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The current study was conducted to analyze the protective effect of rosemary leaves extract on renal defect experimentally induced by infecting with E. coli O157. Sixty male mice were divided into 6 groups as follow: C-(control negative), C+ (infected with E.coli O157 without treatment), T1(Immunomodiolater group), T2 (infected with E. coli 0157 then treated with Rosemary Alcoholic extract at 0.5ml/20mg B.W. orally, T3 (infected with E coli 0157 then treated with meropenem 90 mg/kg.bw only and T4 (Infected with E.coli 0157 then treated with meropenem and Rosemary Alcoholic extract). The result showed significant decrease (P £ 0.05) in serum creatinine in groups treated with plant extract alone when administered as protective and as immunomodulatory. Furthermore, there were maximum depletion of serum urea levels which were significant (P £ 0.05) in the group treated with plant as treatment and also in the group treated with combination of plant extract with meropenem drug. Groups treated with meropenem and those treated with Rosemary extract alone (before infection), showed significant depletion in urea level in comparison to control +ve. Histopathological slides revealed vascular degeneration of most cortical renal tubules in kidney of animals (C+ group). While T1 group showed the presence of nephrosis associated with dilation of collecting tubules. In addition there were mild cloudy swelling of cortical renal tubules in animals of T2 group. Finally normal appearance of renal cortex was noticed in kidneys of T3 group. In conclusion, the present results provide a clear experimental evidence for the promising role of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extract in the protection against E.coli O157. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]