitudinal scales, pectoral fin dull green to yellowish, light green to greyish dorsal fin, anal and ventral fins dull yellow, bluish caudal fin with black margin. Distribution. It is collected from Karachi fishing port, Somniani, Indus delta, Damb, Jiwani and Gwadar., Published as part of Hasan, Ariba & Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal Ahmed, 2020, Taxonomic study of the family Mugilidae from Pakistan coast (northern Arabian Sea), pp. 131-151 in Zootaxa 4881 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4426027, {"references":["Valenciennes, A. (1836) Mugiloides. In: Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (Eds.), Histoire naturelle des poisons. Vol. 11. Tome Onzieme, Levrault, F. G., Paris & Strasbourg, pp. 1 - 127."]}