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2. Development of a new automated IL-6 immunoassay

Author

Israeli, Eitan, Okura, Hideaki, Kreutz, Barry, Piktel, Ryan, Hadji, Abbas, Tu, Bailin, Lin, Zhihong, Hawksworth, David J., Tieman, Bryan C., Strobel, Carolyn J., Ziemann, Robert, Leary, Thomas P., Muerhoff, A. Scott, and Hemken, Philip M.

Published
2022
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6. Pre-analytical considerations in the development of a prototype SARS-CoV-2 antigen ARCHITECT automated immunoassay

Author

Hemken, Philip M., primary, Israeli, Eitan, additional, Taylor, Russell, additional, Jacobson, Chris, additional, Datwyler, Maria, additional, Geissler, Rene, additional, Hadji, Abbas, additional, Jeanblanc, Nicolette, additional, Pandya, Kinnari, additional, Marcinkus, Marilee, additional, Piktel, Ryan, additional, Bogdan, M. Felicia, additional, Rodgers, Mary, additional, Anderson, Mark, additional, Ziemann, Robert, additional, Tieman, Bryan C., additional, Hawksworth, David, additional, Moore, Jeffrey, additional, Otis, Kathy S., additional, Marohnic, Christopher C., additional, Corby, Josie, additional, Tu, Bailin, additional, Lin, Zhihong, additional, Kar, Alak, additional, Hartnett, James, additional, Strobel, Carolyn, additional, Gregory, Svetoslava, additional, Rae, Tracey, additional, Muerhoff, A. Scott, additional, Brophy, Susan, additional, Hackett, John R., additional, Daghfal, David, additional, Faron, Matthew L., additional, Cruz, Amorina, additional, Mohr, Phaedre, additional, Sokoll, Lori, additional, and Davis, Gerard J., additional

Published
2023
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7. Methods to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid mutations on antigen detection by rapid diagnostic tests

Author

Tieman, Bryan C, primary, Kovacs, Stephen, additional, Rodgers, Mary A, additional, Mohaimani, Aurash, additional, Gregory, Svetoslava, additional, Christensen, David, additional, Moore, Jeffrey A, additional, Schurig-Briccio, Lici, additional, Hartnett, James, additional, Kar, Alak, additional, Leeman, Aaron, additional, Palmer, Angel, additional, Rogers, Lauren, additional, Dragoo, Brian, additional, Muszynski, Steven, additional, Noblesmith, Deborah, additional, Gardner, Samantha, additional, Snipe-Bushey, Abigail, additional, Kill, Anna, additional, Luo, Xinxin, additional, Cherukuri, Sneha, additional, Rae, Tracey, additional, Marohnic, Christopher C, additional, Cloherty, Gavin A, additional, Muerhoff, Anthony Scott, additional, and Hemken, Philip M, additional

Published
2022
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18. Proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae

Author

Smith, Donald B., Meyers, Gregor, Bukh, Jens, Gould, Ernest A., Monath, Thomas, Muerhoff, A. Scott, Pletnev, Alexander, Rico-Hesse, Rebecca, Stapleton, Jack T., Simmonds, Peter, and Becher, Paul

Subjects
Sheep, Animal, Swine, Short Communication, Goats, viruses, Pestivirus Infections, Rats, taxonomy, ICTV, Pestivirus, Animals, Cattle, Positive-strand RNA Viruses, Phylogeny, Taxonomy
Abstract

We propose the creation of seven new species in the genus Pestivirus (family Flaviviridae) in addition to the four existing species, and naming species in a host-independent manner using the format Pestivirus X. Only the virus species names would change; virus isolates would still be referred to by their original names. The original species would be re-designated as Pestivirus A (original designation Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1), Pestivirus B (Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2), Pestivirus C (Classical swine fever virus) and Pestivirus D (Border disease virus). The seven new species (and example isolates) would be Pestivirus E (pronghorn pestivirus), Pestivirus F (Bungowannah virus), Pestivirus G (giraffe pestivirus), Pestivirus H (Hobi-like pestivirus), Pestivirus I (Aydin-like pestivirus), Pestivirus J (rat pestivirus) and Pestivirus K (atypical porcine pestivirus). A batderived virus and pestiviruses identified from sheep and goat (Tunisian sheep pestiviruses), which lack complete coding region sequences, may represent two additional species.

Published
2017
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19. Expanded Classification of Hepatitis C Virus Into 7 Genotypes and 67 Subtypes: Updated Criteria and Genotype Assignment Web Resource

Author

Smith, Donald B, Bukh, Jens, Kuiken, Carla, Muerhoff, A Scott, Rice, Charles M, Stapleton, Jack T, and Simmonds, Peter

Subjects
Special Article, Genotype, Hepacivirus
Abstract

The 2005 consensus proposal for the classification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) presented an agreed and uniform nomenclature for HCV variants and the criteria for their assignment into genotypes and subtypes. Since its publication, the available dataset of HCV sequences has vastly expanded through advancement in nucleotide sequencing technologies and an increasing focus on the role of HCV genetic variation in disease and treatment outcomes. The current study represents a major update to the previous consensus HCV classification, incorporating additional sequence information derived from over 1,300 (near-)complete genome sequences of HCV available on public databases in May 2013. Analysis resolved several nomenclature conflicts between genotype designations and using consensus criteria created a classification of HCV into seven confirmed genotypes and 67 subtypes. There are 21 additional complete coding region sequences of unassigned subtype. The study additionally describes the development of a Web resource hosted by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) that maintains and regularly updates tables of reference isolates, accession numbers, and annotated alignments (http://talk.ictvonline.org/links/hcv/hcv-classification.htm). The Flaviviridae Study Group urges those who need to check or propose new genotypes or subtypes of HCV to contact the Study Group in advance of publication to avoid nomenclature conflicts appearing in the literature. While the criteria for assigning genotypes and subtypes remain unchanged from previous consensus proposals, changes are proposed in the assignment of provisional subtypes, subtype numbering beyond “w,” and the nomenclature of intergenotypic recombinant. Conclusion: This study represents an important reference point for the consensus classification of HCV variants that will be of value to researchers working in clinical and basic science fields. (Hepatology 2014;59:318-327)

Published
2013

22. Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family

Author

Smith, Donald B., Becher, Paul, Bukh, Jens, Gould, Ernest A., Meyers, Gregor, Monath, Thomas, Muerhoff, A. Scott, Pletnev, Alexander, Rico-Hesse, Rebecca, Stapleton, Jack T., Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B., Becher, Paul, Bukh, Jens, Gould, Ernest A., Meyers, Gregor, Monath, Thomas, Muerhoff, A. Scott, Pletnev, Alexander, Rico-Hesse, Rebecca, Stapleton, Jack T., and Simmonds, Peter

Abstract

Proposals are described for the assignment of recently reported viruses, infecting rodents, bats and other mammalian species, to new species within the Hepacivirus and Pegivirus genera (family Flaviviridae). Assignments into 14 Hepacivirus species (Hepacivirus A– N) and 11 Pegivirus species (Pegivirus A– K) are based on phylogenetic relationships and sequence distances between conserved regions extracted from complete coding sequences for members of each proposed taxon. We propose that the species H epatitis C virus is renamed Hepacivirus C in order to acknowledge its unique historical position and so as to minimize confusion. Despite the newly documented genetic diversity of hepaciviruses and pegiviruses, members of these genera remain phylogenetically distinct, and differ in hepatotropism and the possession of a basic core protein; pegiviruses in general lack these features. However, other characteristics that were originally used to support their division into separate genera are no longer definitive; there is overlap between the two genera in the type of internal ribosomal entry site and the presence of miR-122 sites in the 5′ UTR, the predicted number of N-linked glycosylation sites in the envelope E1 and E2 proteins, the presence of poly U tracts in the 3′ UTR and the propensity of viruses to establish a persistent infection. While all classified hepaciviruses and pegiviruses have mammalian hosts, the recent description of a hepaci-/pegi-like virus from a shark and the likely existence of further homologues in other non-mammalian species indicate that further species or genera remain to be defined in the future.

Published
2016

24. Expanded classification of hepatitis C Virus into 7 genotypes and 67 Subtypes:updated criteria and assignment web resource

Author

Smith, Donald B, Bukh, Jens, Kuiken, Carla, Muerhoff, A Scott, Rice, Charles M, Stapleton, Jack T, and Simmonds, Peter

Abstract

The 2005 consensus proposal for the classification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) presented an agreed and uniform nomenclature for HCV variants and the criteria for their assignment into genotypes and subtypes. Since its publication, the available dataset of HCV sequences has vastly expanded through advancement in nucleotide sequencing technologies and an increasing focus on the role of HCV genetic variation in disease and treatment outcomes. The current study represents a major update to the previous consensus HCV classification, incorporating additional sequence information derived from over 1,300 (near-)complete genome sequences of HCV available on public databases in May 2013. Analysis resolved several nomenclature conflicts between genotype designations and using consensus criteria created a classification of HCV into seven confirmed genotypes and 67 subtypes. There are 22 additional complete coding region sequences of unassigned subtype. The study additionally describes the development of a Web resource hosted by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) that maintains and regularly updates tables of reference isolates, accession numbers, and annotated alignments (http://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv_wikis/w/sg_flavi/default.aspx). The Flaviviridae Study Group urges those who need to check or propose new genotypes or subtypes of HCV to contact the Study Group in advance of publication to avoid nomenclature conflicts appearing in the literature. While the criteria for assigning genotypes and subtypes remain unchanged from previous consensus proposals, changes are proposed in the assignment of provisional subtypes, subtype numbering beyond "w," and the nomenclature of intergenotypic recombinant. Conclusion: This study represent an important reference point for the consensus classification of HCV variants that will be of value to research working in clinical and basic science fields. (Hepatology 2013;).

Published
2014
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25. Newly discovered hepatitis C virus minicores circulate in human blood.

Author

Eng, Francis J., El‐Shamy, Ahmed, Doyle, Erin H., Klepper, Arielle, Muerhoff, A. Scott, and Branch, Andrea D.

Subjects
HEPATITIS C virus, BLOOD circulation disorders, NUCLEOCAPSIDS
Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most prevalent causes of chronic blood‐borne infections worldwide. Despite developments of highly effective treatments, most infected individuals are unaware of their infection. Approximately 75% of infections are in low‐ and middle‐income countries; therefore, continuing research in HCV molecular virology and the development of vaccines and affordable diagnostics is required to reduce the global burden. Various intracellular forms of the HCV nucleocapsid (core) protein are produced in cell culture; these comprise the conventional p21 core and the newly discovered shorter isoforms (minicores). Minicores lack the N‐terminus of p21 core. This study was conducted to determine if minicores are secreted in cell culture and more importantly if they circulate in the blood of individuals infected with HCV. We also developed a new monoclonal antibody that detects minicores targeting a C‐terminal region common to p21 core and minicores. Direct evidence of minicores requires western blot analysis to distinguish the detection of p21 core from minicores. However, the sensitivity for western blot detection of HCV proteins from blood is nil without their prior purification/enrichment from blood. Therefore, we developed a purification method based on a heparin/Mn+2 precipitation of apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins because HCV is thought to circulate as a hybrid lipoviral particle. Minicores are secreted in culture when cells are grown in the presence of human serum. The heparin/Mn+2 precipitate from HCV‐infected cell culture supernatants and from the blood of 4 patients with high‐titer genotype‐1 HCV contained minicores. Conclusion: Minicores are major newly discovered HCV proteins that are secreted and circulate in blood during natural infections. Minicore proteins have translational potential as targets in diagnostic assays and in vaccine development. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:21–28) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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26. Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes:updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource

Author

Smith, Donald B, Bukh, Jens, Kuiken, Carla, Muerhoff, A Scott, Rice, Charles M, Stapleton, Jack T, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Bukh, Jens, Kuiken, Carla, Muerhoff, A Scott, Rice, Charles M, Stapleton, Jack T, and Simmonds, Peter

Abstract

UNLABELLED: The 2005 consensus proposal for the classification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) presented an agreed and uniform nomenclature for HCV variants and the criteria for their assignment into genotypes and subtypes. Since its publication, the available dataset of HCV sequences has vastly expanded through advancement in nucleotide sequencing technologies and an increasing focus on the role of HCV genetic variation in disease and treatment outcomes. The current study represents a major update to the previous consensus HCV classification, incorporating additional sequence information derived from over 1,300 (near-)complete genome sequences of HCV available on public databases in May 2013. Analysis resolved several nomenclature conflicts between genotype designations and using consensus criteria created a classification of HCV into seven confirmed genotypes and 67 subtypes. There are 21 additional complete coding region sequences of unassigned subtype. The study additionally describes the development of a Web resource hosted by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) that maintains and regularly updates tables of reference isolates, accession numbers, and annotated alignments (http://talk.ictvonline.org/links/hcv/hcv-classification.htm). The Flaviviridae Study Group urges those who need to check or propose new genotypes or subtypes of HCV to contact the Study Group in advance of publication to avoid nomenclature conflicts appearing in the literature. While the criteria for assigning genotypes and subtypes remain unchanged from previous consensus proposals, changes are proposed in the assignment of provisional subtypes, subtype numbering beyond "w," and the nomenclature of intergenotypic recombinant.CONCLUSION: This study represents an important reference point for the consensus classification of HCV variants that will be of value to researchers working in clinical and basic science fields.

Published
2014

27. The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae

Author

Stapleton, Jack T, Foung, Steven, Muerhoff, A Scott, Bukh, Jens, Simmonds, Peter, Stapleton, Jack T, Foung, Steven, Muerhoff, A Scott, Bukh, Jens, and Simmonds, Peter

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 2011-Feb, In 1967, it was reported that experimental inoculation of serum from a surgeon (G.B.) with acute hepatitis into tamarins resulted in hepatitis. In 1995, two new members of the family Flaviviridae, named GBV-A and GBV-B, were identified in tamarins that developed hepatitis following inoculation with the 11th GB passage. Neither virus infects humans, and a number of GBV-A variants were identified in wild New World monkeys that were captured. Subsequently, a related human virus was identified [named GBV-C or hepatitis G virus (HGV)], and recently a more distantly related virus (named GBV-D) was discovered in bats. Only GBV-B, a second species within the genus Hepacivirus (type species hepatitis C virus), has been shown to cause hepatitis; it causes acute hepatitis in experimentally infected tamarins. The other GB viruses have however not been assigned to a genus within the family Flaviviridae. Based on phylogenetic relationships, genome organization and pathogenic features of the GB viruses, we propose to classify GBV-A-like viruses, GBV-C and GBV-D as members of a fourth genus in the family Flaviviridae, named Pegivirus (pe, persistent; g, GB or G). We also propose renaming 'GB' viruses within the tentative genus Pegivirus to reflect their host origin.

Published
2011

29. Detection of Plasmodium falciparum , P. vivax , P. ovale , and P. malariae Merozoite Surface Protein 1-p19 Antibodies in Human Malaria Patients and Experimentally Infected Nonhuman Primates

Author

Muerhoff, A. Scott, primary, Birkenmeyer, Larry G., additional, Coffey, Ruthie, additional, Dille, Bruce J., additional, Barnwell, John W., additional, Collins, William E., additional, Sullivan, Joann S., additional, Dawson, George J., additional, and Desai, Suresh M., additional

Published
2010
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33. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Using Recombinant Envelope Protein Expressed in COS-1 and Drosophila S2 Cells for Detection of West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin M in Serum or Cerebrospinal Fluid

Author

Muerhoff, A. Scott, primary, Dawson, George J., additional, Dille, Bruce, additional, Gutierrez, Robin, additional, Leary, Thomas P., additional, Gupta, Malini C., additional, Kyrk, Charles R., additional, Kapoor, Hema, additional, Clark, Patricia, additional, Schochetman, Gerald, additional, and Desai, Suresh M., additional

Published
2004
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36. Reply

Author

Muerhoff, A. Scott, primary, Leary, Thomas P., additional, Desai, Suresh M., additional, and Mushahwar, Isa K., additional

Published
1999
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38. GB virus C (GBV-C) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Influence on liver disease and on hepatitis virus behaviour: Effect of interferon alfa therapy

Author

Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, primary, Roudot-Thoraval, Françoise, additional, Muerhoff, A. Scott, additional, Pellerin, Muriel, additional, Germanidis, Georgios, additional, Desai, Suresh M., additional, Bastie, Anne, additional, Darthuy, Françoise, additional, Rémiré, Jocelyne, additional, Zafrani, Elie-Serge, additional, Soussy, Claude-James, additional, Mushahwar, Isa K., additional, and Dhumeaux, Daniel, additional

Published
1998
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41. Prevalence studies of GB Virus-C infection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

Author

Dawson, George J., primary, Schlauder, George G., additional, Pilot-Matias, Tami J., additional, Thiele, Dwain, additional, Leary, Thomas P., additional, Murphy, Paul, additional, Rosenblatt, Jon E., additional, Simons, John N., additional, Martinson, Francis E. A., additional, Gutierrez, Robin A., additional, Lentino, Joseph R., additional, Pachucki, Constance, additional, Muerhoff, A. Scott, additional, Widell, Anders, additional, Tegtmeier, Gary, additional, Desai, Suresh, additional, and Mushahwar, Isa K., additional

Published
1996
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44. Molecular and serologic analysis in the transmission of the GB hepatitis agents

Author

Schlauder, George G., primary, Dawson, George J., additional, Simons, John N., additional, Pilot-Matias, Tami J., additional, Gutierrez, Robin A., additional, Heynen, Cynthia A., additional, Knigge, Mark F., additional, Kurpiewski, Gretchen S., additional, Buijk, Sheri L., additional, Leary, Thomas P., additional, Muerhoff, A. Scott, additional, Desai, Suresh M., additional, and Mushahwar, Isa K., additional

Published
1995
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49. A non-isotopic method for the determination of activity of the thermostable NAD-dependent DNA ligase from Thermus thermophilus HB8

Author

Muerhoff, A. Scott, Dawson, George J., and Desai, Suresh M.

Subjects
*LIGASES, *ELECTROPHORESIS, *GENES, *DNA
Abstract

A simple and accurate method for determination of enzymatic activity of the NAD-dependent DNA ligase of Thermus thermophilus HB8 has been developed that requires no radiolabeled substrates. λ-DNA digested with BstEII provides two substrate DNA molecules (fragments 1 and 4) containing 12 base pair cohesive ends that are stably annealed at the assay temperature of 45 °C. One cohesive end unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to achieve 50% ligation of fragment 1 in 15 min at 45 °C. Percent ligation is determined by analysis of reaction products, produced in reactions containing serial dilutions of enzyme, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and photographed using a digital imaging device. Imaging software quantifies the amounts of fragment 1 and non-substrate fragment 7 present in the each lane (reaction). The latter is used to normalize the amount of fragment 1. This normalization process corrects for variations in sample loading, electrophoretic artifacts, and optical distortion of the gel image. A negative control containing no enzyme allows calculation of percent substrate ligated into product. Unit activity is then calculated from a dose–response curve in which percent of fragment 1 ligated is plotted against the log10 of the enzyme dilution factor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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50. Predictors of GBV-C infection among patients referred for renal transplantation.

Author

Murthy, Muerhoff, A. Scott, Desai, Suresh M., Natov, Svetlozar N., Bouthot, Beth A., Ruthazer, Robin, Schmid, Christopher H., Levey, Andrew S., Mushahwar, Isa K., and Pereira, Brian J.G.

Subjects
*SARIN, *KIDNEY diseases, *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.
Abstract

Predictors of GBV-C infection among patients referred for renal transplantation. The etiology of liver disease remains unknown in about 4 to 23% of dialysis patients and 10 to 16% of renal transplant recipients. A search for other causative agents of liver disease led to the discovery of the GB group of viruses. We studied the association between the presence of GB virus C (GBV-C) infection, known risk factors for parenterally-transmitted infections and history or laboratory evidence of liver disease among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients referred for renal transplantation to the New England Organ Bank, MA. Stored sera from patients on the renal transplantation waiting list between November 1986 and June 1990 were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sera were available in 1544 of 3243 (48%) patients, and anti-HCV was detected by ELISA3 in 287 (19%). All 287 anti-HCV positive patients formed the anti-HCV positive cohort and 286 randomly selected anti-HCV negative patients formed the anti-HCV negative cohort (573 patients overall). Additional sera were available for GBV-C RNA testing in 465 of 573 (81%) patients, and GBV-C RNA was detected by RT-PCR in 146. The overall extrapolated prevalence of serum GBV-C RNA was 29%. The prevalence of serum GBV-C RNA among anti-HCV positive patients (35%) was not significantly different from that among anti-HCV negative patients (29%; P = 0.22). In a univariate analysis, compared to patients without GBV-C RNA, patients with serum GBV-C RNA were younger [odds ratio (OR) 0.98 per year of age, P = 0.01], had a lower proportion of males (OR 0.64, P = 0.03), lower proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus (OR 0.44, P = 0.01), higher proportion of patients with a previous transplantation (OR 1.53, P = 0.04), longer duration of dialysis at the time of enrollment (OR 1.004 per month on dialysis, P = 0.03), and a higher proportion of patients with history of transfusions (OR 4.58, P = 0.01). Serum GBV-C RNA was... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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