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Evidence suggests that hearts that are perfused under ex-situ conditions lose normal coronary vasomotor tone and experience contractile failure over a few hours. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different coronary perfusion strategies during ex situ heart perfusion on cardiac function and coronary vascular tone.Porcine hearts (n = 6 each group) were perfused in working mode for 6 hours with either constant aortic diastolic pressure (40 mmHg) or constant coronary flow rate (500 mL/min). Functional and metabolic parameters, cytokine profiles, cardiac and vascular injury, coronary artery function and oxidative stress were compared between groups.Constant coronary flow perfusion demonstrated better functional preservation and less edema formation (Cardiac index: flow control = 8.33 vs pressure control = 6.46 mL·minA strategy of controlled coronary flow during ex situ heart perfusion provides superior functional preservation and less edema formation, together with less myocardial damage, leukocyte, platelet, endothelial activation, and oxidative stress. There was loss of coronary autoregulation and decrease of coronary vascular resistance during ESHP irrespective of coronary flow control strategy. Inflammation and oxidative stress state in the coronary vasculature may play a role.

In this manuscript we have studied a five compartmental mathematical model of Ebola epidemic. Thesuggested mathematical model is classified into susceptible, incubation, infected, isolated infected and recoveredclasses. The Taylor series method (TSM) is used to achieve the approximate results for each compartment.The graphical presentation that corresponds to some real facts is given.

Using a neural convolution network, this research presents an automatic system for recognising age and gender based on a person's face. In recent years, one of the most effective research subjects has been collecting information from a person's face. The human face has facial features such as eyes, ears, nose, chin, and other aspects that can be examined based on our requirements. The detection of age and gender begins with facial recognition. Detection is the process of identifying many features based on a single input. Our system makes use of OpenCV and includes a few deep convolutional emotional networks that have been trained to detect faces from inserted images and predict their age and gender using either a webcam or an image. Not only are deep neural convolutional networks costly, but they are also difficult to implement. Keywords: Age Estimation, Gender Detection, Deep Learning, Webcam, Convolutional neural network, OpenCV.

PurposeAlongside the remarkable evolution of cellular communication to 5G networks, significant security and privacy challenges have risen which can affect the widespread adoption of advanced communication technologies. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to examine research within security and privacy for 5G-based systems highlighting contributions made by the research community and identify research trends within different subdomains of 5G security where open issues still exist.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a bibliographic approach to review the state-of-the-art in the field of 5G security and is the pioneering effort to investigate 5G security research using this methodology. Specifically, the paper presents a quantitative description of the existing contributions in terms of authors, organizations, and countries. It then presents detailed keyword and co-citation analysis that shows the quantity and pattern of research work in different subfields. Finally, 5G security areas are identified having open challenges for future research work.FindingsThe study shows that China leads the world in terms of published research in the field of 5G security with USA and India ranked second and third respectively. Xidian University, China is ranked highest for number of publications and h-index followed by University Oulu and AALTO University Finland. IEEE Access, Sensors and IEEE Internet of Things Journal are the top publication venues in the field of 5G security. Using VOSViewer aided analysis with respect to productivity, research areas and keywords, the authors have identified research trends in 5G security among scientific community whilst highlighting specific challenges which require further efforts.Originality/valueExisting studies have focused on surveys covering state-of-the art research in secure 5G network (Zhang et al. 2019), physical layer security (Wu et al., 2018), security and privacy of 5G technologies (Khan et al., 2020) and security and privacy challenges when 5G is used in IoT (Sicari et al. 2020). However, our research has revealed no existing bibliometric studies in this area and therefore, to our best knowledge, this paper represents pioneering such effort for security within 5G.

In Quran Allah Says: And among his signs is this, that he created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and he has put love and mercy between your (hearts). But in our society, we see a totally opposite picture. After getting married within a few months married couple started arguing on small matters and clear sign of agitation and distress can be seen in their lives. Why it is happening in our society can be understood if we take a closer look into the prophet w marital life. In this article we have broken down this subject into two steps. First, what were the principles the prophet of Allah w had developed for dealing with his wives. Second, being human whenever any sort of challenges were raised by his wives, how the Prophet of Allah w dealt with them.

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. However, lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. As such, there is high waitlist mortality. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) has increased donor lung utilization rates in some centers by 15%-20%. ESLP has been applied as a method to assess and recondition marginal donor lungs and has demonstrated acceptable short- and long-term outcomes following transplantation of extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. Large animal (in vivo) transplantation models are required to validate ongoing in vitro research findings. Anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and pigs pose significant technical and anesthetic challenges. An easily reproducible transplant model would permit the in vivo validation of current ESLP strategies and the preclinical evaluation of various interventions designed to improve donor lung function. This protocol describes a porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation. This includes anesthetic and surgical techniques, a customized surgical checklist, troubleshooting, modifications, and the benefits and limitations of the approach.

Secure exchange of cryptographic keys is extremely important for any communication system where security and privacy of data is desirable. Although classical cryptographic algorithms provide computationally secure methods for secret key exchange, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an extraordinary means to this end by guaranteeing unconditional security. Any malicious interception of communication by a man-in-the-middle on a QKD link immediately alerts sender and receiver by introducing an unavoidable error-rate. Higher-dimensional QKD protocols such as KMB09 exhibit higher eavesdropping error-rates with improved intrusion detection but their practical implementation is still awaited. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of KMB09 protocol using Laguerre–Gaussian orbital angular momentum to demonstrate and highlight the advantages of using dynamic spatial modes in QKD system. A complete error-rate analysis of KMB09 protocol implementation is presented with two different types of eavesdropping error-rates. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the decoy state method to show the robustness of the protocol against photon-number-splitting attack.

The rise of 5G networks promises a wide range of cutting-edge services with the aim of achieving high performance and reliability. Cutting-edge applications facilitated by 5G architecture make use of various enabling technologies, which introduce various new and emerging security threats and attacks. Threat modeling is a proactive approach to identify security requirements, as well as potential threats and vulnerabilities, and prioritize remediation methods. In addition, 5G networks are complex and are usually divided into separate layers to foster the understanding and management of different functionalities. The open nature of 5G envisages that multiple vendors and service providers might be working on network deployment and service provisioning; it is therefore necessary to address and categorize the threats at each layer distinctly. This paper presents a threat model for 5G-based systems. It leverages the layered 5G architecture, identifying threat categories and mapping these to corresponding layers. It also analyzes enabling technologies affected by identified threats along with threat actors, entry points, and the impact of threat categories. Through the development of this threat model, we envisage facilitating further research into specific threats and mechanisms to protect against them.

Electronic voting or e-voting has been used in varying forms since 1970s with fundamental benefits over paper-based systems such as increased efficiency and reduced errors. However, challenges remain to the achieving of wide spread adoption of such systems, especially with respect to improving their resilience against potential faults. Blockchain is a disruptive technology of the current era and promises to improve the overall resilience of e-voting systems. This article presents an effort to leverage benefits of blockchain such as cryptographic foundations and transparency to achieve an effective scheme for e-voting. The proposed scheme conforms to the fundamental requirements for e-voting schemes and achieves end-to-end verifiability. The article presents details of the proposed e-voting scheme along with its implementation using Multichain platform. The article also presents an in-depth evaluation of the scheme which successfully demonstrates its effectiveness to achieve an end-to-end verifiable e-voting scheme.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients undergoing computed tomography (CT)-angiography in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology In this observational study, we included consecutive TOF patients undergoing CT-angiography without prior history of cardiac surgery or congenital heart disease. CAAs were defined based on either origin or course of the artery. Results Out of 441 TOF patients, the prevalence of CCAs was 3.6% (16), of which 13 were below 18 years of age. Anomalous left main artery was observed in six (1.4%) patients, followed by left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery, observed in four (0.9%) patients each, and two (0.5%) patients had a single coronary artery originating from the left coronary cusp with an interarterial course. Conclusions CAAs were observed in a significant number (3.6%) of TOF patients. A CT-angiographic assessment before surgical correction would help identify the exact anatomy for better surgical planning to minimize complications.

Distributed ledger technologies represent decentralized databases, without the requirement for a central authority to authenticate and validate transactions. Blockchain technology is one of these technologies that provides a record of digital transactions that have been executed and validated by consensus of a majority of participants in the system. It uses software that processes on the order of the newly created and connected blocks via cryptographic means to ensure security and integrity. It has a verified record of each transaction that has been executed till date, which cannot be removed from the system, thereby ensuring the integrity of information. Although Bitcoin is the most popular application of blockchain, it has been used in diverse application domains such as healthcare, logistics, and security. While blockchain enables fairness and prevention from denial-of-service attacks, it lacks in transaction processing time as compared with credit cards and other online services. Hashgraph, another distributed ledger technology, has emerged recently, which focuses on addressing this limitation, promising extraordinary improvement in transaction processing times. Although hashgraph was initially deployed in private settings, public deployment has been recently launched, enabling its adoption for wider application domains. Within this context, this chapter is focused on presenting a comparative study of these distributed ledger technologies, identifying strengths and weaknesses to highlight potential application domains.

Electronic voting or e-voting has been used in varying forms since 1970s with fundamental benefits over paper-based systems such as increased efficiency and reduced errors. However, challenges remain to the achieving of wide spread adoption of such systems, especially with respect to improving their resilience against potential faults. Blockchain is a disruptive technology of the current era and promises to improve the overall resilience of e-voting systems. This article presents an effort to leverage benefits of blockchain such as cryptographic foundations and transparency to achieve an effective scheme for e-voting. The proposed scheme conforms to the fundamental requirements for e-voting schemes and achieves end-to-end verifiability. The article presents details of the proposed e-voting scheme along with its implementation using Multichain platform. The article also presents an in-depth evaluation of the scheme which successfully demonstrates its effectiveness to achieve an end-to-end verifiable e-voting scheme.

This review summarizes various zeolite/polymer composites which have been used as a sensor for different gases. In this review paper; properties of zeolite/polymer composites like simple synthesis and good electrical properties, etc. are discussed. Various strategies which affect the sensitivity of the composites are presented here. The sensitivity and response of zeolite/polymer composites to different gases are summarized.