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There are consistent associations between physical activity and self-perceived health. However, it is not clear whether associations between self-perceived health and participation in physical activity could be accounted for by associations with cognitive function. In the present study, we examined whether associations between physical activity and cognitive functioning could explain the variability between physical activity and self-perceived health. A sample of 204 older adults performed three cognitive tests selected from the Vienna test system battery: The Determination, Cognitrone, and Visual Memory tests. These tests measure general processing speed, attention, and visual memory, respectively. Participants also completed the 12-item Short Form Health Questionnaire SF-12 to measure perceived health, and the Physical Activity Survey for the Elderly to measure physical activity. Linear regressions and the PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to test our hypotheses. Consistent with our hypotheses, processing speed accounted for significant variance in the relationship between physical activity and self-perceived health. This suggests that cognitive processing speed might be an indirect path by which physical activity relates to enhanced health perceptions. The results demonstrate that associations between physical activity and self-perceptions of health are related to a fundamental cognitive process.

The diploma thesis deals with the self-regulation of preschool children from public and alternative preschool. The literary review part is mainly devoted to self-regulation, emotions and their recognition, the development of children's emotional understanding, understanding of social situations and the characteristics of public preschool and alternative preschool education with a focus on forest kindergartens. The research part contains research of a quantitative type, which compares the self- regulation of preschool children in public and forest preschools. The aim of the thesis was to investigate and compare the self-regulation of children attending traditional and forest preschools. Specifically, the work aims to find out how children from these preschools work with emotions and how they understand emotions and social situations. The IDS method was used for data collection, specifically subtests dealing with social-emotional competences. The research group consists of 42 respondents aged 5-7 years, from 4 preschool education facilities, more specifically 2 public preschools, 1 forest school and 1 alternative preschool educational facility integrating elements of the Waldorf, Montessori and forest approach. The results showed that respondents from alternative preschool education score higher in...

Title: Stress and coping strategies in sport Objective: The aim of this thesis was to investigate, based on the information obtained, how elite and recreational athletes cope with stress in a stressful situation. Whether there are significant differences within gender, level and type of sport performed. Methods: A quantitative research design with a survey method was chosen to meet this objective. The chosen questionnaire SVF-78 was sent to the selected respondents by email. The information obtained was analysed in a discussion. Results: The findings of the research are presented in tables, graphs and are accompanied by comments for better clarity. The data obtained were evaluated and compared with the literature. Key words: stress, research, questionnaire, athlete, success

Title: Sport motivation in competitive rhythmic gymnasts Objectives: The main aim is to investigate the commitment to sport in rhythmic gymnasts at the performance level at different age categories and the relationships between commitment and different forms of motivation. Based on the results obtained, to make recommendations for coaches. Methods: The research was conducted using a quantitative method with an online questionnaire survey. 91 modern gymnasts from the West Bohemia region, mostly practicing sports at the performance level, participated in the research. The questionnaire battery was divided into four parts according to the sub- questionnaires. The first one measured the female athletes' involvement in the sport using the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. The second questionnaire addressed team cohesion using "The Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire". The third questionnaire investigated what is the motivational climate created by the coach based on ,,Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach". The last questionnaire in this section measured goal orientation using the ,,Perception of Achievements Questionnaire". Results: The results show significant relationships between motivational constructs and motivational climate and sports engagement in modern...

Název: Burnout Syndrome in Professional Team Sports Cíle: The aim of this study is to assess a prevalence of burnout syndrome and engagement in team professional sports and explore relationships between burnout and engagement and social resources and demands produced by teammates, coaches, and global sport environment and other selected variables (motivation, perfectionism etc.). Metody: The research was carried out by means of an electronic survey. The questionnaire was constructed from 7 separate questionnaires, each focusing on one of the selected predictors of burnout and engagement. It was distributed to professional male and female players of volleyball (extra-league), hockey (Chance League and 2nd League) and handball (extra-league). A total of 102 professional athletes participated in the study. The obtained data were processed using descriptive statistics and correlation and regression analysis. Výsledky: The results provide an overview of the relationships between burnout and engagement and the selected predictors, which are types of motivation, effort goals, perfectionism, coach-created motivational climate, and team cohesion. The general assumptions of the relationships of engagement and intrinsic motivation, and conversely burnout with extrinsic motivation and its related introjected...

This bachelor thesis addresses the phenomenon of social networking sites use in the context of identity development of adolescents. The literary review part begins with the characteristics of adolescence and indicates some specifics of adolescence in the present society. Next, it deals with the main developmental task of adolescence, identity development. It presents several fundamental conceptions of identity. The literary review part also introduces to the issue of social networking sites use. It describes its main features and functions, primarily online communication and self-presentation. Further, it presents users of social networking sites and outlines the motivation for social networking sites use. Eventually, it presents an overview and interpretation of research conducted on the relationship between identity development and adolescent' social networking sites use. In this respect, it distinguishes between several forms of usage. This part is followed by the research project proposal, which focuses on the relationship between adolescent identity and the use of selected social networking sites. It applies both quantitative and qualitative methods, specifically several surveys and data analysis. The central part of the research proposal is a correlation study. Keywords Adolescence; Identity;...

Title: Relationship between physical activity and quality of life in young adults Aims of work: This thesis aims to determine the connection between physical activity and quality of life in young adults (20-35 years old), and to find out their lifestyle, health, and quality of life. Method: Methodologically, this work is based on a quantitative questionnaire study. The data were obtained through an online questionnaire, which was posted on Facebook. The questionnaire included two measures of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire a Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) and a measure of the quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF).The data from the questionnaire were evaluated by SPSS software (Statistical Package for Social Science). The relationship between physical activity and quality of life was determined using correlation and regression analysis. The survey involved 379 young adults in the age category of 20 to 35 years. Results: The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between leisure time physical activity and three dimensions of the quality of life - mental and physical health and the quality of the environment. The regression analysis also showed a significant relationship between a higher level of leisure physical activity and all dimensions...

The popularity and usage of social networking sites (SNS) are constantly on the rise, mainly among adolescents. Nowadays kids and adolescents probably don't even remember the world without the internet and smartphones. This fact has an impact on their development, mostly during adolescence. The main task during adolescence, mainly during late adolescence, is identity achievement. This process is realized through identity experiments, self-presentation, getting feedback from others, and the peer-socialization. The environment of social media is ideal for all these processes. Thus, my thesis aims to find answers to questions considering the impact of SNS in process of identity formation. To complete the aim of my work I've chosen the concept of identity and its status proposed by James Marcia and I investigated the SNS behavior via the process of self-presentation and its relatedness to the statuses of identity. In the theoretical part, I am focusing on the complex term of identity, possible definitions of identity, and on key developmental tasks with a focus on identity development and its predictors. I focus on the definitions of SNS, its up-to-date popularity among adolescents, and the characteristics of the most used SNS. The last chapter is dedicated to the relationship between online and...

The diploma thesis deals with adolescents who grew up in a dysfunctional family environment. The content of the literary-review part of the diploma thesis will be devoted to dysfunctional family systems in which the basic needs of the child are not met. It will also address the key areas of development for understanding the child's experience within individual ages of development up to adolescence. Attention will also be paid to coping strategies and child support resources during development. The research survey will consider the qualitative design, which will take place through an interview with the help of adolescents. The target group will be adolescents who grew up in a dysfunctional family environment. The aim of this research will be to describe the experience of adolescents in dysfunctional family systems. Thanks to the research part, the elaboration of this diploma thesis can be a tool for understanding the feelings and experiences of children who grew up in this environment. It can thus be applied in working with adolescents, but also with the parents of these children. At the same time, it can be a source for the prevention of mental decompensation and the possible development of more serious mental problems. Keywords Family; Dysfunction; Development; Adolescents; Coping

The thesis focuses on the construct of resilience, which is conceptualised as a process of adaptation to adversity, and examines it in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in people over 60 years of age. The aim of this thesis is to understand resilience over time during a crisis in the statistically most at-risk age group. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of this construct, the literature review section includes historical and theoretical insights along with recent research findings. The thesis describes the mechanisms, specifically cognitive appraisal, emotion regulation, and the ironing effect, that are thought to be key in the resilience process, and the findings from investigations of the specifics of resilience in older age, crisis, and a combination of the two. The empirical part presents the conducted mix-method research, in which the quantitative part was conducted first, from which a part of respondents was selected for the qualitative research. In the first part quantitative data were collected through the CD-RISC-25 scale, and in the second part a total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted, selected according to the scores on the CD-RISC-25 scale. The results of the exploratory analysis of the quantitative data and the thematic analysis of the qualitative data showed...

Title: Performance motivation and competitive anxiety of ice hockey players Objectives: The main goal of this final work is to find out how the performance motivation of athletes is related to the emotional consequences of their participation in sports, their interest, but also anxiety or negative emotions related to burnout. Methods: This is a quantitative questionnaire study in which 53 professional or semi- professional ice hockey players participated. Participants completed a questionnaire battery examining various aspects of their performance motivation (Perception of Success Questionnaire, Dweck Mindset Instrument, Sport motivation scale-6), positive and negative emotions related to their sports activity (Athlete Engagement Questionnaire, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, Competitive State Anxiety Inventory) and the team cohesion (Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire). Subsequently, the data were processed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: High values were measured for determination, integrated regulation, internal motivation and task orientation. Low values occurred in burnout and amotivation. The results show that in athletes, interest predominates over burnout and task orientation outweigh ego orientation. As a result, they tend to improve....

How are morality, self-control, and adolescent crime rates related? Based on the current state of knowledge, morality and self-control are important predictors of criminal behaviour, and their interaction is crucial (assumptions of the Situational Action Theory and partially General Theory of Crime). This thesis aims to test the abovementioned relationships among adolescents in the Czech Republic and further examine hypotheses aimed at better understanding the relationship between the structure of moral foundations (Moral Foundations Theory) to self-control and crime. Based on a questionnaire survey of 110 adolescents (15-25 years old) in the Czech Republic, the hypotheses that adolescents with higher levels of morality and self-control are less likely to commit a crime and that the so-called "individualising" moral motive is related to higher levels of self- control and lower rates of crime were supported. The result of this study is that when the adolescent's morality is high, he or she does not "need" self-control not to commit a crime; on the contrary, when the adolescent's level of morality is low, self-control plays an important role. Keywords Situational Action Theory, moral foundations, interaction

Title: Burnout Syndrome among Teachers Objectives: The purpose of this diploma thesis is to analyse the burnout syndrome from the point of view of teachers who do not suffer from this syndrome. These teachers explain how they proceed to cope with a difficult period or different kinds of problems they are sometimes facing and how they manage to see their job as their personal fulfilment. Methods: The method used is Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Data were collected during semi-structured interviews with four respondents. These interviews were recorded on a phone, transcribed word by word and then analysed. Results: The most important topics that resulted from the answers of responding teachers are: 1) Students as the main purpose of the job, 2) Shift in the point of view as a solution to the problem, 3) On-line life, lack of time and disillusionment of teachers, 4) Personal characteristics as a determining factor for the selection of suitable subject. These topics were selected as main topics because they had a considerable impact on working practices of each teacher, which is evident from the analysis of their answers using the chosen method (IPA). Conclusion: To sum up, while analysing the burnout syndrome, it is important to take into account individual characteristics of...

The aim of this thesis is to map self-harm characteristics of adolescents with personal history of traumatic experience including the purpose and development of self-harm over time. First, in the theoretical section of this paper, the developmental stage of adolescence and its risks for engaging in self-harm is portrayed. Then, the topic of trauma, its diagnostic background and neurobiological impact is described, followed by chapter about self-harming itself, its forms, frequencies, functions, etiology and its association with suicide. By the end of this section the role of adolescent resilience in coping with the impact of trauma and self-harm is discussed. The follow up empirical research project of qualitative nature conducted under Dětské krizové centrum includes a set of case studies that were holistically evaluated for all aspects of self- harm and its development over time. Keywords Adolescence; trauma; child abuse neglect; self-harm; suicide; resilience.

Title: Motives for drop out of children in chosen basketball club Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to conduct a case study via questionares and deep interviews find out reasons for drop out of female former players from the age categories 12-18 during the two last seasons from chosen basketball club. Methods: In thesis was used a quantitative method, more precisely questionnaires were sent via email to former female players and their parents. Along with in-depth interviews with three players and the club manager. For better accuracy and comparison of the results questions were constructed based on previously published studies about youth sport drop out. Results: The most important reason for drop out was feeling, that team is not interested in them. Of the ten most cited reasons two were structural and two interpersonal, six of them are intrapersonal constraints. Structural constrains appeared overall to be the least important. Keywords: Organized sport, drop out, competitive level, basketball, approach to children, specialization

Title: Values and motivation in youth basketball Objectives: The main goal of this work is, to use an electronic questionnaire, to find out the importance and perceived frequency of determinants of entertainment, namely for youth basketball players aged 12 to 19 years, their parents and coaches. Methods: A quantitative method was chosen for the research, in the form of a questionnaire. It was based on a previously conducted study in the field of youth sports. Specifically, it is Fun Intergration Theory, which examines the determinants of fun. Results: The most important and most common dimensions of fun are: Positive team dynamics, Positive Coaching and Trying Hard. The least important and least frequent dimension is with a big difference Style. The most important determinant Having a coach who is a positive role model. The determinant of Earning medals or trophies was the least important, which also has the lowest frequency of occurrence. There are certain patterns among the perceptions of parents, coaches and players, especially in the dimensions of Positive Coaching, Trying Hard and Game Time Support. Keywords: youth sports, fun determinants, intrinsic motivation, values, sports dropout

Title: Motivational climate and achievement motivation in athletes Objectives: The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to determine the motivational climate and performance motivation of selected athletes using the questionnaire method and to analyze the extent to which they interact. Examine their internal and external motivation, environment and climate in which they are located, and thus identify the main influencing factors of sports performance. Methods: The research was carried out using a quantitative method based on a questionnaire, which was composed of four parts. The first part measured the athlete's interest in sports using the "Athlete Engagement Questionnaire". The second part measured the motivational climate created by the coach using the "Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach". The third part measured the target orientation through the "Perception of Success Questionnaire". The fourth part measured internal and external motivation based on the theory of self- determination for which the questionnaire "Sport motivation scale-6" was used. Results: The measured data of motivational aspects for athletes of the Central Bohemian Region in relation to the motivational climate generated by the coach prove the general assumption valid for other performance...

This bachelor thesis titled Coping Strategies in Bikini Fitness Competition discusses one of the contemporary phenomena in the female bodybuilding category - Bikini Fitness. This category is continuously increasing in popularity within girls and women of different age ranges and levels of experience mainly due to the growing influence of the current social trends and media. Considering the combination of the physical and modelling requirements with the requirement of preservation of femininity, Bikini Fitness can be seen as a rather specific category. The author of this qualitative-oriented thesis mainly focuses on the assessment of the competitor's motivation, experience, and the subjectively perceived challenges rendered within the category and the respective coping strategies. Moreover, the author examines the competitor's functioning during particular periods of the contest season in regards to family, employment, study and social life demands. This examination leads to the identification of different approaches and methods adopted by the competitors and their subsequent comparison which highlights their effectiveness or ineffectiveness and the potential consequences. The author of this thesis opted for qualitative form of multi-case study as a research method and for personal semi-structured...

Title: Problematics of motivation and aggressivity in sports Objectives: Main target of my diploma thesis is to test selfdetermination of individuals participating in sports, their motivations and motivation factors which are connected to aggressivity, by using the questionnaire method. Methods: Datas for research were collected from quantitativ questionaire, which was a compilation of three standard questinnaires, their Czech version used in psychology. A questionnaire called Sport motivation scale - 6 was used to measure selfdetermination, a questionnaire called Percetion of Success Questionaire was used to measure the motivational orientation and a questionnaire called The Buss - Perry Aggression Questionaire was used to measure different dimensions of aggressivity. Results: Results of selfdetermination measured on sportsmen of UK FTVS prove the general hypothesis of high contribution of intrinsic motivation and very low participation of amotivation for any individuals participating in sports. Higherst values measured we got for integrated regulation, which is the most intrinsic form of external motivation. Results of motivational orientation of respondents show clearly dominance of motivational orientation toward the target rather than toward ego. The highest measured value of different forms...

Title: Cognitive functions and performance in MMA Objectives: The goal of the work was to figure out the effect of cognitive functions to performance in MMA. Methods: Vienna test system, determination test Results: Research compares sample reactions to acoustic and visual impulses among three groups - professional MMA fighters, amateur MMA fighters and intact population. The results of the research show that MMA individuals, regardless of the category (professional and amateur MMA fighters), have better results than recreational athletes from the intact population. There were no significant differences among the group of professional MMA fighters and the group of amateur MMA fighters. Keywords: stress, reactions, Mixed Martial Arts, cognitive functions